Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle par mode glisant'
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Huber, Olivier. "Analyse et implémentation du contrôle par modes glissants en temps discret." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT042.
Full textSliding Mode Control is a control technique with a long history, with research efforts dating back to the 50's. The basic idea is to define the control input as a discontinuous function of the sliding variable, which solely depends on the state, and to constraint the system to evolve on a manifold, hence the term sliding. Over the years a strong theory was build around this technique, but only in continuous time. In our context, this means that control input value can change value at any time. The discrete-time case is when the control input can only change at isolated time instants and the dynamical system on which the control is still a continuous-time process. The control input is therefore a step function. This case appears when the controller is digitally implemented, for instance with the help of a microcontroller. This kind of setup is nowadays ubiquitous in benchmarks and industrial applications. One of the main limitation of the applicability of sliding mode control is the chattering phenomenon that is witnessed when this control technique is applied in practice, but already in simulations. In contrast to previous approaches, we single out the chattering that is already witnessed in simulation, even with no disturbance and with perfect knowledge of the dynamics. This is called the numerical chattering and one of its distinct feature is the constant chattering, or high-frequency bang-bang behavior, of the control input. This naturally induces a chattering of the sliding variable. The claim that this type of chattering is usually predominant and that it is due to a bad discretization of the signum multifunction. The approach developed in this work was inspired by the research effort in the nonsmooth mechanical to properly simulate some systems like those with dry friction and/or unilateral constraints. The main point is to discretize the signum in an implicit fashion, that is its argument is the value of the sliding variable at the end of the next sampling period. With this change, the numerical chattering can be removed in the simplest cases, largely attenuated. The research effort was focused on classical sliding mode controller, rather than the higher order ones. The frameworks used to perform the analysis are convex analysis and variational inequalities. This discrete-time controller enjoys several interesting theoretical properties. First it is finite-time Lyapunov stable: the sliding variable goes to 0 in finite-time. The discrete-time control input converges to the continuous-time one as the sampling period goes to 0. The control action also attenuates the effect of matched perturbations. Also the increase of the gain of the controller does not affect the performances when the system is sliding. The twisting controller can be discretized in the same way and is also finite-time Lyapunov stable. This good theoretical properties have been verified in simulations, but also on experimental setups. Two tests were conducted: the first one on an electropneumatic system, where both the classical first-order sliding mode controller and the twisting algorithm were tested. The objective was to track a reference trajectory. The second one was an inverted pendulum on a cart with only the classical SMC. The goal was to stabilize the system at the unstable equilibrium. The analysis from the data collected during those experiments shows that the proposed controllers perform better than the their explicitly discretized versions. The performances are better and the chattering is effectively reduced
Chovet, Camila. "Manipulation de la turbulence en utilisant le contrôle par mode glissant et le contrôle par apprentissage : de l'écoulement sur une marche descendante à une voiture réelle." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0016/document.
Full textThe present work aims to pre-evaluate flow control parameters to reduce the drag in a real vehicle. Two different actuation mechanisms (Murata’s micro-blower, and air-knives) are characterized and compared to define their advantages and limitations. Murata micro-blowers energized the boundary layer to directly perturb the vortex structures formed in the shear layer region. The air-knife has a rounded surface, adjacent to the slit exit, that could be considered as an active boat-tail (Coanda effect) for drag reduction. Different open-loop and closed-loop control strategies are examined, such as continuous blowing, periodic forcing, sliding mode control (SMC) and machine learning control (MLC). SMC is a robust closed-loop algorithm to track, reach and maintain a predefined set-point; this approach has on-line adaptivity in changing conditions. Machine learning control is a model-free control that learns an effective control law that is judged and optimized with respect to a problem-specific cost/objective function. A hybrid between MLC and SMC may provide adaptive control exploiting the best non-linear actuation mechanisms. Finally, all these parameters are brought together and tested in real experimental applications representative of the mean wake and shear-layer structures related to control of real cars. For the backward-facing step, the goal is to experimentally reduce the recirculation zone. The flow is manipulated by a row of micro-blowers and sensed by pressure sensors. Initial measurements were carried out varying the periodic forcing. MLC is used to improve performance optimizing a control law with respect to a cost function. MLC is shown to outperform periodic forcing. For the Ahmed body, the goal is to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the square-back Ahmed body. The flow is manipulated by an air-knife placed on the top trailing edge and sensed by a force balance. Continuous blowing and periodic forcing are used as open-loop strategies. SMC and MLC algorithms are applied and compared to the open-loop cases. The pre-evaluation of the flow control parameters yielded important information to reduce the drag of a car. The first real vehicle experiments were performed on a race track. The first actuator device concept and sensor mechanism are presented
Perozzi, Gabriele. "Exploration sécurisée d’un champ aérodynamique par un mini drone." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0007/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the project "Small drones in the wind" carried by the ONERA center of Lille. This project aims to use the drone as a "wind sensor" to manage a UAV quadrotor in disturbed wind conditions using wind field prediction. In this context, the goal of the thesis is to make the quadrotor a wind sensor to provide local information to update the navigation system. With real-time on-board wind estimation, the quadrotor can compute a trajectory planning avoiding dangerous areas and the corresponding trajectory control, based on anexisting cartography and information on the aerodynamic behavior of airflow close to obstacles. Thus, the results of this thesis, whose main objectives are to estimate instant wind and position control, will be merged with another study dealing with trajectory planning. An important problem is that pressure sensors, such as the aeroclinometer and the Pitot tube, are not usable in rotary-wing vehicles because rotors air inflow interferes with the atmospheric flow and lightweight LIDAR sensors generally are not available. Another approach to estimate the wind is to implement an estimation software (or an intelligent sensor). In this thesis, three estimators are developed using the sliding mode approach, based on an adequate drone model, available measurements on the quadrotor and inertial tracking position systems. We are then interested in the control of the trajectory also by sliding mode considering the nonlinear model of the quadrotor. In addition, we are still studying quite an early alternative solution based on the H control, considering the linearized model for different equilibrium points as a function of the wind speed. The control and estimation algorithms are strictly based on the detailed model of the quadrotor, which highlights the influence of the wind
Balogoun, Ismaïla. "Contributions à la théorie du contrôle des systèmes de dimension infinie soumis à des perturbations/incertitudes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0017.
Full textIn this thesis, we study problems ofstabilization and output regulation for infinitedimensionalsystems subjected to disturbances.First, we consider the problem of the stabilizationof an abstract linear infinite-dimensional systemwith unbounded control operators and subject toa matched disturbance. To solve this problem, wefollow a sliding mode control strategy. Secondly, weconsider the problem of the boundary stabilizationof a linear hyperbolic system (a transport equationand a system of transport equations) subjected toa matched disturbance. The objective here is topropose for this particular case a control which requiresmuch less in terms of measurement than thedesign proposed before. To solve this problem, wepropose an active disturbance rejection control. Finally,we are interested in the construction of aninput-to-state stability Lyapunov functional and theoutput regulation of a Korteweg-de Vries equation
Feingesicht, Maxime. "Contrôle non linéaire actif d’écoulements turbulents décollés : Théorie et expérimentations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0024/document.
Full textFlow control is a strongly growing field aiming at modifying fluid flows using actuators and control algorithms. An important part of flow control is the control of flow separation as boundary layer separation increases drag and therefore energy losses and fuel consumption. This thesis focuses on developing control algorithms for flow reattachment using pulsed jets actuators. The first part of this work develops a model identification technique based on experimental data. The models are derived from physical and control theory considerations. They provide a good fit to the data while remaining simple and using few coefficients. The second part of this work uses this models in order to design two different control algorithms : the first one is an optimal feedforward control while the second one is a robust feedback control. The control algorithms have been applied on several experimental setups (LML, ONERA, LAMIH) and their properties have been experimentally tested. The tests were conducted using a simple Arduino Uno for the measurements and computation of the control, showing that the developed method is easy to apply and requires very few computational resources
Gaye, Oumar. "CONTRÔLE DU PROFIL DE FACTEUR DE SECURITE DANS LES PLASMAS DE TOKAMAK EN DIMENSION INFINIE." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00774718.
Full textMajid, Hirsh. "Contribution à l'estimation et à la commande des systèmes de transport intelligents." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0203/document.
Full textThe works presented in this PhD dissertation fit into the framework of Intelligent TransportationSystems. Although the beginnings of these systems have started since the 60s, their development, basedon information and communication technologies, has reached maturity during the early 80s. The ITS usesthe intelligence of different systems (embedded systems, intelligents sensors, intelligents highways, etc.)in order to optimize road infrastructures performances and respond to the daily problems of congestions.The dissertation presents four contributions into the framework of road traffic flow and tackles theestimation and control problems in order to eliminate or at least reduce the “recurrent" congestionsphenomena. The first point treats the problem of traffic state estimation which is of most importance inthe field of ITS. Indeed, the implementation and performance of any control strategy is closely relatedto the ability to have all needed information about the traffic state describing the dynamic behavior ofthe studied system. Two estimation algorithms are then proposed. The first one uses the “metanet"model and high order sliding mode techniques. The second is based on the so-called Cell TransmissionModels. Several comparative studies with the Kalman filters, which are the most used in road traffic flowengineering, are established in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Thethree other contributions concern the problem of traffic flow control. At first, the focus is on the isolatedramp metering using an algorithm based on the high order sliding mode control. The second contributiondeals with the dynamic traffic routing problem based on the high order sliding mode control. Such controlstrategy is enriched by introducing the concept of integration, in the third contribution. Indeed, integratedcontrol consists of a combination of several traffic control algorithms. In this thesis the proposed approachcombines an algorithm of on-ramp control with a dynamic traffic routing control. The obtained results arevalidated via numerical simulations. The validated results of the proposed isolated ramp metering controlare compared with the most used ramp metering strategy : ALINEA. Finally, the last contributiontreats the coordination problems. The objective is to coordinate several ramps which cooperate andchange information in order to optimize the highway traffic flow and reduce the total travel time in theapplied area. All these contributions were validated using real data mostly from French freeways. Theobtained results show substantial gains in term of performances such as travel time, energetic consumptiondecreasing, as well as the increasing in the mean speed. These results allow to consider several furtherworks in order to provide more interesting and efficient solutions in the ITS field
Rahmani, Mustapha Amine. "Gestion de l'énergie d'une micro-centrale solaire thermodynamique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT077/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis was prepared in the scope of the MICROSOL project, ledby Schneider Electric, that aims at developing Off-grid solar thermodynamic micro powerplants exploiting the solar thermal energy. The aim of this thesis being the development of innovative and efficient control strategies for the energy management of two kinds of solar thermodynamic micro power plants: based on Stirling engine and based and Organic RankineCycle (ORC) machines.In a first part, we consider the Stirling based solar thermodynamic micro power planthybridized with a supercapacitor as an energy buffer. Within this framework, we propose afirst experimentally validated control strategy, associated to the energy conversion system ofthe Stirling engine, that endows the system with quasi optimal performances in term of settlingtime enabling the size reduction of the supercapacitor. A second control strategy that handlesexplicitly the system constraints while providing the system with optimal performances interm of settling time , is also proposed. This control strategy is in fact more than a simplecontroller, it is a control framework that holds for a family of energy conversion systems.In a second part, we consider the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based thermodynamicmicro power plant hybridized with a battery bank as an energy buffer. Since this system worksat constant speed for the asynchronous generator electrically connected to a commercial energyconversion system, we propose a model predictive controller that acts on the thermodynamicpart of this system to move from an operating point to another, during the load power demandtransients, as fast as possible (to reduce the size of the battery banks) while respecting thephysical system constraints. The developed predictive controller is based upon a dynamicmodel, for the ORC power plant, identified experimentally thanks to an adequate nonlinearidentification algorithm
Chokor, Abbas. "Design of several centralized and decentralized multilayer robust control architectures for global chassis control." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2514.
Full textGlobal Chassis Control (GCC) is crucial task in intelligent vehicles. It consists of assisting the driver by several automated functionalities especially for active safety and comfort purposes. Due to the fact that the dynamics of these functionalities are interconnected, thus the awaited performances are sometimes contradictory. Hence, the main task in GCC field is to coordinate the different Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) to create synergies between the interconnected dynamics in order to improve the overall vehicle performance. Several powerful coordination strategies have already been developed either in the academic world or in the industrial one to manage these interconnections. Because the active safety needs are increasing from one side, and the technology that can be embedded into vehicles is evolving, an intense research and development is still involved in the field of global chassis control. This thesis analyzes di_erent dynamics interconnections and develops new several GCC strategies where the Active Front Steering, Active Differential Braking, and the Active Suspensions are coordinated - all together or partially - to improve the vehicle overall performance i.e. the rollover avoidance, the lateral stability, the driving comfort (maneuverability), and the ride comfort. Several multilayer architectures formed by three hierarchical layers are proposed. The lower layer represents the actuators implemented into the vehicle which generate their control inputs based on the orders sent from the middle layer. The middle layer is the control layer which is responsible to generate the control inputs that minimize the errors between the desired and actual vehicle state variables i.e. the yaw, side-slip, roll, pitch, and heave motions, regardless of the driving situation. The higher layer is the decision making layer. It instantly monitors the vehicle dynamics by di_erent criteria, then, it generates weighting parameters to adapt the controllers performances according to the driving conditions i.e. to improve the vehicle's maneuverability, lateral stability, rollover avoidance, and ride comfort. The proposed architectures di_er in the control and decision layers depending on the proposed embedded actuators. For instance, the decision layers di_er in the monitored criteria and the way the decision is taken (fuzzy logic or explicit relations). The control layers di_er in structure, where centralized and decentralized controllers are developed. In the centralized architecture, one single Multi-Input-Multi-Output optimal controller generates the optimal control inputs based on the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV)/H-infinity control technique. In the decentralized architecture, the controllers are decoupled, where the Super-Twisting Sliding Mode (STSM) technique is applied to derive each control input apart. The proposed architectures are tested and validated on the professional simulator « SCANeR Studio » and on a Full vehicle nonlinear complex model. Simulation shows that all architectures are relevant to the global chassis control. The centralized one is optimal, complex and overall stability is guaranteed, while the decentralized one does not guarantee the overall stability, but it is intuitive, simple, and robust
Merheb, Abdel-Razzak. "Diagnostic and fault-tolerant control applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4367/document.
Full textUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are more and more popular for their civil and military applications. Classical control laws usually show weaknesses in the presence of parameter uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and actuator and sensor faults. Therefore, it is judicious to design a control law capable of stabilizing the UAV not only in the fault-free nominal cases, but also in the presence of disturbances and faults. In this thesis, a new bio-inspired search algorithm called Ecological Systems Algorithm (ESA) suitable for engineering optimization problems is developed. The algorithm is used over the thesis to find optimal gains for the fault tolerant controllers. Sliding Mode Control theory is used to develop two Passive Fault Tolerant Controllers for quadrotor UAVs: Regular and Cascaded SMC. Because Passive Controllers handle a few numbers of faults, an Active Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Controller using Kalman Filter is developed. To overcome severe faults and failures, an emergency controller based on the Quadrotor-to-Trirotor conversion maneuver is developed. The Controllers developed so far (Passive, Active, and emergency controllers) are then integrated to form the Integrated Fault Tolerant Controller (IFTC). The IFTC is a powerful controller that is able to handle a wide number of faults, and save actuator resources as well as processor computational effort. Finally, Passive and Active Fault Tolerant Controllers are designed for octorotor UAVs based on First Order and Second Order Sliding Mode Control. The AFTC uses Dynamic and Pseudo-Inverse Control Allocation methods to redistribute the control effort among healthy actuators reducing the effect of fault
Mariette, Kevin. "Contrôle en boucle fermée pour la réduction active de traînée aérodynamique des véhicules." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI088.
Full textActive flow control techniques can decrease the aerodynamic drag acting on a vehicle moving at high velocity. Instead of exclusively passive techniques, active control can reduce the pressure drag on a vehicle under a wider range of operating conditions without requiring large modifications of the functional shape of the vehicles. However, active control devices require an additional source of energy, which may decrease the global efficiency of the control. Our work aims to reduce significantly the drag of ground vehicles with efficiency and robustness thanks to high frequency pulsed jet control. We present experimental studies on a simplified bluff body mock-up of a ground vehicle and we seek to understand the phenomena linked to the pressure drag on a vehicle. In this thesis, we propose a modelling methodology of the vehicle’s turbulent wake adapted for control purposes. Finally, we design and test experimentally different closed-loop control methods of the wake with high frequency pulsed air jets. The experimental studies performed in a wind tunnel show the efficient application of sliding mode control and extremum seeking techniques for a robust drag control with energy cost considerations. This thesis was financed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and contributes to the project ActivRoad involving three French laboratories: Ampère (INSA, Lyon), Pprime Institute (ENSMA, Poitiers), and the LMFA (Centrale, Lyon); and two automotive companies: PSA group and Volvo Trucks
Nollet, Frédéric. "Lois de commande par modes glissants du moteur pas-à-pas." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132768.
Full textBraikia, Karim. "Asservissement des systèmes incertains par des commandes à mode glissant - Application à un robot flexible." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0016/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the control of complex systems through fixed parameters sliding modes. The objective being to show that it is possible to use robust control laws while keeping the system model and control law synthesis simple.The considered physical system is a seven d.o.f flexible anthropomorphic manipulator robot driven by pneumatic artificial muscles.We address robust control laws, particularly second order sliding modes, Twisting and Super–twisting together with the equivalent control which is associated to them in order to reduce the discontinuities of these type of controls. These laws are applied onto a flexible robot. Through experiment we show their robustness, the influence of modelling uncertainties on performance and the difficulty in synthesizing their parameters for an uncertain system. A convergence accelerator is proposed for enhancing control quality both in regulation and tracking. These theoretical results are experimentally verified through the flexible robot.Due to the difficulty in synthetizing Twisting and Super–twisting control laws, a new approach based on commuted state feedback is presented. The objective being a sliding mode control law with a systematic parameters synthesis using Lyapunov stability condition. This approach named Puma: Polytopic Uncertain Model Approach uses the system’s polytopic model, which allows keeping modelling simple by considering the system, whatever its complexity may be, as a black box. This approach is applied to a flexible robot in simulation ; it is compared to a similar approach to show its interest.In order to evaluate the relevance of these laws from the point of view of performance and implementation simplicity, they are compared to one of the most popular control law: The PID
Matraji, Imad. "Contribution à la commande non linéaire robuste des systèmes d'alimentation en air des piles à combustible de type PEM." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983443.
Full textNollet, Frédéric Perruquetti Wilfrid Floquet Thierry. "Lois de commande par modes glissants du moteur pas-à-pas." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1144.
Full textTitre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 223-228.
Benbouzid, Salim. "Synthèse d'un contrôleur multivariable pour un système de traction pile à combustible." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECLI0010.
Full textNew scientific and technical breakthroughs as global energetic constraints show the way for fuel cells (fc) as a potential candidate for on-board electric generators supplying energy for automotive traction. Fc appear as a fine system with high theoretical efficiency as well as a direct electricity power production from hydrogen with zero local emission (water production only). Nevertheless, ancillaries’ components have to be added and controlled in order to follow the fc to work properly, thus reducing the overall system efficiency. Hence, this thesis proposes a control approach to optimize the fc system efficiency for vehicle traction ensuring system and environment safety. The first step addresses dynamical modelling of the fc itself governed by coupled nonlinear physical laws and the ancillaries’ components in order to build a representative model for the system. Multi domain bond graph is used for this purpose. Secondly, a hierarchical control approach is proposed. The high level consists in optimizing the system efficiency and giving references for the low level (component). At this low level, several sliding modes controls are synthesised to regulate the fc operative conditions despite model uncertainties. The interest of this work is then shown by simulation tests using the overall system model
Liu, Jianxing. "Contributions to Adaptative Higher Order Sliding Mode Observers : Application to Fuel Cell an Power Converters." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0232/document.
Full textAutomotive PEM Fuel Cell systems rely upon a set of auxiliary systems for proper operation, such as humidifier, air-feed compressor, power converter etc. The internal physical states of the latter are often unmeasurable, yet required for their precise control. Observers provide a means of obtaining the unmeasured states of these auxiliary systems for feedback control, optimal energy consumption and Fault Diagnosis and Isolation (FDI). This thesis is based on higher order sliding mode observer design studies for two major PEMFC auxiliary systems found in modern automobiles, the air-feed system and the power electronics system.The first part is focused on robust observation and FDI of the PEMFC air-feed systems. Sliding mode observer design and their applications to FDI have been studied in detail for this purpose and the key observation problems in this system have been identified. Based on this study, two solutions are proposed, a sliding mode algebraic observer for oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures and a novel robust adaptive-gain Second Order Sliding Mode (SOSM) observer based FDI for simultaneous state observation, parameter identification, health monitoring and fault reconstruction of the PEMFC air-feed system. The performance of the proposed observers has been validated on an instrumented Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) test bench.The observation and output feedback control problems of different power electronic converters, commonly found in fuel cell vehicles, are addressed in the next part. Robust output feedback SOSM control for three phase AC/DC converters have been presented. A robust SOSM observer for multi-cell converters has also been designed. The performance of all these designs has been demonstrated through a multi-rate simulation approach. The results highlight the robustness of the observers and controllers against parametric uncertainty, measurement noise and external disturbance
Li, Bo. "Conception et test de cellules de gestion d'énergie à commande numérique en technologies CMOS avancées." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782429.
Full textMohamed, Ramadan Haitham Saad. "Non-linear control and stabilization of VSC-HVDC transmission systems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112046/document.
Full textThe integration of nonlinear VSC-HVDC transmission systems in power grids becomes very important for environmental, technical, and economic reasons. These systems have enabled the interconnection of asynchronous networks, the connection of offshore wind farms, and the control of power flow especially for long distances. This thesis aims the non-linear control and stabilization of VSC-HVDC systems, with two main themes. The first theme focuses on the design and synthesis of nonlinear control laws based on Variable Structure Systems (VSS) for VSC-HVDC systems. Thus, the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and the Asymptotic Output Tracking (AOT) have been proposed to provide an adequate degree of stability via suitable Lyapunov functions. Then, the robustness of these commands has been studied in presence of parameter uncertainties and/or disturbances. The compromise between controller’s robustness and the system’s dynamic behavior depends on the gain settings. These control approaches, which are robust and can be easily implemented, have been applied to enhance the system dynamic performance and stability level in presence of different abnormal conditions for different DC link lengths. The second theme concerns the influence of VSC-HVDC control on improving the AC network dynamic performance during transients. After modeling the Single Machine via VSC-HVDC system in which the detailed synchronous generator model is considered, the conventional PI controller is applied to the converter side to act on damping the synchronous machine power angle oscillations. This simple control guarantees the reinforcement of the system dynamic performance and the power angle oscillations damping of the synchronous machine in presence of faults
Alseda, Dorothée. "Contrôle de la combustion en mode HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition) par une formulation adaptée au carburant." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2033.
Full textBarthes, Julien. "Adressage et contrôle de nanosources optiques par plasmonique intégrée ou fibrée." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS011/document.
Full textSurface plasmon polariton (SPP) can confine light on subwavelength dimensions. Since they are not diffraction limited, they are of great interest for addressing and controlling optical nanosources. For example, a metal nanowire defines 1D plasmonic waveguide with a great potential for either addressing or coupling quantum emitters. Therefore, SPP opens great opportunities for integrated optical applications. However, SPP suffer from ohmic losses that jeopardize the applications of plasmonic components. In this context, we study the possibilities provided by an hybrid plasmonic-photonicstructure to couple efficiently an emitter to a fiber mode. Such a structure paves the way for fibered single photon nanosource or high resolution optical probe. In this thesis manuscript, we first study the coupling rate between a fluorescent molecule and a metallic nanowire thanks to Green’s dyad formalism. This leads us to distinguish the different relaxation channels and the enhancement of the energy transferred into the plasmonic guided mode by optimizing the shape of the guide (crystalline nano-wire,slow modes). Then, we investigate the energy propagation in a metal coated taperedoptical fiber. Finally, we achieve an optimal configuration for which more than 50% of the energy emitted by a quantum emitter laid on a substrat is transferred into an optical fiber
Harmouche, Mohamed. "Contribution à la théorie de la commande par modes glissants d'ordre supérieur et à la commande des systèmes mécaniques sous-actionnés." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0214/document.
Full textNonlinear systems are so diverse that generalized tools for control are difficult to develop. Nonlinear control theory requires rigorous mathematical analysis to justify its conclusions. This thesis addresses two distinct, yet important branches of nonlinear control theory: control of uncertain nonlinear systems and control of under-actuated systems.In the first part, a class of Lyapunov-based robust arbitrary higher order sliding mode (HOSM) controllers is developed for the control of uncertain nonlinear systems. This class of controllers is based on a class of controllers for finite-time stabilization of pure integrator chain, and requires the limits of the system uncertainty to be known a-priori. Then, in order to eliminate the dependence on the knowledge of these limits, an adaptive arbitrary HOSM controller is developed. Using this new class, a universal homogeneous arbitrary HOSM controller is developed and it is shown that the homogeneity degree can be manipulated to obtain additional advantages in the proposed controllers, such as bounded control, minimum amplitude of discontinuous control and fixed time convergence. The performance of the controllers has been demonstrated through simulations and experiments on a fuel cell system.In the next part, the control of two under-actuated systems is studied. The first control problem is the global path following of car-type robotic vehicle, using target-point. The second problem is the precise tracking of surface marine vessels. Both these problems are distinct in nature; however, they are subjected to similar physical constraints. The solutions proposed for these control problems use saturated controls, taking into account the physical bounds on the control inputs. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the performance of these controllers
Kandil, Mohamed Salah. "Sliding mode control of active magnetic bearings with low losses : a model-free approach." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10166.
Full textRésumé: Au cours des trois dernières décennies, divers domaines ont connu une application réussie des systèmes de paliers magnétiques actifs (PMA). Leurs caractéristiques favorables comprennent une capacité de rotation à grande vitesse, une faible consommation d'énergie, et le contrôle de la dynamique du rotor. Bien que leurs pertes soient beaucoup plus basses que les roulements à rouleaux, ces pertes pourraient limiter l'opération dans certaines applications telles que les systèmes de stockage d'énergie à volant d'inertie et les applications sous vide. De nombreux chercheurs ont concentré leurs efforts sur le renforcement de l'efficacité énergétique des paliers magnétiques par la minimisation des courants fournis aux bobines électromagnétiques soit par une solution logicielle, soit par une solution matérielle. Selon une étude précédente, nous adoptons la solution matérielle dans cette thèse. Plus précisément, nous étudions le développement d'un système de contrôle efficace et simple pour réguler un système de palier magnétique actif à aimant permanent polarisé. L'objectif de contrôle ici est de supprimer les vibrations du rotor et de réduire les courants de commande correspondants autant que possible tout au long d'une large plage de fonctionnement. Bien que l'adoption de l'approche matérielle pourrait atteindre un PMA économe en énergie, un système de contrôle avancé pourrait parvenir à une réduction supplémentaire de la consommation d'énergie. De nombreuses techniques de contrôle avancées ont été proposées dans la littérature pour obtenir une performance satisfaisante. Cependant, la complexité de la majorité des systèmes de contrôle et l'exigence potentielle d’une plate-forme puissante pourrait décourager leur application dans la pratique. La motivation derrière ce travail est d'améliorer les performances en boucle fermée, sans la nécessité de procéder à l'identification du modèle et en suivant la procédure classique pour développer un contrôleur basé sur un modèle. Ici, nous proposons l'application du concept d'hybridation pour exploiter le contrôle PID classique et certains outils de contrôle non linéaires tels que contrôle par mode glissement du premier et du second ordre, observateur à grand gain, backstepping et techniques adaptatives pour développer des systèmes de contrôle efficaces et pratiques. Tous les systèmes de contrôle développés dans cette thèse sont numériquement mis en oeuvre et évaluées sur la carte de contrôle eZdsp F2812. Par conséquent, l'applicabilité des techniques de modèle libre proposé pour l'application pratique est démontrée. En outre, certains des régimes de contrôle proposés ont réalisé avec succès un bon compromis entre les objectifs au rotor d’atténuation des vibrations et la minimisation des courants de commande sur une grande plage de fonctionnement.
Jaafar, Ali. "Contribution à la modélisation, l'analyse et l'optimisation de lois de commande pour convertisseurs DC-DC de puissance." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00644419.
Full textNaouar, Mohamed Wissem. "Commande numérique à base de composants FPGA d’une machine synchrone : Algorithmes de contrôle du courant." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0344.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to present the interest of using hardware solutions such as FPGAs for the digital implementation of control algorithms of electrical machines. For this reason, a methodical approach based on an appropriate design methodology is firstly presented and discussed. This design methodology allowed the realization of a specific library, composed of reusable hardware architectures, which is dedicated to the control of electrical machines. It also allowed the FPGA implementation of several current control algorithms of a synchronous machine. The implemented current control techniques are: ON/OFF current controllers ; Predictive current controllers ; PI current controllers ; Sliding mode current controllers. The operating mode corresponding to each one of the designed hardware architectures is studied and presented throughout this memory. The contribution and the benefits of FPGA components in the control of electrical machines are also analyzed and discussed
Marouf, Alaa. "Contribution à la Commande du Système de Direction Assistée Electrique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0012.
Full textThe control of Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) system is a challengingproblem due to the multiple objectives and the need of several pieces of information to implement the control. The control objectives are to generate assist torque with fast responses to driver’s torque commands, insure system stability, attenuate vibrations, transmit the road information to the driver, and improve the steering wheel returnability and free control performance. The control must also be robust against modeling errors and parameter uncertainties. In addition, several pieces of information are required to implement the control, such as steering wheel angle, motor velocity, driver torque and road reaction torque
Messali, Amir. "Contribution to Rotor Position and Speed Estimation for Synchronous Machine Drive Using High Frequency Voltage Injection : Application to EV/HEV Powertrains." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0048.
Full textThis thesis is part of the Renault / Centrale Nantes Chair on improving the performance of electric vehicles (EV / HEV). It is dedicated to the problem of estimating the position / speed of self-sensing permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) without mechanical sensors, using high frequency (HF) signal injection techniques over the full speed range of PMSM. In this context, several contributions have been proposed in the demodulation / signal processing and tracking algorithms parts of HF injection techniques, in order to improve the estimation of the position / speed of the MSAP compared to the existing methods. In the demodulation / signal processing part of the HF injection techniques, the contributions consisted of proposing original solutions making it possible to reduce the filtering effects in the estimation chain and to make the latter independent of the electrical machine parameters. In the tracking part, the contributions mainly concern the use of the function sign of the position error (instead of the position error) as measurement information, to estimate the position, the speed and the acceleration of self-sensing PMSM with firstorder sliding mode observers (conventional, step-by-step and adaptive). The contributions proposed in both parts have the advantages of robustifying the estimation chain by making it independent of electrical and mechanical parameters on the one hand. On the other hand, they allow improving the accuracy and performance of the estimation chain, and therefore the control of self-sensing PMSM, in transient and steady-state phases with an easy tuning method. The estimation methods developed were tested in simulation and experimentation on a test bench of electrical machines. The results obtained made it possible to highlight the performances of these methods in terms of trajectory tracking and robustness over the entire operating range of PMSM self-sensing control
Liu, Xinyi. "Contribution to adaptative sliding mode, fault tolerant control and control allocation of wind turbine system." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0295/document.
Full textThe main challenges for the deployment of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are to maximize the amount of good quality electrical power extracted from wind energy over a significantly wide range of weather conditions and minimize both manufacturing and maintenance costs. Wind turbine's efficiency is highly dependent on environmental disturbances and varying parameters for operating conditions, such as wind speed, pitch angle, tip-speed ratio, sensitive resistor and inductance. Uncertainties on the system are hard to model exactly while it affects the stability of the system. In order to ensure an optimal operating condition, with unknown perturbations, adaptive control can play an important role. On the other hand, a Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) with control allocation that is able to maintain the WECS connected after the occurrence of certain faults can avoid major economic losses. The thesis work concerns the establishment of an adaptive control and fault diagnosis and tolerant control of WECS. After a literature review, the contributions of the thesis are:In the first part of the thesis, a nonlinear uncertain model of the wind energy conversion system with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed. A novel Lyapunov-based adaptive Sliding Mode (HOSM) controller is designed to optimize the generated power.In the second part, a new output integral sliding mode methodology for fault tolerant control with control allocation of linear time varying systems is presented. Then, this methodology has been applied in order to force the wind turbine speed to its optimal value the presence of faults in the actuator
Mohammadridha, Taghreed. "Automatic Glycemia Regulation of Type I Diabetes." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0008.
Full textThis thesis investigates closed-loop control for glycemia regulation of Type1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Two main controller categories are designed: non-model-based and model-based. To test their efficiency, both types are tested in silico on two T1DM simulators. The first is a long-term model that is derived from clinical data of T1DM subjects and the second is the Uva/Padova simulator. Firstly, Model-free Control (MFC) is designed: a variable reference intelligent Proportional (iP) control and a constant reference intelligent Proportional-Integral-Derivative (iPID). Better overall performance is yielded with iPID over iP and over a classic PID. Secondly, a positive Sliding Mode Control SMC is designed for the first time for glycemia regulation. The model-based controller is chosen for glycemia regulation due to its well-known robustness properties. More importantly, our main contribution is that SMC is designed to be positive everywhere in the positively invariant set for the plasma insulin subsystem. Finally, a positive state feedback controller is designed for the first time to regulate glycemia. The largest Positively Invariant Set (PIS) is found. Not only control positivity is respected but rather a tight glycemic control is achieved. When the system initial condition belongs to the PIS, hypoglycemia is prevented, otherwise future hypoglycemia is predicted for any initial condition outside the PIS
Le, Minh-Quyen. "Development of bilateral control for pneumatic actuated teleoperation system." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717743.
Full textErza, Mehran. "Contribution à l’étude des non-linéarités au sein d’une association amplificateur-transducteur : atténuation des distorsions par un mode de contrôle en courant." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1032/document.
Full textUndertaken with the LAUM, this work aims at first tocharacterize non linear distortions relative to electrodynamicloudspeakers with a view to miniaturizing units designed in thelaboratory. Furthermore, a special point about the advantages and drawbacks resulting from voltage or current driving has been investigated. After a brief review about the prominent definitions used in thefield of electro-acoustics, the main properties and specificitiesof transducers are discussed while considering at first linear devices. Considering a generic transducer of the state of theart, the main parameters are given in terms of transfer functions. Then, a current-driving policy is discussed whiletaking account of the actual power operational amplifier properties. Furthermore, the rejection of the mechanical resonance is investigated without any kind of alteration of theideal infinity of the Control Drive Index value. Specific filtering structures are calculated regarding a given transducer and considered either in feedforward or feedback arrangements within the circuitry. After such a first order analysis non linear behaviours areconsidered. At first a straightforward typology of non linearsystems is presented so as to highlight the most importantdefinitions. Then, a special analytical approach is given,allowing us to analyse the harmonic generation from a currentdriven loudspeaker with a mono frequency regime. Such anapproach is extended and generalized by way of original numerical models designed with Simulink®, PSpice® and SLPSsoftware, considering bi tonal stimuli signals. Then, such anapproach is considered with transducers and amplifiers of thestate of the art, allowing us to validate the whole relevantrationale. Thus, the micro speakers actually developed in thelaboratory should be investigated and optimized in the shortrun, considering their relevant electronic conditioning policy
Dryankova, Vesela. "Contribution à la commande du flux de trafic autoroutier." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO2008/document.
Full textThe technological advances, due to the advent of the new information and communication technologieshave given rise to the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) concept. The objectivesof such applications are to provide effective solutions to deal with the daily problems of congestion.The importance as well as the socio-economic challenges raised by congestion requires theintroduction of innovative solutions based on the latest advances in the automatic control field. Theworks presented in this thesis lie in the frame of ITS and treat the problems of the freeway andUrban Express Routes (UER) control. Among the used control techniques, our works focus mainlyon the isolated ramp metering. The objective of this control measurement is to act on the on-rampflow, through traffic lights, in order to keep the traffic density on the mainstream section around acritical threshold allowing then an optimal use of the freeway or UER infrastructures. The proposedalgorithm rests on the jointly use of differential flatness and high order sliding mode control(HOSMC) concept. The main characteristic of the differential flatness lies in its ability to providea trajectory generation, without integration of any differential equation of the studied model. Onthe other hand, the advantage of HOSMC is to allow a robust trajectory tracking even in the case ofthe presence of uncertainties and disturbances which are typical to traffic systems. The relevanceof the proposed approach is validated through a set of numerical simulations using real-data froma part of the A6 freeway from Paris ring. In addition, the validation step has been enriched by theperformance evaluation based on a set of criteria commonly used by the freeway practitioners. Theobtained results paves the way to several perspectives in order to improve the proposed controlapproach and its generalization for more complex freeway networks
Quintanar, Guzmán Serket. "Nonlinear observation and control of a lightweight robotic manipulator actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0050/document.
Full textIn the last decade, the industry of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has gone through immense growth and diversification. Nowadays, we find drone based applications in a wide range of industries, such as infrastructure, agriculture, transport, among others. This phenomenon has generated an increasing interest in the field of aerial manipulation. The implementation of aerial manipulators in the UAV industry could generate a significant increase in possible applications. However, the restriction on available payload is one of the main setbacks of this approach. The impossibility to equip UAVs with heavy dexterous industrial robotic arms has driven the interest in the development of lightweight manipulators suitable for these applications. In the pursuit of providing an alternative lightweight solution for the aerial manipulators, this thesis proposes a lightweight robotic arm actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. Although SMA wires represent a great alternative to conventional actuators for lightweight applications, they also imply highly nonlinear dynamics, which makes them difficult to control. Seeking to present a solution for the challenging task of controlling SMA wires, this work investigates the implications and advantages of the implementation of state feedback control techniques. The final aim of this study is the experimental implementation of a state feedback control for position regulation of the proposed lightweight robotic arm. Firstly, a mathematical model based on a constitutive model of the SMA wire is developed and experimentally validated. This model describes the dynamics of the proposed lightweight robotic arm from a mechatronics perspective. The proposed robotic arm is tested with three output feedback controllers for angular position control, namely a PID, a Sliding Mode and an Adaptive Controller. The controllers are tested in a MATLAB simulation and finally implemented and experimentally tested in various different scenarios. Following, in order to perform the experimental implementation of a state feedback control technique, a state and unknown input observer is developed. First, a non-switching observable model with unknown input of the proposed robotic arm is derived from the model previously presented. This model takes the martensite fraction rate of the original model as an unknown input, making it possible to eliminate the switching terms in the model. Then, a state and unknown input observer is proposed. This observer is based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for state estimation and sliding mode approach for unknown input estimation. Sufficient conditions for stability and convergence are established. The observer is tested in a MATLAB simulation and experimentally validated in various different scenarios. Finally, a state feedback control technique is tested in simulation and experimentally implemented for angular position control of the proposed lightweight robotic arm. Specifically, continuous and discrete-time State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) control laws are derived and implemented. To conclude, a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis between an output feedback control approach and the implemented state feedback control is carried out under multiple scenarios, including position regulation, position tracking and tracking with changing payloads
Sidhom, Lilia. "Sur les différentiateurs en temps réel : algorithmes et applications." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701576.
Full textCamelin, Patrice. "Génération et contrôle d'impulsions localisées dans les lasers à semiconducteurs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4120/document.
Full textLocalized Structures (LS) appear in non-linear dissipative mediums with a large aspect ratio and where several solutions coexist for the same range of parameters. They have a correlation length much shorter than the size of the system which makes them individually addressable objects. LS have been widely studied in optical resonators for their potential in all-optic informations processing. We focus our study on Temporal Localized Structures in a Passive Mode-Locked Laser. More specifically, we study a Vertical Cavity SurfaceEmitting Laser (VCSEL) coupled in an external cavity with a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM). We show that pulses emitted by this system can be individually turned on and off using electrical pulses in the bias current. We study the possibility to move those pulses and/or to reconfigure their positions in the cavity thanks to a modulation of the bias current. We were able to discover a new paradigm for the dynamics of LS, studied until now only in system with parity symmetry (spatial system et Kerr fiber resonator). Indeed, in our system, the finite response time of the semiconductor medium brings causality in the cavity, and so breaks the parity symmetry of the system. This fact has important consequences on the LS drifting speed, on their shapes and their interactions. In the last part of my thesis, inspired by the results we obtain in this system, we focus on the implementation of spatio-temporal LS, also called Light Bullet (LB). Indeed, a similar system was used to implement LS in the transverse section of the resonator, so it can be a good candidate to generate LB. So we study the modification needed to obtain those structures. The results suggested to replace the VCESL by a similar device but that can't lase without external mirror. This device, called half-VCSEL or VECSEL, and its compatible SESAM, were design the Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes of Montpellier. The optimization of the characteristic of those devices allows to get a regime of temporal localization, which is a promising towards the Light Bullets
Ben, Abdelghani Afef. "Minimisation des courants de mode commun dans les variateurs de vitesse asynchrones alimentés par onduleurs de tension multicellulaires." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT021H.
Full textToumi, Sana. "Contribution à la commande résiliente aux défaillances des convertisseurs statiques et à la démagnétisation de la génératrice synchrone à aimants permanents d'une hydrolienne." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0120/document.
Full textNowadays, the exploitation of renewable energies in order to generate electricity is growing steadily because they are unlimited resources, free and don’t cause waste or polluting emissions. In this context, it is proposed to study one of these types of energy, which is marine currents energy. In particular, we are interested in fault-tolerant control of tidal turbines. The potential for power generation from marine currents is estimated at 100GW in the world. However, tidal turbines are submitted to severe operational and environmental constraints. These constraints inevitably will lead to these systems performance degradation and the acceleration of their aging process, thus leading to the occurrence of mechanical and/or electrical faults. The implementation of fault-tolerant control techniques will improve the tidal turbines reliability, performance, and reduce costs relating to maintenance operations. The aim of this thesis is to study, model, and simulate a tidal turbine system in healthy and faulty conditions (either in the converter (switch open circuit) or in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (magnet failure). Various fault-tolerant control approaches are therefore evaluated and compared under these specific failure It will therefore be necessary to study the various fault-tolerant controls used in the event of a fault in the generator or in the associated power electronics
Maire, du Poset Aline. "Hydrogels de polygalacturonate réticulés par les ions Fe2+ : impact du mode d'association local sur les mécanismes de gélification, contrôle de la structure multi-échelle et des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK029/document.
Full textThis pHD thesis describes the design of polygalacturonate hydrogels (polyGal) cross-linked by the Fe2+ cations, and their experimental characterization from the molecular scales up to the macroscopic scales, by combining EXAFS spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and rheological measurements. We designed a robust gelling protocol that allowed to obtain reproducible cylindrical gels with controlled concentration gradients from the lower side to the upper side of the gel. The ratio [Fe]/[Gal] has a constant value all along the gel, which demonstrate that the Fe2+ cations are associated with 4 galacturonate units. The comparison of EXAFS measurements and molecular dynamics simulation has shown that these associations followed the "egg-box" model. The crosslinking mechanisms that control the structure of the network made by the chains at local scale is therefore the same throughout the whole gel, which is confirmed by SANS measurements. The formation of the macroscopic concentration gradients comes from the mechanisms that drive the cations diffusion through the gel during the gelation process. These gradients control the gels mechanical properties. Besides, we proved that the “egg-box" association enables to protect Fe2+ against oxidation, which gives to these hydrogels an applicative potential to cure anemia as they could allow to target iron under its bioavailable form up to the gut.We have extended the study to the design of hydrogels with other cations (Ca2+ et Zn2+). The macroscopic properties of these hydrogels are very close to that of the Fe2+-polyGal hydrogels because the cation diffusion that govern the formation of macroscopic gradients during the gelationg process are similar. The hydrogels have however different local structures because the cation- polyGal local association varies from one cation to another. All these results allowed us to propose a generalized mechanism that describes the polygalacturonate hydrogels formation for divalent cations, and thus to tune their structure over several scales. These hydrogels could therefore be some promising tools for the vectorization of active molecules and the control of their release
Geamanu, Marcel-Stefan. "Estimation and dynamic longitudinal control of an electric vehicle with in-wheel electric motors." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871231.
Full textOlejniczak, Olivier. "Asservissement numérique de haute précision d'un axe linéaire par un moteur synchrone à aimants permanents." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP746S.
Full textFaëse, Frédéric. "Génération d'ondes acoustiques de surface par différentes sources lasers : applications à la caractérisation sans contact de défauts." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0039/document.
Full textIndustries like aeronautics or iron and steel industry are more and more interested in laser ultrasonics, which is a cutting-edge technique used in non-destructive testing and evaluation. The main advantages of this acoustic wave generation and detection method are its noncontact feature and its ability to characterize high temperature and/or geometrically complex materials for which conventional methods implementation turns out to be difficult.During this thesis, we dealt with the propagation of surface acoustic waves (SAW) generatedby laser sources and their interaction with different flaws. As analytical models describing theinteraction between SAW and flaws are limited to a few special cases, the theoretical study was preferentially led thanks to the finite element method (FEM) that gave the different waves displacement fields. Experimental results first confirmed analytical models and FEM results suitability. Then, they consisted in studying the interaction between SAW and flaws for different flaw shapes and different thermoelastic sources.FEM results combined with experimental results especially led to an original characterizationmethod based on mode conversion giving both the flaw position and depth thanks to a singleA-scan. Unusual thermoelastic sources have also been implemented and their potentialities in non destructive testing and evaluation applications have been highlighted
André, Thierry. "Contrôle actif de la transition laminaire-turbulent en écoulement hypersonique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2022/document.
Full textDuring a hypersonic flight (Mach 6, 20 km altitude), the boundary layer developing on the forebody of a vehicle is laminar. This state may destabilize the scramjet engine propelling the vehicle. To overcome this problem during the flight, the boundary layer transition has to be forced using a control device whose effect is fixed (passive) or adjustable (active). In this work, we analyze the efficiency of a jet in crossflow in forcing the boundary layer transition on a generic forebody. The flow is computed with a Large Eddy Simulations (LES) approach. A parametric study of the injection pressure allows the efficiency of the jet in tripping the boundary layer to be quantified. The influence of flight conditions (Mach, altitude) on the transition is also studied. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is applied to the simulation results to determine the transition leading to dynamic modes and to understand underlying transition mechanisms. Experiments in the Purdue University quiet wind tunnel (BAM6QT) were performed to quantify the efficiency of a passive transition device (diamond roughnesses) and an active transition device (single air jet) in tripping the boundary layer. A thermo-sensitive paint and pressure transducers (Kulite, PCB) were used to determine the state of the boundary layer on the generic forebody. Experimental and numerical results show a sonic injection is sufficient to induce transition. We observe from the experiments that for the same penetration height, a single roughness is less efficient than a single air jet in destabilizing the boundary layer
Faraut, Gregory. "Commutations sûres de mode pour les systèmes à événements discrets." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945172.
Full textHuo, Weiguang. "Stratégies de commandes assistives pour les exosquelettes des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1041/document.
Full textNeurological problems caused by stroke and spinal cord injury as well as the weakness of skeletal muscles may considerably affect the motor ability of the elderly and infirm. Traditional solutions of assistance and treatment for these dependent people are relatively costly; they generally need significant human efforts and financial resources from caregivers and national healthcare centers. In this context, robotics appears as a convenient and promising solution to develop assistive systems for improving the autonomy of dependent people. Lower limb exoskeletons are wearable robots that can be used as assistive devices for augmenting the wearer’s motor ability and/or improving the effectiveness of neuromuscular rehabilitation. Recently, they have attracted increasing interest in the robotics community. As lower limb exoskeletons exhibit close cognitive and physical interactions with the wearer, a fundamental function is to provide appropriate power assistance by taking into account the wearer’s sensor-motor ability. Consequently, it is of great importance to develop human intention based control strategies. Meanwhile, from the exoskeleton’s viewpoint, the physical contacts with the wearer and the environment are both considered disturbances affecting the accomplishment of the wearer’s desired movements. These disturbances should also be taken into account during the design of control strategies.In this thesis, we develop three assistive control strategies for lower limb exoskeletons. In the meantime, two modes of assistance are studied: the passive mode in which the wearer has very limited motor ability as well as the active-assisted mode in which the wearer has certain motor ability but that is insufficient to perform autonomously a desired physical movement. In the first control strategy, the wearer is assumed to be in passive mode. A robust sliding mode control approach is developed based on the use of a nonlinear disturbance observer, in order to guarantee accurate tracking performance of desired knee joint movements. In the second control strategy, we propose a human intention based nonlinear active impedance control structure, in which the wearer is in an active-assisted mode. This assistive strategy is used to assist the wearer in single-task physical activities, for instance, the knee joint flexion/ extension movement. We investigate the performance of the proposed control structure based on two case studies: knee-joint flexion/extension movements and sit-to-stand movements. Finally, the third control strategy is developed to assist the wearer during walking activities. We propose a new approach that is able to detect the gait mode at the early beginning of a new step using the kinematic features namely velocity and position of the wearer’s feet during walking. The proposed gait mode detection approach makes it possible to select appropriate kinematic and kinetic models for each gait mode. Different assistive strategies are developed: partial gravity compensation, virtual-spring/damper based impedance assistance and zero impedance assistance. These strategies are combined differently according to the estimated wearer’s gait mode. To evaluate the proposed control strategies, two lower limb exoskeleton prototypes are developed: a knee joint lower limb exoskeleton, called EICOSI, and a full lower limb exoskeleton, called E-ROWA
Komati, Bilal. "Automated microassembly using an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors and hybrid force / position control." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2066/document.
Full textThis work proposes the use of an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors for the automationof the microassembly of 3D hybrid MOEMS. Each of the two fingers of the microgripper is composedof a piezoelectric actuator with an integrated piezoresistive force sensor. The integrated force sensorpresents innovative performances compared to the existing force sensors in literature. The forcesensors provide the ability to measure the gripping forces applied by the microgripper to grasp a microcomponentand estimated the contact forces between the microcomponent and the substrate ofmicroassembly. A dynamic nonlinear model of the microgripper is developed. A hybrid force/positioncontrol is used for the automation of the microassembly. In the hybrid force/position control formulation,some axes are controlled in position and others are controlled in force. For the force controlledaxes, a new nonlinear force control scheme based on force tracking sliding mode impedance controlis proposed with parameter estimation. Using the proposed hybrid force/position control scheme, fullautomation of the microassembly is performed, notably for the guiding of a flexible component in arail
Desrues, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de couplage stimulus-réponse impliqués dans le contrôle de la sécrétion d'α-MSH par les cellules mélanotropes de l'hypophyse des amphibiens : mode d'action de la TRH, de la dopamine et du GABA." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES050.
Full textTran, Van Nhu. "Amélioration de l'agrément de conduite via le pilotage du groupe motopropulseur." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871807.
Full textNdao, Bada. "Génération et détection sans contact des ondes de Rayleigh par méthodes ultrasons-laser et EMAT en mode statique et dynamique : application à la détection de défauts surfaciques dans le champignon du rail." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0038/document.
Full textSquats and head-checks are a form of near surface rolling contact fatigue damage found in rail heads. The ability to detect these defects in static and dynamic modes when their depth is under the critical threshold of 5 mm represents a major challenge for the rail industry. Conventional inspection methods do not allow their detection with certainty. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop alternative methods for automatic rail inspection leading to open cracks detection. We show that non-contact methods: Laser-Ultrasonics and electromagnetic transducers (EMAT) are very efficient for the detection of the previously defined defects using surface acoustic waves, particularly in the case of a dynamic control. This study presents two methods for the generation and detection of Rayleigh waves. Static and dynamic tests are performed. The experimental results show the feasibility of the envisaged methods for the detection of squats and head-checks of different depths. Especially, the EMAT tests were satisfactory for high speeds displacement of the sample
Denisse, Munante. "Une approche basée sur l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles pour identifier, concevoir et évaluer des aspects de sécurité." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3035/document.
Full textSoftware engineering is an interdisciplinary approach aiming to formalize the development of systems. This approach begins with defining system requirements and then continues with defining the design, implementation and validation of systems. Historically, systems were isolated and often based on proprietary technologies. Todays, computer systems are interconnected using Internet and standard technologies by promoting interoperability. In spite of undeniable contributions, these changes engender new risks of computer vulnerabilities/attacks. To cope with these risks, information security has improved to implement more or less reliable counter-measures. This thesis is situated at the intersection/crossroads of the software engineering and the information security. It aims to propose an approach that integrates these two fields in a collaborative and complementary manner. Although both fields are closely related, there are few approaches that integrate security aspects into software engineering process, much less from engineering requirements, which allow the assessment of security policies from a high level of abstraction. Hence, this thesis makes a contribution in this area. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an approach based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) and MDA (Model Driven Architecture) which integrates software engineering and information security using models. This approach allows to identify, to design and to assess security aspects in the stages of the system development in order to obtain secure systems
Van, Gorp Jérémy. "Diagnostic et observation d'une classe de systèmes dynamiques hybrides. Application au convertisseur multicellulaire série." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933659.
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