Journal articles: 'Controlled fusion'

1

Batani, D., and G. Gorini. "Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion." Reviews in Advanced Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/rase.2013.1032.

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2

Hunt, S. E. "Controlled nuclear fusion." Annals of Nuclear Energy 14, no. 4 (January 1987): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4549(87)90019-3.

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3

Berrios, Eduardo, Martin Gruebele, and Peter G. Wolynes. "Quantum controlled fusion." Chemical Physics Letters 683 (September 2017): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.045.

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4

Gong, BingXin. "The light controlled fusion." Annals of Nuclear Energy 62 (December 2013): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2013.06.007.

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5

Seidel, Thorsten, Philipp Johannes Artmann, Ioannis Gkekas, Franziska Illies, Anna-Lena Baack, and Martina Viefhues. "Microfluidic Single-Cell Study on Arabidopsis thaliana Protoplast Fusion—New Insights on Timescales and Reversibilities." Plants 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2024): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020295.

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Plant cells are omnipotent and breeding of new varieties can be achieved by protoplast fusion. Such fusions can be achieved by treatment with poly(ethylene glycol) or by applying an electric field. Microfluidic devices allow for controlled conditions and targeted manipulation of small batches of cells down to single-cell analysis. To provide controlled conditions for protoplast fusions and achieve high reproducibility, we developed and characterized a microfluidic device to reliably trap some Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts and induced cell fusion by controlled addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, with a molecular weight of 6000). Experiments were conducted to determine the survival rate of isolated protoplasts in our microfluidic system. Afterward, PEG-induced fusion was studied. Our results indicate that the following fusion parameters had a significant impact on the fusion efficiency and duration: PEG concentration, osmolality of solution and flow velocity. A PEG concentration below 10% led to only partial fusion. The osmolality of the PEG fusion solution was found to strongly impact the fusion process; complete fusion of two source cells sufficiently took part in slightly hyper-osmotic solutions, whereas iso-osmotic solutions led to only partial fusion at a 20% PEG concentration. We observed accelerated fusion for higher fluid velocities. Until this study, it was common sense that fusion is one-directional, i.e., once two cells are fused into one cell, they stay fused. Here, we present for the first time the reversible fusion of protoplasts. Our microfluidic device paves the way to a deeper understanding of the kinetics and processes of cell fusion.

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Assila, Nadia, Samir Kabbaj, and Brahim Moalige. "Controlled K-Fusion Frame for Hilbert Spaces." Moroccan Journal of Pure and Applied Analysis 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjpaa-2021-0011.

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AbstractK-fusion frames are a generalization of fusion frames in frame theory. In this paper, we extend the concept of controlled fusion frames to controlled K-fusion frames, and we develop some results on the controlled K-fusion frames for Hilbert spaces, which generalize some well known results of controlled fusion frame case. Also we discuss some characterizations of controlled Bessel K-fusion sequences and of controlled K-fusion frames. Further, we analyze stability conditions of controlled K-fusion frames under perturbation.

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7

Engelmann, F. "Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49, no. 7 (June 14, 2007): 1111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/49/7/b01.

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8

Hoang, Gia Tuong, and Jean Jacquinot. "Controlled fusion: the next step." Physics World 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/17/1/26.

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9

Cranberg, Lawrence. "Controlled fusion and arms control." American Journal of Physics 54, no. 1 (January 1986): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14757.

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10

GHOSH, PRASENJIT, and TAPAS K. SAMANTA. "Weaving Continuous Controlled K-g-Gusion Frames in Hilbert Spaces." Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics 50, no. 1 (2024): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/kgjmat2601.115g.

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We introduce the notion of weaving continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame in Hilbert space. Some characterizations of weaving continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame have been presented. We extend some of the recent results of woven K-g-fusion frame and controlled K-g-fusion frame to woven continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame. Finally, a perturbation result of woven continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame has been studied.

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11

Ni, Yuan Min, and Lei Li. "Garbage Incineration and Intelligent Fusion Strategy of Secondary Pollution Control." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.323.

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To control the secondary atmosphere pollution produced by exhaust gas in process of garbage incineration, the paper presented a sort of intelligence fusion control strategy in city garbage incineration. In the paper, aimed at the running properties of garbage incinerator and combined the mechanism of garbage combustion and contamination generation, it studied the characteristic of controlled combustion process, proposed a sort of fusion control strategy based on human simulated intelligence for controlled process, constructed the corresponding control algorithm. Finally it took a two order model of combustion process with large lag as an example that is very nearly similar to controlled process characteristic of garbage incineration, and made the contrast experiment of digital simulation respectively by the Smith optimal controller and the presented fusion control algorithm by means of the platform of MATLAB. The response curve of simulation shows that the fusion control algorithm is better than by Smith optimal controller in control effect of anti-jamming performance and control index obviously. The experiment results show that the proposed fusion control strategy is reasonable, feasible and effective for secondary pollution control, and it is high in control precision, better in dynamical and steady quality, and very strong in robustness.

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12

GHOSH, PRASENJIT, and Tapas Kumar Samanta. "Construction of continuous controlled K-g-fusion frames in Hilbert spaces." Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 28, no. 1 (June 3, 2024): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2024.28.04.

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We present the notion of continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame in a Hilbert space which is generalization of discrete controlled K-g-fusion frame.We discuss some characterizations of a continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame. A relationship between a continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame and a quotient operator has been studied. Finally, stability of a continuous controlled g-fusion frame has been described.

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13

Brukman, Nicolas G., Berna Uygur, Benjamin Podbilewicz, and Leonid V. Chernomordik. "How cells fuse." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 5 (April 1, 2019): 1436–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201901017.

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Cell–cell fusion remains the least understood type of membrane fusion process. However, the last few years have brought about major advances in understanding fusion between gametes, myoblasts, macrophages, trophoblasts, epithelial, cancer, and other cells in normal development and in diseases. While different cell fusion processes appear to proceed via similar membrane rearrangements, proteins that have been identified as necessary and sufficient for cell fusion (fusogens) use diverse mechanisms. Some fusions are controlled by a single fusogen; other fusions depend on several proteins that either work together throughout the fusion pathway or drive distinct stages. Furthermore, some fusions require fusogens to be present on both fusing membranes, and in other fusions, fusogens have to be on only one of the membranes. Remarkably, some of the proteins that fuse cells also sculpt single cells, repair neurons, promote scission of endocytic vesicles, and seal phagosomes. In this review, we discuss the properties and diversity of the known proteins mediating cell–cell fusion and highlight their different working mechanisms in various contexts.

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14

Krauz, V. I., Yurii V. Martynenko, N. Yu Svechnikov, Valentin P. Smirnov, V. G. Stankevich, and L. N. Khimchenko. "Nanostructures in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices." Physics-Uspekhi 53, no. 10 (January 11, 2011): 1015–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0180.201010c.1055.

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15

Drachev, V. P., Yu I. Krasnikov, and P. A. Bagryansky. "Dispersion interferometer for controlled fusion devices." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 4 (April 1993): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144170.

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16

Krauz, V. I., Yu V. Martynenko, N. Yu Svechnikov, V. P. Smirnov, V. G. Stankevich, and L. N. Khimchenko. "Nanostructures in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 180, no. 10 (2010): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0180.201010c.1055.

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17

Bartalucci, Sergio. "Polarized fuel for controlled thermonuclear fusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 402 (July 2017): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.03.019.

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18

RAHMAN, H. U., P. NEY, F. J. WESSEL, and N. ROSTOKER. "Staged pinch for controlled thermonuclear fusion." Journal of Plasma Physics 58, no. 2 (August 1997): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377897005813.

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Staged pinch implosions provide a means to couple energy to a small-diameter fibre on an extremely fast time scale, circumventing the limitations of conventional pinches. In this scheme the generator current initially traverses an intermediate hollow plasma shell, which compresses onto the fibre placed coaxially and transfers the current to the fibre with a significantly reduced risetime. The results are impressive, since the delivered peak power is increased by several orders of magnitude, the coupling efficiency improves, and the most dangerous plasma instabilities that commonly plague high-density/high-temperature pinches are eliminated. This technique can be fielded on both fast and slow generators (i.e. tens of nanoseconds to microseconds), making it feasible to extend the concept to a wide range of presently assembled systems. Staging may therefore present a dramatically new means of pulsed-energy conversion, which could find many applications. In addressing the requirements for thermonuclear fusion in a staged Z pinch, our preliminary calculations based on zero-D models suggest the potential for a significant thermonuclear burn with generator currents of the order of a few megaamperes and one microsecond risetime. Studies are actively underway at various places around the world (England, France, Germany and Russia) as well as in the USA (UCI/UCR) to investigate different aspects of staged pinching and its applications, particularly those leading to controlled thermonuclear fusion.

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19

Haines, M. G. "Fifty years of controlled fusion research." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/5/001.

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20

Mayhua-Lopez, E., V. Gomez-Verdejo, and A. R. Figueiras-Vidal. "Real AdaBoost With Gate Controlled Fusion." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 23, no. 12 (December 2012): 2003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2219318.

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21

Gruber, R. "Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in Controlled Fusion Experiments." Europhysics News 22, no. 5 (1991): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/19912205093.

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22

Freeman, R. R., C. Anderson, J. M. Hill, J. King, R. Snavely, S. Hatchett, M. Key, et al. "High-intensity lasers and controlled fusion." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 26, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00246-x.

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23

Ney, P., H. U. Rahman, F. J. Wessel, and N. Rostoker. "Staged Z pinch for controlled fusion." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 2 (February 2001): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339230.

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24

Hashmi, M., and G. Staudenmaier. "Energy Balance of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion." Physica Scripta 62, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.062a00268.

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25

Engelmann, U., M. Glugla, H. E. Noppel, R. D. Penzhorn, E. Willin, and H. J. Ache. "Analytical chemistry in controlled thermonuclear fusion." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 193, no. 2 (June 1995): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039892.

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26

Hasegawa, Akira, Hiroyuki Daido, Masayuki Fujita, Kunioki Mima, Masakatsu Murakami, Sadao Nakai, Katsunobu Nishihara, Kiyohisa Terai, and Chiyoe Yamanaka. "Magnetically insulated inertial fusion: A new approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion." Physical Review Letters 56, no. 2 (January 13, 1986): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.56.139.

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27

Rossafi, Mohamed, and Fakhr-dine Nhari. "Controlled K−g−Fusion Frames in Hilbert C∗−Modules." International Journal of Analysis and Applications 20 (January 3, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-20-2022-1.

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Controlled frames have been the subject of interest because of its ability to improve the numerical efficiency of iterative algorithms for inverting the frame operator. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of controlled g−fusion frame and controlled K−g−fusion frame in Hilbert C∗−modules and we give some properties. Also, we study the perturbation problem of controlled K−g−fusion frame. Moreover, an illustrative example is presented to support the obtained results.

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28

Hacker, Robert. "Cervical Interbody Fusion Cage: Controlled Prospective Study." Neurosurgery 43, no. 3 (September 1998): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199809000-00195.

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29

Risselada, Herre Jelger, Giovanni Marelli, Marc Fuhrmans, Yuliya G. Smirnova, Helmut Grubmüller, Siewert Jan Marrink, and Marcus Müller. "Line-Tension Controlled Mechanism for Influenza Fusion." PLoS ONE 7, no. 6 (June 28, 2012): e38302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038302.

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30

Hendry, John. "The scientific origins of controlled fusion technology." Annals of Science 44, no. 2 (March 1987): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033798700200161.

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31

Noda, N. "Plasma-surface interactions in controlled fusion devices." Nuclear Fusion 32, no. 11 (November 1992): 2045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/32/11/418.

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32

Grosman, A. "Plasma-surface interactions in controlled fusion devices." Nuclear Fusion 35, no. 8 (August 1995): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/35/8/413.

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33

McCracken, G. M. "Plasma surface interactions in controlled fusion devices." Nuclear Fusion 37, no. 3 (March 1997): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/3/413.

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34

Brambilla, Marco. "Fundamentals of Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion." Nuclear Fusion 38, no. 4 (April 1998): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/4/701.

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35

MIYAHARA, Akira. "Plasma wall interactions in controlled fusion devices." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 27, no. 3 (1985): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.27.196.

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36

Ma, Mingming, and Dennis Bong. "Controlled Fusion of Synthetic Lipid Membrane Vesicles." Accounts of Chemical Research 46, no. 12 (July 23, 2013): 2988–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar400065m.

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37

Boström, Gunnar, João G. M. Gonçalves, and Vítor Sequeira. "Controlled 3D Data Fusion using Error-bounds." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 63, no. 1 (January 2008): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.07.011.

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38

Roth, E., and J. Veaux. "Controlled thermal nuclear fusion and analytical problems." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 322, no. 2 (January 1985): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00517650.

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39

McClintock, Peter V. E. "Controlled thermonuclear fusion, by Jean Louis Bobin." Contemporary Physics 58, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2016.1246479.

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40

D�chs, D., and T. Hellsten. "Status and prospects of controlled thermonuclear fusion." Hyperfine Interactions 82, no. 1-4 (1993): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01027993.

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41

Chen, Min, Victor C. M. Leung, and Shiwen Mao. "Directional Controlled Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks." Mobile Networks and Applications 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2009): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11036-008-0133-6.

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42

Atzeni, Stefano. "Light for controlled fusion energy: A perspective on laser-driven inertial fusion." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 109, no. 4 (February 1, 2015): 45001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/109/45001.

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43

Schmoellerl, Johannes, Inês Amorim Monteiro Barbosa, Thomas Eder, Tania Brandstoetter, Luisa Schmidt, Barbara Maurer, Selina Troester, et al. "CDK6 is an essential direct target of NUP98 fusion proteins in acute myeloid leukemia." Blood 136, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003267.

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Abstract Fusion proteins involving Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) are recurrently found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. Lack of mechanistic insight into NUP98-fusion–dependent oncogenic transformation has so far precluded the development of rational targeted therapies. We reasoned that different NUP98-fusion proteins deregulate a common set of transcriptional targets that might be exploitable for therapy. To decipher transcriptional programs controlled by diverse NUP98-fusion proteins, we developed mouse models for regulatable expression of NUP98/NSD1, NUP98/JARID1A, and NUP98/DDX10. By integrating chromatin occupancy profiles of NUP98-fusion proteins with transcriptome profiling upon acute fusion protein inactivation in vivo, we defined the core set of direct transcriptional targets of NUP98-fusion proteins. Among those, CDK6 was highly expressed in murine and human AML samples. Loss of CDK6 severely attenuated NUP98-fusion–driven leukemogenesis, and NUP98-fusion AML was sensitive to pharmacologic CDK6 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify CDK6 as a conserved, critical direct target of NUP98-fusion proteins, proposing CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors as a new rational treatment option for AML patients with NUP98-fusions.

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44

Menon, Sree Devi, Zalina Osman, Kho Chenchill, and William Chia. "A positive feedback loop between Dumbfounded and Rolling pebbles leads to myotube enlargement in Drosophila." Journal of Cell Biology 169, no. 6 (June 13, 2005): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200501126.

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In Drosophila, myoblasts are subdivided into founders and fusion-competent myoblasts (fcm) with myotubes forming through fusion of one founder and several fcm. Duf and rolling pebbles 7 (Rols7; also known as antisocial) are expressed in founders, whereas sticks and stones (SNS) is present in fcm. Duf attracts fcm toward founders and also causes translocation of Rols7 from the cytoplasm to the fusion site. We show that Duf is a type 1 transmembrane protein that induces Rols7 translocation specifically when present intact and engaged in homophilic or Duf–SNS adhesion. Although its membrane-anchored extracellular domain functions as an attractant and is sufficient for the initial round of fusion, subsequent fusions require replenishment of Duf through cotranslocation with Rols7 tetratricopeptide repeat/coiled-coil domain-containing vesicles to the founder/myotube surface, causing both Duf and Rols7 to be at fusion sites between founders/myotubes and fcm. This implicates the Duf–Rols7 positive feedback loop to the occurrence of fusion at specific sites along the membrane and provides a mechanism by which the rate of fusion is controlled.

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45

Wang, Junqiao. "Nuclear fusion and nuclear fusion materials." Theoretical and Natural Science 43, no. 1 (July 26, 2024): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240889.

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This paper introduces the basic principle of nuclear fusion and the development status of tokamak device, which leads to the core of this paper-nuclear fusion materials. The reason why this paper studies nuclear fusion materials is that up to now, nuclear fusion materials are one of the key difficulties in realizing controlled nuclear fusion. In this paper, the introduction of nuclear fusion materials is mainly the classification of nuclear fusion materials, such as structural materials, first wall materials, etc., and the main materials used in various parts at present. After that, the reasons why nuclear fusion materials are difficult to realize are also introduced. For example, at the point of temperature, the temperature of plasma during nuclear fusion reaction can reach tens of millions of degrees Celsius, while the melting point of tungsten, the known material with the highest melting point, is only over 3,000 degrees Celsius. In addition, the first wall material of nuclear fusion needs high energy resistance.

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46

Ma, Zijian. "The Progress and the State-of-Art Facilities of Inertial Confinement Fusion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012057.

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Abstract Contemporarily, as a tool to address issue of energy shortage, controlled fusion has become a hot technology. Although there are ways to achieve controlled fusion, it is currently not efficient enough to produce electricity based on power plant. The topic of this paper is to introduce a method of controlled nuclear fusion derived from laser technology, inertial confinement fusion. This research analyzed from plenty of angles in terms of its development in recent years. Firstly, the article proposes the concept of fusion and inertial confinement fusion. The main contradiction is the usage of compression to achieve high ignition points. In fact, the goal of this paper is to try to reach this ignition point in various ways. After demonstrating the basic concept of the inertial confinement fusion, mathematical expression for ignition and the principle of laser, it is found that its efficiency can be increased in several ways, i.e., amplifying lasers, adding magnetic field, and shock ignition that changes the waveform. It’s still not up to production standards, but inertial confinement fusion does give a path to achieve the goal. These results shed light on guiding further exploration for ICF as well as predict the future development direction.

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47

Niu, Shengjie. "Nuclear fusion introduction and artificial fusion status." Theoretical and Natural Science 28, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/28/20230314.

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Nuclear fusion, a process that has the potential to revolutionize the world's energy landscape, is the subject of extensive research due to its promise of providing a clean and safe energy source. The article outlines the essential principles of nuclear fusion and the chronology of its discovery, from early predictions to its initial realization in the first half of the 20th century. It also highlights the extreme requirements and challenges associated with fusion. Furthermore, the article introduces two natural nuclear fusion reactions: thermonuclear fusion and pycnonuclear fusion. In the final section, the focus shifts to artificial nuclear fusion, discussing the progression from the uncontrollable hydrogen bomb to efforts toward controlled atomic fusion since the mid-20th century. The article emphasizes various nuclear fusion configurations (Tokamak, Stellarator, ICF, Magnetic mirrors, and z-pinch) that have been proposed globally, detailing their features, strengths, and weaknesses.

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48

Hoshi, Masato, Antoine Reginensi, Matthew S. Joens, James A. J. Fitzpatrick, Helen McNeill, and Sanjay Jain. "Reciprocal Spatiotemporally Controlled Apoptosis Regulates Wolffian Duct Cloaca Fusion." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 29, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2017040380.

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The epithelial Wolffian duct (WD) inserts into the cloaca (primitive bladder) before metanephric kidney development, thereby establishing the initial plumbing for eventual joining of the ureters and bladder. Defects in this process cause common anomalies in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). However, developmental, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of WD-cloaca fusion are poorly understood. Through systematic analysis of early WD tip development in mice, we discovered that a novel process of spatiotemporally regulated apoptosis in WD and cloaca was necessary for WD-cloaca fusion. Aberrant RET tyrosine kinase signaling through tyrosine (Y) 1062, to which PI3K- or ERK-activating proteins dock, or Y1015, to which PLCγ docks, has been shown to cause CAKUT-like defects. Cloacal apoptosis did not occur in RetY1062F mutants, in which WDs did not reach the cloaca, or in RetY1015F mutants, in which WD tips reached the cloaca but did not fuse. Moreover, inhibition of ERK or apoptosis prevented WD-cloaca fusion in cultures, and WD-specific genetic deletion of YAP attenuated cloacal apoptosis and WD-cloacal fusion in vivo. Thus, cloacal apoptosis requires direct contact and signals from the WD tip and is necessary for WD-cloacal fusion. These findings may explain the mechanisms of many CAKUT.

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49

Pozwolski, A. E. "Fusion by hypervelocity impact." Laser and Particle Beams 4, no. 2 (May 1986): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600001725.

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The conversion of kinetic energy into heat is a possible approach to get the very high temperatures needed for controlled fusion. Various techniques leading to hypervelocities are considered. Some particular geometries and constitutions of liners allowing velocity amplification and superheating are described.

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50

James Touryan, Kenell. "Controlled Fusion: Magnetic and Inertial, Promises and Pitfalls." American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 9, no. 6 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20200906.12.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Controlled fusion'

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