Academic literature on the topic 'Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures"
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Green, Joshua M., Juno Lawrance, and Jun Jiao. "Controlled Fabrication of High-Yield CdS Nanostructures by Compartment Arrangement." Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/107943.
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High-yield, high-purity CdS nanostructures were synthesized in a turf-like configuration using an improved vapor-liquid-solid method. To increase the yield, a compartment arrangement was employed. The specific kind of nanostructure fabricated was found to be directly dependent on the temperature in the compartment. Along with the high-yield growth of CdS nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts, intertwined structures were also observed, and the electron field emission property of the intertwined structures was investigated and compared with that of other type of nanostructures. Photoluminescence measurements at 10 K showed a peak emission from the CdS nanostructures at 485 nm.
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Han, Guoxing, Lihan Xu, and Ze Liu. "Controlled fabrication of hierarchical metal nanostructures." Materials Letters 241 (April 2019): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.075.
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Aseev, Aleksander Leonidovich, Alexander Vasilevich Latyshev, and Anatoliy Vasilevich Dvurechenskii. "Semiconductor Nanostructures for Modern Electronics." Solid State Phenomena 310 (September 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.310.65.
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Modern electronics is based on semiconductor nanostructures in practically all main parts: from microprocessor circuits and memory elements to high frequency and light-emitting devices, sensors and photovoltaic cells. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with ultimately low gate length in the order of tens of nanometers and less is nowadays one of the basic elements of microprocessors and modern electron memory chips. Principally new physical peculiarities of semiconductor nanostructures are related to quantum effects like tunneling of charge carriers, controlled changing of energy band structure, quantization of energy spectrum of a charge carrier and a pronounced spin-related phenomena. Superposition of quantum states and formation of entangled states of photons offers new opportunities for the realization of quantum bits, development of nanoscale systems for quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Advanced growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapour epitaxy, atomic layer deposition as well as optical, electron and probe nanolithography for nanostructure fabrication have been widely used. Nanostructure characterization is performed using nanometer resolution tools including high-resolution, reflection and scanning electron microscopy as well as scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy. Quantum properties of semiconductor nanostructures have been evaluated from precise electrical and optical measurements. Modern concepts of various semiconductor devices in electronics and photonics including single-photon emitters, memory elements, photodetectors and highly sensitive biosensors are developed very intensively. The perspectives of nanostructured materials for the creation of a new generation of universal memory and neuromorphic computing elements are under lively discussion. This paper is devoted to a brief description of current achievements in the investigation and modeling of single-electron and single-photon phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures, as well as in the fabrication of a new generation of elements for micro-, nano, optoelectronics and quantum devices.
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Wei, Jian, Xuchun Song, Chunli Yang, and Michael Z. Hu. "1D Nanostructures: Controlled Fabrication and Energy Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/674643.
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Unno, Noriyuki, and Jun Taniguchi. "3D nanofabrication using controlled-acceleration-voltage electron beam lithography with nanoimprinting technology." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 3-4 (2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0004.
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Abstract Nanostructures have unique characteristics, such as large specific surface areas, that provide a wide range of engineering applications, such as electronics, optics, biotics, and thermal and fluid dynamics. They can be used to downsize many engineering products; therefore, new nanofabrication techniques are strongly needed to meet this demand. A simple fabrication process with high throughput is necessary for low-cost nanostructures. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have attracted much attention because they dramatically opened up new fields for applications. However, conventional techniques for fabricating 3D nanostructures contain many complex processes, such as multiple patterning lithography, metal deposition, lift-off, etching, and chemical-mechanical polishing. This paper focuses on controlled-acceleration-voltage electron beam lithography (CAV-EBL), which can fabricate 3D nanostructures in one shot. The applications of 3D nanostructures are introduced, and the conventional 3D patterning technique is compared with CAV-EBL and various 3D patterning techniques using CAV-EBL with nanoimprinting technology. Finally, the outlook for next-generation devices that can be fabricated by CAV-EBL is presented.
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Yang, Hai Feng, Yan Qing Wang, Lei Liu, Liang Fang, and Shi Rong Ge. "Experimental Investigation on Nanoprocessing of Stainless Steel Surface." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.987.
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Fabrication of friction reducing and anti-wear surface with regular micro/nanostructures is a hotspot of surface engineering studies nowadays. We present a simple and easily-controlled method for fabricating stainless steel-based nanostructures surface. First, by strictly controlling the number of femtosecond laser pulses, two kinds of nanostructures are fabricated. Then, forming mechanisms of nanodots and ripple structure are analyzed. Lastly, we obtained uniform large-area nanodots and ripple structures by adjusting the repetition rate of laser focus accurately. Therefore, this technique will provide a good method to investigate the tribological properties of controllable nanotexture surface.
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Lee, Won-Kyu, Shuangcheng Yu, Clifford J. Engel, et al. "Concurrent design of quasi-random photonic nanostructures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (2017): 8734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704711114.
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Nanostructured surfaces with quasi-random geometries can manipulate light over broadband wavelengths and wide ranges of angles. Optimization and realization of stochastic patterns have typically relied on serial, direct-write fabrication methods combined with real-space design. However, this approach is not suitable for customizable features or scalable nanomanufacturing. Moreover, trial-and-error processing cannot guarantee fabrication feasibility because processing–structure relations are not included in conventional designs. Here, we report wrinkle lithography integrated with concurrent design to produce quasi-random nanostructures in amorphous silicon at wafer scales that achieved over 160% light absorption enhancement from 800 to 1,200 nm. The quasi-periodicity of patterns, materials filling ratio, and feature depths could be independently controlled. We statistically represented the quasi-random patterns by Fourier spectral density functions (SDFs) that could bridge the processing–structure and structure–performance relations. Iterative search of the optimal structure via the SDF representation enabled concurrent design of nanostructures and processing.
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Rajkumar, K., K. Rajavel, D. C. Cameron, and R. T. Rajendra Kumar. "Controlled fabrication and electrowetting properties of silicon nanostructures." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1199340.
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Beton, P. H., A. Blackburn, B. R. A. Neves, and D. J. Robbins. "Fabrication of Si nanostructures by controlled sidewall oxidation." Solid-State Electronics 40, no. 1-8 (1996): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(95)00262-6.
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Pennelli, Giovanni, and Bruno Pellegrini. "Fabrication of silicon nanostructures by geometry controlled oxidation." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 10 (2007): 104502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2722252.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures"
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Sapcharoenkun, Chaweewan. "Controlled nanostructure fabrication using atomic force microscopy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7593.
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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) nanolithography has been found to be a powerful and low-cost approach for sub-100 nm patterning. In this thesis, the possibility of using a state-of-the-art SPM system to controllably deposit nanoparticles on patterned Si substrates with high positional control has been explored. These nanoparticles have a range of interesting properties and have been characterised by electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The influence of different deposition parameters on the nanoparticle properties was studied. Contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based local oxidation nanolithography (LON) was used to oxidise sample surfaces. Two different substrates were studied which were native oxide silicon (Si) and molybdenum (Mo). A number of factors that influence the height and width of the oxide features were investigated in order to achieve the optimal oxidation efficiency. The height and width of the oxide structures were found to be strongly dependent on the applied voltage and scan speed. The tunneling AFM (TUNA) technique was used to measure the ultralow currents flowing between the tip and the sample during the oxidation process. It was found that a threshold voltage for our oxidation experiments was -4.0 ± 1.6 V applied to the tip when fabricating geometric patterns as well as 2.9 ± 1.6 V and 2.8 ± 2.2 V applied to the substrate for nanodot fabrication. In addition, comparisons of nanodot-array patterns produced with different AFM tips were studied. The influence of applied voltage, type of AFM tip and substrate, humidity and ramping time has been studied for dot formation providing a comparison between native oxide Si and Mo surfaces. The nanodot sizes were found to be clearly dependent on the applied voltage, type of substrate, relative humidity and ramping time. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) was used to study a direct deposition strategy for gold (Au) nanodot fabrication on a native oxide Si substrate. In this process, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) molecules were deposited onto the substrate via a molecular diffusion process, in the absence of electrochemical reactions. This approach allowed for the generation of Au dots on the SiO2 substrate without the need for surface modification or additional electrode structures. The dependence of the size of the Au dots on different „scanning coating‟ (SC) times of AFM tips was studied. A thermal annealing process was used to decompose the generated HAuCl4 molecular dots to leave Au (0) metal dots. A stereomicroscope has been used for preliminary observation of different steps of Au deposition treatments. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterise the SC AFM tips both before and after the DPN process. SEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has provided information about the elemental content of deposited particles for different annealing temperatures. Fountain-pen nanolithography (FPN) has also been used to study nanowriting of HAuCl4 salt and a variety of solvents on a native oxide Si surface. In this technique, a nanopipette was mounted within an AFM to deliver appropriate solutions to the silica substrate. We found that an aqueous Au salt solution was the most suitable ink for depositing gold using the FPN technique. In the case of solvents alone, ethanol and toluene were achieved with depositing onto a SiO2 substrate using the FPN technique.
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Zolatanosha, Viktoryia [Verfasser]. "Site-controlled nanostructure fabrication by selective area epitaxy through shadow masks / Viktoryia Zolatanosha." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121250853X/34.
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BOI, STEFANIA. "Design and fabrication of polymeric nanoengineered delivery systems for improved performance and controlled release." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1047611.
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Drug delivery is an increasingly investigated field, aiming at distributing a therapeutic substance precisely to the area, tissue or cell where needed and consequently controlling its release, thus guaranteeing optimal efficiency. Besides, this targeted action can also bring significant advantages in other diverse sectors.
The delivery systems designed and fabricated in this work were meant to overcome some of the issues related to current therapies for different illnesses.
Specifically, polylactic acid (PLA) was exploited to produce nanoparticles which were functionalized and encapsulated in polyelectrolyte Layer-by-Layer (LbL) microcontainers to support mucolytic enzymes’ action, with the aim of overcoming thick mucus barriers in cystic fibrosis patients’ upper airways, and reducing their viscosity. Moreover, nanoparticles were also modified with cyclodextrins to carry small hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drugs.
Alginate was used to produce multicompartment hydrogels containing LbL capsules loaded with a chemotherapeutic drug, to achieve a local prolonged delivery in solid tumour resection cavities.
However, as a general consideration, these systems can act as delivery carriers for a wide variety of drugs and can be exploited for various purposes, also other than the delivery of therapeuticals, which still remains the main focus of this thesis. An example of the engineering point of view is represented by LbL capsules, which can carry nanoparticles as well as small water-soluble chemotherapeutic drugs with slight or no modification of the production procedure, as above mentioned.
Another example, showing strongly different fields of application of the same system, is constituted by cyclodextrins-modified PLA nanoparticles, which demonstrated the ability to complex with an anti-inflammatory drug, namely ketoprofen, as well as with an industrial pollutant, namely alizarin red s, without being modified.
Finally, PLA was also used in a novel approach to obtain specific geometries of microchambers and microcapsules for the retention of small hydrophilic molecules.
In this case, the great potential relies on the fabrication technique used for these carriers. Specifically, the use of PDMS molds offers a reproducible fabrication of differently sized and shaped bottomless microchambers and capsules. Once the stamps are covered with the chosen polymer but still open, they can be loaded with various techniques, from the in-liquid to the dry powder loading. This allows to fill those carriers with smaller or bigger molecules, being water soluble or insoluble, potentially using almost all the available inner volume of the carrier, which is a reversal of the traditional carrier filling in drug delivery. This production method also pavents the way for industrial scalability of drug delivery systems, potentially overcoming some of the biggest obstacles to this modern way of re-thinking pharmaceutical dosages.
The overall findings of this thesis support the efforts in making drug delivery carriers a greatly promising tool for pharmaceutical therapies and dosages. Specifically, biopolymers can allow a great advance in the fields of drug delivery and materials engineering.
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"Pseudo-one-dimensional Zn-Fe-O nanostructure arrays: controlled fabrication, magnetic properties and photocatalytic applications." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6116186.
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在本論文中，我們利用簡單的濕化學氧化鋅(ZnO)納米線陣列模板法成功地製備了一系列具有不同化學成份、晶體結構和形貌的準一維鋅-鐵-氧納米結構陣列。<br>垂直排列的ZnO納米線陣列首先生長在不同的襯底上，然后进一步被用作其他納米結構陣列的生長模板。ZnO納米線不僅僅起到骨架定型的作用，最終還可以为后續納米結構提供原料组分。通過控制ZnO和氯化鐵溶液的反應時間，在煅燒后，我們可以製備ZnO/鐵酸鋅(ZnFe₂O₄)納米線纜陣列，以及化學/非化學計量的ZnFe₂O₄、ZnFe₂O₄/α-三氧化二鐵(α-Fe₂O₃)和α-Fe₂O₃納米管陣列。ZnFe₂O₄和α-Fe₂O₃納米管陣列都表現出了對可見光的吸收，它們的帶隙經估算分別是2.3 eV和1.7 eV。<br>通過電子能量損失譜(EELS)，可以得到ZnFe₂O₄納米管陣列的一些細節的結構信息。我們分別研究了兩個不同系列(溫度和化學計量)的ZnFe₂O₄納米管。研究發現，樣品的磁性和它們的晶體結構有著非常緊密的關係。首先，對於溫度系列的樣品，當樣品的燒結溫度從600 °C降到400 °C時，更多的三價鐵離子(Fe³⁺)佔據了尖晶石結構中的A位置(四面體位置)而並非它們本應佔據的平衡B位置(八面體位置)。這種偏離了正常尖晶石結構的情況使得A和B位置上的Fe³⁺的超交換作用增加，進而增加了樣品的阻隔溫度(TB)，磁各向異性常數(K)，3K和300 K下的飽和磁化強度(MS)和3K下的矯頑力(HC)。同時使3K和300K下的MS的比值變小。其次，對於化學計量系列的樣品，通過比較在同一燒結溫度下製備的化學計量和非化學計量的ZnFe₂O₄納米管，我們發現在鐵鋅比大於2的納米管中，Fe³⁺佔據A和B位置的比例和化學計量的樣品是类似的。這些多出的Fe³⁺也會增加超交換作用，從而導致較大的TB, K, MS(3K和300 K)，HC(3K)和較小的MS(3 K)/MS(300 K)比值。最後，作為非化學計量的極端情況，α-Fe₂O₃納米管在小的外加磁場下表現出了典型的Morin相變，在大的外加磁場下出現了場致spin-flop轉變。<br>另一方面，我們發現，當使用羅丹明B(RhB)作為指示劑時，ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄納米線纜陣列表現出了優於纯ZnO和纯ZnFe₂O₄納米管陣列的可見光降解活性，但是它們的降解路徑各不相同。ZnO由於染料敏化機制而具有可見光降解能力，但是其降解活性最差。ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄納米線纜陣列和ZnFe₂O₄納米管陣列的基本降解原理是相同的，那就是，利用有可見光活性的ZnFe₂O₄中的光生電子和空穴所生成的活性自由基降解RhB。但是，ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄納米線纜陣列的降解能力明顯優於ZnFe₂O₄納米管陣列，這是由於ZnO與ZnFe₂O₄之間的II型能帶匹配顯著地促進了光生電子和空穴的分離。<br>In the present thesis, several kinds of pseudo-one-dimensional Zn-Fe-O nanostructure arrays with tunable chemical compositions, crystal structures and morphologies are successfully synthesized via a simple wet-chemical ZnO-nanowire-array templating method.<br>Vertically-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays are firstly fabricated on several different substrates and then serve as templates for other nanostructured arrays growth. The ZnO nanowires not only act as morphology-defining skeleton but also contribute chemically to the final composition of the nanostructures. By controlling the reaction time between ZnO and FeCl₃ solution, ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocable arrays, stoichiometric ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays, nonstoichiometric ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays, ZnFe₂O₄/α-Fe₂O₃ nanotube arrays and α-Fe₂O₃ nanotube arrays can be synthesized in a controlled manner after calcination. Both ZnFe₂O₄ and α-Fe₂O₃ nanotube arrays exhibit visible light absorption and their bandgap are estimated to be ~2.3 eV and ~1.7 eV, respectively.<br>The detailed structural information of the ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays are obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In particular, EELS are carried out for two different series (i.e., temperature and stoichiometric series). The magnetic properties of these samples are found to closely correlate to their structural characteristics. Firstly, with the decrease of the calcination temperature from 600 °C to 400 °C, more Fe³⁺ions occupy A sites (tetrahedral sites in spinel structure) rather than their equilibrium B sites (octahedral sites in spinel structure). The deviation from the normal spinel structure leads to the enhancement of superexchange interactions between Fe³⁺ions in A and B sites, and thus results in an increase in blocking temperature (TB), magnetic anisotropic constant (K), saturation magnetization (MS, at 3 K and 300 K), coercivity (HC, at 3 K) and a decrease in MS(3 K)/MS(300 K) ratios. Secondly, by comparing stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric ZnFe₂O₄ nanotubes calcinated at the same temperature, we found that the nonstoichiometric nanotubes (Fe:Zn > 2) shows similar ratios of Fe³⁺in A and B sites to that of the stoichiometric one. The extra Fe³⁺in the crystal also enhances the superexchange interactions of Fe³⁺, which results in larger TB, K, MS(at 3 K and 300 K) and HC(at 3 K), and smaller MS(3 K)/MS(300 K) ratio. Lastly, α-Fe₂O₃ nanotubes, as an extreme case of the nonstoichiometric sample, show typical Morin-transition characterization under small external field, and field-induced spin-flop transition at large external field.<br>On the other hand, we found that the visible-light-driven photodegradation activities of ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocable arrays are superior to those of the ZnO nanowire arrays and ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays using RhB as the probe molecules. All the three nanostructures show degradation of RhB molecules under visible light irradiation, but they take different degradation pathways. The degradation of RhB in the presence of ZnO nanowire arrays is attributed to the dye-sensitized mechanism, and the photodegradation activity is the worst. ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocable arrays and ZnFe₂O₄ nanotube arrays have the same degradation mechanism, that is, reactive radicals produced by photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the visible-light-active ZnFe₂O₄ are responsible for the photodegradation of RhB. However, the nanocable arrays show much higher degradation capability. This is owing to the type II band alignment between ZnO and ZnFe₂O₄, which greatly promotes the separation of photogenerated electronsand holes in ZnFe₂O₄.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Guo, Xuan = 準一維鋅-鐵-氧納米結構陣列 : 控制製備, 磁學性質以及光催化方面的應用 / 郭璇.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-117).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Guo, Xuan = Zhun yi wei xin-tie-yang na mi jie gou zhen lie : kong zhi zhi bei, ci xue xing zhi yi ji guang cui hua fang mian de ying yong / Guo Xuan.
Book chapters on the topic "Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures"
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Sakaki, H. "Fabrication of Atomically Controlled Nanostructures and Their Device Application." In Nanotechnology. Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0531-9_5.
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Pathiraja, Gayani, Sherine Obare, and Hemali Rathnayake. "Oriented Attachment Crystal Growth Dynamics of Anisotropic One-dimensional Metal/Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Mechanism, Evidence, and Challenges." In Crystal Growth - Technologies and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107463.
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One-dimensional (1D) inorganic metal/metal oxide nanostructures are of significant interest due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties that are beneficial for various applications. A fundamental understanding of the guiding principles that control the anisotropy and the size of the nanostructures is essential toward developing the building blocks for the fabrication of leading-edge miniaturized devices. Oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth mechanism has been recognized as an effective mechanism for producing 1D anisotropic nanostructures. However, a limited understanding of the OA mechanism could impede the controlled fabrication of 1D nanostructures. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary on recent advances of the OA mechanism and the current state of the art on various in-situ, ex-situ, and theoretical investigations of OA-based crystal growth dynamics as well as the shape and size-controlled kinetics. Other competing crystal growth mechanisms, including seed-mediated growth and Ostwald ripening (OR), are also described. Further, we thoroughly discuss the knowledge gap in current OA kinetic models and the necessity of new kinetic models to elucidate the elongation growth of anisotropic nanostructures. Finally, we provide the current limitations, challenges for the understanding of crystal growth dynamics, and future perspectives to amplify the contributions for the controlled self-assembled 1D nanostructures. This chapter will lay the foundation toward designing novel complex anisotropic materials for future smart devices.
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Çakır Hatır, Pınar. "Biomedical Nanotechnology." In Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch033.
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This chapter aims to provide an overview of recent studies in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, which is described as the combination of biology and nanotechnology. The field includes innovations such as the improvement of biological processes at the nanoscale, the development of specific biomaterials, and the design of accurate measurement devices. Biomedical nanotechnology also serves areas like the development of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, tissue engineering, nanorobotics (nanomachines), lab-on-a-chip, point of care, and nanobiosensor development. This chapter will mainly cover the biomedical applications of nanotechnology under the following titles: the importance of nanotechnology, the history of nanotechnology, classification of nanostructures, inorganic, polymer and composite nanostructures, fabrication of nanomaterials, applications of nanostructures, the designs of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, bioimaging, bioseparation, nano-biomolecules, lab-on-a-chip, point of care, nanobiosensor development, tissue engineering and the future of biomedical nanotechnology.
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Çakır Hatır, Pınar. "Biomedical Nanotechnology." In Biomedical and Clinical Engineering for Healthcare Advancement. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0326-3.ch003.
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This chapter aims to provide an overview of recent studies in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, which is described as the combination of biology and nanotechnology. The field includes innovations such as the improvement of biological processes at the nanoscale, the development of specific biomaterials, and the design of accurate measurement devices. Biomedical nanotechnology also serves areas like the development of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, tissue engineering, nanorobotics (nanomachines), lab-on-a-chip, point of care, and nanobiosensor development. This chapter will mainly cover the biomedical applications of nanotechnology under the following titles: the importance of nanotechnology, the history of nanotechnology, classification of nanostructures, inorganic, polymer and composite nanostructures, fabrication of nanomaterials, applications of nanostructures, the designs of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, bioimaging, bioseparation, nano-biomolecules, lab-on-a-chip, point of care, nanobiosensor development, tissue engineering and the future of biomedical nanotechnology.
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Hontañón, Esther, and Stella Vallejos. "One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Chemical Sensors." In Nanostructured Materials - Classification, Growth, Simulation, Characterization, and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101749.
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The fabrication of chemical sensors based on one-dimensional (1D) metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) nanostructures with tailored geometries has rapidly advanced in the last two decades. Chemical sensitive 1D MOS nanostructures are usually configured as resistors whose conduction is altered by a charge-transfer process or as field-effect transistors (FET) whose properties are controlled by applying appropriate potentials to the gate. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art research on chemical sensors based on 1D MOS nanostructures of the resistive and FET types. The chapter begins with a survey of the MOS and their 1D nanostructures with the greatest potential for use in the next generation of chemical sensors, which will be of very small size, low-power consumption, low-cost, and superior sensing performance compared to present chemical sensors on the market. There follows a description of the 1D MOS nanostructures, including composite and hybrid structures, and their synthesis techniques. And subsequently a presentation of the architectures of the current resistive and FET sensors, and the methods to integrate the 1D MOS nanostructures into them on a large scale and in a cost-effective manner. The chapter concludes with an outlook of the challenges facing the chemical sensors based on 1D MOS nanostructures if their massive use in sensor networks becomes a reality.
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Murali, A. "Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Applications." In Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901830-5.
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Energy storage devices have acquired great research attention in the fabrication of ultra-high efficient supercapacitors. In order to enhance the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors, different electrodes have been fabricated using various nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and interfaces. Nevertheless, the low-dimensional nanomaterials still suffer from the factors such as severe re-stacking, non-homogeneous aggregation, and low contacts during the processing and assembly. These bottle-neck problems essentially lead to the hindrance of transport of electrons and/or ions in the energy devices. In this direction, recently, the bioinspired nanomaterials are emerging as the potential candidates to overcome the said disadvantages of the chemically derived low dimensional nanomaterials. The well-aligned or highly oriented bioinspired nanostructures found to effectively promote the transport of electrons, facilitate the ion diffusions through the hierarchical pores and provide the large specific surface area for their interfacial interactions with the surroundings. Moreover, the nanoscale materials can be easily tuned or engineered for their physicochemical properties, thereby they can be potentially used in many device applications. In this context, this chapter is intended to highlight the recent progress in bioinspired nanomaterials towards developing the electrode materials for supercapacitors with the emphasize on the fundamental understandings between their structural properties and electrochemical performances. Finally, it concludes with an outlook on the next generation nanostructured electrodes to design the ultra high-efficient supercapacitors.
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Muthukrishnan, Lakshmipathy. "Encountering the Survival Strategies Using Various Nano Assemblages." In Handbook of Research on Nano-Strategies for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance and Cancer. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5049-6.ch007.
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The technological advancements have not only made humans more civilized but have also caused the micro-organisms to develop several survival strategies via antimicrobial resistance to keep pace. Such highly developed microbial systems have been classified as superbugs, exhibiting Trojan-horse mechanism. This uncertain behaviour in microbes has challenged humans to scour around novel moiety to shield themselves from the detrimental effects. One such natural phenomenon that has drawn the attention of researchers is the metal-microbe interaction where microbes were found to be controlled during their interaction with metals. Fine tuning could bestow them with enhanced physico-chemical properties capable of controlling life-threatening micro-organisms. Nano forms of metals (nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanostructures) exhibiting medicinal properties have been implied toward biomedical theranostics. This chapter highlights the mechanistic antimicrobial resistance and the containment strategy using various nano assemblage highlighting its fabrication and bio-molecular interaction.
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Nakajima, Bunichiro, Jifan Li, and Yang Yang Li. "Nanostructured Porous Biomaterials for Controlled Drug Release Systems." In Biomaterials Fabrication and Processing Handbook. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849379741.ch8.
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Matsui, Shinji. "Nanostructure fabrication using electron and ion beams." In Nanotechnology and Nano-Interface Controlled Electronic Devices. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451091-4/50002-9.
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Pathiraja, Gayani, and Hemali Rathnayake. "Ultrathin Metal Hydroxide/Oxide Nanowires: Crystal Growth, Self-Assembly, and Fabrication for Optoelectronic Applications." In Nanostructured Materials - Classification, Growth, Simulation, Characterization, and Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101117.
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The fundamental understanding of transition metal oxides nanowires’ crystal growth to control their anisotropy is critical for their applications in miniature devices. However, such studies are still in the premature stage. From an industrial point of view, the most exciting and challenging area of devices today is having the balance between the performance and the cost. Accordingly, it is essential to pay attention to the controlled cost-effective and greener synthesis of ultrathin TMOS NWs for industrial optoelectronic applications. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of fundamental principles on the preperation methods to make dimensionality controlled anisotropic nanowires, their crystal growth studies, and optical and electrical properties. The chapter particularly addresses the governing theories of crystal growth processes and kinetics that controls the anisotropy and dimensions of nanowires. Focusing on the oriented attachment (OA) mechanism, the chapter describes the OA mechanism, nanocrystal’s self-assembly, interparticle interactions, and OA-directed crystal growth to improve the state-of-the art kinetic models. Finally, we provide the future perspective of ultrathin TMOS NWs by addressing their current challenges in optoelectronic applications. It is our understanding that the dimension, and single crystallinity of nanowires are the main contributors for building all functional properties, which arise from quasi-1-D confinement of nanowire growth.
Conference papers on the topic "Controlled Fabrication - Nanostructures"
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Mondal, Shyamal, S. Jana, and S. R. Bhattacharyya. "Size-selected copper nanolclusters for fabrication of isolated size-controlled nanostructures." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE: RAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810171.
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Borras, Ana, Manuel Macias-Montero, Angel Barranco, Jose Cotrino, Juan Espinos, and Augustin R. González-Elipe. "Fabrication of heterostructured M@M´Ox Nanorods by low temperature PECVD." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.47-50.
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In this communication we report on the fabrication of two different heterostructured core@shell 1D materials by low temperature (135 oC) plasma enhanced chemical deposition: Ag@TiO2 and Ag-NPs@ZnO nanorods (NRs). The controlled formation of these heterostructures on processable substrates such as Si wafers, fused silica and ITO is demonstrated. The NRs are studied by SEM, HAADF-STEM, TEM, XRD and in situ XPS in order to fully describe their microstructure and inner structure, eventually proposing a growth mechanism. The first type of nanostructures consists on a silver wire surrounded by a TiO2 shell that grows following the volcano-like mechanism. The Ag-NPs@ZnO nanostructures are formed by supported ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The 3D reconstruction by HAADF-STEM electron tomography reveals that the Ag NPs are distributed along the hollow interior of highly porous ZnO NRs. The aligned Ag-NPs@ZnO-NRs grow by a combination of different factors including geometrical distribution of precursor, plasma sheath and differences in the silver/silver oxide densities. Tuning the deposition angle, Ag-NPs@ZnO-NRs depicting different tilting angles can be homogeneously grown allowing the formation of zig-zag nanostructures. The as prepared surfaces are superhydrophobic with water contact angles higher than 150o. These surfaces turn into superhydrophilic with water contact angles lower than 10º after irradiation under UV light. In the case of the AgNPs@ZnO NRs such modification can be also provoked by irradiation with VIS light. The evolution rate of the wetting angle and its dependence on the light characteristics are related with the nanostructure and the presence of silver embedded within the NRs.
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Barna, Shama F., Kyle E. Jacobs, Glennys A. Mensing, and Placid M. Ferreira. "Direct Writing on Phosphate Glass Using Atomic Force Microscopy for Rapid Fabrication of Nanostructures." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67471.
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Rapid and cost effective fabrication of nanostructures is critical for experimental exploration and translation of results for commercial development. While conventional techniques such as E-beam or Focused Ion beam lithography serve some prototyping needs for nano-scale experimentations, cost and rate considerations prohibit use for manufacturing. Specialized lithographic processes [e.g. nanosphere lithography or interference lithography] are also powerful tools in creating nanostructures but provide limited shapes, positioning and size control of nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrated a liquid-free and mask-less electrochemical writing approach using atomic force microscopy (AFM) that is capable of making arbitrary shapes of silver nanostructures in seconds on a solid state super-ionic (AgI)x (AgPO3)(1−x) glass. Under ambient conditions. silver is extracted selectively on super-ionic (AgI)x (AgPO3)(1−x) glass surface by negatively biasing an AFM probe relative to an Ag film counter electrode. Both voltage controlled and current controlled writings demonstrated localized extraction of silver. The current controlled approach is shown to be the preferred writing approach to make repeatable and uniform patterns of silver on (AgI)x AgPO3(1−x), where x represents the mole fraction of AgI in the mixture and the control parameter that tunes the conductivity of the sample. We demonstrated current controlled printing of silver on two different compositions of the material (i.e. (AgI)0.125 (AgPO3 )0.875 and (AgI)0.25(AgPO3)0.75 ). Depending on the magnitude of the constant current and tip speed, line-width of the silver pattern can be ∼150 nm. The length of these patterns are limited to the maximum distance the tip can be moved using the AFM position controls. The substrate being optically transparent allows the use of this writing technique for rapid prototyping plasmonic devices. By using the patterned substrate as a template for replica molding of soft materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), this writing technique can also be utilized for high throughput nano-channel fabrication in biofluidics and microfluidics devices.
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Baykul, M. C., and N. Orhan. "Fabrication and characterization of size-controlled CdS nanostructures by a modified chemical bath deposition method." In 2011 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdrs.2011.6135348.
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Phan, Vinh-Nguyen, Patrick Abgrall, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Peige Shao, and Jeroen Anton Van Kan. "Fabrication of Nanochannels on Polymer Thin Film." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82057.
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Recent advances in nanotechnology allow the fabrication of structures down to the nanometer range. Various theoretical and experimental studies on the characteristics of fluid in nanochannels have been carried out in recent years. The results show that transport phenomena in nanoscale promise a wide range of applications in biological and chemical analysis. Practical applications require fabrication of nanochannels with a short production time and at a low cost. Polymer is considered as a suitable material for mass production of nanochannels due to the wide range of properties available, as well as the low cost of material and fabrication process. This paper reports the fabrication of planar nanochannels using hot embossing and thermal bonding technique on a polymer thin film. The mold for hot embossing was fabricated on a silicon wafer using photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin film with a thickness of 250 μm was used as the base material to emboss the nanochannels from the silicon mold. Temperature and pressure were controlled and recorded continuously during the embossing process. The channels then were examined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in tapping mode to verify the width and the depth of the channel. Next, another piece of PMMA thin film was bonded to the first piece by thermal bonding process to make closed nanochannels. Temperature and pressure during the bonding process were controlled and recorded. Access to the channels was made on the thin film by a laser cutter before embossing. The results showed that open planar channels with the depth down to 30nm can be fabricated on PMMA thin film with a process time less than 30 minutes. Width and depth of the channels agree well with appropriate dimensions on the mold. Bonding can be achieved within 40 minutes. Closed planar channels with the depth of 300nm were fabricated successfully by a combination of embossing and thermal bonding processes. This project demonstrates the possibility of fabricating nanochannels with low cost and short processing time using polymer material. The processes are suitable not only for nanochannels but also for more complicated nanostructures. The presented technique allows the fabrication of nanodevices with various designs.
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De Luca, Anna Chiara. "SERS-bases biosensors for biomedical applications." In Optical Manipulation and Its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oma.2023.atu2d.4.
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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received increasing research interest due to its excellent resolution, high sensitivity and rapid detection of low concentration analytes, particularly in biomedicine. Herein, it is provided an overview of recent developments and applications of SERS-based nanosensors and nanoreporters developed in our laboratory for use in biochemical monitoring, medical diagnostics, and therapy. The design and fabrication of different types of plasmonic-active nanostructures and devices, including fiber-optrode SERS sensors and hybrid nanovectors for drug delivery and local sensing, will be discussed. The applications of the SERS nanosensors for protein detection as well as local quantification and controlled release of drugs in living cancer cells will be presented.
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Das, Biswajit. "Nanosystem Implementation Using Nanochannels of Nanoporous Membranes." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30147.
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We are currently developing a novel fabrication technique for the implementation of nanosystems utilizing the nanochannels in nanoporous membranes. The technique is CMOS-compatible and has the potential for volume commercial manufacturing. The technique is based on the anodization, or electrolytic oxidation, of a thin film of aluminum to form a nanoporous alumina membrane, which is used as a guide to implement the nanosystems. The underlying principle of the fabrication technique is that when aluminum is anodized in a suitable acidic electrolyte under controlled conditions, it oxidizes to form a hydrated aluminum oxide (alumina) containing a two dimensional hexagonal array of cylindrical pores. The pore diameter and the inter-pore spacing depend on the anodization conditions and the substrate parameters, and can be varied between 4 nm to 100s of nm; the pores can be several microns deep. Due to the excellent periodicity of the pores, and the ability to control the pore diameters, such anodized alumina films can be used as templates for the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanostructures. In fact, the pores in alumina templates have been used to synthesize a variety of metal and semiconductor nanostructures. In addition, the template can also be used as a mask for pattern transfer to create periodic arrays of pores on a substrate. While most of the work in this field has focused on bulk aluminum, the use of a bulk aluminum substrate precludes most photonic and electronic applications. To overcome this, we have developed a thin film alumina template technology that allows the fabrication of nanoporous membranes consisting of nanochannels with diameters ranging between 4 nm to 10s of nm. By using a novel process, we convert the nanoporous templates into an array of nanochannels supported by the membrane. These nanochannels are then used as guides to deposit nanoparticles (nanodots, nanotubes and nanopillars) to form the desired nanosystem. The nanoparticles are primarily deposited by electrophoretic techniques. We are currently using this technique to implement nanosystems based on CdSe quantum dots and carbon nanotubes with applications in broad ranging fields including multispectral detectors, photonics, gas sensors and high efficiency solar cells. In this paper, we provide a description of the fabrication technique as well as some of the nanosystems currently under development.
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Chung, I.-Cheng, Ching-Wen Li, and Gou-Jen Wang. "Nanomolding of Nanostructured Biodegradable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12175.
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In replica molding or imprinting for industrial applications, robustness and durability of the replica mold are the main requirements. In this study, we demonstrate a replica mold fabrication method for nanohemisphere arrays nanomolding by nickel (Ni) electroforming using the highly ordered nanohemisphere array of the barrier-layer surface of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as the master mold. The feature size of the nanohemispheres can be controlled by using different etching solutions for anodic oxidation of aluminum (Al). Using the Ni replica mold, nanostructured tissue engineering scaffolds in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polylactide (PLA), and chitosan are fabricated by casting. Hot embossing is also conducted to fabricate the nanostructured PC film for anti-fingerprint and anti-reflection. These results indicate that the proposed nanomolding method provides a feasible approach for repetitive production of biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds with controllable nanostructure.
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"Fabrication Of Periodic Si Nanostructure By Controlled Anodization." In Microprocesses and Nanotechnology '98. 1998 International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imnc.1998.730022.
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Yeo, Woonhong, Jae-Hyun Chung, Kyong-Hoon Lee, Yaling Liu, and Wing Kam Liu. "Hybrid Fiber Fabrication Using an AC Electric Field and Capillary Action." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42305.
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We present a novel hybrid fiber fabrication method for nanostructured hybrid-materials, using an AC electric field and capillary action. Through this fabrication process, hybrid fibers composed of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires were systematically manufactured. It was demonstrated that both diameter and length of hybrid nanofibers could be controlled by manipulating parameters, such as the mixing ratio of SWCNTs to SiC nanowires, concentration of solution, immersion time, volume of solution, and withdrawal rate. In the fabricated hybrid fibers, the SiC nanowires functioned as a structural frame (host filler materials), while SWCNTs were employed for their extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties as a binder or net. Using this method, the fabrication speed of the hybrid fiber was increased by 20 fold compared to the existing method[1]. According to the simulation and modeling results, the fibers are formed by the following three steps; (1) nanowire bridge formation by dielectrophoresis in solution (2) nanowire fiber formation by compression due to capillary action (3) alignment by the torque due to the capillary action. The proposed processing technology may provide an ample opportunity for fabricating a long hybrid-nanofiber.