Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle prédictif de modèle'
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Artiges, Nils. "De l'instrumentation au contrôle optimal prédictif pour la performance énergétique du bâtiment." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT003/document.
Full textMore efficient energy management of buildings through the use of Model Predictive Control(MPC) techniques is a key issue to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Buildingenergy performance is currently improved by using renewable energy sources, a betterdesign of the building envelope (insulation) and the use of advanced management systems.The more the design aims for high performance, the more interactions and coupling effectsbetween the building, its environment and the conditions of use are important and unintuitive.Only a more integrated regulation would take in account this complexity, and couldhelp to optimize the consumption without compromising the comfort.Model Predictive Control techniques, based on the use of dynamic models and optimizationmethods, promise a reduction of consumption and discomfort. They can generate energysavings by anticipating the evolution of renewable sources and intermittent needs, while takingadvantage of the building thermal inertia and other storage items. However, in the caseof buildings, obtaining a good dynamic model is tough, due to important uncertainties onmodel parameters and system solicitations.Recent advances in the field of wireless sensor networks are fostering the deployment ofsensors in buildings, and offer a promising opportunity to reduce these errors. Nevertheless,designing a sensor network dedicated to MPC is not obvious, and energy monitoring,instrumentation, modeling and predictive control matters must be considered jointly.This thesis aims at establishing the links between MPC and instrumentation needs inbuildings. We propose a generic method for building modeling, thermal simulation andoptimization. This methodology involves a multi-zone thermal model of the building, andefficient optimization algorithms using an adjoint model and tools from the optimal controltheory. It was implemented in a specific toolbox to develop a predictive control strategywith optimal control phases, state estimation phases and model calibration.At first, we study the formulation and resolution of an optimal control problem. We discussthe differences between such a control and a conventional regulation strategy, throughperformance indicators. Then, we present a state estimation method based on the identificationof unknown internal gains. This estimation method is subsequently coupled with theoptimal control method to form a predictive control strategy.As the parameters values of a building model are often very uncertain, parametric modelcalibration is essential to reduce prediction errors and to ensure the MPC performance. Consequently,we apply our methodology to a calibration technique based on in situ temperaturemeasurements. We also discuss how our approach can lead to selection techniques in orderto choose calibrated parameters and sensors for MPC purposes.Eventually, the predictive control strategy was implemented on an experimental building,at CEA INES, near Chambéry. The entire building was modeled, and the different steps ofthe control strategy were applied sequentially through an online supervisor. This experimentgave us a useful feedback on our methodology on a real case.This thesis is the result of a collaboration between CEA Leti, IFSTTAR Nantes andG2ELab, and is part of the ANR PRECCISION project
Ghosn, Stéphanie. "Développement d'un modèle animal prédictif de la réponse immunitaire de l'homme aux vaccins." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077119.
Full textIn the field of vaccine development, a predictive preclinical model is most needed. In this study, our first objective was to compare the validity, for preclinical evaluation of vaccines, of two humanized mouse models, based on the engraftment of NOD-SCID-Gamma null (NSG) mice with either peripheral blood lymphocytes (Hu-PBL-NSG) or human spleen lymphocytes (Hu-SPL-NSG). The second objective was to use the best model to evaluate different vaccine candidates against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in order to select the most promising ones. NSG mice were engrafted with either peripheral blood lymphocytes or spleen lymphocytes and immunized with different vaccine preparations. Our resuits show that the engrafted human lymphocytes remain functional in both models, and secrete IgG, as well as specific antibodies against the injected antigens. However, the Hu-PBL-NSG model exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, human specific antibody responses elicited in this model remain predominantly of the IgM isotype even aliter repeated booster immunizations. These limitations were completely absent in the Hu-SPL-NSG model that has thus been selected to study the human immune response induced by a P. Falciparum liver stage construct LSA3-FL (Liver Stage Antigen 3-Full Length). Our findings corroborate the resuits observed in a clinical trial conducted with LSA3-FL and diverge from those obtained in rodents and primates. In conclusion, we propose that the Hu-SPL-NSG mouse is a cost efficient and time saving preclinical model that allows optimal screening of potentially protective vaccine candidates prior to clinical trials
Guyot, Dimitri. "Evaluation sur modèle de simulation thermique dynamique calibré des performances d’un contrôleur prédictif basé sur l’utilisation de réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC022.
Full textThe development of machine learning techniques, particularly neural networks, combined with the development of new information and communication technologies, is shaking up our societies through technological advances in a variety of sectors. The building sector is not spared, so these techniques may represent an interesting opportunity in a context where greenhouse gas emissions must be drastically reduced. The objective of this work is to assess the interest of these techniques in the field of building energy, with the aim of reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort. In addition, we ensure that this evaluation is carried out with a global vision, by placing the possible advantages in front of the different needs relating to the development of these technologies. This thesis work is organized in three parts preceded by a detailed introduction intended to give the reader an overview of the various contextual elements, thus allowing the thesis work to be placed in perspective. We then give in the first part the theoretical framework needed to understand the problems encountered during the elaboration and creation of neural networks for building energy applications. Then, a bibliographical study giving the reader a broad overview of the various applications of neural networks in the field of building energy is presented. The second part is devoted to the calibration of the building model that is then used to test and evaluate a predictive controller implementing neural networks. After an explanation of the method used and a detailed presentation of the model, a complete analysis of the calibration results is carried out. We conclude this part with observations and recommendations regarding the standard calibration guidelines recommended by three international organizations. Finally, a practical application using neural networks for the predictive control of indoor temperature is presented in the third part. After a theoretical introduction concerning predictive control, we detail the method employed to train the neural networks used. The results obtained in simulation with a predictive controller are then analyzed and compared with those obtained with two reference controllers for various simulation hypothesis. The predictive controller is thus tested in several scenarios, ranging from an ideal situation to more realistic operating conditions, including two different types of heat emitters, namely radiant ceilings and underfloor heating
Homsi, Saed Al. "Online generation of time- optimal trajectories for industrial robots in dynamic environments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT027/document.
Full textIn the field of industrial robots, there is a growing need for having cooperative robots that interact with each other and share work spaces. Currently, industrial robotic systems still rely on hard coded motions with limited ability to react autonomously to dynamic changes in the environment. This thesis focuses on providing a novel framework to deal with real-time collision avoidance for robots performing tasks in a dynamic environment. We develop a reactive trajectory generation algorithm that reacts in real time, removes the fastidious optimization process which is traditionally executed by hand by handling it automatically, and provides a practical way of generating locally time optimal solutions.The novelty in this thesis is in the way we integrate the proposed time optimality problem in a task priority framework to solve a nonlinear optimization problem efficiently in real time using an embedded system with limited resources. Our approach is applied in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) setting, which not only improves reactivity of the system but presents a possibility to obtain accurate local linear approximations of the collision avoidance constraint. The control strategies presented in this thesis have been validated through various simulations and real-world robot experiments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new control structure and its reactivity and robustness when working in dynamic environments
Darure, Tejaswinee. "Contribution à l’optimisation de la performance énergétique des bâtiments de grande dimension : une approche intégrée diagnostic / commande économique et coopérative à horizon glissant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0142/document.
Full textSince the last two decades, there has been a growing awareness about the climate change and global warming that has instigated several Directorate initiatives from various administrations. These initiatives mainly deal with controlling greenhouse gas emissions, use of non-conventional energy resources and optimization of energy consumption in the existing systems. The European Union has proposed numerous projects under FP7 framework to achieve the energy savings up to 20% by the year 2020. Especially, stated by the Energy Efficiency Directive, buildings are majorly responsible for 40% of energy resources in Europe and 36% of CO2 emission. Hence a class of projects in the FP7 framework promotes the use of smart technology in the buildings and the streamline existing rules. Energy IN TIME is one of the projects focused on developing a Smart Energy Simulation Based Control method which will reduce the energy consumption in the operational stage of existing non-residential buildings. Essentially, this thesis proposes several novel solutions to fulfill the project objectives assigned to the University of Lorraine. The developed solutions under this project should be validated on the demonstration sites from various European locations. We design a general benchmark building framework to emulate the behavior of demonstration sites. This benchmark building framework serves as a test bench for the validation of proposed solutions given in this thesis work. Based on the design of benchmark building layout, we present an economic control formulation using model predictive control minimizing the energy consumption. This optimal control has maintenance-aware control properties. Furthermore, as in buildings, fault occurrences may result in deteriorating the energy efficiency as well as the thermal comfort for the occupants inside the buildings. To address this issue, we design a fault diagnosis and fault adaptive control techniques based on the model predictive control and demonstrate the simulation results on the benchmark building. Moreover, the application of these proposed solutions may face great challenges in case of large-scale buildings. Therefore, in the final part of this thesis, we concentrate on the economic control of large-scale buildings by formulating a novel approach of distributed model predictive control. This distributed control formulation holds numerous advantages such as fault propagation mitigation, flexibility in the building maintenance and simplified plug-and-play control strategies, etc... Finally, a particular attention is paid to the estimation problem under limited measurements in large-scale buildings. The suggested advanced estimation techniques are based on the moving horizon methodologies and are demonstrated on the benchmark building systems
Monjo, Florian. "Contrôle prédictif des effets mécaniques de la fatigue musculaire : implication dans l'étude des modèles internes et des modes de coordination entre posture et mouvement." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET014T.
Full textMuscle fatigue is a transient and commonly experienced phenomenon. It is mainly associated with loss of force and leads to higher effort to produce a particular force level. The increased discharge rate of the nociceptive afferents (group III and IV) during fatiguing contractions alters motor command expression and finally motor production. An issue that has never been addressed in the literature is the Central Nervous System (CNS) capacity to anticipate muscle fatigue effects in a predictive fashion. This predictive capacity will be investigated thanks to experimental paradigms involving postural predictive processes of control, namely Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs). Because numerous works show that APAs are modulated as a function of the mechanical properties of the upcoming movement, the induction of muscle fatigue at the levels of the focal muscles allowed us to appreciate the CNS capacity to predict muscle fatigue effects. We will demonstrate that this capacity is condition-dependent, i.e. it depends on the nature of the fatiguing contractions performed (voluntary vs. electro-induced) and on the level of cognitive and temporal constraints during movement preparation
Benazet, Marc. "Atténuation des réafférences visuelles de la main dans le cortex pariétal lors d’un mouvement d’atteinte vers une cible." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9901.
Full textAbstract : It is well established that the cortical processing of somatosensory and auditory signals is attenuated when they result from self-generated actions as compared to external events. This phenomenon is thought to result from an efference copy of motor commands used to predict the sensory consequences of an action through a forward model. The present work examined whether attenuation also takes place for visual reafferent signals from the moving limb during voluntary reaching movements. To address this issue, EEG activity was recorded in a condition in which visual feedback of the hand was provided in real time and compared to a condition in which it was presented with a 150 ms delay, thus creating a mismatch between the predicted and actual visual consequences of the movement. Results revealed that the amplitude of the N1 component of the visual ERP evoked by hand visual feedback over the parietal cortex was significantly smaller when presented in real time as compared to when it was delayed. These data suggest that the cortical processing of visual reafferent signals is attenuated when they are correctly predicted, likely as a result of a forward model.
Elobaid, Mohamed. "A sampled-data approach in control problems involving partial dynamics cancellation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG014.
Full textSeveral well studied control problems reduce to asking the output of a given process to track a desired signal while rejecting effects of undesired perturbations. In the rich body of knowledge dealing with problems of this type in continuous-time, the use of partial inversion-based controllers (i.e controllers that cancel part of the dynamics in the sense of rendering it unobservable) and their effectiveness is well established. Nowadays, however, sensing and actuation is done through digital devices so necessitating a suitable control design. In this setting, the control engineer works with systems referred to as sampled-data systems where measures of the output are available only at sporadic discrete-time instants while the control is piecewise constant over a fixed time interval. In this sampled-data context, systems that are originally minimum phase in continuous-time, and because of sampling and holding, may lose this property. The general argument of this thesis contributes to establishing constructive results, procedures and algorithms to the purpose of mitigating the issues caused by sampled-data design under partial inversion-based controllers. Since partial inversion-based controllers typically cancel the zero dynamics, the central idea is to mitigate the loss of the minimum-phase property. A first contribution in this direction stands in proposing a procedure for stable partial inversion for a class of continuous-time non-minimum phase Multi-Input Multi-Output systems. The procedure proposed, generalizing a previous result, works over the linear tangent model of a system factorizing a sub-set of the zero dynamics known to be minimum-phase a priori. This preliminary result is at the basis of control strategies which are herein proposed for model predictive control and digital transverse feedback linearization. Both control strategies under sampling are affected by the above-mentioned pathology linked to the loss of the minimum-phase property. In particular, for model predictive control, two solutions based on multi-rate sampling techniques, employed at the prediction, or the trajectory planning level are proposed and compared. Their validity is established through several case studies ranging from steering and tracking in systems admitting chained forms to quasi Halo orbits station-keeping for space-crafts in the Earth-Moon system. Concerning transverse feedback linearization, two sampled-data solutions preserving the in-variant subset specifying the control objectives are proposed. The former is based on single-rate sampling and, albeit approximate in nature, is computationally simple and outperforms zero-order holding of the continuous-time design. The later, an exact solution based on multi-rate sampling, improves upon the former solution and provides, in special cases, static state feedback solutions even when the problem is only solvable via dynamic feedback in continuous-time. Both solutions are validated over academic case studies as well as in solving path following for mobile robots and periodic orbits stabilization for underactuated mechanical systems
Fusco, Franco. "Dynamic Visual Servoing for Fast Robotics Arms." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0031.
Full textThis thesis deals with increasing the productivity in manufacturing robots, when performing sensor-based tasks. Such tasks may be coming from the target not being absolutely positioned. Visual servoing control schemes are well known for their robustness and precision, but generally require long execution times due to differentfactors.Control laws are generally formulated only at a kinematic level and characterized by exponentially decreasing velocities. Moreover, the nonlinear map from the operational space to the sensor space can lead to sub-optimal and longer paths. To increase control performances and reduce the time required to complete a task, this thesis investigates the use of second-order interaction models. Their use in dynamic feedback control laws is investigated and compared to classical controllers. They are then employed in Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemes, allowing to obtain higher velocities and better sensor trajectories. However, a drawback of MPC techniques is their computational load. In order to obtain even better results, a new type of predictive control is thus investigated, leading to a reduced number of variables involved in MPC optimization problems thanks to the use of a parameterization of the control input sequences
Colin, Guillaume. "Contrôle des systèmes rapides non linéaires - Application au moteur à allumage commandé turbocompressé à distribution variable." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110228.
Full textLe downsizing, c'est-à-dire la réduction de la cylindrée du moteur, est une des voies prometteuses pour réduire la consommation de carburant et les émissions de CO2 qui en découlent. Combinant plusieurs technologies existantes telles que la turbocompression et la distribution variable, le downsizing est un exemple typique des problèmes rencontrés dans le contrôle des motorisations : systèmes non linéaires avec saturations d'actionneurs ; nombreuses grandeurs physiques importantes non mesurables ; temps de calcul limité ; objectifs du contrôle (consommation, pollution, performance) souvent concurrents.
Une démarche de modélisation et de contrôle à base de modèle (par modèle interne et prédictif) pour ces systèmes est alors proposée et appliquée au contrôle de la chaîne d'air du moteur à essence à cylindrée réduite. Des estimateurs, physiques et génériques, sont construits pour la masse d'air dans le cylindre, la masse de gaz brûlés résiduels et la masse d'air balayé de l'admission vers l'échappement. L'architecture complète et générique du contrôle en couple pour le moteur à allumage commandé turbocompressé à déphaseurs d'arbre à cames a été testée en simulation puis expérimentalement (sur moteur et véhicule).
Ces essais ont alors montré que de nouvelles possibilités étaient offertes pour diminuer les émissions polluantes et optimiser le rendement du moteur.
Murali, madhavan rathai Karthik. "Synthesis and real-time implementation of parameterized NMPC schemes for automotive semi-active suspension systems." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT052.
Full textThis thesis discusses the synthesis and real-time (RT) implementation of parameterized Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (pNMPC) schemes for automotive semi-active suspension systems. The pNMPC scheme uses a black-box simulation-based optimization method. The crux of the method is to finitely parameterize the input profile and simulate the system for each parameterized input and obtain the approximate objective and constraint violation value for the pNMPC problem. With the obtained results from the simulation, the input with minimum objective value or the least constraint violation value is selected and injected into the system and this is repeated in a receding horizon fashion. The method was experimentally validated on dSPACE MicroAutoBoX II (MABXII) and the results display good performance of the proposed approach. The pNMPC method was also augmented to parallelized pNMPC and the proposed method was implemented for control of semi-active suspension system for a half car vehicle. This method was implemented by virtue of Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) which serves as a paragon platform for implementation of parallel algorithms through its multi-core processors. Also, a stochastic version of the parallelized pNMPC method is proposed which is termed as Scenario-Stochastic pNMPC (SS-pNMPC) scheme and the method was implemented and tested on several NVIDIA embedded boards to verify and validate the RT feasibility of the proposed method for control of semi-active suspension system for a half car vehicle. In general, the parallelized pNMPC schemes provide good performance and also, fares well for large input parameterization space. Finally, the thesis proposes a software tool termed “pNMPC – A code generation software tool for implementation of derivative free pNMPC scheme for embedded control systems”. The code generation software (S/W) tool was programmed in C/C++ and also, provides interface to MATLAB/Simulink. The S/W tested for variety of examples both in simulation as well as on RT embedded hardware (MABXII) and the results looks promising and viable for RT implementation for real world applications. The code generation S/W tool also includes GPU code generation feature for parallel implementation. To conclude, the thesis was conducted under the purview of the EMPHYSIS project and the goals of the project align with this thesis and the proposed pNMPC methods are amenable with eFMI standard
Elgharib, Ahmed Omar Ahmed. "Différentes stratégies de contrôle pour le système d'éolienne connecté PMSG." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0647.
Full textRenewable energy is considered as a viable alternative to conventional fossil fuel generators globally. One of the appealing and promising renewable energy sources is wind energy. This renewable energy source offers an excellent substitute for the generation of traditional electricity. Wind turbines based on PMSG are best suited for stand-alone applications due to their reliability. This research work proposes some efficient control methods associated with wind energy control. It is focused more on the readjustment of some available control approaches as the improvement of NSSFC (nonlinear static state feedback controller) and NDSFC (nonlinear dynamic state feedback controller) to increase the controller performance for such a system. In sequence with that, this work moves forward to another controller(NPIC) which has been added to this system by presenting a sensor-less control technique of direct driven PMSG wind turbine. Afterwards, PI Controller is studied in this work by integrating genetic algorithm that has significant impact on the efficiency and execution of wind turbine applications and their whole system. Model predictive control (MPC) is thelast controller that has been explored. All of these controllers are using PMSG, discussed under different operating ranges of wind speed. Several experimental tests were applied to wide variety of configurations in order to validate the simulation results produced. This research aims to serve as a detailed reference for future studies on the control of wind turbine systems
Chabert, Isabelle. "Développement et validation d’un modèle de sources virtuelles adapté à la prédiction d’images EPID pour le contrôle qualité des traitements de RCMI." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112016/document.
Full textAdvanced techniques used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment, such as Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), require extensive verification procedures to ensure the correct dose delivery. Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) are widely used for quality assurance in radiotherapy, and also for dosimetric verifications. For this latter application, the images obtained during the treatment session can be compared to a pre-calculated reference image in order to highlight dose delivery errors. The quality control performance depends (1) on the accuracy of the pre-calculated reference image (2) on the ability of the tool used to compare images to detect errors. These two key points were studied during this PhD work. We chose to use a Monte Carlo (MC)-based method developed in the laboratory and based on the DPGLM (Dirichlet process generalized linear model) denoising technique to predict high-resolution reference images. A model of the studied linear accelerator (linac Synergy, Elekta, Crawley, UK) was first developed using the PENELOPE MC codes, and then commissioned using measurements acquired in the Hôpital Nord of Marseille. A 71 Go phase space file (PSF) stored under the flattening filter was then analyzed to build a new kind of virtual source model based on correlated histograms (200 Mo). This new and compact VSM is as much accurate as the PSF to calculate dose distributions in water if histogram sampling is based on adaptive method. The associated EPID modelling in PENELOPE suggests that hypothesis about linac primary source were too simple and should be reconsidered. The use of the VSM to predict high-resolution portal images however led to excellent results. The VSM associated to the linac and EPID MC models were used to detect errors in IMRT treatment plans. A preliminary study was conducted introducing on purpose treatment errors in portal image calculations (primary source parameters, phantom position and morphology changes). The γ-index commonly used in clinical routine appears to be less effective than the χ-index. A future in-depth study will be dedicated to determine error detection threshold according to their nature and to evaluate other comparison test robustness. The developed portal image prediction method associated to robust analysis tools will then constitute an adapted way to assure treatment quality control
Li, Zhongmou. "Theoretical developments and experimental evaluation of a novel collaborative multi-drones grasping and manipulation system Zof large objects." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new concept of aerial manipulation robot named Flying Gripper that is intended to perform grasping, manipulating, and transporting of large objects autonomously. The Flying Gripper robot is composed of four quadrotors, four self-adaptive fingers and a body structure. The main contributions of these works are: (1) an original mechanical concept using multiple quadrotors to obtain full manipulability in SE(3) and taking advantage of their yaw rotations to actuate a self-adaptive and intrinsically safe grasping mechanism; (2) a wrench capability analysis method taking into account the equality and inequality constraints imposed by actuation limits, mechanical stops and equilibrium relations; (3) a model predictive controller to deal with unknown mass, inertia and center of mass due to the grasped object; (4) a Dynamic Control Allocation algorithm to distribute the control output in a way that guarantees the continuity of actuator's velocity, improves the energy efficiency and satisfies the robot mechanical limits.Numerical simulations and experimental tests have been carried out to validate the controller performances
Burnol, Stéphane. "Modèle prédictif d'évolution des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET005T.
Full textThe lesions resulting from an ischemic stroke remain invisible for several hours or even tens of hours on conventional techniques of medical imaging (CT scan or MRI). New MRI sequences (diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted images) reveal the damages immediately. The diffusion and perfusion images reflect complex pathophysiological mechanisms and also contain some information on the fate of the tissue. A probabilistic model of evolution of the lesions visible at an early stage was set up so as to predict expansions and contractions of the damages. The result is presented as a probabilistic mapping of necrosis where the value of each voxel of the image represents the risk of cellular death in the chronic phase. This mapping can then be taken into account in the therapeutic decision. We implemented two types of approach: a segmentation method, allowing extracting regions atrisk, and a prediction method, type of logistic regression, to predict voxels at risk of necrosis. These models provide similar performances with regard to the few models described in the literature, but are more efficient for small lesions and show a big improvement because they are fully automatic
Patel, Raj Haresh. "Autonomous cars' coordination among legacy vehicles applied to safe braking." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS468.
Full textThe behaviour of an autonomous vehicle can be impacted by various internal factors like onboard system failure, sensor failure, etc. or by external factors like risky maneuvers by immediate neighbors threatening a collision, sudden change in road conditions, etc. This can result in a failure of coordination maneuver like multi-vehicle intersection clearance. In such situations when conditions dynamically change and the nominal operational condition is violated by internal or external influences, an autonomous vehicle must have the capability to reach the minimal risk condition. Bringing the vehicle to a halt is one of the ways to achieve minimal risk condition. This thesis introduces a safe stop algorithm which generates controls for multiple autonomous vehicles considering the presence of legacy manually driven vehicles on the road. A Model Predictive Control based algorithm is proposed which is robust to errors in communication, localization, control implementation, and model mismatch. Collisions avoided and discomfort faced by the driver are two evaluation parameters. Simulations show that the robust controller under the influence of errors can perform as well as the non-robust controller in the absence of these errors
Polack, Philip. "Cohérence et stabilité des systèmes hiérarchiques de planification et de contrôle pour la conduite automatisée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM025/document.
Full textAutonomous vehicles are believed to reduce the number of deaths and casualties on the roads while improving the traffic efficiency. However, before their mass deployment on open public roads, their safety must be guaranteed at all time.Therefore, this thesis deals with the motion planning and control architecture for autonomous vehicles and claims that the intention of the vehicle must match with its actual actions. For that purpose, the kinematic and dynamic feasibility of the reference trajectory should be ensured. Otherwise, the controller which is blind to obstacles is unable to track it, setting the ego-vehicle and other traffic participants in jeopardy. The proposed architecture uses Model Predictive Control based on a kinematic bicycle model for planning safe reference trajectories. Its feasibility is ensured by adding a dynamic constraint on the steering angle which has been derived in this work in order to ensure the validity of the kinematic bicycle model. Several high-frequency controllers are then compared and their assets and drawbacks are highlighted. Finally, some preliminary work on model-free controllers and their application to automotive control are presented. In particular, an efficient tuning method is proposed and implemented successfully on the experimental vehicle of ENSIAME in collaboration with the laboratory LAMIH of Valenciennes
Guenot, Sophie. "Développement d’un modèle prédictif de l’énantiosélectivité des lipases." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000347/.
Full textThe study focused on the development of a predictive model of Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 21808 lipase enantioselectivity and more specifically on the relationship that may exist between enantioselectivity and the accessibility to the active site of (R/S)-alpha-bromo phenyl acetic acid ethyl ester derivatives. A mixed approach, combining molecular modelling techniques and path planning algorithms issued from robotics research, was used to compute the geometrically allowed trajectories of various alpha-bromo phenyl acetic acid ethyl ester derivatives. In silico results indicated that the pathways are computed faster for the (R) enantiomer than the (S) enantiomer for 7 substrates synthesized by chemical synthesis. These results are in qualitative agreement with the enzyme enantioselectivity experimentally determined, indicating that enantioselectivity could be associated with a greater or lesser difficulty of access. In addition, the analysis of trajectories allowed to identify targets for mutagenesis (collision points frequently encountered for all substrates), amongst which three positions were selected: Leu-17, Val-266 and Leu-287. In order to generate and characterize these rational mutants, a recombinant expression system of B. Cepacia lipase in E. Coli and a purification protocol by affinity chromatography have been developed. Genes lip and hp encoding respectively for the lipase and its chaperone protein were cloned in different expression vectors under the control of different promoters. The highest level of lipase activity in soluble form ever described in the literature for this enzyme was obtained by using the vector pFLAG-ATS under the control of the tac promoter (6679 U / Lculture). Rational mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis by replacing each position by the 19 other possible amino acids. Mutants V266, displaying the highest lipase activities in screening with para-nitrophenyl butyrate, were selected to measure their enantioselectivity during hydrolysis of the (R,S)- a-bromo phenyl acetic acid 2-chloro ethyl ester. Among these mutants, V266G displayed an inverted enantioselectivity in favour of the (S)-enantiomer (E=18). The absence of side chain in glycine decreases the steric hindrance at position 266, allowing thus the (S)-enantiomer to (a) access more easily to the catalytic site or (b) adopt a more easily productive conformation in order to form the tetrahedral intermediate. In parallel, a protocol for the production of B. Cepacia lipase at microplate scale has been developed and validated on the library of V266 mutants, in order to dispose of a screening tool for larger mutants libraries created by directed evolution
Afsi, Nawel. "Contrôle des procédés représentés par des équations aux dérivées partielles." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1033.
Full textThis work aims to control the processes represented by partial differential equations. Two processes were considered. The first process is a batch crystallization process. The aim of the control is to generate a crystal size distribution (CSD) with an appropriate mean size. First, we used a high gain cascade observer to estimate this average size using only the crystallizer temperature and solute concentration. Then, different scenarios were tested to compare the performance of the different structures of the control system without a model. The second process treated is a lactide polymerization process. This reaction is very sensitive to impurities. So, two control strategies were proposed to restore the nominal conditions in case of drift, which are the dynamic optimization and predictive control
Da, Silva Bruno. "Contribution au contrôle de la distribution de la taille des particules lors d'un procédé de polymérisation en émulsion." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347760.
Full textLitalien, David. "Persévérance aux études de doctorat (Ph.D.) : Modèle prédictif des intentions d'abandon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30573/30573.pdf.
Full textIn most OECD countries, there is a significant increase in doctoral studies enrollment. Nevertheless, completion rates remain low and are estimated between 40 and 60% for Canadians and Americans. To our knowledge, there is a lack of research on doctoral student’s persistence and available theoretical models to comprehend this phenomenon are difficult to operationalize. Based on self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2012a, 2012b), the purpose of this dissertation is to provide a general understanding of doctoral studies persistence. It includes two articles. The first article aims to develop and validate a scale to assess five types of regulation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external) toward PhD studies. Results of two studies (N = 244 and N = 1061) support the scale’s reliability, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity. The purpose of the second article is to develop and validate a predictive model of dropout intentions. This model posits that perceived competence decreases dropout intentions, and that perceived competence is explained by autonomous and controlled regulations, which are in turn predicted by perceived psychological needs support provided by the student’s advisor, faculties as well as other graduate students. A two-step approach was used: 1) a retrospective comparison of completers and noncompleters (N = 422), and 2) a prospective examination of enrolled PhD students over two semesters to assess dropout intentions (N = 1060). Overall, the findings of the two studies are similar and support the proposed model. Specifically, perceived competence appears to be the cornerstone of doctoral studies persistence intentions, and is predicted mainly by autonomous and controlled regulations and advisor support. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed and directions for further research are proposed.
Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Turki, Marwa. "Synthèse de contrôleurs prédictifs auto-adaptatifs pour l'optimisation des performances des systèmes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR064.
Full textEven though predictive control uses concrete parameters, the value of these latter has a strong impact on the obtained performances from the system to be controlled. Their tuning is not trivial. That is why the literature reports a number of adjustment methods. However, these ones do not always guarantee optimal values. The goal of this thesis is to propose an analytical and original tuning tuning approach of these parameters. Initially applicable to linear MIMO systems, the proposed approach has been extended to non-linear systems with or without constraints and for which a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model exists. The class of nonlinear systems considered here is written in quasi-linear parametric form (quasi-LPV). Assuming that the system is controllable and observable, the proposed method guarantees the optimal stability of this closed-loop system. To do this, it relies, on the one hand, on a conditioning improving technique of the Hessian matrix and, on the other hand, on the concept of effective rank. It also has the advantage of requiring a lower computational load than the approaches identified in the literature. The interest of the proposed approach is shown through the simulation on different systems of increasingcomplexity. The work carried out has led to a self-adaptive predictive control strategy called "ATSMPC" (Adaptive Takagi-Sugeno Model-based Predictive Control)
Litalien, David. "Persévérance aux études de doctorat (Ph. D.) : modèle prédictif des intentions d'abandon." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25099.
Full textMalgré une importante augmentation des effectifs universitaires de 3e cycle dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE, les taux de diplomation demeurent faibles, estimés entre 40 et 60% pour les canadiens et les américains. À notre connaissance, les recherches qui portent attention à la persévérance aux études de doctorat sont insuffisantes et les modèles théoriques proposés pour étudier ce phénomène sont difficiles à opérationnaliser et par conséquent ont fait l’objet de très peu d’études empiriques. S’appuyant sur la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2012a, 2012b), cette thèse a pour objectif général d’offrir une meilleure compréhension de la persévérance aux études de doctorat. Celle-ci comporte deux articles. Le premier article vise l’élaboration et la validation de l’Échelle de motivation aux études de doctorat, qui évalue cinq types de motivation (intrinsèque, intégrée, identifiée, introjectée et externe). Les résultats des deux études (N = 244 et N = 1061) soutiennent la structure factorielle de l'échelle, sa fidélité et sa validité convergente et discriminante. Le deuxième article a pour objectif l’élaboration et la validation d’un modèle des intentions d’abandonner les études de doctorat. Le modèle postule que la perception de compétence diminue les intentions d'abandon. Pour sa part, la perception de compétence est expliquée par les motivations autodéterminée et contrôlée qui, en retour, sont prédites par le soutien offert par le directeur de recherche, le corps professoral et les autres étudiants de cycles supérieurs en ce qui a trait aux besoin psychologiques de l’étudiant. Deux études ont été réalisées dans cet article : 1) une étude rétrospective comparative entre des étudiants non persévérants et des étudiants diplômés (N = 422) et 2) une étude prospective évaluant les intentions d’abandon chez des étudiants inscrits sur deux sessions et (N = 1060). Dans l’ensemble, les résultats des deux études convergent et soutiennent le modèle proposé. Plus précisément, la perception de compétence semble être la pierre angulaire de la persévérance aux études de doctorat, étant prédite par les motivations autodéterminée et contrôlée et le soutien du directeur de recherche. Les implications théoriques, méthodologiques et pratiques sont abordées et des pistes de recherches futures sont proposées.
In most OECD countries, there is a significant increase in doctoral studies enrollment. Nevertheless, completion rates remain low and are estimated between 40 and 60% for Canadians and Americans. To our knowledge, there is a lack of research on doctoral student’s persistence and available theoretical models to comprehend this phenomenon are difficult to operationalize. Based on self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2012a, 2012b), the purpose of this dissertation is to provide a general understanding of doctoral studies persistence. It includes two articles. The first article aims to develop and validate a scale to assess five types of regulation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external) toward PhD studies. Results of two studies (N = 244 and N = 1061) support the scale’s reliability, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity. The purpose of the second article is to develop and validate a predictive model of dropout intentions. This model posits that perceived competence decreases dropout intentions, and that perceived competence is explained by autonomous and controlled regulations, which are in turn predicted by perceived psychological needs support provided by the student’s advisor, faculties as well as other graduate students. A two-step approach was used: 1) a retrospective comparison of completers and noncompleters (N = 422), and 2) a prospective examination of enrolled PhD students over two semesters to assess dropout intentions (N = 1060). Overall, the findings of the two studies are similar and support the proposed model. Specifically, perceived competence appears to be the cornerstone of doctoral studies persistence intentions, and is predicted mainly by autonomous and controlled regulations and advisor support. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed and directions for further research are proposed.
Kovaltchouk, Thibaut. "Contributions à la co-optimisation contrôle-dimensionnement sur cycle de vie sous contrainte réseau des houlogénérateurs directs." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0033/document.
Full textThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the minimization of the per-kWh cost of direct-drive wave energy converter, crucial to the economic feasibility of this technology. Despite the simplicity of such a chain (that should provide a better reliability compared to indirect chain), the conversion principle uses an oscillating system (a heaving buoy for example) that induces significant power fluctuations on the production. Without precautions, such fluctuations can lead to: a low global efficiency, an accelerated aging of the fragile electrical components and a failure to respect power quality constraints. To solve these issues, we firstly study the optimization of the direct drive wave energy converter control in order to increase the global energy efficiency (from wave to grid), considering conversion losses and the limit s from the sizing of an electrical chain (maximum force and power). The results point out the effect of the prediction horizon or the mechanical energy into the objective function. Production profiles allow the study of the flicker constraint (due to grid voltage fluctuations) linked notably to the grid characteristics at the connection point. Other models have also been developed to quantify the aging of the most fragile and highly stressed components, namely the energy storage system used for power smoothing (with super capacitors or electrochemical batteries Li-ion) and power semiconductors.Finally, these aging models are used to optimize key design parameters using life-cycle analysis. Moreover, the sizing of the storage system is co-optimized with the smoothing management
Jungman, Elsa. "Développement d'un modèle prédictif de la pénétration percutanée par approches chromatographiques et spectroscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819391.
Full textRaad, Ali. "Modèle prédictif à base d'approches qualitatives pour la contribution à la radiothérapie adaptative." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10166.
Full textThe thesis subject is defined in the framework of the fight against cancer. External radiation therapy is a technical treatment of tumor targets by radioactive particles, under guidance of an imaging system. The effectiveness of this macroscopic targeting treatment depends in part on the evolution and movement of the biological target during the treatment, which is planned over several sessions. In our work, we focused to the temporal evolution of the biological target session by session. The goal is to estimate the space covered by the target movement in each session, and to predict the future position of the target and thus to correct or adapt the treatment plan. Our microscopic biological target in the case of head and neck cancer is described by the parotid gland which is sensitive to the radiation. The objective is to minimize avoid radiating the parotid, when the tumor is in its periphery. We proposed two 3D reconstruction methods of the parotid, namely B-Spline Bezier bi-cubic and Marching cubes. Once the reconstruction is performed, the volume of the parotid gland, at each session of treatment is calculated. A safety zone around the parotid gland was defined. Finally, a classification of the patients was performed based on the associated dose for the treatment.At a macroscopic level, we have developed a decision-support approach to refine the relative position of the patient on the treatment table. This approach is based on a modeling of Neural Network and especially MLP and RBF. The performance between two neuronal approximation techniques was analyzed, according to the geometrical positioning of patients
Tissot, Gilles. "Réduction de modèle et contrôle d'écoulements." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2284/document.
Full textControl of turbulent flows is still today a challenge in aerodynamics. Indeed, the presence of a high number of active degrees of freedom and of a complex dynamics leads to the need of strong modelling efforts for an efficient control design. During this PhD, various directions have been followed in order to develop reduced-order models of flows in realistic situations and to use it for control. First, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), and some of its variants, have been exploited as reduced basis for extracting at best the dynamical behaviour of the flow. Thereafter, we were interested in 4D-variational data assimilation which combines inhomogeneous informations coming from a dynamical model, observations and an a priori knowledge of the system. POD and DMD reduced-order models of a turbulent cylinder wake flow have been successfully derived using data assimilation of PIV measurements. Finally, we considered flow control in a fluid-structure interaction context. After showing that the immersed body motion can be represented as an additional constraint in the reduced-order model, we stabilized a cylinder wake flow by vertical oscillations
Boivin, Eric. "Contrôle coopératif et prédictif d'avions sans pilote en présence d'obstacles ellipsoïdaux statiques et inconnus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25849/25849.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this master's project is to develop a predictive control algorithm that will allow unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to intercept static targets of known position. UAVs must however avoid static ellipsoidal obstacles detected on-route, when they are in close proximity to the aircrafts. Information on the detected obstacles must also be transmitted to fellow UAVs. Each aircraft can receive information from another aircraft, only if they are in communication range. Moreover, it is assumed that each aircraft is equipped with an autopilot (on-board control device) to stabilize the UAV in-flight. The predictive control algorithm must thus determine the commands to transmit to the autopilot. The developed algorithm was tested in simulation and with a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) system, both of which yielded successful results.
El, Koujok Mohamed. "Contribution au pronostic industriel : intégration de la confiance à un modèle prédictif neuro-flou." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542230.
Full textDzeutouo, Zapa Donard. "Développement d’un modèle prédictif de la productivité spatio-temporelle des plants de bleuets sauvages." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11331.
Full textGiraud, Laurent. "Modèle prédictif pour le développement d'un système embarqué de vidange des lubrifiants pour transmission." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/NQ48980.pdf.
Full textEl, Koujoc Mohamed. "Contribution au pronostic industriel : intégration de la confiance à un modèle prédictif neuro-flou." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2024.
Full textIndustrial prognostic is nowadays recognized as a key feature to reinforce the dependability of equipments while reducing maintenance costs. However, it can be dfficult to implement an efficient prognostic tool since the lack of knowledge on the behaviour of an equipment can impede the development of classical dependability analysis. In this context, the general purpose of the work is to propose a prognostic system that starts from monitoring data and goes through useful indicators to optimize maintenance strategies. The work also aims at mitigating some problems that follow from the lack of knowledge on the degradation phenomena (amount of data, expertise in building a model). Developments are based on the use of the neuro-fuzzy system exTS as a tool to predict the state of degradation of an equipment. Its structure is partially determined, on one side, thanks to its evolving capability, and on the other side, thanks to parsimony principle : a procedure to automatically generate an accurate exTS prediction system that reaches a compromise between complexity and generalization capability is proposed. Following that, a method to firstly, a priori estimate the probability density function (pdf) of the error of prediction of the neuro-fuzzy system, and secondly propagate it to any prediction step, is also proposed and illustrated. This contribution enables to provide a confidence measure on predictions and thereby to integrate uncertainty to the prognostic process. Finally, mechanisms of reliability evaluation are adapted to the predictive case in order to generate the prognostic metrics that allows optimizing maintenance strategies, notably the Remaining Useful Life (RUL)
Descoins, Médéric [François]. "Etude du contrôle prédictif de la force de préhension lors de la manipulation rythmique d'objet." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22033.
Full textDuring object manipulation, grip force must overcome the external load force that threaten grasp stability. Behavorial studies have revealed that grip force, during volontary movement, involves predictive control. Grip force is regulated in parallel or slighttly ahead of load force variations. This thesis investigates the neural processes engaged in the coupling between arm movement (generating the load force on the object) and grip force during rhythmic object manipulation. In experiments 1 and 2, we showed in young and elderly healthy adults, that the central nervous system uses distinct representations of the external force applied on the arm and on the object to predict load force variations. In external force fields in which load force varies at twice the frequency of movement (coordination 1 /2), the grip/load force coupling was altered in all subjects and especially in the elderly one. The last experiment focussed on the effects of the movement frequency and on the ratio between movement frequency and load force frequency (1/1 and 1/2 coordination). Interestingly the grip/load force coupling was significantly altered by movement frequency in the 1/2 coordination mode, but was not the case in the 1/1 coordination mode. Those last results are discussed in the context of coordination dynamic approach
Touzeau, Suzanne. "Modèle de contrôle en gestion des pêches." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5051.
Full textZhang, Fan. "Développement d’un dispositif expérimental original et d’un modèle prédictif pour l’étude thermodynamique des composés soufrés." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0069.
Full textSulfur compounds are widespread in various industrial fields. Design and/or optimization of the processes involving these compounds require accurate knowledge of thermodynamic properties of the concerned mixtures. Considering the complexity of industrial mixtures and for economical reasons, one may look to thermodynamic models with predictive features. To develop and validate these models, a minimum number of experimental data are required. Our literature review on sulfides (R-S-R'), 1-thiols (R-SH) and their possible solvents (n-alkanes and 1-alkanols) has shown a lack of data and of adapted experimental method. This observation leads to the need of developing a new experimental apparatus.In this work, we designed an innovative experimental apparatus for vapor-liquid-equilibrium measurements in the pressure range of [0.1 – 10] bar. The new apparatus is based on the “static-analytic” method. The key improvements are the two adaptations made for ROLSITM capillary samplers to achieve phase sampling in this pressure range. After validating the newly developed apparatus, new data of binary and ternary mixtures of interest were measured in order to develop a new predictive thermodynamic model focusing on sulfur compounds.The proposed predictive model is the PC-SAFT equation of state combined with a group contribution method (GC-PC-SAFT). We incorporated a polar term into PC-SAFT and investigated two representative families of sulfur compounds: sulfides and 1-thiols. The GC-PC-SAFT model proved reliable in correlating and predicting thermodynamic properties of pure compounds. Model parameters were fitted to the data found in the literature, as well as to those obtained through the new apparatus. Phase diagrams of some binary (sulfide + n-alkane, sulfide + 1-alkanol, 1-thiol + n-alkane and 1-thiol + 1-alkanol) and ternary (1-mercaptan + n-alkane + 1-alcool) mixtures were predicted
Chetouani, Mohamed. "Codage neuro-prédictif pour l'extraction de caractéristiques de signaux de parole." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066528.
Full textLebahar, Julie. "Etude de la variabilité intraindividuelle du contrôle cognitif chez la personne âgée : formes et apport prédictif." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20045/document.
Full textAging research shows an age-related increase in intraindividual variability in cognitive functioning (dispersion and inconsistency). Intraindividual variability would play a central role in understanding cognitive changes in older adults. The purpose of the present research was to examine the contribution of the intraindividual variability study, in order to explain differences in cognitive efficiency between older adults. The relationship between two forms of intraindividual variability, dispersion (variability in scores across several cognitive tests) and inconsistency (variability in response time (RT) across trials in a cognitive control task), and the cognitive efficiency, was estimated in a sample of adults aged from 61 years and older. The control task AX-cpt used in this study allows the evaluation of distinct cognitive control process (proactive and reactive control). The increase in dispersion was associated with a decrease in processing speed, episodic memory ability and the more general cognitive state. The increase in inconsistency seems related to a difficulty of a cognitive system whose capacities of context information maintenance, and resistance to interference, are less preserved. However, the inconsistency could also reveal a positive evolution of cognition. Intraindividual fluctuations in behavior appear to be the characteristics of normal functioning. The irregularity of temporal instability of successive trials response times, seems to be a valid cue of the decrease in cognitive efficiency. The study of intraindividual variability in performance seems to be a fruitful approach to explain the variability between individuals observed in the elderly, and to predict possible cognitive changes
Rozot, Jose Manuel. "Modèle prédictif de l'apparition de la microporosité de retrait durant la solidification d'un alliage Aluminium-Silicium." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13017.
Full textGousseau, Simon. "Caractérisation in operando de l’endommagement par électromigration des interconnexions 3D : Vers un modèle éléments finis prédictif." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0015/document.
Full text3D integration, conception mode of chips stacking, aims at both systems densification and functions diversification. The downsizing of 3D interconnects dimensions and the increase of current density rise the hazard related to electromigration. An accurate knowledge of the phenomenon is required to develop a predictive modeling of the failure in order to anticipate the difficulties as soon as the stage of technologies conception. Thus, a hitherto unseen SEM in operando observation method is devised. The test structure with “high density” through silicon vias (TSV) is tested at 350 °C with an injected current density of about 1 MA/cm², and simultaneously characterized. Regular shots of micrographs inform about the voids nucleation, forced in copper lines above the TSV, and about the scenario of their evolution. Islets formation and voids curing are also observed during the tens to hundreds hours of tests. A clear relation is established between voids evolution and the one of the electrical resistance. The different tests, completed by post-mortem analyses (FIB-SEM, EBSD, TEM), demonstrate the impact of microstructure on the depletion mechanism. Grains boundaries are preferential voids nucleation sites and influence the voids evolution. A probable effect of grains size and crystallographic orientation is revealed. Finally, the study focuses on the implementation of a multiphysics modeling in a finite elements code of the voids nucleation phase. This modeling is constituted of the main terms of the migration management
Rahmani, Mustapha Amine. "Gestion de l'énergie d'une micro-centrale solaire thermodynamique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT077/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis was prepared in the scope of the MICROSOL project, ledby Schneider Electric, that aims at developing Off-grid solar thermodynamic micro powerplants exploiting the solar thermal energy. The aim of this thesis being the development of innovative and efficient control strategies for the energy management of two kinds of solar thermodynamic micro power plants: based on Stirling engine and based and Organic RankineCycle (ORC) machines.In a first part, we consider the Stirling based solar thermodynamic micro power planthybridized with a supercapacitor as an energy buffer. Within this framework, we propose afirst experimentally validated control strategy, associated to the energy conversion system ofthe Stirling engine, that endows the system with quasi optimal performances in term of settlingtime enabling the size reduction of the supercapacitor. A second control strategy that handlesexplicitly the system constraints while providing the system with optimal performances interm of settling time , is also proposed. This control strategy is in fact more than a simplecontroller, it is a control framework that holds for a family of energy conversion systems.In a second part, we consider the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based thermodynamicmicro power plant hybridized with a battery bank as an energy buffer. Since this system worksat constant speed for the asynchronous generator electrically connected to a commercial energyconversion system, we propose a model predictive controller that acts on the thermodynamicpart of this system to move from an operating point to another, during the load power demandtransients, as fast as possible (to reduce the size of the battery banks) while respecting thephysical system constraints. The developed predictive controller is based upon a dynamicmodel, for the ORC power plant, identified experimentally thanks to an adequate nonlinearidentification algorithm
Meyer, Yann. "Contrôle actif de micro-composants électroniques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2083.
Full textRoy, Isabelle. "Contribution à la mise en place d'un modèle "in vitro" prédictif de l'absorption et du métabolisme intestinal." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P159.
Full textPayan, Yohan. "Modèle biomécanique et contrôle de la langue en parole." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0221.
Full textMarkelova, Ekaterina. "Interprétation du potentiel redox et évaluation de la mobilité des oxyanions contaminants (As, Sb,Cr) au cours de cycles redox successifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU028/document.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that a systematic experimental approach of increasing complexity allows reassessing the meaning of the redox potential (EH), and provides an update on the interpretation of its value in complex assemblages of mineral matrices, microbial consortiums, nutrients, and contaminants under dynamic, redox-oscillating conditions. To study the usefulness of EH measurements in water-saturated environmental systems a full redox cascade from +500 to -350 mV (pH ∼7.4) was reproduced in the laboratory. The experiments revealed that conventional Pt redox electrode responds to physical, chemical, and microbial processes to a different extent depending on oxygenation and on the presence of a redox buffer. The measurements of EH in argillaceous matrices depleted in the redox buffer, such as the electroactive Fe3+/Fe2+ couple, thus, are shown to have limited usefulness. In such environments, the abundant redox-sensitive couples, yet non-electroactive, such as O2/H2O, CrO42-/Cr(OH)3, NO3-/NO2-/NH4+, Sb(OH)6-/Sb2O3, and HAsO42-/H3AsO3 do not impact measured EH. To quantify the effect of oxidizing perturbations on the mobility of oxyanions in the argillaceous matrix, I performed batch experiments under controlled redox oscillations. Successive cycles of oxic and anoxic conditions were imposed on the argillaceous suspensions amended with a mixture of oxidized As(V), Sb(V), Cr(VI), and N(V). Oxyanion mobility was investigated under sterile conditions, with the addition of labile organic carbon (ethanol), and with the addition of soil microbial inoculum. Speciation analyses revealed irreversible reduction reactions with and without ethanol additions. Freshly reduced As(III), Sb(III), Cr(III), and N(III) were not re-oxidized during subsequent oxic periods demonstrating non-oscillating behavior. Microbially induced reduction transformations decreased aqueous concentrations of Sb and Cr via precipitation, removed N via volatilization, while preserved As in the solution. Depending on microbial diversity, altered by the addition of soil inoculum, two types of contaminant interplays are characterized as inhibitory and non-inhibitory reductions. These data, the representative of saturated subsurface environment (subsoil > 20 m), is further compared to oxyanion mobility in the near-surface environment (topsoil < 0.15 m). The key differences between the topsoil and subsoil systems are in the fraction of oxyhydroxide Fe-, Mn-, and Al- minerals, microbial diversity, pCO2, and the range of EH values developed during redox cycles. For example, the EH range over 900 mV (from +500 to -300 mV) in the topsoil suspension is contrasted to the EH range of 100 mV (from +350 to +250 mV) in the subsoil suspension. Furthermore, in the topsoil suspension, strong redox cycling of Fe and Mn is coincident with the oscillating mobility of As and Sb. This correlation suggests the crucial role of oxyhydroxide minerals acting not only as major sorbents, but also as catalysts for oxidation reactions eventually controlling the reversibility of contaminant sequestration. Therefore, depleted in oxyhydroxide minerals, argillaceous matrix is shown to be suitable environment for contaminant retention, as it can stand periodical redox oscillations without releasing contaminants back to the aqueous phase on the experimental time scale
Bellemare, Laurent. "Un modèle multiphasique de prédiction du comportement d'un feu de végétation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11008.
Full textDika, Nguea Hermine. "La culture de macrophages comme modèle prédictif de la toxicité et de la biopersistance des fibres minérales artificielles." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11310.
Full textBoutin, Victor. "Etude d’un algorithme hiérarchique de codage épars et prédictif : vers un modèle bio-inspiré de la perception visuelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0028.
Full textBuilding models to efficiently represent images is a central and difficult problem in the machine learning community. The neuroscientific study of the early visual cortical areas is a great source of inspiration to find economical and robust solutions. For instance, Sparse Coding (SC) is one of the most successful frameworks to model neural computation at the local scale in the visual cortex. At the structural scale of the ventral visual pathways, the Predictive Coding (PC) theory has been proposed to model top-down and bottom-up interaction between cortical regions. The presented thesis introduces a model called the Sparse Deep Predictive Coding (SDPC) that combines Sparse Coding and Predictive Coding in a hierarchical and convolutional architecture. We analyze the SPDC from a computational and a biological perspective. In terms of computation, the recurrent connectivity introduced by the PC framework allows the SDPC to converge to lower prediction errors with a higher convergence rate. In addition, we combine neuroscientific evidence with machine learning methods to analyze the impact of recurrent processing at both the neural organization and representational level. At the neural organization level, the feedback signal of the model accounted for a reorganization of the V1 association fields that promotes contour integration. At the representational level, the SDPC exhibited significant denoising ability which is highly correlated with the strength of the feedback from V2 to V1. These results from the SDPC model demonstrate that neuro-inspiration might be the right methodology to design more powerful and more robust computer vision algorithms
Penet, Maxime. "Robust Nonlinear Model Predictive Control based on Constrained Saddle Point Optimization : Stability Analysis and Application to Type 1 Diabetes." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968899.
Full textPerrault-Hébert, Maude. "Modélisation de la régénération de l’épinette noire suite au passage d’un feu en forêt boréale fermée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9460.
Full textBrenon, Alexis. "Modèle profond pour le contrôle vocal adaptatif d'un habitat intelligent." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM057/document.
Full textSmart-homes, resulting of the merger of home-automation, ubiquitous computing and artificial intelligence, support inhabitants in their activity of daily living to improve their quality of life.Allowing dependent and aged people to live at home longer, these homes provide a first answer to society problems as the dependency tied to the aging population.In voice controlled home, the home has to answer to user's requests covering a range of automated actions (lights, blinds, multimedia control, etc.).To achieve this, the control system of the home need to be aware of the context in which a request has been done, but also to know user habits and preferences.Thus, the system must be able to aggregate information from a heterogeneous home-automation sensors network and take the (variable) user behavior into account.The development of smart home control systems is hard due to the huge variability regarding the home topology and the user habits.Furthermore, the whole set of contextual information need to be represented in a common space in order to be able to reason about them and make decisions.To address these problems, we propose to develop a system which updates continuously its model to adapt itself to the user and which uses raw data from the sensors through a graphical representation.This new method is particularly interesting because it does not require any prior inference step to extract the context.Thus, our system uses deep reinforcement learning; a convolutional neural network allowing to extract contextual information and reinforcement learning used for decision-making.Then, this memoir presents two systems, a first one only based on reinforcement learning showing limits of this approach against real environment with thousands of possible states.Introduction of deep learning allowed to develop the second one, ARCADES, which gives good performances proving that this approach is relevant and opening many ways to improve it