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Journal articles on the topic 'Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Green, Joshua M., Juno Lawrance, and Jun Jiao. "Controlled Fabrication of High-Yield CdS Nanostructures by Compartment Arrangement." Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/107943.

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High-yield, high-purity CdS nanostructures were synthesized in a turf-like configuration using an improved vapor-liquid-solid method. To increase the yield, a compartment arrangement was employed. The specific kind of nanostructure fabricated was found to be directly dependent on the temperature in the compartment. Along with the high-yield growth of CdS nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts, intertwined structures were also observed, and the electron field emission property of the intertwined structures was investigated and compared with that of other type of nanostructures. Photoluminescence measurements at 10 K showed a peak emission from the CdS nanostructures at 485 nm.

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2

Han, Guoxing, Lihan Xu, and Ze Liu. "Controlled fabrication of hierarchical metal nanostructures." Materials Letters 241 (April 2019): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.075.

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3

Aseev, Aleksander Leonidovich, Alexander Vasilevich Latyshev, and Anatoliy Vasilevich Dvurechenskii. "Semiconductor Nanostructures for Modern Electronics." Solid State Phenomena 310 (September 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.310.65.

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Modern electronics is based on semiconductor nanostructures in practically all main parts: from microprocessor circuits and memory elements to high frequency and light-emitting devices, sensors and photovoltaic cells. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with ultimately low gate length in the order of tens of nanometers and less is nowadays one of the basic elements of microprocessors and modern electron memory chips. Principally new physical peculiarities of semiconductor nanostructures are related to quantum effects like tunneling of charge carriers, controlled changing of energy band structure, quantization of energy spectrum of a charge carrier and a pronounced spin-related phenomena. Superposition of quantum states and formation of entangled states of photons offers new opportunities for the realization of quantum bits, development of nanoscale systems for quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Advanced growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapour epitaxy, atomic layer deposition as well as optical, electron and probe nanolithography for nanostructure fabrication have been widely used. Nanostructure characterization is performed using nanometer resolution tools including high-resolution, reflection and scanning electron microscopy as well as scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy. Quantum properties of semiconductor nanostructures have been evaluated from precise electrical and optical measurements. Modern concepts of various semiconductor devices in electronics and photonics including single-photon emitters, memory elements, photodetectors and highly sensitive biosensors are developed very intensively. The perspectives of nanostructured materials for the creation of a new generation of universal memory and neuromorphic computing elements are under lively discussion. This paper is devoted to a brief description of current achievements in the investigation and modeling of single-electron and single-photon phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures, as well as in the fabrication of a new generation of elements for micro-, nano, optoelectronics and quantum devices.

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4

Wei, Jian, Xuchun Song, Chunli Yang, and Michael Z. Hu. "1D Nanostructures: Controlled Fabrication and Energy Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/674643.

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5

Unno, Noriyuki, and Jun Taniguchi. "3D nanofabrication using controlled-acceleration-voltage electron beam lithography with nanoimprinting technology." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 3-4 (June 26, 2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0004.

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Abstract Nanostructures have unique characteristics, such as large specific surface areas, that provide a wide range of engineering applications, such as electronics, optics, biotics, and thermal and fluid dynamics. They can be used to downsize many engineering products; therefore, new nanofabrication techniques are strongly needed to meet this demand. A simple fabrication process with high throughput is necessary for low-cost nanostructures. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have attracted much attention because they dramatically opened up new fields for applications. However, conventional techniques for fabricating 3D nanostructures contain many complex processes, such as multiple patterning lithography, metal deposition, lift-off, etching, and chemical-mechanical polishing. This paper focuses on controlled-acceleration-voltage electron beam lithography (CAV-EBL), which can fabricate 3D nanostructures in one shot. The applications of 3D nanostructures are introduced, and the conventional 3D patterning technique is compared with CAV-EBL and various 3D patterning techniques using CAV-EBL with nanoimprinting technology. Finally, the outlook for next-generation devices that can be fabricated by CAV-EBL is presented.

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6

Yang, Hai Feng, Yan Qing Wang, Lei Liu, Liang Fang, and Shi Rong Ge. "Experimental Investigation on Nanoprocessing of Stainless Steel Surface." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.987.

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Fabrication of friction reducing and anti-wear surface with regular micro/nanostructures is a hotspot of surface engineering studies nowadays. We present a simple and easily-controlled method for fabricating stainless steel-based nanostructures surface. First, by strictly controlling the number of femtosecond laser pulses, two kinds of nanostructures are fabricated. Then, forming mechanisms of nanodots and ripple structure are analyzed. Lastly, we obtained uniform large-area nanodots and ripple structures by adjusting the repetition rate of laser focus accurately. Therefore, this technique will provide a good method to investigate the tribological properties of controllable nanotexture surface.

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7

Lee, Won-Kyu, Shuangcheng Yu, Clifford J. Engel, Thaddeus Reese, Dongjoon Rhee, Wei Chen, and Teri W. Odom. "Concurrent design of quasi-random photonic nanostructures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (July 31, 2017): 8734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704711114.

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Nanostructured surfaces with quasi-random geometries can manipulate light over broadband wavelengths and wide ranges of angles. Optimization and realization of stochastic patterns have typically relied on serial, direct-write fabrication methods combined with real-space design. However, this approach is not suitable for customizable features or scalable nanomanufacturing. Moreover, trial-and-error processing cannot guarantee fabrication feasibility because processing–structure relations are not included in conventional designs. Here, we report wrinkle lithography integrated with concurrent design to produce quasi-random nanostructures in amorphous silicon at wafer scales that achieved over 160% light absorption enhancement from 800 to 1,200 nm. The quasi-periodicity of patterns, materials filling ratio, and feature depths could be independently controlled. We statistically represented the quasi-random patterns by Fourier spectral density functions (SDFs) that could bridge the processing–structure and structure–performance relations. Iterative search of the optimal structure via the SDF representation enabled concurrent design of nanostructures and processing.

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8

Rajkumar, K., K. Rajavel, D. C. Cameron, and R. T. Rajendra Kumar. "Controlled fabrication and electrowetting properties of silicon nanostructures." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1199340.

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9

Beton, P. H., A. Blackburn, B. R. A. Neves, and D. J. Robbins. "Fabrication of Si nanostructures by controlled sidewall oxidation." Solid-State Electronics 40, no. 1-8 (January 1996): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(95)00262-6.

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10

Pennelli, Giovanni, and Bruno Pellegrini. "Fabrication of silicon nanostructures by geometry controlled oxidation." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 104502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2722252.

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11

Gao, Feng, Qingyi Lu, and Sridhar Komarneni. "Gluconate controls one-dimensional growth of tellurium nanostructures." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0064.

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In this paper, we show for the first time that by using sodium gluconate-assisted solution route, fine, uniform, and single-crystalline tellurium nanorods and nanowires can be synthesized. Sodium gluconate is a green and safe chemical with strong chelating function, and this property may be useful in the fabrication of nanomaterials, especially one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials. The sodium gluconate acts as both reducing agent and morphology-directing agent and by adjusting the experimental parameters, the lengths and the diameters of the tellurium nanorods could be further controlled in a certain range. This method is a simple and economical route for 1D nanostructure fabrication and might bring about a novel concept for the synthesis of 1D nanostructures with bio-ligand, sodium gluconate.

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12

Gutiérrez-Fernández, Edgar, Tiberio Ezquerra, Aurora Nogales, and Esther Rebollar. "Straightforward Patterning of Functional Polymers by Sequential Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051123.

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Laser-based methods have demonstrated to be effective in the fabrication of surface micro- and nanostructures, which have a wide range of applications, such as cell culture, sensors or controlled wettability. One laser-based technique used for micro- and nanostructuring of surfaces is the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). LIPSS are formed upon repetitive irradiation at fluences well below the ablation threshold and in particular, linear structures are formed in the case of irradiation with linearly polarized laser beams. In this work, we report on the simple fabrication of a library of ordered nanostructures in a polymer surface by repeated irradiation using a nanosecond pulsed laser operating in the UV and visible region in order to obtain nanoscale-controlled functionality. By using a combination of pulses at different wavelengths and sequential irradiation with different polarization orientations, it is possible to obtain different geometries of nanostructures, in particular linear gratings, grids and arrays of nanodots. We use this experimental approach to nanostructure the semiconductor polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the ferroelectric copolymer poly[(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene] (P(VDF-TrFE)) since nanogratings in semiconductor polymers, such as P3HT and nanodots, in ferroelectric systems are viewed as systems with potential applications in organic photovoltaics or non-volatile memories.

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13

Zhang, Na, Wenbo Bu, Yunpeng Xu, Danyu Jiang, and Jianlin Shi. "Surfactant-Assisted Growth of Novel La2(MoO4)3 Dendritic Nanostructures via Facile Hydrothermal Processes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 1468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.369.

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In this paper, we report for the first time the successful synthesis of novel uniform La2(MoO4)3 dendritic single-crystalline nanostructures via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal approach. The dendritic nanostructure is composed of trunks with length of several micrometers and plenty of side branches. Both of the trunks and the branches are composed of nanoflakes with thickness of 30–50 nm. The branches are oriented nearly parallel to each other and form an angle of about 45° to the trunk. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) acts as a morphology-directing agent, and by adjusting the experimental parameters, the microstructure of the processed materials could be further controlled in a certain range. The action mechanism of the surfactant has been proposed. This method is a simple and economical route for nanostructure fabrication and might provide a practical reference to the controlled synthesis of other micro-architectures. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of La2(MoO4)3:Eu dendritic nanostructures were studied.

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14

Kim, Jong Uk, Sori Lee, and Tae-il Kim. "Recent Advances in Unconventional Lithography for Challenging 3D Hierarchical Structures and Their Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7602395.

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In nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanofabrication is critical. Among the required processes for nanofabrication, lithography is one of core issues. Although conventional photolithography with recent remarkable improvement has contributed to the industry during the past few decades, fabrication of 3-dimensional (3D) nanostructure is still challenging. In this review, we summarize recent advances for the construction of 3D nanostructures by unconventional lithography and the combination of twotop-downapproaches ortop-downandbottom-upapproaches. We believe that the 3D hierarchical nanostructures described here will have a broad range of applications having adaptable levels of functional integration of precisely controlled nanoarchitectures that are required by not only academia, but also industry.

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15

LIU, FEI, and DONGFENG XUE. "CHEMICAL DESIGN OF COMPLEX NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES IN SOLUTION." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 06 (December 2009): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006407.

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Nanostructured materials with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications, among which, metal oxides are especially important in optics, electronics, biology, catalysis, and energy conversions. Various chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxide particles and films. More recently, deliberately designed chemical strategies have been used to produce particles and films composed of more complex crystal structures. In this paper, we discuss some recent progresses in the design of complex nanostructures through chemical routes, emphasize particularly on metal oxides. We first review some basic concepts involved in the fabrication of complex nanostructures, including crystal nucleation and growth, shape controlling and ripening process. We then describe more recent work on the use of different methods to synthesize a wide range of complex nanostructures, including hierarchical structures, heterostructures, as well as oriented nanowires and nanotubes. Such purposely built materials are designed, and engineered to match the physical, chemical, and structural requirements of their applications.

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16

Hu, Yun Rui, Yang Yang, Yong You Hu, Chen Lai, and Ting Fei Xi. "Fabrication of Silver Nanostructures by Microwave-Assisted Method." Advanced Materials Research 669 (March 2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.85.

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With polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizer and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as reducer, silver nanostructures were synthesized by microwave-assisted method. The morphology, size and crystal structure of silver (Ag) nanostructures were investigated by SEM and XRD. The results showed that the Ag nanostructures could change from nanoparticles to nanowires by introducing Cl-. The growth speed of nanowires could be controlled by changing the reaction power, thus Ag nanorods and Ag nanowires with different length could be obtained.

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17

Premnath, Vijay Anirudh, I. Te Chen, Kun-Chieh Chien, and Chih-Hao Chang. "Fabrication of three-dimensional opal nanolattices using template-directed colloidal assembly." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 6 (December 2022): 062803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002112.

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Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures play a crucial role in nanophotonics, lasers, and optical systems. This article reports on the fabrication of 3D nanostructures consisting of opal structures that are spatially aligned to an array of holes defined in the photoresist. The proposed method uses colloidal lithography to pattern a hexagonal array of holes, which are then used to direct the subsequent 3D assembly of colloidal particles. This approach allows the 3D opal structures to be aligned with the 2D array of holes, which can enhance spatial-phase coherence and reduce defects. The polymer patterns can be used as a sacrificial template for atomic layer deposition and create free-standing nanolattices. The final structure consists of a combination of nanolattice, upon which controlled deposition of opal structures is achieved. These structures result in nanostructured materials with high porosity, which is essential to create low-index materials for nanophotonics. A thick layer of titanium oxide with high refractive index is deposited over nanolattices to demonstrate the mechanical stability of underlying structures. These nanolattice structures with precisely controlled height can serve as a low-index layer and can find applications in Bragg reflectors, nanophotonics, and optical multilayers.

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18

Zhou, Min, Michael Bron, and Wolfgang Schuhmann. "Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanostructures by a Thermal Approach." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.172.

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Shape-controlled gold nanostructures were successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution by a one-step, non-templated thermal reduction method through heating of a poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/HAuCl4 aqueous solution. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) serves as both the stabilizing surfactant and reducing agent for the controlled synthesis of gold nanostructures with different shapes. Upon adjusting the chain-length and the concentration of the PVP, decahedral, icosahedral and platelike gold nanostructures with dominating distribution were fabricated, respectively, with the ratio of terminating OH groups at the polymer to Au ions as an important experimental parameter. The results suggest that the morphology of the gold nanostructures could be tuned by this method. The successful preparation of gold nanostructures exemplifies a very facile, effective, and generic strategy for fabrication of gold nanoparticles with various shapes.

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19

Yang, Li Xia, Bing Liu, and Gui Hua Li. "Morphology-Controlled Fabrication of CuO Architectures." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.544.

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CuO nanorod arrays, networks of nanosheets and pistachio nuts consisting nanorods were prepared via a multi-step synthesis method starting from copper oxalate precursor. CuO nanorod arrays were prepared by solid state thermal calcination of Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays through the reaction of copper oxalate precursor with NaOH at 40°C. CuO networks of nanosheets were obtained by treatment at 60°C for 90min, and CuO pistachio nuts consisting nanorods were obtained at 80°C for 20min. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The influences of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of CuO were investigated. The formation mechanism of CuO nanostructures was discussed.

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20

Aljabri, Mahmood D., Nilesh M. Gosavi, Lathe A. Jones, Pranay P. Morajkar, Duong D. La, and Sheshanath V. Bhosale. "Arginine-Induced Self-Assembly of Protoporphyrin to Obtain Effective Photocatalysts in Aqueous Media Under Visible Light." Molecules 24, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224172.

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The fabrication of controlled supramolecular nanostructures via self-assembly of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) was studied with enantiomerically pure l-arginine and d-arginine, and we have shown that stoichiometry controlled the morphology formed. The nanostructure morphology was mainly influenced by the delicate balance of π-π stacking interactions between PPIX cores, as well as H-bonding between the deprotonated acidic head group of PPIX with the guanidine head group of arginine. PPIX self-assembled with l-/d-arginine to create rose-like nanoflower structures for four equivalents of arginine that were 5–10 μm in length and 1–4 μm diameter. We employed UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques to characterize the resulting self-assembled nanostructures. Furthermore, we investigated the catalytic activity of PPIX and arginine co-assembled materials. The fabricated PPIX–arginine nanostructure showed high enhancement of photocatalytic activity through degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) with a decrease in dye concentration of around 78–80% under simulated visible radiation.

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21

Xue, Yufeng, Chunmei Gao, Lirong Liang, Xin Wang, and Guangming Chen. "Nanostructure controlled construction of high-performance thermoelectric materials of polymers and their composites." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 45 (2018): 22381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09656b.

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22

Kim, Jaekyoung, and Hyunsik Yoon. "Transfer Tiling of Nanostructures for Large-Area Fabrication." Micromachines 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9110569.

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The fabrication of nanoscale patterns over a large area has been considered important but difficult, because there are few ways to satisfy both conditions. Previously, visually tolerable tiling (VTT) for fabricating nanopatterns for optical applications has been reported as a candidate for large area fabrication. The essence of VTT is the inevitable stitching of the nanoscale optical component, which is not seen by the naked eye if the boundary is very narrow while the tiles are overlapped. However, it had been difficult to control the shape of the spread of liquid prepolymers in the previous work, and there was room for the development of tiling. Here, we propose a method for transferring various shapes of tiles, which can be defined with a shadow mask. The method of using a transparent shadow mask can provide a wide process window, because it allows the spreading of a liquid prepolymer to be more easily controlled. We optimize the coating condition of a liquid prepolymer and the ultraviolet (UV) exposure time. Using this method, we can attach tiles of various shapes without a significant visible trace in the overlapped region.

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23

Ruffino, Francesco, and Maria Grazia Grimaldi. "Nanostructuration of Thin Metal Films by Pulsed Laser Irradiations: A Review." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081133.

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Metal nanostructures are, nowadays, extensively used in applications such as catalysis, electronics, sensing, optoelectronics and others. These applications require the possibility to design and fabricate metal nanostructures directly on functional substrates, with specifically controlled shapes, sizes, structures and reduced costs. A promising route towards the controlled fabrication of surface-supported metal nanostructures is the processing of substrate-deposited thin metal films by fast and ultrafast pulsed lasers. In fact, the processes occurring for laser-irradiated metal films (melting, ablation, deformation) can be exploited and controlled on the nanoscale to produce metal nanostructures with the desired shape, size, and surface order. The present paper aims to overview the results concerning the use of fast and ultrafast laser-based fabrication methodologies to obtain metal nanostructures on surfaces from the processing of deposited metal films. The paper aims to focus on the correlation between the process parameter, physical parameters and the morphological/structural properties of the obtained nanostructures. We begin with a review of the basic concepts on the laser-metal films interaction to clarify the main laser, metal film, and substrate parameters governing the metal film evolution under the laser irradiation. The review then aims to provide a comprehensive schematization of some notable classes of metal nanostructures which can be fabricated and establishes general frameworks connecting the processes parameters to the characteristics of the nanostructures. To simplify the discussion, the laser types under considerations are classified into three classes on the basis of the range of the pulse duration: nanosecond-, picosecond-, femtosecond-pulsed lasers. These lasers induce different structuring mechanisms for an irradiated metal film. By discussing these mechanisms, the basic formation processes of micro- and nano-structures is illustrated and justified. A short discussion on the notable applications for the produced metal nanostructures is carried out so as to outline the strengths of the laser-based fabrication processes. Finally, the review shows the innovative contributions that can be proposed in this research field by illustrating the challenges and perspectives.

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24

Saini, Mahesh, Ranveer Singh, K. P. Sooraj, Tanmoy Basu, Abhijit Roy, Biswarup Satpati, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava, Mukesh Ranjan, and Tapobrata Som. "Cold cathode electron emission with ultralow turn-on fields from Au-nanoparticle-decorated self-organized Si nanofacets." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 47 (2020): 16880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03862h.

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25

Calin, Bogdan Stefanita, and Irina Alexandra Paun. "A Review on Stimuli-Actuated 3D Micro/Nanostructures for Tissue Engineering and the Potential of Laser-Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization for Structure Fabrication." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 14270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214270.

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In this review, we present the most recent and relevant research that has been done regarding the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures for tissue engineering applications. First, we make an overview of 3D micro/nanostructures that act as backbone constructs where the seeded cells can attach, proliferate and differentiate towards the formation of new tissue. Then, we describe the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures that are able to control the cellular processes leading to faster tissue regeneration, by actuation using topographical, mechanical, chemical, electric or magnetic stimuli. An in-depth analysis of the actuation of the 3D micro/nanostructures using each of the above-mentioned stimuli for controlling the behavior of the seeded cells is provided. For each type of stimulus, a particular recent application is presented and discussed, such as controlling the cell proliferation and avoiding the formation of a necrotic core (topographic stimulation), controlling the cell adhesion (nanostructuring), supporting the cell differentiation via nuclei deformation (mechanical stimulation), improving the osteogenesis (chemical and magnetic stimulation), controlled drug-delivery systems (electric stimulation) and fastening tissue formation (magnetic stimulation). The existing techniques used for the fabrication of such stimuli-actuated 3D micro/nanostructures, are briefly summarized. Special attention is dedicated to structures’ fabrication using laser-assisted technologies. The performances of stimuli-actuated 3D micro/nanostructures fabricated by laser-direct writing via two-photon polymerization are particularly emphasized.

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26

Tian, Ye, and Johann Toudert. "Nanobismuth: Fabrication, Optical, and Plasmonic Properties—Emerging Applications." Journal of Nanotechnology 2018 (June 6, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3250932.

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Along the twentieth century, the electronic properties of bismuth have been widely studied, especially in relation with its magnetoresistive and thermoelectric responses. In this context, a particular emphasis has been made on electronic confinement effects in bismuth nanostructures (or nanobismuth). In the recent years, the optical properties of bismuth nanostructures are focusing a growing interest. An increasing number of reports point at the potential of such nanostructures to support plentiful optical resonances over an ultrabroad spectral range: “interband plasmonic” resonances in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared; dielectric Mie resonances in mid- and far-infrared; and conventional free-carrier plasmonic resonances in the far-infrared and terahertz. With the aim to provide a comprehensive basis for exploiting the full optical potential of bismuth nanostructures, we review the current progress in their controlled fabrication, the trends reported (from theoretical calculations and experimental observations) for their optical and plasmonic response, and their emerging applications, including photocatalysis and switchable metamaterials.

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27

Haghizadeh, Anahita, and Haeyeon Yang. "Selective fabrication of Si nanodots and nanowires." MRS Advances 1, no. 33 (2016): 2337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.458.

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ABSTRACTWe report observation of narrow nanowires and high density nanodots on the Si(001) surfaces when they are exposed to a single application of interferential irradiation of laser pulses of 7 ns. These nanostructures form selectively depending on interference parameters so that their placements can be controlled by controlling the parameters. The morphologies of the nanostructures are studied by atomic force microscopy. The nanowire width increases with interference period. The narrowest nanowires observed have the width smaller than 26 nm, which is eight times smaller than the interference period while the nanodots have a very large density of 1.8 ± 0.45) × 1011/cm2.

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28

Di, Di, Pei Tao Dong, Jian Chen, Jiao Chen, Xue Zhong Wu, and Sheng Yi Li. "MEMS Assisted Fabrication of Cr Nanobowls." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.521.

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Various bowl-shape nanostructures have attracted widely attention for their potential applications in novel optical, electronic and biomedical fields. With the assistance of MEMS standard process, we present an inexpensive and fast approach in this paper for the fabrication of 2-D interconnected networks of Cr nanobowls. Spin-coated monolayer silica-polymer hexagonal ordered colloidal crystal was used as starting templates to create polymer nanowells. Then metal deposition and calcination process helped to develop Cr nanobowls with polymer nanowells as templates. The 2-D nanostructures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our fabrication approach of nanobowls can be extended to a wide range of metal materials and substrates with controlled size and wall thickness.

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29

Cai, Jinhua, Ting Wang, Jingxia Wang, Yanlin Song, and Lei Jiang. "Temperature-controlled morphology evolution of porphyrin nanostructures at an oil–aqueous interface." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 11 (2015): 2445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02860k.

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The facile fabrication of various porphyrin nanostructures at an oil–aqueous interface is demonstrated. The obtained structures vary depending on assembly temperature, and include tree-, wavy-, honeycomb, ring-, skeleton-, jar-, hollow spherical and flask-like.

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30

Klein-Wiele, Jan-Hendrik, and Peter Simon. "Fabrication of periodic nanostructures by phase-controlled multiple-beam interference." Applied Physics Letters 83, no. 23 (December 8, 2003): 4707–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1631746.

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Zhou, Min, Shenhao Chen, Haiqing Sun, and Xiuyu Liu. "Controlled Fabrication of Decahedral Gold Nanostructures by a Thermal Approach." Chemistry Letters 36, no. 5 (May 5, 2007): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2007.652.

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Zhang, Mingwei, Kegong Fang, Minggui Lin, Bo Hou, Liangshu Zhong, Yan Zhu, Wei Wei, and Yuhan Sun. "Controlled Fabrication of Iron Oxide/Mesoporous Silica Core–Shell Nanostructures." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, no. 41 (October 7, 2013): 21529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp4049583.

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Jain, T., M. Aernecke, V. Liberman, and R. Karnik. "High resolution fabrication of nanostructures using controlled proximity nanostencil lithography." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 8 (February 24, 2014): 083117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4867014.

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Ruffino, Francesco, and Maria Grazia Grimaldi. "Controlled dewetting as fabrication and patterning strategy for metal nanostructures." physica status solidi (a) 212, no. 8 (June 11, 2015): 1662–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201431755.

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Ho, Audrey Yoke Yee, Han Gao, Yee Cheong Lam, and Isabel Rodríguez. "Controlled Fabrication of Multitiered Three-Dimensional Nanostructures in Porous Alumina." Advanced Functional Materials 18, no. 14 (June 25, 2008): 2057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800061.

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Yadav, Sarjana, Sneha Senapati, Samir Kumar, Shashank K. Gahlaut, and Jitendra P. Singh. "GLAD Based Advanced Nanostructures for Diversified Biosensing Applications: Recent Progress." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121115.

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Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a technique for the fabrication of sculpted micro- and nanostructures under the conditions of oblique vapor flux incident and limited adatom diffusion. GLAD-based nanostructures are emerging platforms with broad sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, enhanced optical and catalytic properties, periodicity, and controlled morphology. GLAD-fabricated nanochips and substrates for chemical and biosensing applications are replacing conventionally used nanomaterials due to their broad scope, ease of fabrication, controlled growth parameters, and hence, sensing abilities. This review focuses on recent advances in the diverse nanostructures fabricated via GLAD and their applications in the biomedical field. The effects of morphology and deposition conditions on GLAD structures, their biosensing capability, and the use of these nanostructures for various biosensing applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and colorimetric- and wettability-based bio-detection will be discussed in detail. GLAD has also found diverse applications in the case of molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence, super-resolution, and photoacoustic imaging. In addition, some in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, have been discussed. Furthermore, we will also provide an overview of the status of GLAD technology as well as future challenges associated with GLAD-based nanostructures in the mentioned areas.

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Ko, Hao-Wen, Takeshi Higuchi, Chun-Wei Chang, Ming-Hsiang Cheng, Komei Isono, Mu-Huan Chi, Hiroshi Jinnai, and Jiun-Tai Chen. "Controlled self-assemblies of polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane micelles in cylindrical confinement through a micelle solution wetting method and Rayleigh-instability-driven transformation." Soft Matter 13, no. 32 (2017): 5428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01024a.

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Tatsuma, Tetsu, Takuya Ishida, and Hiroyasu Nishi. "(Invited) Photoelectrochemical Fabrication of Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures By Circularly Polarized Light." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 13 (July 7, 2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0113929mtgabs.

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Chiral plasmonic nanostructures attracts attention because they are potentially applicable to optical materials such as enantioselective sensors and metamaterials, as well as photoelectrochemical devices. Chiral nanostructures are often prepared by electron beam lithography or synthesis based on DNA templates. We have recently developed a photoelectrochemical method, in which handedness of the chiral nanostructure can be controlled by right- or left- circularly polarized light. The photoelectrochemical method is based on plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS),1,2 in which electrons are injected from a plasmonic metal nanoparticle to a semiconductor such as titania in direct contact. In PICS, anodic reactions often occur at the resonance sites of the plasmonic nanoparticle, at which electron oscillation is localized.3,4 Energetic electron-hole pairs generate at the resonance site, and holes are used for the local anodic reaction, probably via trap sites. On the basis of the mechanisms, we have demonstrated site-selective etching of silver nanoparticles and site-selective deposition of lead oxide on gold nanoparticles. Under right-circularly polarized light (CPL), distribution of the resonance sites could be the mirror image of that under left-CPL.5 Therefore, we performed site-selective deposition of lead oxide on gold nanocuboids on titania under right- or left-CPL.6 As a result, lead oxide was deposited on the gold nanocuboids in a chiral geometry. The nanostructures thus obtained exhibited circular dichroism (CD), and the CD spectrum obtained for the structure prepared under right-CPL was opposite to that obtained for the structure prepared under left-CPL. Reversible switching of the handedness of the chiral plasmonic nanostructures can also be possible.7 This method also allows us to fabricate spiral nanostructures. 1. Y. Tian and T. Tatsuma, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 7632 (2005). 2. T. Tatsuma, H. Nishi, and T. Ishida, Chem. Sci., 8, 3325 (2017) [review]. 3. I. Tanabe and T. Tatsuma, Nano Lett., 12, 5418 (2012). 4. T. Tatsuma and H. Nishi, Nanoscale Horiz., 5, 597 (2020) [review]. 5. S. Hashiyada, T. Narushima, and H. Okamoto, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 22229 (2014). 6. K. Saito and T. Tatsuma, Nano Lett., 18, 3209 (2018). 7. K. Morisawa, T. Ishida, and T. Tatsuma, ACS Nano, 14, 3603 (2020).

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Fei, Jinbo, Yue Cui, Xuehai Yan, Yang Yang, Kewei Wang, and Junbai Li. "Controlled Fabrication of Polyaniline Spherical and Cubic Shells with Hierarchical Nanostructures." ACS Nano 3, no. 11 (November 2, 2009): 3714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn900921v.

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Mei, Fei, Xiangheng Xiao, Zhigao Dai, Jinxia Xu, Yuanming Zhou, Cai Zhong, and Linzhang Wu. "Fabrication and optical properties of controlled Ag nanostructures for plasmonic applications." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 8 (August 28, 2013): 083523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4820270.

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Liu, Lei, Zhaolin Hu, Yuming Cui, Bo Li, and Xingfu Zhou. "A facile route to the fabrication of morphology-controlled Sb2O3 nanostructures." Solid State Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 2010): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.01.037.

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Fang, F., and A. Markwitz. "Controlled fabrication of Si nanostructures by high vacuum electron beam annealing." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 41, no. 10 (October 2009): 1853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2009.02.024.

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Habibi, Rozita, Jafar Towfighi Daryan, and Ali Morad Rashidi. "Shape and size-controlled fabrication of ZnO nanostructures using novel templates." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 4, no. 1 (March 2009): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080802680796.

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Qiang, Lu, Li-ming Tang, Bo-tian Li, and Kai Chen. "Controlled fabrication of one-dimensional polymer nanostructures via metallogel template polymerization." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 30, no. 5 (July 27, 2012): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-012-1178-3.

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Yamada, Hirotaka, Kenji Sueyoshi, Hideaki Hisamoto, and Tatsuro Endo. "Modulating Optical Characteristics of Nanoimprinted Plasmonic Device by Re-Shaping Process of Polymer Mold." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111323.

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Metal nanostructures exhibit specific optical characteristics owing to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and have been studied for applications in various optical devices. The LSPR property strongly depends on the size and shape of metal nanostructures; thus, plasmonic devices must be designed and fabricated according to their uses. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an effective process for repeatedly fabricating metal nanostructures with controlled sizes and shapes and require optical properties. NIL is a powerful method for mass-producible, low-cost, and large-area fabrication. However, the process lacks flexibility in adjusting the size and shape according to the desirable optical characteristics because the size and shape of metal nanostructures are determined by a single corresponding mold. Here, we conducted a re-shaping process through the air-plasma etching of a polymer’s secondary mold (two-dimensional nanopillar array made of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP)) to modulate the sizes and shapes of nanopillars; then, we controlled the spectral characteristics of the imprinted plasmonic devices. The relationship between the structural change of the mold, which was based on etching time, and the optical characteristics of the corresponding plasmonic device was evaluated through experiments and simulations. According to evaluation results, the diameter of the nanopillar was controlled from 248 to 139 nm due to the etching time and formation of a pit structure. Consequently, the spectral properties changed, and responsivity to the surrounding dielectric environment was improved. Therefore, plasmonic devices based on the re-shaped COP mold exhibited a high responsivity to a refractive index of 906 nm/RIU at a wavelength of 625 nm.

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Chopra, Divya, Karan Gulati, and Sašo Ivanovski. "Towards Clinical Translation: Optimized Fabrication of Controlled Nanostructures on Implant-Relevant Curved Zirconium Surfaces." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040868.

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Anodization enables fabrication of controlled nanotopographies on Ti implants to offer tailorable bioactivity and local therapy. However, anodization of Zr implants to fabricate ZrO2 nanostructures remains underexplored and are limited to the modification of easy-to-manage flat Zr foils, which do not represent the shape of clinically used implants. In this pioneering study, we report extensive optimization of various nanostructures on implant-relevant micro-rough Zr curved surfaces, bringing this technology closer to clinical translation. Further, we explore the use of sonication to remove the top nanoporous layer to reveal the underlying nanotubes. Nano-engineered Zr surfaces can be applied towards enhancing the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of conventional Zr-based implants.

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Wu, Jun, Zhaoxin Geng, Yiyang Xie, Zhiyuan Fan, Yue Su, Chen Xu, and Hongda Chen. "The Fabrication of Nanostructures on Polydimethylsiloxane by Laser Interference Lithography." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010073.

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We report a method for fabricating periodic nanostructures on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using laser interference lithography. The wave-front splitting method was used for the system, as the period and duty cycle can be easily controlled. Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass reveals favorable characteristics for controlling the standing waves distributed in the vertical direction, and was selected as the rigid substrate for the curing of the PDMS prepolymer, photoresist spin coating, and exposure processes. Periodic nanostructures such as gratings, dot, and hole arrays were prepared. This efficient way of fabricating large area periodic nanoscale patterns will be useful for surface plasmonic resonance and wearable electronics.

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Bartosewicz, Bartosz, Malwina Liszewska, Bogusław Budner, Marta Michalska-Domańska, Krzysztof Kopczyński, and Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz. "Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (January 10, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.12.

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Inorganic hollow spheres find a growing number of applications in many fields, including catalysis and solar cells. Hence, a simple fabrication method with a low number of simple steps is desired, which would allow for good control over the structural features and physicochemical properties of titania hollow spheres modified with noble metal nanoparticles. A simple method employing sol–gel coating of nanoparticles with titania followed by controlled silver diffusion was developed and applied for the synthesis of Ag-modified hollow TiO2 spheres. The morphology of the synthesized structures and their chemical composition was investigated using SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The optical properties of the synthesized structures were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy. Ag–TiO2 hollow nanostructures with different optical properties were prepared simply by a change of the annealing time in the last fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range.

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Chu, Lihua, Meicheng Li, Zipei Wan, Lei Ding, Dandan Song, Shangyi Dou, Jiewei Chen, and Yu Wang. "Morphology control and fabrication of multi-shelled NiO spheres by tuning the pH value via a hydrothermal process." CrystEngComm 16, no. 48 (2014): 11096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01718h.

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Torres, Maria, Lourdes Calzada, Brian Rodriguez, Marin Alexe, and Lorena Pardo. "SPM studies of ferroelectric nanostructures prepared by a microemulsion-assisted method onto substrates." Processing and Application of Ceramics 3, no. 3 (2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0903119t.

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Ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanostructures have been fabricated using two different procedures that involve microemulsions and Chemical Solution Deposition onto Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100)Si substrates. The first procedure enables the fabrication of structures with controlled size and shape, as observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography and computer assisted quantitative analysis, while the second procedure, in addition, yields very small (? 20 nm) isolated, ferroelectric nanoislands. The ferroelectric character of the nanostructures is demonstrated using Piezoelectric Force Microscopy (PFM). The ferroelectric properties depend on the height of the nanostructures, showing a strong pinning layer effect for the smaller ones, revealed by the asymmetry of the piezoelectric hysteresis loops. .

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