Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle optimal quantique'
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Liu, Kaipeng. "Contrôle quantique optimal et robuste dans des systèmes de petite dimension." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK045.
Full textOptimal control theory (OCT) is the basic and comprehensive method to obtain the optimal solutions of quantum systems controlled by external fields. It provides a powerful set of tools and concepts. One of the goals of the thesis is to design the technique of OCT in two- and three-state quantum systems taking into account losses and robustness, which is of primary importance for the implementation of control techniques in a broad class of platforms.Based on inverse-engineering techniques and the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP), we establish and test the different optimal strategies showing how to control the transfer in three-level quantum systems considering energy- and time-minimum optimal solutions taking into account losses. These results, in particular, show that the usual adiabatic passage in such systems, known as stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), which leads to imperfect transfer, can be made exact thus achieving stimulated Raman exact passage (STIREP) while reducing the energy and the duration costs respectively of the controls.We next combine robustness with optimization. Instead of using a direct optimization procedure from OCT, we develop a technique of geometric optimization that allows the derivation of optimal and robust solutions from an inverse optimization. The method named robust inverse optimization (RIO) allows one to obtain numerical trajectories that can be made as accurate as required. The method is versatile and can be applied to various types of errors and of quantum control problems
Kontz, Cyrill. "Contrôle Optimal de la Dynamique Dissipative de Systèmes Quantiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325098.
Full textHamraoui, Khalid. "Contrôle quantique de la rotation moléculaire et de processus de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK020/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to apply quantum control techniques to manipulate molecular rotation and to enhance the efficiency of processes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.These techniques have been used theoretically and experimentally to control the orientation of a symmetric top molecule by means of THz laser fields. This study has been extended to the case of a long interaction distance between the field and the sample. In this case, the molecule cannot be approximated as isolated. We have also shown the extend to which the time evolution of the degree of orientation can be shaped. Optimal control techniques were used to design the THz field which allows to reach the corresponding dynamics, both at zero and non zero temperatures. Another chapter proposes a new optimization algorithm in the case of periodic quantum dynamics. We apply this algorithm to the maximization of the SNR in NMR. A last chapter is dedicated to a popular paper about the tennis racket effect. This geometric effect can be observed in any asymetric rigid body
Salomon, Julien. "Contrôle en chimie quantique : conception et analyse de schémas d'optimisation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066354.
Full textVan, Damme Léo. "Contrôle optimal de la dynamique des spins : applications en résonance magnétique nucléaire et information quantique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS045/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to apply the optimal control theory to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Quantum Information. In a first step, we introduce the different topics and the dynamics of the analyzed systems. We give the necessary tools to use the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, and also an optimization algorithm, namely GRAPE.The first work is an application of the PMP to the control of a three-spin chain with unequal couplings. We continue with the study of a classical problem called "the tennis racket effect", which is a non-linear phenomenon occuring during the free rotation of a three-dimensional rigid body. We use the results in the following chapter to determine some control laws for a two- level quantum system. The last chapter presents a numerical method which aims at improving the robustness of a quantum NOT gate and at investigating the efficiency of different analytical approaches proposed in the literature
Ansel, Quentin. "Optimal control of inhomogeneous spin ensembles : applications in NMR and quantum optics." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK050/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to apply optimal control theory to the dynamics ofinhomogeneous spin ensembles. The first part focuses on the control of a spin ensemble coupled to a cavity. The theory is introduced in detail, and a general method to efficiently control spins ispresented. Several pulses are derived in the bad/good cavity regimes using numerical optimal control techniques. Additionally, non-linear generalized functions are used in order to derivesimple approximated solutions. In a second step, the problem of spin echo Signal to Noise Ratio maximization is investigated, and maximization conditions are derived. It is shown that new pulses are superior to state-of-the-art square pulses in terms of fidelity and SNR maximization. Moreover, they allow us to explore new situations (e.g. Free Induction Decay measurementsin cavity-QED with a cavity damping longer than T2∗). The second part focuses on standard NMR/MRI problems. Two distinct situations of selectivity are investigated. The first one consists of determining the time minimum pulse which produces the most offset-selective transformation. In the ultra-selectivity case, the optimal solution is a singular arc of constant amplitude. However,if additional robustness constraints are taken into account, the optimal solution can be a regular arc. The second situation is the optimization of databases for MR-fingerprinting experiments. In this case, a control field is designed so that it generates a fingerprint database which maximizesthe recognition process between several spins with different parameters
Ben, Haj Yedder Adel. "Optimisation numérique et contrôle optimal : applications en chimie moléculaire." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005677.
Full textDans le Chapitre 7, on présente des résultats préliminaires sur un autre problème de contrôle par laser utilisant les mêmes outils que ceux présentés dans le premier chapitre. Ce problème concerne l'optimisation de la génération d'harmoniques hautes (HHG) par un atome d'hydrogène excité par un champ laser dans le but de favoriser la création d'un champ laser ultra-court (laser attoseconde).
Dans le Chapitre 8, on présente des outils numériques développés spécifiquement pour traiter des problèmes d'optimisation de géométrie pour la chimie moléculaire.
Dans ce problème on cherche à optimiser la position de N particules dont l'énergie d'interaction est donnée (entre autres) par le potentiel de Lennard-Jones.
Enfin, le chapitre 9 est consacré à des résultats théoriques sur le problème Optimized Effective Potential (OEP) pour la minimisation de l'énergie de Hartree-Fock.
Dans ce problème on se pose la question de la validité de la simplification qui consiste à remplacer les équations de Hartree-Fock par des équations aux valeurs propres plus simples.
Lapert, Marc. "Développement de nouvelles techniques de contrôle optimal en dynamique quantique : de la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à la physique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728830.
Full textChenel, Aurélie. "Dynamique et contrôle de systèmes quantiques ouverts." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061945.
Full textJandura, Sven. "Optimized quantum gates for neutral atom quantum computers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF027.
Full textNeutral atoms have recently emerged as a competitive platform for quantum computing. The development of high delity entangling quantum gates is a key to success of this platform. In this thesis, we develop several new and optimized protocols for the implementation of two- and multi-qubit quantum gates on neutral atoms. We introduce the family of time-optimal protocols, which implement a given quantum gate as fast as possible by applying a single laser pulse with a time-dependent phase. We also explore gate protocols which are particularly robust against certain experimental error sources, and gates which are optimized for their use in a quantum error correction code. Finally, we propose two new protocols to implement non-local multi-qubit gates on neutral atoms coupled to a common cavity mode which can be implemented simply by a classical drive of the cavity. The results of this thesis allow for simpler, higher quality, and more robust quantum gates on neutral atoms, and constitute a step towards realizing the vision of a quantum computer
Cots, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique : méthodes homotopiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742927.
Full textLapert, M. "Développement de nouvelles techniques de contrôle optimal en dynamique quantique : de la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à la physique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639508.
Full textVranckx, Stéphane. "Dynamical study of diatomics : applications to astrochemistry, quantum control and quantum computing." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209261.
Full text1) HeH+, a species of great astrochemical importance which is thought to be the first molecular species to have formed in the universe;
2) CO2+, a metastable dication of particular interest in quantum control experiments due to its long-lived lowest vibrational level;
3) 41K87Rb, a polar molecule that can be formed at very low temperature and trapped, making it a good candidate for quantum computing schemes.
First, we use ab initio methods to compute accurate potential energy curves for the lowest singlet and triplet states of HeH+ as well as the potential energy curves, transition dipole moments and nonadiabatic radial couplings of the ground 3Π state of CO2+ and of its 11 lowest 3Σ- states.
In a second step, we use this ab initio data to compute the photodissociation and radiative association cross sections for the a and b 3Σ+ states of HeH+, as well as the values of the corresponding rate constants for astrophysical environments. The photodissociation cross sections from the lowest vibrational level of CO2+ is also determined.
Going one step further, we optimize laser control fields that drive the photodissociation dynamics of HeH+ and CO2+ towards specific channels. We compare two field optimization methods: a Møller operator-based Local Control approach and Optimal Control Theory. In both cases, we add a constraint that minimizes the area of the optimized fields.
Finally, we focus on one of the potential applications of high-fidelity laser control: the use of small molecular systems as quantum computers. We more specifically study the potential implementation of both intra- and intermolecular logic gates on data encoded in hyperfine states of trapped ultracold polar 41K87Rb molecules, opening interesting perspectives in terms of extensibility.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions théoriquement les propriétés de molécules diatomiques, leur dynamique de réaction ainsi que le contrôle de cette dynamique à l'aide de champs laser. Notre travail porte plus spécifiquement sur trois espèces :
1) HeH+, un composé-clé en astrochimie considéré comme la première espèce moléculaire qui s'est formée dans l'univers ;
2) CO2+, un dication métastable qui se prête bien à des expériences de contrôle quantique en raison du relativement long temps de vie de son état vibrationnel le plus bas ;
3) 41K87Rb, une molécule polaire qui présente la particularité de pouvoir être formée à très basse température et piégée, ce qui en fait un bon support physique potentiel pour la réalisation d'un ordinateur quantique moléculaire.
Nous utilisons tout d'abord des méthodes de calcul ab initio afin d'obtenir les courbes d'énergie potentielle des premiers états singulets et triplets de HeH+ avec un haut de degré de précision, ainsi que les courbes d'énergie potentielle, les moments dipolaires de transition et les couplages non-adiabatiques radiaux de l'état fondamental 3Π de CO2+ et de ses 11 premiers états 3Σ-.
Ensuite, nous utilisons ces données ab initio pour calculer les sections efficaces de photodissociation et d'association radiative des états a et b 3Σ+ de HeH+, ainsi que les constantes cinétiques associées à ces processus dans les conditions rencontrées dans des environnements astrophysiques. Les sections efficaces de photodissociation du niveau vibrationnel le plus bas de CO2+ sont également calculées.
Nous allons ensuite un cran plus loin en optimisant des champs laser qui guident la dynamique de photodissociation de HeH+ et CO2+ vers des canaux de dissociation spécifiques. Nous comparons deux méthodes d'optimisation de ces champs: une approche de contrôle local basée sur les opérateurs de Møller et la théorie du contrôle optimal. Dans le deux cas, nous incluons une contrainte qui minimise l'aire des champs.
Enfin, nous nous concentrons sur l'une des applications possibles du contrôle laser à haute fidélité :l'utilisation de petits systèmes moléculaires comme ordinateurs quantiques. Nous étudions plus spécifiquement l'implémentation possible d'opérations logiques intra- et intermoléculaires sur des données encodées dans des états hyperfins de molécules de 41K87Rb piégées, ce qui ouvre des perspectives intéressantes en terme d'extensibilité.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Ndong, Mamadou. "Contrôle par laser de la dynamique de systèmes quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743288.
Full textAssemat, Élie. "Sur le rôle des singularités hamiltonniennes dans les systèmes contrôlés : applications en mécanique quantique et en optique non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833905.
Full textJbili, Nadia. "Conception et analyse des schémas d'optimisation pour la résonance magnétique nucléaire Optimal periodic control of spin systems : Application to the maximization of the signal to noise ratio per unit time." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED025.
Full textThis thesis deals with optimal control techniques for systems related to quantum mechanics and nuclear magnetic resonance. The work presented in this memory is divided into four parts.In the first part, we focus on to the simultaneous optimal control of the Schrödinger time-dependent equations via a laser field that represents a control term and that is assumed to be submitted to a family of perturbations. This lead us to consider a multi-criteria optimization problem through the introduction of a set of cost functional to be minimized (in the sense of Pareto).In the second part, we study the mathematical framework of the periodic Bloch equation. The necessary first-order optimality conditions are derived. More precisely, we prove the existence of a periodic solution, as well as the existence of an optimum.In the third part, we present a new optimization algorithm for periodic dynamics. This algorithm is applied to the maxi- mization of SNR in NMR. The work here is more of an numerical and algorithmic nature. To our knowledge, this is the first quantum control algorithm to consider periodic dynamics in time. We have shown the efficiency of this method in the case of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous spin system.The last part presents the Shinnar-Le-Roux algorithm (SLR), which is an analytical optimization method. Numerical results were obtained by comparing this method with an iterative grape-type method introduced in previous chapters. The result of this comparison gives an advantage to the SLR algorithm
Assemat, Elie. "Sur le rôle des singularités hamiltoniennes dans les systèmes contrôlés : applications en mécanique quantique et en optique non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804765.
Full textLeclerc, Lucas. "Quantum computing with Rydberg atoms : control and modelling for quantum simulation and practical algorithms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP046.
Full textRefining our understanding of an unknown system through modelling lays the groundwork for optimally controlling it and opens the door to a myriad of potential applications, exploiting the once enigmatic and unpredictable effects of this now-known system. This thesis applies this paradigm to analog quantum computing with Rydberg atoms, showcasing how careful noise modelling, optimal control and machine learning frameworks can support and enhance the simulation of quantum magnetism and the solving of graph-based optimisation and classification problems. After describing the experimental platform enabling the control of Rydberg atoms, we introduce classical tools such as digital twins of noisy systems, tensor network modelling, robust optimal control, and Bayesian optimisation for variational algorithms. We apply the latter to several applications. We improve the preparation of antiferromagnetic state in the Ising model and benchmark the noisy behaviour of a dipolar XY quantum simulator when probing continuous symmetry breaking and performing quantum state tomography. Using optimisation techniques and machine learning methods, we also tackle industrial use cases such as maximum independent set on graphs representing smart charging tasks, binary classification of toxic or harmless molecular compounds, and prediction of fallen angel companies in financial risk management
Cai, Yin. "Quantum coherent control with an optical frequency comb." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0030/document.
Full textMultimode squeezing plays an essential role in quantum informationprocessing and quantum metrology. Using optical frequency combs,we generate multi-temporal-mode state from a synchronouslypumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). An on-demandquantum network simulator is developed using the SPOPO andultrafast pulse shaping; up-to-twelve-node cluster states and asix-partite quantum secret sharing protocol are experimentallyemulated with this simulator. Furthermore, frequency resolvedmultipixel detectors are employed, and used to realize aline-shape-eight-node cluster state. We also developed a multimodequantum spectrometer, which is able to exceed the standardquantum limit for measuring manifold parameters of ultrafast pulses
Le, Gall Claire. "Dynamique et contrôle optique d'un spin individuel dans une boîte quantique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670963.
Full textChambrion, Thomas. "Systèmes contrôlés invariants à gauche sur des groupes de Lie semi-simples compacts : application aux problèmes de contrôle optimal de systèmes quantiques à n niveaux." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS027.
Full textIgnacchiti, Jim. "Contrôle et caractérisation de la cohérence Raman induite par bruit quantique dans des fibres creuses remplies de gaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0056.
Full textThis thesis addresses the design, implementation, and use of an experimental and numerical simulation platform aimed at exciting and amplifying Raman coherence in a controlled manner from quantum noise. The long term objective is to explore stimulated Raman scattering in hollow-core fiber as a means to generate coherent optical frequency combs with a multi-octave spectral width, thus creating a tool for generating arbitrary optical wave functions, such as attosecond pulses, or mode-locked lasers. The principle is based on the excitation of a gas contained in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) by ultrashort laser pulses, in such a way that only one of the coherent and independent spatiotemporal modes of the spontaneous Stokes radiation is excited and amplified. This innovative approach ensures phase modulation of the excitation laser field at very high frequencies without phase noise. It differs from existing techniques, such as molecular modulation, by eliminating the need for a second laser. However, this method requires a single-mode optical guide and exceptionally high Raman gain. In this context, this work focuses then on the generation and measurement of the intra and inter-pulse coherence of the Raman comb to evaluate its potential for the aforementioned applications. To this end, a theoretical model of stimulated Raman scattering in the impulsive regime was developed, highlighting the interest of the transient regime, which amplifies the Stokes field in a single temporal mode. Numerical simulations then detailed the dynamics of the Stokes field through the Raman medium, taking into account factors such as laser depletion. Furthermore, a specific hybrid hollow-core optical fiber was developed, offering low linear losses (a few dB/km at 1030 nm) and exceptional single-mode guidance (MPI up to −47 dB), thus ensuring the spatial coherence of the Raman comb. Two experimental setups were then realized to examine the comb’s coherence, starting with the intra-pulse aspect. An infrared laser adjustable in pulse duration, energy, and repetition rate was coupled into the hydrogen-filled fiber to generate the comb, then analyzed at the output with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high temporal resolution (∼ fs) and wide dynamic range (approximately 50 ps). The results showed that working in the range of 3 − 10 ps and 1 − 10 µJ minimizes parasitic effects such as the Kerr effect, and the mutual coherence is close to unity for all first-order Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, as confirmed by numerical calculations. The study of inter-pulse coherence revealed a complex behavior for pulses spaced less than 1 ns apart and a decrease in coherence corresponding to the coherence relaxation time (∼ 2 ns) for longer delays between pulses. These results highlight the importance of controlling the energy and delay of pulses to maintain high coherence and suggest that excitation lasers with repetition rates around 400 MHz or more can generate mode-locked lasers based on our approach. In conclusion, the advances made during this thesis on the coherence properties of frequency combs demonstrate the potential of stimulated Raman scattering in HCPCFs for optical wave synthesis and pave the way for other applications such as frequency conversion for quantum optics, optical trapping, and molecular cooling
Besombes, Lucien. "Optical control of individual spins in magnetic and charged quantum dots." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916838.
Full textSaelen, Lene. "Quantum control of strongly coupled dynamics in few component systems." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066768.
Full textSantos, Ludovic. "Using quantum optimal control to drive intramolecular vibrational redistribution and to perform quantum computing." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261328.
Full textLa théorie du contrôle optimal quantique est utilisée pour trouver des impulsions optimales permettant de contrôler la dynamique d'un atome et d'une molécule les menant d'un état initial à un état final. Les équations d'évolution obtenues grâce au contrôle optimal limitent l'intensité maximale de l'impulsion et sont résolues itérativement grâce à l'algorithme de Zhu--Rabitz. Le contrôle optimal est utilisé pour réaliser deux objectifs. Le premier est la préparation d'états vibrationnels de l'acétylène qui sont généralement inaccessibles par transition au départ de l'état vibrationnel fondamental. Ces états, appelés états sombres, sont les états cibles de la simulation. Ils appartiennent à la polyade Ns=1, Nr=5 de l'acétylène qui en contient deux ainsi qu'un état, dit brillant, qui lui est accessible depuis l'état fondamental. Les énergies des états du système et les moments de transitions dipolaires sont déterminés à partir d'un Hamiltonien très précis qui confère une précision inhabituelle à la simulation. Un des états sombres apparaît être un candidat potentiel pour une réalisation expérimentale car la population moyenne de cet état reste élevée après l'application de l'impulsion.Les niveaux rotationnels des états vibrationnels sont également pris en compte.Les impulsions optimales obtenues ont une fidélité élevée et leur spectre en fréquence présente des pics résolus.Le deuxième objectif est de proposer la réalisation expérimentale d'un dispositif microscopique capable de simuler une dynamique quantique. Ce travail montre qu'on peut utiliser les états de mouvement d'un ion de Cd^+ piégé dans un potentiel anharmonique pour réaliser la propagation d'un paquet d'onde dans un potentiel harmonique. Ce dispositif stocke l'information de la dynamique simulée grâce aux états de mouvements et l'impulsion optimale manipule l'information pour réaliser les propagations. En effet, démarrant d'un état quantique initial, l'impulsion agit sur le système en modifiant les états de mouvements de l'ion de telle sorte que la superposition finale des états de mouvements corresponde aux résultats de la dynamique. De la dissipation est incluse pour tester la robustesse de l'impulsion face à des perturbations du potentiel anharmonique. Les impulsions optimales obtenues ont une fidélité élevée ce qui montre que le système a correctement réalisé la simulation de dynamique quantique.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Abajyan, Pavel. "Génération et contrôle de peignes de fréquences optiques dans les lasers à cascade d'interbande (ICL)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS024.
Full textOptical frequency combs (OFCs) are coherent light sources that emit a broad spectrum of discrete, perfectly spaced modes, each with an absolute frequency measurable with the precision of an atomic clock.OFCs in the mid-infrared (MIR 3-12 μm) have recently become of great interest to molecular spectroscopy by the presence of strong absorption of molecular vibration and rotation modes in the spectroscopic "fingerprint" region. Nevertheless, the operation of the OFC in the crucial mid-infrared region (MWIR 3-6 μm) remains significantly underdeveloped compared to other parts of the MIR.In this work, we present an in-depth experimental study of a new generation of interband cascade laser (ICL) and their potential for OFCs in MWIR. The thesis provides proof of the OFC regime both by high-frequency beatnote spectroscopy (BN), and by the new technique of temporal reconstruction of the ultrafast dynamics of these lasers, this making it possible to "visualize" the control of the type of operation of the OFC in ICL. In particular, was carried out the optoelectrical characterization of a set of ICLs with a range of geometries, with the aim of studying low group delay dispersion (GDD) ICLs at longer wavelengths than those previously studied: an ICL operating at 3.8 μm with a 2-section architecture, ICLs operating at 4.1 μm, and another generation of ICL operating at a wavelength of 4.2 μm designed with a wide spectral gain. OFC regime formation and GDD are linked and important for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of OFC formation. ICLs were studied using optical and electrical BN spectroscopy. Passive mode locking (PML) (or free running) and active mode locking (AML) were demonstrated. For 2-section ICLs, where the ICL is divided into a long part and a short part for a single cavity, the exact effect of the small section on the BN has been explained: allows to (a) control very finely the intracavity GDD, (b) introducing losses and showing that we converge towards PML behavior.This work then feeds into the case of ICLs operating at longer wavelengths in a single section cavity and where the GDD is expected to be less. In the particular case of the ICLs operating at 4.1 μm, we demonstrate a strong optical BN, which can be injection locked by radio frequency (RF) injection at the round trip frequency of the ICL, showing the first-steps of active modelocking. This injection locking was achieved using a simple single-section laser architecture with very low waveguide dispersion, and showing that adapting the ICL waveguide for RF operation is not a fundamental requirement. In the final part of the thesis, we show the implementation of the "Shifted Wave Interference Fourier Transform Spectroscopy" (SWIFTS) technique, used in two different configurations, to reconstruct the laser's temporal intensity profile at ultrafast timescales. This permits to demonstrate the nature of OFC generated in these ICLs. Indeed, we show that the ICL operates in the frequency modulation (FM) regime when free-running and transits towards an amplitude modulation (AM) regime when actively modelocked. Interestingly, we also show that ICLs can generate short pulses of ~6.7 ps in free-running operation, despite FM operation, and highlight the control of the pulse width and peak intensity via RF injection. This permits to compress the free-running pulses by a factor of 2.3 to obtain sub-3 ps pulses.This work constitutes an important step in the creation and control of OFCs in the MWIR region. The prospects are to broaden the spectral bandwidth of ICLs and generate high-power ultrashort pulses in the MWIR and beyond
Borsalino, Dimitri. "Molécules polaires ultra-froides : structure électronique et contrôle optique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112232/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with ultracold molecules research, which interest has been growing for several years. Unlike atoms, laser-cooling molecules is very difficult. Alternative methods are necessary to be searched for in order to create ultracold molecular gases. This theoretical work focuses on a particular type of heteronuclear diatomic molecules, possessing an intrinsic electric or magnetic dipole moment, from which originates their mutual anisotropic interactions.Based on the precise knowledge of KRb and KCs molecules (possessing a significant intrinsic electric dipole moment) spectroscopy, combined with theoretical results, the cooling of their internal degrees of freedom using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP), a laser process bringing molecules towards their absolute ground state, has been modelled. Several STIRAP schemes have been investigated and compared regarding their efficiency. The RbCa molecule has then been studied, which spectroscopy is still unknown. The ability of controlling the anisotropic interactions induced by the simultaneous presence of an electric and magnetic dipole moment provided by this species is a clear advantage. The electronic structure of RbCa has been computed with two methods, thus allowing to estimate the reliability of the results. A scheme of laser transitions bringing to the formation of cold RbCa molecules from separate atoms has been proposed.Manipulating and trapping molecules relies on the precise knowledge of their response to an external electromagnetic field, characterised by their dynamic dipolar polarisability. The quantum chemistry calculations mentioned earlier allowed us to compute high-lying excited states, dynamic polarisability has then been computed for a whole set of diatomic molecules (alkali dimers, RbCa, RbSr, …). The optimal parameters for trapping those molecules has then been determined
Hadj, Alouane Mohamed Helmi. "Vers des émetteurs de lumière de longueurs d’ondes contrôlées à base de nanostructures InAs/InP." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0045/document.
Full textLa complexité des systèmes de télécommunications par fibre optique évolue rapidement de façon à offrir plus de bande passante. Comme ce fut le cas pour l’industrie de la microélectronique, l’intégration de composants photoniques avancés est requise pour la production de composants de haute qualité aux fonctions multiples. C’est dans ce contexte, que s’inscrit ce travail qui consiste à contrôler la longueur d’onde d’émission des nanostructures InAs fabriquées dans deux types matrice InP. En effet, le premier volet de ce travail consiste à étudier les îlots quantiques InAs dans une matrice d’InP massif et sera dédié principalement à l’investigation de l’impact de l’interdiffusion sélective sur les propriétés optiques de bâtonnets quantiques (BaQs) élaborées par l’épitaxie par jets moléculaires (EJM). Un prototype d’une source modulable en longueur a été achevé à base de ces hétérostructures. Un modèles théorique qui traite de l’activation et du transfert thermique des porteurs à travers les BaQs de différentes tailles, créés par l’implantation ionique contrôlée a été développé. Les acquits obtenues dans le premier thème nous ont permis d’aborder une deuxième thématique très concurrentielle liée à l’étude des structures à Nanofils (NFs) InP et des hétérostructures à nanofils InAs/InP allant des structures 1D cœur/coquilles aux structures contenant une BQ InAs par nanofil InP par EJM en mode VLS (Vapeur-Liquide-Solide) sur substrat silicium. Nous avons révélé par différentes techniques spectroscopiques (PL, excitation de PL, microPL, PLRT) des propriétés optiques très spécifiques et particulièrement intéressantes : fort rapport surface/volume impactant sur les durées de vie des porteurs photocrés, présence de différentes phases cristallines (Wurtzite et Zinc-blende) au sein d’un même nanofil en fonction des conditions de croissance. Nous avons pu réaliser des couches actives des émetteurs à base de NFs dans lesquels nous avons privilégié la formation de segments d’InAs assimilables à des boîtes quantiques avec une forte localisation spatiale des porteurs et un très fort maintient de la luminescence en fonction de la température. Les mesures de PL montrent que les segments d’InAs émettent dans la gamme 1.3-1.55 µm ce qui montre le potentiel d’applications de ce type de nanofils dans une technologie des télécommunications par fibres optiques
Bouganne, Raphaël. "Probing ultracold ytterbium in optical lattices with resonant light : from coherent control to dissipative dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS391.
Full textIn this manuscript I present an experimental investigation of the dynamics of an ultracold gas of bosonic ytterbium loaded into optical lattices and exposed to resonant light. The interaction between atoms and light makes it possible to study the coherence properties of the gas. The resonant driving is performed on the relevant optical transitions featured by ytterbium. On the one hand, I demonstrate the coherent driving of the internal state of the atoms on the clock transition, the excited state of which is metastable and can not spontaneously decay, thus preserving the coherence of the gas. The temporal internal dynamics in a deep lattice allows me to measure the collisional properties at low temperature for both clock states. On the other hand, I use the spontaneously emitted photons of the intercombination transition excited level to induce a coupling to the atomic external degrees of freedom. I present the momentum diffusion of a superfluid excited on this transition. Strong interactions between atoms slow down the decoherence and lead to an anomalous sub-diffusive relaxation. A simple model comprising atomic motion, interactions and dissipation accounts for our observations. A theoretical study of the dissipative dynamics in optical lattices sheds light on complementary phenomena such as induced dipole-dipole interactions or collective effects in spontaneous emission
Aouani, Heykel. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'exaltation et le contrôle de la fluorescence moléculaire dans des volumes sub-longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624233.
Full textKim, Dong Ha. "A new nonlinear hydrologic river routing model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45931.
Full textBénézet, Cyril. "Study of numerical methods for partial hedging and switching problems with costs uncertainty." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7079.
Full textIn this thesis, we give some contributions to the theoretical and numerical study to some stochastic optimal control problems, and their applications to financial mathematics and risk management. These applications are related to weak pricing and hedging of financial products and to regulation issues. We develop numerical methods in order to compute efficiently these quantities, when no closed formulae are available. We also study backward stochastic differential equations linked to some new switching problems, with costs uncertainty