Academic literature on the topic 'Controller normal form'
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Journal articles on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Khajepour, A., M. F. Golnaraghi, and K. A. Morris. "MODAL COUPLING CONTROLLER DESIGN USING NORMAL FORM METHOD, PART II: CONTROL." Journal of Sound and Vibration 205, no. 5 (September 1997): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1073.
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Khajepour, A., M. F. Golnaraghi, and K. A. Morris. "MODAL COUPLING CONTROLLER DESIGN USING A NORMAL FORM METHOD, PART I: DYNAMICS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 205, no. 5 (September 1997): 657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1072.
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Kang, Wei, and Arthur J. Krener. "Extended Quadratic Controller Normal Form and Dynamic State Feedback Linearization of Nonlinear Systems." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 30, no. 6 (November 1992): 1319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0330070.
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Du, Wenju, Yandong Chu, Jiangang Zhang, Yingxiang Chang, Jianning Yu, and Xinlei An. "Control of Hopf Bifurcation in Autonomous System Based on Washout Filter." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/482351.
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In order to further understand a Lorenz-like system, we study the stability of the equilibrium points and the existence of Hopf bifurcation by center manifold theorem and normal form theory. More precisely, we designed a washout controller such that the equilibriumE0undergoes a controllable Hopf bifurcation, and by adjusting the controller parameters, we delayed Hopf bifurcation phenomenon of the equilibriumE+. Besides, numerical simulation is given to illustrate the theoretical analysis. Finally, two possible electronic circuits are given to realize the uncontrolled and the controlled systems.
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Rabbani, Muhammad Junaid, and Attaullah Y. Memon. "Trajectory Tracking and Stabilization of Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robot Using Recursive Integral Backstepping Control." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161992.
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In this paper, a generalized nontriangular normal form is presented to facilitate designing a recursive integral backstepping control for the class of underactuated nonholonomic systems, i.e., wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) that perform posture stabilization and trajectory tracking in environments without obstacles. Based on the differential geometry theory, we develop a multiple input multiple output (MINO) generalization of normal form using the input-output feedback linearization technique. Then, the change of variables (diffeomorphism) transform the state-space model of WMR, incorporating both kinematic and dynamic models into nontriangular normal form. As a result, the system dynamics can be represented as internal and external dynamics. The nonlinear internal dynamics of WMR pose serious challenges to design a suitable controller due to its internal dynamics being not minimum phase and non-strict feedback form structure. The proposed backstepping controller is designed in two steps. First, a standard integral backstepping controller is designed to stabilize the robot’s orientation angle. Then, a recursive integral backstepping control technique is applied to achieve asymptotic convergence of position error to zero. Hence, both asymptotic posture stabilization and trajectory tracking are achieved in semi-global regions, except the nonzero initial condition of the orientation angle. The asymptotic stability of the entire closed-loop system is shown using the Lyapunov criteria.
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Lozovanu, Dmitrii, and Stefan Pickl. "On the Existence and Determining Stationary Nash Equilibria for Switching Controller Stochastic Games." Contributions to Game Theory and Management 14 (2021): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu31.2021.21.
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In this paper we consider the problem of the existence and determining stationary Nash equilibria for switching controller stochastic games with discounted and average payoffs. The set of states and the set of actions in the considered games are assumed to be finite. For a switching controller stochastic game with discounted payoffs we show that all stationary equilibria can be found by using an auxiliary continuous noncooperative static game in normal form in which the payoffs are quasi-monotonic (quasi-convex and quasi-concave) with respect to the corresponding strategies of the players. Based on this we propose an approach for determining the optimal stationary strategies of the players. In the case of average payoffs for a switching controller stochastic game we also formulate an auxiliary noncooperative static game in normal form with quasi-monotonic payoffs and show that such a game possesses a Nash equilibrium if the corresponding switching controller stochastic game has a stationary Nash equilibrium.
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Stepnova, A. I., S. M. Stepanov, V. V. Borsoeva, and V. A. Borsoev. "Analysis of effectiveness of the program of joined air traffic controlles and pilotes training." Civil Aviation High Technologies 22, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-5-32-42.
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Training of cadets-air traffic controllers and cadets-pilots is an integral part of the training, which allows you to form the skills of quick and correct decision-making in different types of situations. For the air traffic controller, these are exercises to solve conflict situations with aircraft in the area of their responsibility, solving problems in normal flight conditions, in unfavorable atmospheric conditions and in the non-routine situations in flight. For the pilots, solutions to the problems are reduced to the rapid decisionmaking on aircraft control in normal flight conditions, adverse atmospheric conditions and non-routine situations in flight. As you know, the work of air traffic controllers is associated with the work of pilots, but training in educational institutions takes place separately, resulting in gaps in knowledge of the specifics of the adjacent specialty, and, eventually, leads to errors. Optimization of the educational process is currently an urgent task. The program of joint training can act as an optimization tool. The program enables you to collaboratively practice the skills of fast decision-making, clearly to learn the specifics of the related specialties that will allow you to create a complete picture of the air situation. The program of joint training implies the joint operational logic simulator that combines two simulators. For the air traffic controller, this is a separate airspace area in the form of a sector, for the pilot it is the cockpit. Thus, the solution to the problems occurs sequentially from the air traffic controller to the pilot and vice versa, and the controller has the ability to observe the algorithm of the pilot's actions, and the pilot is able to monitor the algorithm of the controller's actions.
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Zhang, Zizhen, and Huizhong Yang. "Hopf Bifurcation Control in a Delayed Predator-Prey System with Prey Infection and Modified Leslie-Gower Scheme." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/704320.
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Hopf bifurcation of a delayed predator-prey system with prey infection and the modified Leslie-Gower scheme is investigated. The conditions for the stability and existence of Hopf bifurcation of the system are obtained. The state feedback and parameter perturbation are used for controlling Hopf bifurcation in the system. In addition, direction of Hopf bifurcation and stability of the bifurcated periodic solutions of the controlled system are obtained by using normal form and center manifold theory. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to show that the hybrid controller is efficient in controlling Hopf bifurcation.
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Zhang, Yandong, and S. C. Sinha. "Development of a Feedback Linearization Technique for Parametrically Excited Nonlinear Systems via Normal Forms." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2006): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2447190.
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The problem of designing controllers for nonlinear time periodic systems via feedback linearization is addressed. The idea is to find proper coordinate transformations and state feedback under which the original system can be (exactly or approximately) transformed into a linear time periodic control system. Then a controller can be designed to guarantee the stability of the system. Our approach is designed to achieve local control of nonlinear systems with periodic coefficients desired to be driven either to a periodic orbit or to a fixed point. The system equations are represented by a quasi-linear system containing nonlinear monomials with periodic coefficients. Using near identity transformations and normal form theory, the original close loop problem is approximately transformed into a linear time periodic system with unknown gains. Then by using a symbolic computation method, the Floquet multipliers are placed in the desired locations in order to determine the control gains. We also give the sufficient conditions under which the system is feedback linearizable up to the rth order.
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Han, Xiaobao, Zhenbao Liu, Huacong Li, and Xianwei Liu. "Output feedback controller design for polynomial linear parameter varying system via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 2017): 168781401769032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017690327.
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This article presents a new output feedback controller design method for polynomial linear parameter varying model with bounded parameter variation rate. Based on parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, the polynomial linear parameter varying system controller design is formulated into an optimization problem constrained by parameterized linear matrix inequalities. To solve this problem, first, this optimization problem is equivalently transformed into a new form with elimination of coupling relationship between parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, controller, and object coefficient matrices. Then, the control solving problem was reduced to a normal convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequalities constraint on a newly constructed convex polyhedron. Moreover, a parameter scheduling output feedback controller was achieved on the operating condition, which satisfies robust performance and dynamic performances. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the controller analysis and synthesis method are verified by the numerical simulation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Soares, Maria Valdenice Resende. "Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape/PB (1949-1957): educa??o redentora para ascens?o e controle social." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM EDUCA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21548.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape (1949-1957)- educa??o redentora para ascens?o e controle social ? um escrito hist?rico, que nascido no seio de um Programa de P?s - gradua??o em Educa??o, responde ao seu objetivo de pesquisa: compreender as pr?ticas escolares desenvolvidas ao longo da trajet?ria educacional desta institui??o. O nosso recorte temporal se justifica pelo tempo de funcionamento deste curso, de seu nascimento, que ocorre na cria??o do Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape (1o ciclo do ensino normal), pelo Decreto n?. 151, de 24 de mar?o de 1949 at? o seu t?rmino em 1957, pois, neste ano houve a conclus?o da ?ltima turma do Curso Normal Regional no munic?pio. A prefer?ncia dos discentes pelo curso ginasial instalado no ano de 1952 no Instituto Moderno (abrigo de outras institui??es, entre elas o Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape e o Gin?sio Mathias Freire) foi um dos fatores que levou o encerramento das atividades do curso de prepara??o de professoras para o ensino prim?rio. Dialogamos com referenciais que compreendem as realidades vividas como constru??es sociais complexas, um exerc?cio, que nos levou a busca de ind?cios para compor uma narrativa mais pr?xima poss?vel do real, do vivido neste espa?o educativo. A dimens?o do real aqui exposto est? ancorada na ideia difundida por Chartier (2009, 2013), o qual desloca a no??o de verdade por representa??o. Revelam-nos modos de ser e fazer a partir de intera??es m?ltiplas de indiv?duos que se interligam, segundo Elias (1970) numa configura??o social por grupos interdependentes. Cada movimento pressup?e alian?a, conflito, disputas dur?veis ou n?o na institui??o educativa e esta deve ser analisada, de acordo com Magalh?es (2004), por meio do estudo de uma polifonia em a??o, onde duas ou mais vozes se desenvolvem preservando a mesma textura sonora, neste caso, a mesma inten??o: a forma??o de professoras para o ensino prim?rio. Utilizamos fontes (n?o) oficiais (leis, of?cios, relat?rios, jornal, livros memorial?sticos e caderno de estudo) e oral e iconogr?fica cedidas por duas ex-alunas do curso. Identificamos nas leituras feitas a partir das fontes, duas categorias de an?lise: g?nero e cultura escolar. Desta feita, conclu?mos que a cria??o e instala??o do Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape, em 1949, foi um processo inicial de um movimento de renascimento econ?mico e cultural do munic?pio, desenvolvido por um grupo da elite social mamanguapense, destacando o car?ter redentor da educa??o, visto como um meio de ascens?o e controle social. Bem como, a forma??o de professoras prim?rias, imbu?das da fun??o social da mulher como esposa, m?e e professora respons?vel pelo bem estar da crian?a e do adulto, alegria da casa e seguran?a de uma p?tria forte.
Regional normal course of Mamanguape (1949-1957) - redemptive education to rise and social control is a historical writing, that born within a Post - Graduate Education, responds to your research objective: to understand the school practices developed throughout the educational trajectory of this institution. Our time record is justified by the running time of this course, of his birth, which occurs in the creation of Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape (1 of normal education cycle), by Decree no. 151 of 24 March 1949 until its end in 1957, because this year was the completion of the last class of the Regional Normal Course in the municipality. The preference of students for junior high school installed in 1952 at the Modern Institute (under other institutions, including the Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape and Gymnasium Mathias Freire) was one of the factors that prompted the closure of preparation course activities teachers for primary education. Dialogued with references which understand the realities experienced as complex social constructions, an exercise which led us to search for clues to compose one narrative closest as possible to the real, the lived in this educational area. The dimension of actual exposed here is anchored in the idea spread by Chartier (2009, 2013), which shifts the notion of truth by representation. They show us ways of being and doing from multiple interactions of individuals who are interconnected, according to Elias (1970) in a social configuration for interdependent groups. Every movement presupposes alliance, conflict, durable disputes or not in the educational institution and it should be analyzed, according to Magalh?es (2004), through the study of polyphony in action, where two or more voices develop preserving the same sound texture in this case, the same intention: the training of teachers for primary education. Use documents (not) official (laws, crafts, reports, newspaper, books and memoirs study book) and oral and iconographic source courtesy of two former students of the course. We identified in the readings taken from the sources, two analytical categories: gender and school culture. On this occasion, we conclude that the creation and installation of the Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape, in 1949, was an early process of economic and cultural revival movement of the city, developed by a group of mamanguapense social elite, emphasizing the redemptive character of education, It is seen as a means of ascent and social control. As well as the training of primary teachers, imbued with the social role of woman as wife, mother and teacher responsible for the welfare of the child and adult, joy of the house and security of a strong country.
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Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius de. "Cálculo numérico da forma normal de Floquet e aplicações em controle de sistemas dinâmicos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EABA-9DEHQY.
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This work presents a rigorous numerical method to compute the Floquet Normal Form X(t) = Q(t)etR for a given Fundamental Solution of a _??periodic Linear Di_erential Equation. This problem is replaced by solving an equation f(x) = 0 such that f : s ! s, is de_ned in a suitable Banach Space s. The Method aims to _nd an approximate solution _x to the equation f(x) = 0 and r > 0 such that there exists a point x_ 2 B(_x;01)(r) _ s, f(x_) = 0. The technique is based on the de_nition of an operator T : s ! s whose _xed points are solutions of the equation f(x) = 0. Thus, the numerical technique allows to calculate r so that T : B(_x;01)(r) ! B(_x;01)(r) is a contraction, providing conditions to applicate the Banach Fixed Point Theorem to ensure the existence of a _xed point of the operator T, and hence the existence of a solution to the equation f(x) = 0 in B(_x;01)(r). Radii Polinomials, presented in [11], [27] and [5], are used to compute r. In order to prevent a loss of accuracy due to rounding errors, we use interval arithmetic for performing the calculations. A MATLABR 2008 code is used to implement the numerical method described. It's also addressed the application of the Floquet Normal Form in the control of two classical dynamic systems, Forced Pendulum and Du_ng Oscillator. The goal is that the orbits of these systems become asymptotically close to a desired trajectory y : R ! R, lim t!1
[x (t) ?? y (t)] = 0. This problem is often replaced in Electrical Engineering by its linearized version, which leads to the use of Floquet Normal Form.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the Floquet theory and other results used in the rest of the work. Chapter 2 contains a description of the numerical method for calculating the Floquet normal form and its proof. Chapter 3 provides details of the method as a computational algorithm. Chapter 4 contains the application of Floquet normal form to the control of the Forced Pendulum and the Du_ng Oscillator, as previously mentioned. Appendices present concepts and auxiliary statements used throughout the work.
Key Words: Floquet Theory, Periodic Linear Systems, Rigorous Numerical Method, Radii Polinomials, Control.Este trabalho apresenta um método numérico rigoroso para calcular a Forma Normal de Floquet X(t) = Q(t)etR de uma solução. Fundamental de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias Lineares R-periódicas x0 = A(t)x, com A(t + ) = A(t) 8t 2 R. Este problema pode ser resolvido através da solução de uma equação do tipo f(x) = 0 em que f : s ! s, com s um espaco de Banach adequadamente definido. Dessa forma, o método apresentado neste trabalho busca obter uma solução aproximada x para f(x) = 0 e r > 0 tal que seja garantida a existência de x 2 B(x;01)(r) s com f(x) = 0. A técnica baseia-se na definição de um operador T : s ! s cujos pontos xos são soluçõess da equação f(x) = 0 e tal que T : B(x;01)(r) ! B(x;01)(r) seja uma contração, possibilitando a aplicação do Teorema do Ponto Fixo de Banach. Assim, garante-se a existência de ponto xo de T e, consequentemente, a existência de uma solução para f(x) = 0, em B(x;01)(r). Para calcular r é utilizada a técnica dos Polinmios Radii, apresentada em [11], [27] e [5]. Para a realização dos cálculos é aplicada a Aritmética de Intervalos, de forma a garantir que erros de arredondamento não comprometam o rigor do método. Um algoritmo escrito em MATLABR 2008 foi utilizado para implementação prática. São apresentados exemplos de aplicação da Forma Normal de Floquet no Controle de dois sistemas dinâmicos,o Pêndulo Forçado e o Oscilador Duffing. O objetivo é fazer com que órbitas desses sistemas se aproximem assintoticamente de uma trajetória periódica desejada y : R ! R, ou seja, limt!1[x (t) y (t)] = 0 . Esse problema é constantemente substitudo em Engenharia Elétrica por uma vers~ao linearizada, o que conduz da utilização da Forma Normal de Floquet. O algoritmo desenvolvido como implementação do método demonstrado no Capítulo 2 é utilizado para obter a forma normal de Floquet das matrizes fundamentais das equações obtidas no Capítulo 4. Embora trate-se de um problema de controle baseado numa aproximação linear, a aplicação de um algoritmo rigoroso serve como motivação de aplicação. O Capítulo 1 apresenta uma introdução da Teoria da Floquet e resultados utilizados no restante do trabalho. O Capítulo 2 contém a descrição do método numérico de cálculo da Forma Normal de Floquet e sua demonstração. O Capítulo 3 apresenta detalhes da implementação do método em um algoritmo computacional. O Capítulo 4 contém a aplicação da Forma Normal de Floquet ao controle do Pêndulo Forçado e do Oscilador Duffing, como citado anteriormente. Nos apêndices são apresentados conceitos e demonstrações auxiliares utilizadas ao longo do trabalho, inclusive uma generalização da Teoria de Floquet para uma classe de sistemas não lineares Palavras-chave: Teoria de Floquet, Sistemas Lineares Periódicos, Método Numérico Rigoroso, Polinômios Radii, Controle.
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Nesti, Maria Machado Mastrobuono. ""Vigilância epidemiológica e controle de infecção em área anexa a hospital: creche hospitalar"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-17082005-121432/.
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As creches estão relacionadas ao aumento do risco de doenças transmissíveis e programas de controle de infecção são necessários. Foi realizado estudo descritivo para identificar normas de controle de doenças em creches hospitalares do município de São Paulo. Rotina escrita para a lavagem de mãos foi encontrada em 36% e para a troca de fraldas em 24%. Havia luvas descartáveis em 68%, porém rotina escrita para o descarte de luvas usadas em 12% e instruções sobre precauções padrão em 28%. Normas para o afastamento por doença transmissível existiam em 16%. Treinamento padronizado em controle de infecção era oferecido em 12%. As creches hospitalares não possuem normas suficientes para reduzir a transmissão de doenças. Padronização dos procedimentos e regulamentação são necessárias para promover o controle de infeccçãoChild day-care centers (DCC) are known for the spread of infectious diseases. Standards for infection control in child care have been established worldwide. A study was conducted to obtain policies used to reduce disease in hospital day-care centers in São Paulo, Brazil. Written handwashing procedures were available at 36% and written instructions on diapering at 24%. Gloves were used in 68% but written disposal procedures were available in 12% and at 28% were instructions offered on standard precautions. A policy for exclusion due to communicable illness was obtained in 16%. Standard staff training on infection control was offered in only 12%. Hospital DCC's lack policies and routine procedures for reducing the spread of disease. Child care standards and regulation are needed in order to promote disease control
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Sánchez, Deza Fiorella, and Guardia Valeria Dauska Torres. "Propuesta de directiva sanitaria para prevenir, controlar y evitar la accesibilidad de medicamentos falsificados en el mercado peruano." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5561.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorAnaliza la situación actual de los países de la región y países desarrollados, como Estados Unidos, Canadá, España; así como los avances que vienen realizando la Autoridad Nacional de Medicamentos en cuanto a falsificación y distribución de productos farmacéuticos falsificados. Analiza la presencia de medicamentos falsificados en el mercado peruano, los tipos de falsificación más frecuente y las zonas de procedencia detectadas, en un período de seis años (del 2009 al 2014). Propone una directiva sanitaria que identifique, controle y evite la accesibilidad de los medicamentos falsificados a los pacientes. Para esto planteamos modificaciones documentarias a los trámites de autorizaciones sanitarias y la adopción de dispositivos y herramientas de control, individualizadas, para cada tipo de producto farmacéutico; considerando como acciones previas la necesaria modificación de la Ley 29549, el reglamento de registro de productos farmacéuticos y las buenas prácticas de dispensación.
Tesis
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Chen, Yahao. "Geometric analysis of differential-algebraic equations and control systems : linear, nonlinear and linearizable." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR04.
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Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous étudions les équations différentielles algébriques (en abrégé EDA) linéaires et les systèmes de contrôles linéaires associés (en abrégé SCEDA). Les problèmes traités et les résultats obtenus sont résumés comme suit : 1. Relations géométriques entre les EDA linéaires et les systèmes de contrôles génériques SCEDO. Nous introduisons une méthode, appelée explicitation, pour associer un SCEDO à n'importe quel EDA linéaire. L'explicitation d'une EDA est une classe des SCEDO, précisément un SCEDO défini, à un changement de coordonnées près, une transformation de bouclage près et une injection de sortie près. Puis nous comparons les « suites de Wong » d'une EDA avec les espaces invariants de son explicitation. Nous prouvons que la forme canonique de Kronecker FCK d'une EDA linéaire et la forme canonique de Morse FCM d'un SCEDO, ont une correspondance une à une et que leurs invariants sont liés. De plus, nous définissons l'équivalence interne de deux EDA et montrons sa particularité par rapport à l'équivalence externe en examinant les relations avec la régularité interne, i.e., l'existence et l'unicité de solutions. 2. Transformation d'un SCEDA linéaire vers sa forme canonique via la méthode d'explicitation avec des variables de driving. Nous étudions les relations entre la forme canonique par bouclage FCFB d'un SCEDA proposée dans la littérature et la forme canonique de Morse pour les SCEDO. Premièrement, dans le but de relier SCEDA avec les SCEDO, nous utilisons une méthode appelée explicitation (avec des variables de driving). Cette méthode attache à une classe de SCEDO avec deux types d'entrées (le contrôle original et le vecteur des variables de driving) à un SCEDA donné. D'autre part, pour un SCEDO linéaire classique (sans variable de driving) nous proposons une forme de Morse triangulaire FMT pour modifier la construction de la FCM. Basé sur la FMT nous proposons une forme étendue FMT et une forme étendue de FCM pour les SCEDO avec deux types d'entrées. Finalement, un algorithme est donné pour transformer un SCEDA dans sa FCFB. Cet algorithme est construit sur la FCM d'un SCEDO donné par la procédure d'explicitation. Un exemple numérique illustre la structure et l'efficacité de l'algorithme. Pour les EDA non linéaires et les SCEDA (quasi linéaires) nous étudions les problèmes suivants : 3. Explicitations, analyse externe et interne et formes normales des EDA non linéaires. Nous généralisons les deux procédures d'explicitation (avec ou sans variables de driving) dans le cas des EDA non linéaires. L'objectif de ces deux méthodes est d'associer un SCEDO non linéaire à une EDA non linéaire telle que nous puissions l'analyser à l'aide de la théorie des EDO non linéaires. Nous comparons les différences de l'équivalence interne et externe des EDA non linéaires en étudiant leurs relations avec l'existence et l'unicité d'une solution (régularité interne). Puis nous montrons que l'analyse interne des EDA non linéaire est liée à la dynamique nulle en théorie classique du contrôle non linéaire. De plus, nous montrons les relations des EDAS de forme purement semi-explicite avec les 2 procédures d'explicitations. Finalement, une généralisation de la forme de Weierstrass non linéaire FW basée sur la dynamique nulle d'un SCEDO non linéaire donné par la méthode d'explicitation est proposéeIn the first part of this thesis, we study linear differential-algebraic equations (shortly, DAEs) and linear control systems given by DAEs (shortly, DAECSs). The discussed problems and obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Geometric connections between linear DAEs and linear ODE control systems ODECSs. We propose a procedure, named explicitation, to associate a linear ODECS to any linear DAE. The explicitation of a DAE is a class of ODECSs, or more precisely, an ODECS defined up to a coordinates change, a feedback transformation and an output injection. Then we compare the Wong sequences of a DAE with invariant subspaces of its explicitation. We prove that the basic canonical forms, the Kronecker canonical form KCF of linear DAEs and the Morse canonical form MCF of ODECSs, have a perfect correspondence and their invariants (indices and subspaces) are related. Furthermore, we define the internal equivalence of two DAEs and show its difference with the external equivalence by discussing their relations with internal regularity, i.e., the existence and uniqueness of solutions. 2. Transform a linear DAECS into its feedback canonical form via the explicitation with driving variables. We study connections between the feedback canonical form FBCF of DAE control systems DAECSs proposed in the literature and the famous Morse canonical form MCF of ODECSs. In order to connect DAECSs with ODECSs, we use a procedure named explicitation (with driving variables). This procedure attaches a class of ODECSs with two kinds of inputs (the original control input and the vector of driving variables) to a given DAECS. On the other hand, for classical linear ODECSs (without driving variables), we propose a Morse triangular form MTF to modify the construction of the classical MCF. Based on the MTF, we propose an extended MTF and an extended MCF for ODECSs with two kinds of inputs. Finally, an algorithm is proposed to transform a given DAECS into its FBCF. This algorithm is based on the extended MCF of an ODECS given by the explication procedure. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the structure and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. For nonlinear DAEs and DAECSs (of quasi-linear form), we study the following problems: 3. Explicitations, external and internal analysis, and normal forms of nonlinear DAEs. We generalize the two explicitation procedures (with or without driving variable) proposed in the linear case for nonlinear DAEs of quasi-linear form. The purpose of these two explicitation procedures is to associate a nonlinear ODECS to any nonlinear DAE such that we can use the classical nonlinear ODE control theory to analyze nonlinear DAEs. We discuss differences of internal and external equivalence of nonlinear DAEs by showing their relations with the existence and uniqueness of solutions (internal regularity). Then we show that the internal analysis of nonlinear DAEs is closely related to the zero dynamics in the classical nonlinear control theory. Moreover, we show relations of DAEs of pure semi-explicit form with the two explicitation procedures. Furthermore, a nonlinear generalization of the Weierstrass form WE is proposed based on the zero dynamics of a nonlinear ODECS given by the explicitation procedure
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SILVA, Moisés Felipe Mello da. "Machine learning algorithms for damage detection in structures under changing normal conditions." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8993.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Estruturas de engenharia têm desempenhado um papel importante para o desenvolvimento das sociedades no decorrer dos anos. A adequada gerência e manutenção de tais estruturas requer abordagens automatizadas para o monitoramento de integridade estrutural (SHM) no intuito de analisar a real condição dessas estruturas. Infelizmente, variações normais na dinâmica estrutural, causadas por efeitos operacionais e ambientais, podem ocultar a existência de um dano. Em SHM, normalização de dados é frequentemente referido como o processo de filtragem dos efeitos normais com objetivo de permitir uma avaliação adequada da integridade estrutural. Neste contexto, as abordagens baseadas em análise de componentes principais e agrupamento de dados têm sido empregadas com sucesso na modelagem dessas condições variadas, ainda que efeitos normais severos imponham alto grau de dificuldade para a detecção de danos. Contudo, essas abordagens tradicionais possuem limitações sérias quanto ao seu emprego em campanhas reais de monitoramento, principalmente devido as restrições existentes quanto a distribuição dos dados e a definição de parâmetros, bem como os diversos problemas relacionados a normalização dos efeitos normais. Este trabalho objetiva aplicar redes neurais de aprendizado profundo e propor um novo método de agrupamento aglomerativo para a normalização de dados e detecção de danos com o objetivo de superar as limitações impostas pelos métodos tradicionais. No contexto das redes neurais profundas, o emprego de novos métodos de treinamento permite alcançar modelos com maior poder de generalização. Em contrapartida, o novo algoritmo de agrupamento não requer qualquer parâmetro de entrada e não realiza asserções quanto a distribuição dos dados, permitindo um amplo dominínio de aplicações. A superioridade das abordagens propostas sobre as disponíveis na literatura é atestada utilizando conjuntos de dados oriundos de dois sistemas de monitoramento instalados em duas pontes distintas: a ponte Z-24 e a ponte Tamar. Ambas as técnicas revelaram um melhor desempenho de normalização dos dados e classificação do que os métodos tradicionais, em termos de falsas-positivas e falsas-negativas indicações de dano, o que sugere a aplicabilidade dos métodos em cenários reais de monitoramento de integridade estrutural.
Engineering structures have played an important role into societies across the years. A suitable management of such structures requires automated structural health monitoring (SHM) approaches to derive the actual condition of the system. Unfortunately, normal variations in structure dynamics, caused by operational and environmental conditions, can mask the existence of damage. In SHM, data normalization is referred as the process of filtering normal effects to provide a proper evaluation of structural health condition. In this context, the approaches based on principal component analysis and clustering have been successfully employed to model the normal condition, even when severe effects of varying factors impose difficulties to the damage detection. However, these traditional approaches imposes serious limitations to deployment in real-world monitoring campaigns, mainly due to the constraints related to data distribution and model parameters, as well as data normalization problems. This work aims to apply deep neural networks and propose a novel agglomerative cluster-based approach for data normalization and damage detection in an effort to overcome the limitations imposed by traditional methods. Regarding deep networks, the employment of new training algorithms provide models with high generalization capabilities, able to learn, at same time, linear and nonlinear influences. On the other hand, the novel cluster-based approach does not require any input parameter, as well as none data distribution assumptions are made, allowing its enforcement on a wide range of applications. The superiority of the proposed approaches over state-of-the-art ones is attested on standard data sets from monitoring systems installed on two bridges: the Z-24 Bridge and the Tamar Bridge. Both techniques revealed to have better data normalization and classification performance than the alternative ones in terms of false-positive and false-negative indications of damage, suggesting their applicability for real-world structural health monitoring scenarios.
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Zschaeck, Sebastian, Monique Simon, Steffen Löck, Esther G. C. Troost, Kristin Stützer, Patrick Wohlfahrt, Steffen Appold, et al. "PRONTOX – proton therapy to reduce acute normal tissue toxicity in locally advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BioMed Central, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30184.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Primary radiochemotherapy with photons is the standard treatment for locally advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Acute radiation-induced side effects such as oesophagitis and radiation pneumonitis limit patients’ quality of life, and the latter can be potentially life-threatening. Due to its distinct physical characteristics, proton therapy enables better sparing of normal tissues, which is supposed to translate into a reduction of radiation-induced side effects.
Methods/design
This is a single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled, phase II clinical trial to compare photon to proton radiotherapy up to 66 Gy (RBE) with concomitant standard chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced-stage NSCLC. Patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to photon or proton therapy, and treatment will be delivered slightly accelerated with six fractions of 2 Gy (RBE) per week.
Discussion
The overall aim of the study is to show a decrease of early and intermediate radiation-induced toxicity using proton therapy. For the primary endpoint of the study we postulate a decrease of radiation-induced side effects (oesophagitis and pneumonitis grade II or higher) from 39 to 12%. Secondary endpoints are locoregional and distant failure, overall survival and late side effects.
Trial registration
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier NCT02731001 on 1 April 2016.
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Zschaeck, Sebastian, Monique Simon, Steffen Löck, Esther G. C. Troost, Kristin Stützer, Patrick Wohlfahrt, Steffen Appold, et al. "PRONTOX – proton therapy to reduce acute normal tissue toxicity in locally advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-219714.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Primary radiochemotherapy with photons is the standard treatment for locally advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Acute radiation-induced side effects such as oesophagitis and radiation pneumonitis limit patients’ quality of life, and the latter can be potentially life-threatening. Due to its distinct physical characteristics, proton therapy enables better sparing of normal tissues, which is supposed to translate into a reduction of radiation-induced side effects.
Methods/design
This is a single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled, phase II clinical trial to compare photon to proton radiotherapy up to 66 Gy (RBE) with concomitant standard chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced-stage NSCLC. Patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to photon or proton therapy, and treatment will be delivered slightly accelerated with six fractions of 2 Gy (RBE) per week.
Discussion
The overall aim of the study is to show a decrease of early and intermediate radiation-induced toxicity using proton therapy. For the primary endpoint of the study we postulate a decrease of radiation-induced side effects (oesophagitis and pneumonitis grade II or higher) from 39 to 12%. Secondary endpoints are locoregional and distant failure, overall survival and late side effects.
Trial registration
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier NCT02731001 on 1 April 2016.
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Biermann, Jeanette S. "Improving Cognition in Normally Aging Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation (Samatha) as a Treatment for Attentional Inhibitory Deficits." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310147941.
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Pugh, John. "A cluster randomised controlled trial comparing three prevention programmes for anxiety : FRIENDS (CBT), Concentration Programme (PCT) and curriculum as normal SEAL, as delivered to primary school classes in mainstream school." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16816.
Full textBooks on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Raine, Tim, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, and Simon Eccles. Endocrinology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199683819.003.0010.
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Hypoglycaemia emergencyHypoglycaemiaHyperglycaemia emergencyHyperglycaemiaSliding scalesDiabetes mellitusPituitary axisAdrenal diseaseThyroid diseaseCall for senior help early if patient deteriorating.• Blood glucose is normally >3.5mmol/l• Poorly controlled diabetics can have symptoms of hypoglycaemia with a glucose >3.5mmol/l.• Protect airway...
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Cleaver, Laura. Illuminated History Books in the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1272. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802624.001.0001.
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During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries texts about the recent and more distant past were produced in remarkable numbers in the lands controlled by the kings of England. This may be seen, in part, as a response to changing social and political circumstances in the wake of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The names of many of the twelfth- and thirteenth-century historians are well known, and they include Orderic Vitalis, William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon, Gerald of Wales, and Matthew Paris. Yet the manuscripts in which these works survive are also evidence for the involvement of many other people in the production of history, as patrons, scribes, and artists. This study focuses on history books of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries to examine what they reveal about the creation, circulation, and reception of history in this period. In particular, this research concentrates on illuminated manuscripts. These volumes represent an additional investment of time, labour, and resources, and combinations of text and imagery shed light on engagements with the past as manuscripts were copied at specific times and places. Imagery could be used to reproduce the features of older sources, but it was also used to call attention to particular elements of a text, and to impose frameworks onto the past. As a result the study of illuminated history books has the potential to change the way in which we see the medieval past and its historians.
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Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. A corte de Contas e Competência para Apreciação Incidental de Normas. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040800.
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Este livro traz à baila o exame da constitucionalidade, ao longo do tempo, demonstrando sua evolução histórica, bem como a apreciação da constitucionalidade pelos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros sob três óticas: análise intertemporal do controle de constitucionalidade; análise da situação fática atual; e análise de possível entendimento futuro, ante a recente decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (MS 35.410-DF) em relação à aplicação da Súmula 347/STF de 1963. A controvérsia instalada reside na problemática em saber se as Cortes de Contas podem realizar a apreciação da constitucionalidade, quando da tramitação de processos e de matérias atinentes às suas competências constitucionais e, em caso afirmativo, quais os limites que devem ser observados, a fim de não usurpação de competência dos poderes constituídos. O estudo deste livro conclui pela necessidade de fortalecimento do papel institucional do Tribunal de Contas na adoção de medidas assecuratórias a boa e regular aplicação de verbas públicas, atribuindo à Colenda Corte de Contas a manutenção da apreciação de leis e atos normativos do Poder Público, no caso concreto e de forma incidental, sendo por certo, não declarar, mas apenas afastar a aplicação das normas tidas por inconstitucionais, em obediência ao princípio da Supremacia da Constituição.
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Krywawych, Steve. Metabolic Acidosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0081.
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Hydrogen ion turnover in resting adults exceeds 500 mole/24 hours and maintenance of hydrogen ion balance is an essential requirement for normal cellular, organ and body function. A variety of mechanisms co-operate to ensure that the hydrogen concentration in plasma can be tightly controlled between 35 to 46 nano moles per litre and any deviation being rapidly compensated. Inherited metabolic diseases can to a variable degree impact to disturb this equilibrium. The underlying causes responsible for this outcome are disease dependent and may occur due to generation of overwhelming quantities of hydrogen per se, or at the level of renal reabsorption or generation of bicarbonate or due to tissue hypoxia resulting from either poor pulmonary or cardiac function.
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Biggar, Patrick, Hansjörg Rothe, and Markus Ketteler. Epidemiology of calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone disturbances in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0109_update_001.
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Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD), calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone are biomarkers of mortality and cardiovascular risk. Hyperphosphataemia is a prominent and pathophysiologically most plausible risk indicator. Calcium balance and load appear to be more important than serum concentrations. Parathyroid hormone is a less reliable marker with a relatively wide range extending above that applicable for a normal population especially when used as a singular laboratory parameter without additional assessment of bone metabolism, for example, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and bone biopsy. There is not a single prospective controlled hard-outcome study that provides us with unequivocal evidence that such an isolated laboratory parameter-based treatment approach will lead to significant clinical improvements. As CKD-MBD is complex, clinical decisions would be made easier by informative prospective trials.
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Rammah, Mayyasa, Francesca Rochais, and Robert G. Kelly. Incorporation of myocardial progenitors at the arterial pole of the heart. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0007.
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The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). It is formed by progressive addition of myocardium from epithelial progenitor cells in the second heart field (SHF). SHF cells contribute successively to the right ventricle and proximal and distal outflow tract myocardial walls which, after neural crest influx and cardiac septation, give rise to myocardium at the base of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. SHF cells are characterized by continued proliferation and differentiation delay controlled by an array of transcriptional regulators and signalling pathways which define the SHF progenitor cell niche in pharyngeal mesoderm. Failure of normal SHF deployment leads to a shortened outflow tract and failure of ventriculo-arterial alignment, resulting in a spectrum of conotruncal CHD. We discuss the origins of the SHF in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm and focus on the mechanisms driving SHF deployment, summarizing current understanding of critical signalling pathways and transcription factors.
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Hermans, Greet. Effects of Insulin and Glycaemic Management on Neuromuscular Function. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0042.
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Observational studies have indicated an association between stress-induced hyperglycaemia and neuromuscular complications in critically ill patients. This observation is further supported by electrophysiological findings from two randomized controlled trials which suggested that titrating insulin therapy to achieve a normal blood glucose has a beneficial effect on neuromuscular function, associated with a reduced need for prolonged mechanical ventilation. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms explaining these clinical observations are not well understood. There is no clear evidence that insulin has anabolic effects on muscle nor that it provides mitochondrial protection. It is possible that the effect of insulin therapy reflects a protective action on peripheral nerves; however, this hypothesis awaits confirmation. Overall, the potential benefits on neuromuscular function must be considered in light of large-scale randomized trials which demonstrate equivalent or worse outcome in critically ill patients managed with intensive insulin therapy.
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Taveira, Valéria Cristina Barbosa. A Responsabilidade Fiscal do Presidente da República pela má Gestão do Erário. Editora Reflexão Acadêmica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51497/reflex.0000424.
Full textAbstract:
O livro “A Responsabilidade Fiscal do Presidente da República pela má gestão do Erário, publicado pela editora Reflexão Acadêmica” é um convite para a discussão jurídica sobre a responsabilidade do administrador público perante os gastos públicos e as implicações legais da má gestão do Erário. Dessa forma, os capítulos que compõem o livro suscitam a discussão sócio jurídica do tema, bem como procura abordar a base financeiras das normas estabelecidas na Constituição Federal de 1988, das leis infraconstitucionais – especialmente a Lei Complementar n° 101, de 4 de Maio de 2000 que estabelece normas de finanças públicas voltadas para a responsabilidade na gestão fiscal e lei n° 4.320 de 17 de março de 1974, que estatui normas gerais de Direito Financeiro para elaboração e controle dos orçamentos e balanços da União, dos Estados, dos Munícipios e do Distrito Federal. A relevância deste livro evidencia-se na compreensão do gerenciamento do dinheiro público realizado pelo administrador público federal e os postulados orçamentários consagrados pelo ordenamento jurídico vigente, especialmente no que tange a moralidade administrativa e legalidade, no intuito de fiscalizar e controlar o gerenciamento dos recursos públicos pelo chefe do executivo federal. Para tanto, buscou-se despertar a atenção para coibir e punir toda e qualquer ação ou/e omissão que caracterize ofensa ao Erário. Pois, o dano advindo da má administração do Erário pelo Presidente da República acarreta perdas irreversíveis a sociedade brasileira, que necessita da salubridade nas contas públicas, e consequentemente maiores recursos financeiros para satisfação do bem comum por meio de implementações de políticas públicas como educação e saúde, por exemplo. Afinal, discutir sobre finanças públicas é sobretudo assunto de imperativo nacional, pois, a forma como o dinheiro público é gerenciado está intimamente relacionado a implementação de políticas sociais para todos. E, que o mal gerenciamento dos recursos públicos prejudica todos os cidadãos brasileiros, pois, independentemente de classe social, orientação sexual e religião, todos estamos no mesmo barco, todos dependeremos de algum momento de alguma política pública. É necessário despertar o interesse da população para questões envolvendo finanças públicas, mal gerenciamento do Erário, responsabilidade fiscal, para que todos tenham a percepção do impacto desse assunto no cotidiano brasileiro. Esse livro é um convite para debater o assunto que a todo momento está presente em nossas vidas, para quem sabe, um dia, podermos mudar a realidade fiscal de nosso país.
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Laws, Edward R., Whitney W. Woodmansee, and Jay S. Loeffler. Pituitary tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Pituitary tumours are common, usually benign, lesions ordinarily well controlled by multidisciplinary management. The several subtypes of pituitary tumours reflect the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, and each may require a complex sequential programme of treatment. Modern laboratory evaluation and imaging is capable of extensively characterizing the tumours, and is the basis for the recommended therapies. The tumours that produce excess active levels of pituitary hormones may be amenable to very satisfactory medical therapy, which reduces hormone levels towards normal, and often causes shrinkage of the tumour. Surgical management is appropriate for tumours that are not producing excess hormones but by nature of their bulk can compress the optic nerves and cause visual loss. These tumours respond well to surgical management, which is usually done using the transnasal, transsphenoidal route of access. Patients with persistent or recurrent tumours and persistent hormonal excess can be effectively treated with modern techniques of radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach with specialists from different fields concentrating on the patient and the problem offers a comprehensive and effective solution for most patients with pituitary disorders.
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Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Disorders of acid–base balance. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0178.
Full textAbstract:
Normal metabolism results in a net acid production of approximately 1 mmol/kg day−1. Physiological pH is regulated by excretion of this acid load (as carbon dioxide) by the kidneys and the lungs. A series of buffers in the body reduces the effects of metabolic acids on body and urine pH. For acid–base disorders to occur, there must be excessive intake (or loss) of acid (or base) or, alternatively, an inability to excrete acid. For these changes to result in a substantially abnormal pH, the various buffer systems must been overwhelmed. The pH scale is logarithmic, so relatively small changes in pH signify large differences in hydrogen ion concentration. Most minor perturbations in acid–base balance are asymptomatic, as small changes in acid or base levels are rapidly controlled through consumption of buffers or through changes in respiratory rate. Alterations in renal acid excretion take some time to occur. Only when these compensatory mechanisms are overwhelmed do symptoms related to changes in pH develop. This chapter reviews the causes and consequences of acid–base disorders.
Book chapters on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Krener, Arthur J. "Nonlinear Controller Design Via Approximate Normal Forms." In Signal Processing, 139–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7095-6_7.
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Cohen de Lara, M., and J. Lévine. "Local Identification of Nonlinear Systems, Bifurcations and Normal Forms." In Analysis of Controlled Dynamical Systems, 316–25. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3214-8_28.
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Krener, Arthur J., and Wei Kang. "Degree Two Normal Forms of Control Systems and the Generalized Legendre Clebsch Condition." In Analysis of Controlled Dynamical Systems, 295–303. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3214-8_26.
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Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "Regression and correlation analyses." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 119–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0011.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on regression and correlation analyses. Correlation and regression analyses are used to test whether, and to what degree, variation in one continuous variable is related to variation in another continuous variable. In correlation analysis, there are no control over either variable, they are just data collected, and indeed, even if two variables are strongly correlated, they may not be influencing one another but simply both being affected by a third which perhaps was not measured. The initial assumption of the analysis is that the values of both variables are drawn from a normal distribution. In regression analysis one of the variables are being controlled seeing whether changing its value affects the other. The variable being controlled is the explanatory variable (sometimes called the treatment) and the other is the response variable. As the explanatory variables are being controlled, they are probably going to be set at specified values or set increments and are therefore not normally distributed. There may be more than one explanatory variable. If all the explanatory variables are categorical then the regression is called an ANOVA.
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Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "Regression and correlation analyses." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 119–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0119.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on regression and correlation analyses. Correlation and regression analyses are used to test whether, and to what degree, variation in one continuous variable is related to variation in another continuous variable. In correlation analysis, there are no control over either variable, they are just data collected, and indeed, even if two variables are strongly correlated, they may not be influencing one another but simply both being affected by a third which perhaps was not measured. The initial assumption of the analysis is that the values of both variables are drawn from a normal distribution. In regression analysis one of the variables are being controlled seeing whether changing its value affects the other. The variable being controlled is the explanatory variable (sometimes called the treatment) and the other is the response variable. As the explanatory variables are being controlled, they are probably going to be set at specified values or set increments and are therefore not normally distributed. There may be more than one explanatory variable. If all the explanatory variables are categorical then the regression is called an ANOVA.
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Thomsen, A. R., M. R. Saalmann, N. H. Nicolay, A. L. Grosu, and Peter Vaupel. "Temperature Profiles and Oxygenation Status in Human Skin and Subcutis Upon Thermography-Controlled wIRA-Hyperthermia." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_5.
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AbstractEfficacy of wIRA immediately followed by hypofractionated radiation in the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer and other superficial tumors is documented. A prerequisite for the additive and synergistic radiosensitizing properties of hyperthermia is the assessment of resulting temperatures of tumors and normal tissues. To assess the role of hyperthermia in reversing tumor hypoxia through its effects on local blood flow, oxygen profiles in skin, subcutis, and superficial tumors have been additionally assessed during mild hyperthermia (39–43 °C).Upon wIRA-exposure, skin surface temperatures increased from 35 to 41.6 °C within 5–12 min. Maximum temperatures of 42 °C were found in subepidermal regions, with a steady decline in deeper layers reaching 40.1 °C at a depth of 20 mm. Heating was accompanied by increases in tissue oxygen tensions. Effective hyperthermia levels (≥ 39 °C) were established in depths up to 25 mm. Following wIRA exposure, tissue temperatures returned to pretreatment levels within a few minutes, with the decay time depending on tissue depths, while pO2 values remained on therapeutical levels for 30–60 min postheat, outlasting the period needed for subsequent radiotherapy. Monitoring in the upper dermis layer of skin and recurrent breast cancers confirmed the improved O2 status during wIRA exposure and outlasted the time needed for subsequent radiotherapy.
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Pillonetto, Gianluigi, Tianshi Chen, Alessandro Chiuso, Giuseppe De Nicolao, and Lennart Ljung. "Regularization for Linear System Identification." In Regularized System Identification, 135–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95860-2_5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRegularization has been intensively used in statistics and numerical analysis to stabilize the solution of ill-posed inverse problems. Its use in System Identification, instead, has been less systematic until very recently. This chapter provides an overview of the main motivations for using regularization in system identification from a “classical” (Mean Square Error) statistical perspective, also discussing how structural properties of dynamical models such as stability can be controlled via regularization. A Bayesian perspective is also provided, and the language of maximum entropy priors is exploited to connect different form of regularization with time-domain and frequency-domain properties of dynamical systems. Some numerical examples illustrate the role of hyper parameters in controlling model complexity, for instance, quantified by the notion of Degrees of Freedom. A brief outlook on more advanced topics such as the connection with (orthogonal) basis expansion, McMillan degree, Hankel norms is also provided. The chapter is concluded with an historical overview on the early developments of the use of regularization in System Identification.
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Schaeffner, Maximilian, Christopher M. Gehb, Robert Feldmann, and Tobias Melz. "Forward vs. Bayesian Inference Parameter Calibration: Two Approaches for Non-deterministic Parameter Calibration of a Beam-Column Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 173–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_15.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMathematical models are commonly used to predict the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures or to synthesize controllers for active systems. Calibrating the model parameters to experimental data is crucial to achieve reliable and adequate model predictions. However, the experimental dynamic behavior is uncertain due to variations in component properties, assembly and mounting. Therefore, uncertainty in the model parameters can be considered in a non-deterministic calibration. In this paper, we compare two approaches for a non-deterministic parameter calibration, which both consider uncertainty in the parameters of a beam-column model. The goal is to improve the model prediction of the axial load-dependent lateral dynamic behavior. The investigation is based on a beam-column system subjected to compressive axial loads used for active buckling control. A representative sample of 30 nominally identical beam-column systems characterizes the variations in the experimental lateral axial load-dependent dynamic behavior. First, in a forward parameter calibration approach, the parameters of the beam-column model are calibrated separately for all 30 investigated beam-column systems using a least squares optimization. The uncertainty in the parameters is obtained by assuming normal distributions of the separately calibrated parameters. Second, in a Bayesian inference parameter calibration approach, the parameters are calibrated using the complete sample of experimental data. Posterior distributions of the parameters characterize the uncertain dynamic behavior of the beam-column model. For both non-deterministic parameter calibration approaches, the predicted uncertainty ranges of the axial load-dependent lateral dynamic behavior are compared to the uncertain experimental behavior and the most accurate results are identified.
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Daniel, Ryszard A., Timothy M. Paulus, Linda Petrick, and Yves Masson. "Handling Accidents and Calamities in Hydraulic Structures – Objectives of Pianc Working Group WG-241." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 440–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_39.
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AbstractWhile the prior objective of hydraulic structures (such as lock gates, navigation river weirs and storm surge barriers) is to remain in service, engineers must also be capable to adequately handle their failures. Despite the ongoing development of expertise, design tools, norms, and construction methods, there are still a considerable number of accidents and calamities that happen to such structures. In addition, the losses and costs of damages as result of these so-called “upset events” are growing due to the growing complexity of waterborne infrastructure, intensity of navigation or other utilization of inland waters.Accidents to hydraulic structures happen not only when their loads exceed the design strength. Other possible causes are, for example, unforeseen conditions, lack of inspection and maintenance, improper operation, and navigation errors. These other causes of accidents are often less controlled by technical norms than the relations between loads and resistances of structures. In addition, there are often combinations and complex sequences of events that may lead to disastrous results.So far, various PIANC Working Groups have provided guidance for preventing accidents from happening, e.g. PIANC (2019) and PIANC (2020), including the accidents resulting from ship collision, e.g. PIANC (2014) and PIANC (2018). While this should remain the engineer’s main concern, there is also a demand for more guidance how to effectively handle the accidents and calamities that actually happen. This is a matter of combined effort of not only engineers. Nevertheless, engineers can and should contribute to the solutions in such cases. Therefore, a new PIANC InCom Working Group has been established to investigate the existing practices in handling accidents and calamities; and to provide guidance in this field for professionals involved. This paper presents the objectives of the Working Group, selected investigation approach, some preliminary investigation results, and the envisioned contents of the final report.
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Luiz Naves, Fabiano. "Normal Boundary Intersection Applied to Controllers in Environmental Controls." In Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83662.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Zhang, Yandong, and S. C. Sinha. "Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems With Time Periodic Coefficients Via Normal Form Theory." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34831.
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For most complex dynamic systems, it is not possible to measure all system states in a direct fashion. Thus for dynamic characterization and controller design purposes, it is often necessary to design an observer in order to get an estimate of those states which cannot be measured directly. In this work, the problem of designing state observers for free systems with time periodic coefficients is addressed. For linear time-periodic systems, it is shown that the observer design problem is the duality of the controller design problem. The state observer is constructed using a symbolic controller design method developed earlier using the Chebyshev expansion technique. For the nonlinear time periodic systems, the observer design is investigated using the Poincare´ normal form technique. The local identity observer is designed by using a set of near identity coordinate transformations which can be constructed in the ascending order of nonlinearity. These observer design methods are implemented using a symbolic computational algorithm and several illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the methods.
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Subramanian, Susheelkumar C., and Sangram Redkar. "Stability Analysis and Controller Design for Linear Time Periodic Systems Using Normal Forms." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3132.
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Abstract The investigation of stability bounds for linear time periodic systems have been performed using various methods in the past. The Normal Forms technique has been predominantly used for analysis of nonlinear equations. In this work, the authors draw comparisons between the Floquet theory and Normal Forms technique for a linear system with time periodic coefficients. Moreover, the authors utilize the Normal Forms technique to transform a linear time periodic system to a time-invariant system by using near identity transformation, similar to the Lyapunov Floquet (L-F) transformation. The authors employ an intuitive state augmentation technique, modal transformation and near identity transformations to enable the application of time independent Normal Forms directly without the use of detuning or book-keeping parameter. This method provides a closed form analytical expression for the state transition matrix with the elements as a function of time. Additionally, stability analysis is performed on the transformed system and the resulting transitions curves are compared with that of numerical simulation results. Furthermore, a linear feedback controller design is discussed based on the stability bounds and the implementation of an effective feedback controller for an unstable case is discussed. The theory is validated and verified using numerical simulations of temporal variation of a simple linear Mathieu equation.
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Lang, Haoxiang, Ying Wang, and Clarence W. de Silva. "Trajectory Control of an ASEA IRb-6 Manipulator With Singularity Configuration." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42716.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the trajectory control of an AESA RIb-6 manipulator is addressed. In order to solve the problem of singular inverse kinematics, the normal form approach is employed for computing the joint trajectories from the desired trajectory in the task space. The basic idea of the normal form approach is introduced, and the detailed algorithm is presented and verified. Based on the inverse kinematics results, a group of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are developed to control the manipulator trajectory. Simulation results are presented which show that the PID controllers are unable to track the desired trajectory if measurement noise exists. In order to overcome the noise problem, an LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controller is designed for the trajectory control of the manipulator. The simulation results show that the LQG controller exhibits excellent tracking performance and robustness in the presence of measurement noise.
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Zhang, Jingting, Chengzhi Yuan, and Paolo Stegagno. "Adaptive NN Learning Control of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Uncertain Systems." In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8923.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper addresses the problem of composite tracking control and adaptive learning for discrete-time nonlinear uncertain systems in a general normal form. This problem specifies a joint objective of stable tracking control and accurate learning/identifying the associated ideal control strategy simultaneously, in which the “ideal control strategy” is defined to be the tracking controller structure that is typically adopted when the controlled plant’s nonlinear dynamics are precisely known. To this end, a novel adaptive neural network (NN) learning controller is proposed based on the deterministic learning theory. Compared with existing adaptive NN control approaches, the proposed controller is capable of rendering not only stable tracking control, but also accurate learning/identifying the ideal tracking control strategy. Moreover, the learned knowledge can be effectively represented and stored as constant NN models, whose weights are guaranteed to converge to ideal/optimal values. Based on this, an experience-based controller is also constructed to achieve desired tracking control performance without online adaptation, leading to reduced computational cost and improved controlled performance. Numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Hoover, Carl D., Kevin B. Fite, George D. Fulk, and Donald W. Holmes. "Myoelectric Torque Control of an Active Transfemoral Prosthesis During Stair Ascent." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5998.
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This paper presents experimental results of a myoelectric impedance controller designed for reciprocal stair ascent with an active-knee powered transfemoral prosthesis. The controller is modeled from non-amputee (normal) motion capture data, estimating knee torque with a linear two-state (stance/swing) impedance control form that includes proportional myoelectric torque control. The normal gait model is characterized by small stiffness and damping in both stance and swing, a low angle set-point in stance, a high angle set-point in swing, and proportional myoelectric control in stance but not swing. Clinical tests with a single unilateral transfemoral amputee indicate good performance of the controller; however, subject feedback suggests a reduction in the extensive myoelectric torque parameter and the need for constant, balanced myoelectric torque parameters in both stance and swing. Average prosthesis knee joint kinetics from a stairwell test using the amputee-tuned controller compare favorably with non-amputee gait data.
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Liu, Meng-Kun, and C. Steve Suh. "Control of Friction-Induced Instability in Simultaneous Time-Frequency Domain." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65382.
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A flexible cantilever beam pressed against a rigid rotating disk is explored for studying self-excited friction-induced vibrations that are inherently unstable due to alternating friction conditions and decreasing dynamic friction characteristics. Because no linearization or approximation scheme is followed, the genuine characteristics of the system including stick-slip and inherent discontinuities are fully disclosed without any distortion. It is shown that the system dynamics is stable only within certain ranges of the relative velocity. With increasing relative velocity, the response loses its stability with diverging amplitude and broadening spectrum. A novel time-frequency controller is subsequently applied to negate the chaotic vibrations at high relative velocity by adjusting the applied normal force. The controller design requires no closed-form solution or transfer function, hence allowing the underlying features of the discontinuous system to be fully established and properly controlled. The inception of chaotic response at high relative velocity is effectively denied to result in a restoration of the system back to a relatively stable state of limit-cycle.
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Dávid, Alexandra, and S. C. Sinha. "Some Ideas on the Local Control of Nonlinear Systems With Time-Periodic Coefficients." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8381.
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Abstract In this paper ideas on local control of linear and nonlinear time-periodic systems are presented. Our first goal is to stabilize the system far away from bifurcation points. In this case, the classical linear state feedback stabilization based on pole placement is generalized such that it is applicable to time-periodic systems. The linear state-feedback controller design involves computation of the fundamental solution matrix of the system in a symbolic form as function of the control parameters. Next, we focus on the bifurcation control of time-periodic systems. When the linearized system is in a critical case of stability (i.e. when it has Floquet multipliers on the unit circle of the complex plane) and the critical modes are uncontrollable in the linear sense, then a purely nonlinear state-feedback controller is designed to stabilize the equilibrium at the bifurcation point and ensure the stability of the bifurcated nontrivial solution. When the linearized system is linearly controllable, then it is shown that an appropriately chosen linear state-feedback control can also modify the nonlinear features of the bifurcations, such as stability or size of the limit cycles or quasi-periodic limit sets. The control techniques are based on a series of transformations that convert the system into a time-invariant form. First, the Lyapunov-Floquet transformation is used to make the linear part of the periodic system time-invariant. Then, time-periodic center manifold reduction and time-dependent normal form theory are applied to obtain the simplest nonlinear form of a system undergoing bifurcation. For most codimension one bifurcations the normal form is completely time-invariant and therefore, it is a rather simple task to choose the appropriate control gains. These ideas are illustrated by an example of a parametrically excited simple pendulum undergoing symmetry breaking bifurcation.
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Nylén, P., I. Fransson, A. Wretland, and N. Mårtensson. "Coating Thickness Prediction and Robot Trajectory Generation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0693.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Off-line programming (OLP) techniques can be used to reduce programming time and to be able to better control process parameters, such as spray distance and nozzle orientation. This paper presents a simulation method to predict coating thickness build-up on complex geometries. Discretization in time and space is done by using a finite difference model. The model starts with an empirical deposit rate function, which calculates the thickness on a flat surface normal to the spray cone. This model is integrated into a commercial robot simulation program (IGRIP) where discretization of a free form surface into planar polygons is carried out. The thickness is then calculated by stepping the process in increments of time. A robot trajectory is calculated, maintaining spraying distance and normal orientation to the surface. This trajectory is optimized numerically giving a collision free path and a uniform coating thickness. Devices are then programmed, the programs are translated and finally downloaded to the robot controller.
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Bahr, Matthew, Farhan Gandhi, Michael McKay, and Robert Niemiec. "Post-Motor-Failure Performance of a Robust Feedback Controller for a UAM-Scale Hexacopter." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16783.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of two flight controllers is compared for a 1200 lb hexacopter following single rotor failure. A nominal flight controller is tuned to meet handling qualities specifications for the healthy aircraft in forward flight, and a robust two-plant controller is tuned to also satisfy the same set of handling qualities specifications following front rotor failure. This two-plant controller is tuned to simultaneously meet the handling qualities for the healthy and failed aircraft. In both cases, the flight controllers do not utilize knowledge of the rotor failure. The performance of the controllers is compared for single rotor failures of the front and side rotors. For front rotor failures, the two plant controller decreases the peak pitch deviation by 3.5◦ and provides a more well damped response, but does not provide significant benefit during side rotor failure. Various maneuvers are also performed for each controller to evaluate the cost for using the robust controller in normal operation. The largest torque difference, a pitch doublet, requires 8 ft-lb additional torque for the two-plant controller, while the peak torque requirement for maneuvers occurs during a yaw rate step, where about 140 ft-lb of torque is required for the nominal controller (143 ft-lb for the two-plant). For both controllers, recovery following rotor failure requires substantially more torque (280 ft-lb) than the different maneuvers considered. Therefore, motor sizing is limited by rotor failure cases, not normal operation.
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Zhang, Ruiqing, Shubo Zhang, Yali Xue, Yu Hu, and Wendi Wang. "Lower-Order Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Frequency Analysis of High Order System." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67127.
Full textAbstract:
Linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) has been paid much attention in academic and industrial fields. However, the selection of the order for LADRC controller design and the choice of parameter b0 in system correcting are key facts which are still being faced by designer. In this paper, an effective method about how to select the order of LADRC and the parameter b0 is given first. Frequency analysis often used by engineers for designing controller, the normal transfer function form of LADRC is constructed, so the loop gain, close loop transfer function and disturbance transfer function to a general high-order system are presented and can be easily used. The example shows that the proposed method is easy to apply and verified the lower-order LADRC can obtain the better effective than PID and high-order LADRC, and the frequency response analysis of a thermal power plant is elaborated and the simulation result indicates that LADRC has a strong robustness against the large variation of parameters in the plant mode.
Reports on the topic "Controller normal form"
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Kirichek, Galina, Vladyslav Harkusha, Artur Timenko, and Nataliia Kulykovska. System for detecting network anomalies using a hybrid of an uncontrolled and controlled neural network. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3743.
Full textAbstract:
In this article realization method of attacks and anomalies detection with the use of training of ordinary and attacking packages, respectively. The method that was used to teach an attack on is a combination of an uncontrollable and controlled neural network. In an uncontrolled network, attacks are classified in smaller categories, taking into account their features and using the self- organized map. To manage clusters, a neural network based on back-propagation method used. We use PyBrain as the main framework for designing, developing and learning perceptron data. This framework has a sufficient number of solutions and algorithms for training, designing and testing various types of neural networks. Software architecture is presented using a procedural-object approach. Because there is no need to save intermediate result of the program (after learning entire perceptron is stored in the file), all the progress of learning is stored in the normal files on hard disk.
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Singh, Niranjan. A Method of Sound Wave Diffusion in Motor Vehicle Exhaust Systems. Unitec ePress, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.072.
Full textAbstract:
It is common practice among young vehicle owners to modify the exhaust system of their vehicle to reduce exhaust backpressure with the perception that the output power increases. In the process of backpressure reduction, the output noise (Whakapau) of the vehicle also increases correspondingly. The conflict of interest that arises from modified vehicle exhaust systems and the general public is well publicised. This prototype was designed to meet the demands of exhaust back pressure reduction while at the same time mitigate the sound output of the vehicle. The design involves lining a cylindrical pipe with common glass marbles which is normally used for playing. The marbles are made of a sustainable material as it does not erode when exposed to exhaust gases and it is easily recycled. The prototype muffler is much smaller in size when compared to conventional mufflers. All tests were done in a simulated controlled environment and data collated using approved New Zealand Transport Agency testing regime. It has to be noted that the test focus was noise mitigation and not comprehensive engine performance testing. The results of the test prove a reduction of sound levels, however more testing needs to be undertaken with varying annulus depth, marble sizes and arrangements and engine loads.
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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood, and Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.
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Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace, and George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.
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Hodges, Thomas K., and David Gidoni. Regulated Expression of Yeast FLP Recombinase in Plant Cells. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574341.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research activities in both our laboratories were directed toward development of control of the FLP/frt recombination system for plants. As described in the text of the research proposal, the US lab has been engaged in developing regulatory strategies such as tissue-specific promoters and the steroid-inducible activation of the FLP enzyme while the main research activities in Israel have been directed toward the development and testing of a copper-regulated expression of flp recombinase in tobacco (this is an example of a promoter activation by metal ions). The Israeli lab hat additionally completed experiments of previous studies regarding factors affecting the efficiency of recombinase activity using both a gain-of-function assay (excisional-activation of a gusA marker) and loss of function assay (excision of a rolC marker) in tobacco. Site-specific recombinase systems, in particular the FLP/frt and R/RS systems of yeast and the Cre/lox system of bacteriophage P1, have become an essential component of targeted genetic transformation procedures both in animal and plant organisms. To provide more flexibility in transgene excisions by the recombinase systems as well as gene targeting, and to widen possible applications, the development of controlled or regulated recombination systems is highly desirable and was therefore the subject of this research proposal. There are a few possible mechanisms to regulate expression of a recombinase system. They include: 1) control of the recombination system by having the target sites (e.g. frt) in one plant and the flp recombinase gene in another, and bringing the two together by cross fertilization. 2) regulation of promoter activities by external stimuli such as temperature, chemicals, metal ions, etc. 3) regulation of promoter activities by internal signals, i.e. cell- or tissue-specific, or developmental regulation. 4) regulation of enzyme activity by providing cofactors essential for biochemical reactions to take place such as steroid molecules in conjunction with a steroid ligand-binding protein (domains). During the course of this research our major emphasis have been focused toward studying the feasibility of hybrid seed production in Arabidopsis, using FLP/frt. Male-sterility was induced using the antisence of a pollen- and tapetum-specific gene, bcp1, isolated from Arabidopsis. The sterility inducing gene was flanked by frt sites. Upon cross pollination of flowers of male-sterile plants with pollen from FLP-containing plants, viable seeds were produced, and the progeny hybrid plants developed normally. The major achievement from this work is the first demonstration of using a site-specific recombinase to restore fertility in male-sterile plants (see attached paper, Luo et al., Plant J 2000; 23:423-430). The implication from this finding is that site-specific recombination systems can be applied in crop plants as a useful alternative method for hybrid seed production.
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
Full textAbstract:
Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.