Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle impulsionnelle'
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Bontaz, Joëlle. "Une méthode photothermique impulsionnelle appliquée au contrôle de matériaux composites." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10523.
Full textHamadène, Saïd. "Contribution au contrôle impulsionnel en information partielle." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066262.
Full textLescribaa, Dominique. "Caractérisation et contrôle des revêtements déposés au plasma par échographie impulsionnelle et microscopie acoustique basse fréquence." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0066.
Full textThis work deals with characterization and testing of plasma sprayed coatings using ultrasonic non destructive methods. The acoustic characterization of the coatings is made by measuring velocity and attenuation of waves with a method based on ultrasonic spectroscopy. Microstructural observations show porosity and microcracking in the plasma materials and allow us to explain the particular acoustic properties of these coatings that are a low velocity and a high attenuation. The testing of the interfaces bas been carried out using the pulse echograpby and the low frequency acoustic microscopy techniques. The knowledge of acoustic properties allows us to interpret, to model and to predict the acoustic responses got from the coated systems. In particular, in the case of the low frequency acoustic microscopy we have modelled the V(z) response of the systems using a method based on decomposition of the field radiated by the transducer in his plane waves angular spectrum. At last the coatings used like thermal barrier are tested at high temperature submitting them to repetitive thermal solicitations. The coating damage at its interface and the acoustic properties evolution are followed by the previously developed techniques
Enguehard, Franck. "Mesure de la diffusivité thermique radiale de matériaux anisotropes et détection de fractures transverses par la technique photothermique impulsionnelle de diffusion convergente." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0235.
Full textOuarradi, Noureddine. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du champ ultrasonore transitoire généré par un transducteur plan dans un milieu solide homogène et isotrope : Approche de la réponse impulsionnelle de diffraction." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/00c238b0-7907-4a5d-a70f-ddf9c707e8e9.
Full textCai, Jiatu. "Méthodes asymptotiques en contrôle stochastique et applications à la finance." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC338.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]
Guilliorit, Emmanuel. "Génération d'ondes acoustiques par micro-ondes impulsionnelles." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12421.
Full textBaradel, Nicolas. "Contrôle Stochastique Impulsionnel avec Incertitude en Finance et en Assurance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED078.
Full textThis PhD thesis is composed of three chapters, which deal with applications of impulse control in Finance and Insurance. In the first chapter, we introduce a general framework of impulse control with uncertainty. Knowing a prior on unknown parameters, we explain how it should evolve and we integrate it in the formulation of the optimal control problem. We characterize the solution via a parabolic quasi-variational partial differential equation, which can be solved numerically. We give examples of application in finance. In the second chapter, we define an impulse control problem with uncertainty arising in actuarial sciences. A (re-)insurer faces natural disasters and may issue CAT bonds in order to reduce the risk taken. The problem is solved using a PDE approach. A numerical scheme and different examples of application are provided. In the last chapter, we propose a price model defined through a completely endogenous order book. We solve optimal impulse control problems (order placement) of rational economic agents that we gather on the same market
Guignard, Céline Martine. "Réalisation de sources impulsionnelles pour les télécommunications optiques." Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260197.
Full textGuignard, Celine. "Réalisation de sources impulsionnelles pour les télécommunications." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260197.
Full textYang, Yingying. "Innovative non-destructive methodology for energy diagnosis of building envelope." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0913/document.
Full textBuildings represent a large share in terms of energy consumption, such as 35% in the member countries of IEA (2010) and 39.8% in U.S. (2015). Climate controlling (space heating and space cooling) occupies more than half of the consumption. While this consumption can be reduced by improving the building energy efficiency, in which the thermal performance of building envelope plays a critical role. Therefore, the thermal diagnosis of building envelope is of great important, for example, in the case of new building accreditation, retrofitting energy efficiency of old building and the building resale and renting. However, very few diagnostic methods exist for the characterization of thick walls. The present measurement standards that based on steady state heat transfer regime need a long time (several days). The classical transient technologies, such as flash method, are difficult to implement on the walls because of the large thickness of walls and the complex conditions in situ. This thesis aims to explore innovative methodologies for thermal quantitative diagnosis of building envelope. Two experimental cases were carried out: one is in laboratory (IFSTTAR, Nantes) and the other is in situ (IUT, Bordeaux). Different sensors and instruments were studied to measure the wall heat flux and surface temperature, and provided some guidelines for the choice of sensors and data processing protocols as well. Using these measured data, three estimation approaches were proposed to estimate the thermal parameters of the multilayer thick wall: pulse response curve method, step response curve method and inverse method, which can be applied for different diagnostic situations. In addition, an innovative NDE (non-destructive evaluation) method using terahertz (THz) radiation was also investigated. Measurements were carried out in I2M laboratory to characterize the absorption coefficient of standard building materials (insulation, plaster, concrete, wood ...). This THz method can be combined with a previous thermal method to provide some complementary information
Amami, Rim. "Contrôle impulsionnel appliqué à la gestion de changement de technologie dans une entreprise." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1561/.
Full textWe study an impulse control problem with switching technology in infinite horizon. Our goal is to look for an optimal strategy which maximizes the firm value function. In the first part of this thesis, we assume that the firm decides at certain time (impulse time) to switch the technology and the firm value (for example a recapitalization). We show that the value function for such problems satisfies a dynamic programming principle. In the second part, we solve the impulse control problem in case of deterministic impulse times on specific transition kernel examples. The third part is devoted to extend to the infinite horizon case results of double barrier reflected backward stochastic differential equations. The properties of the Snell envelope reduce our problem to the existence of a pair of continuous processes, which allows to exhibit a constructive solution of the optimal impulse control
Charton, Stephane. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle en ligne des opérations de soudage par laser ND : Yag impulsionnel." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS047.
Full textMouraud, Anthony. "Approche distribuée pour la simulation évènementielle de réseaux de neurones impulsionnels : application du contrôle des saccades oculaires." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0271.
Full textSimulating Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) with a sequentialevent-driven approach consumes less computation time than clock-drive methods. On the other hand, parallel computing supports provide a larger amount of material ressources for optimizing simulation performance. This PhD dissertation proposes DAMNED a Distributed And Multithreaded Neural Event-Driven simulation framework. DAMNED distributes the neurons and connections of the network on the material ressources synchronized through a decentralized globa virtual time and couples local multithreaded processing to the distributed hardware. DAMNED allows to speed up the simulation and to manage wider neural networks than sequential processing. DAMNED is suited to- run many models of spiking neurons and networks, and most material supports are workable. Using DAMNED is presented first on simple networks for different sizes, connectivities and activities. Next, DAMNED is applied to model and study the interactions between the neural circuits of the saccadic system located in the brainstem with SNN. The model helps validating the hypothesis that the saccade amplitude could be encoded by a vector summation of the activitie in the superior colliculus motor map rather than a vector average, compared to data obtained in the simulation. The originality of the present work is to couple event-driven and distributed programming: Moreover, DAMNED is the first SNN simulator taking advantage of an event-driven strategy internal multithreading of the logic processes and a distributed architecture of physical processes. Hence DAMNED is an advance in the area of simulating wide sizes of spiking neuron networks
Polge, David. "Amplificateur de puissance à polarisation contrôlée et à faible variation du temps de propagation de groupe pour systèmes de localisation en technologie ultra large bande impulsionnelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0206/document.
Full textThe use of impulse radio (IR) ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for indoor localization systems both improves signal accuracy and reduces disturbances from multipath. A new standard for emergency situations requires the design of a higher output power UWB power amplifier (PA) as the usual maximum output power has been raised by 20 dB in order to allow the signal to pass through thick obstacles, thus helping rescue operations. First, a UWB PA state of the art is presented, and the design of both a power cell and a driver cell are detailed, to achieve the required output power level and additional gain, respectively. Finally, a bias controlled amplification system is described, taking advantage of the IR profile of the UWB signal. The PA is activated only for pulse occurrences, reducing drastically its power consumption
Chamelot, Pierre. "Le dépôt électrolytique de niobium dans les sels fondus : électrocristallisation ; contrôle et conduite de procédé par les techniques électrochimiques impulsionnelles." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30236.
Full textArnaud, Nicolas. "Contrôle global de la partie centrale du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo. Recherche de signaux impulsionnels: application aux coincidences entre interféromètres." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006624.
Full textArnaud, Nicolas. "Contrôle global de la partie centrale du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo : recherche de signaux impulsionnels : application aux coi͏̈ncidences entre interféromètres." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112042.
Full textThe Virgo interferometer is aimed at achieving the first direct detection of the gravitational waves. Before the availability of the complete detector, some preliminary activities are taking place: tests of the different sub-systems on the central interferometer (CITF) and simulations of the future data analysis. I worked in both fields: on the longitudinal control of the cavities and on the search of on-line detection triggers for implulsive sources. To reach its sensitivity, Virgo must be kept at its working point by longitudinal and angular servo controls. The Global Control steers this task centrally. After having presented its hardware and software features, one shows that they follow the necessary requirements. Hen its uses on the ITF are described, in particular during cavity resonance acquisitions, first for the simple Michelson, then for the whole CITF (recycling mirror aligned). In parallel, the tested strategies as well as the first experimental results are presented. .
Geeraert, Alizée. "Contrôle optimal stochastique des processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux et application à l’optimisation de maintenance." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0602/document.
Full textWe are interested in a discounted impulse control problem with infinite horizon forpiecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs). In the first part, we model the evolutionof an optronic system by PDMPs. To optimize the maintenance of this equipment, we study animpulse control problem where both maintenance costs and the unavailability cost for the clientare considered. We next apply a numerical method for the approximation of the value function associated with the impulse control problem, which relies on quantization of PDMPs. The influence of the parameters on the numerical results is discussed. In the second part, we extendthe theoretical study of the impulse control problem by explicitly building a family of є-optimalstrategies. This approach is based on the iteration of a single-jump-or-intervention operator associatedto the PDMP and relies on the theory for optimal stopping of a piecewise-deterministic Markov process by U.S. Gugerli. In the present situation, the main difficulty consists in approximating the best position after the interventions, which is done by introducing a new operator.The originality of the proposed approach is the construction of є-optimal strategies that areexplicit, since they do not require preliminary resolutions of complex problems
Rao, Zhiping. "L'approche Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman pour des problèmes de contrôle optimal avec des coefficients discontinus." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00927358.
Full textMaroso, Stefania. "Analyse numérique de problèmes de contrôle stochastique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066384.
Full textOptimal stochastic control problems have a large number of applications in problems of economy, finance (see e. G. The portfolio selection problem in a market with risky assets and non-risky assets, the investment problem and the super-replication price in a model with uncertain volatility), and management of energy. These are typical situations in where we are faced to a dynamical system which evolves under some conditions of uncertainty, and where we have to take a decision at every time, to optimize an economical criterion. In particular, the control variable acts on the state of the system. Stochastic control problems are historically handled with the Bellman dynamic programming principle, which leads to obtain a characterization of the value function of the optimal control problem as solution of a partial differential equation, said the Hamilton-Jacobi- Bellman equation. In most cases, the value function is not sufficiently smooth to satisfy the HJB-equation in the classical sense. It is for this reason that the notion of viscosity solution, introduced by Crandall and Lions for the deterministic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, has been extended to the second order problem by Lions. The theory of viscosity solutions, provided an extremely convenient framework for dealing with the lack of smoothness of the value function of the optimal stochastic control problem. In some situations, the value function could be smooth : this is the case, for example, of the Merton portfolio selection problem, for which a classical solution of the correspondent HJB-equation can be performed. However, in the general case, the HJB-equation can not be solved explicitly, hence it is necessary to analyze it numerically. In particular a discretization of the HJB-equation via Markov chain approximation is considered, and an approximate solution is computed. It is then necessary to guarantee that the numerical solution is a good approximation of the viscosity solution, and for this reason a theory of error estimate has been developed. This theory leads to obtain a theoretical estimate of the differences between the viscosity solution and the discrete solution. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part we give error estimates for a problem on stochastic game theory, and stochastic impulse control problem. Both these problems have some particular difficulties, and classical results on error estimate can not be applied directly. The second part concerns a study of some algorithms to implement, in particular for two problems : a stochastic impulse control problem, and a problem with unbounded control
Sbai, Khalid. "Application de l'approche de la réponse impulsionnelle à la modélisation du rayonnement de transducteurs acoustiques de structure arbitraire." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687979.
Full textDeaconu, Georgia Iuliana. "On the trajectory design, guidance and control for spacecraft rendezvous and proximity operations." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2105/.
Full textRecent space missions rely more and more on the cooperation between different spacecraft in order to achieve a desired objective. Among the spacecraft proximity operations, the orbital rendezvous is a classical example that has generated a large amount of studies since the beginning of the space exploration. However, the motivations and objectives for the proximity operations have considerably changed. The need for higher autonomy, better security and lower costs prompts for the development of new guidance and control algorithms. The presence of different types of constraints and physical limitations also contributes to the increased complexity of the problem. In this challenging context, this dissertation represents a contribution to the development of new spacecraft guidance and control algorithms. The works presented in this dissertation are based on a structural analysis of the spacecraft relative dynamics. Using a simplified model, a new set of parametric expressions is developed for the relative motion. This parametrization is very well suited for the analysis of the geometric properties of periodic relative trajectories and for handling different types of state constraints. A formal connection is evidenced between the set of parameters that define constrained trajectories and the cone of positive semi-definite matrices. This result is exploited in the design of spacecraft relative trajectories for proximity operations, in the impulsive control framework. The resulting guidance algorithms enable the guaranteed continuous constraints satisfaction, while still relying on semi-definite programming tools. The problem of the robustness of the computed maneuvers with respect to navigation uncertainties is also addressed
Bruder, Benjamin. "Contrôle stochastique et applications à la couverture d'options en présence d'illiquidité: Aspects théoriques et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262019.
Full textRao, Zhiping. "Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman approach for optimal control problems with discontinuous coefficients." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/92/73/58/PDF/Thesis.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Dynamical Programming and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman approach for a general class of deterministic optimal control problems with discontinuous coefficients. The tools essentially used in this work are based on the control theory, the viscosity theory for Partial Differential Equations, the nonsmooth analysis and the dynamical systems. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the state constrained problem of discontinuous trajectories driven by impulsive dynamical systems. A characterization result of the value function of this problem has been obtained. Another contribution of this part consists of the extension of the HJB approach for the problems with time-measurable dynamical systems and in presence of time-dependent state constraints. The second part is devoted to the problem on stratified domain, which consists of a union of subdomains separated by several interfaces. One of the motivations of this work comes from the hybrid control problems. Here new transmission conditions on the interfaces have been obtained to ensure the uniqueness and the characterization of the value function. The third part investigates the homogenization of Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the framework of state-discontinuous Hamiltonians. This work considers the singular perturbation of optimal control problem on a periodic stratified structure. The limit problem has been analyzed and the associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation has been established. This equation describes the limit behavior of the value function of the perturbed problem when the scale of periodicity tends to 0
Guilbaud, Fabien. "Contrôle optimal dans des carnets d'ordres limites." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778458.
Full textKharroubi, Idris. "EDS Rétrogrades et Contrôle Stochastique Séquentiel en Temps Continu en Finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439542.
Full textJoseph, Xavier. "Contrôle stochastique appliqué à l'évaluation et à la couverture des garanties de change Coface." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066441.
Full textBernhart, Marie. "Modélisation et méthodes d'évaluation de contrats gaziers : approches par contrôle stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576355.
Full textLy, Vath Vathana. "Quelques applications du contrôle stochastique aux options réelles et au risque de liquidité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119754.
Full textUrbina, Iglesias Laura Sofia. "Guidance and robust control methods for the approach phase between two orbital vehicles with coupling between translational and rotational motions." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30086/document.
Full textThe techniques related to formation flying and proximity operations of autonomous satellites belong to the most significant and challenging operational space technologies of the last years. In particular, they require full mastery of the close-range rendezvous and observation phases by an active satellite with a passive satellite, station or debris. The development of efficient and safe associated GNC systems relies on the knowledge of a dynamic model that achieves a good trade-off between low complexity and sufficient inclusion of the main dynamic and kinematic characteristics of this type of systems.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the development of a unified modeling of the relative coupled dynamics between a cooperative chaser satellite and a non-cooperative target satellite. Indeed, when two satellites are close to each other, they can no longer be treated as point masses because their shape and size affect the relative motion between the decentralized points, leading to a translational-attitude motions coupling. This development is addressed in a progressive way: the relative nonlinear translational motion is described under Keplerian assumptions in the target's orbital reference frame, as well as the associated linearized model. Then, the nonlinear relative attitude model is presented by means of the Euler-Rodrigues parameters. Finally, the dual quaternion formalism is used to obtain the relative translational and attitude coupled model. The modeling phase concerning the linear relative translational motion has allowed us to highlight certain coordinates transformations leading to an interesting characterization of the chaser's periodic trajectories and thus, to propose a first type of control law for the close-phase rendezvous and observation phases.All along this work, we consider a chaser satellite equipped with chemical thrusters under the classical hypothesis of impulsive thrusts. This type of dynamic systems gathering continuous dynamics and impulsive control naturally belongs to a particular class of dynamical hybrid systems. Several hybrid control laws are then proposed in order to stabilize the chaser on a periodic reference trajectory close to the target. The stability and convergence properties of these different laws are analysed and several numerical simulations show the strengths and weaknesses of each controller in terms of performance indices such as convergence time, consumption and safety constraints. In a second step, additional operational constraints (line-of-sight constraints for example) are taken into account by imposing a rectilinear (glideslope) direction to the chaser. This trajectory requires the chaser satellite to follow a straight line in any direction of the local reference frame and connecting the current location of the chaser to its final destination. Under the impulsive propulsion assumptions, the results in the literature for this type of approach have been generalized to elliptic orbits by identifying a new formulation of the problem including useful degrees of freedom, which allow minimizing the fuel consumption while controlling the humps of the trajectory outside the glideslope line by enclosing it in a user-defined approach corridor. Guidance laws are therefore synthetized via the solution of an SDP optimisation problem in the general case and via a linear programming when considering standard cases like the V-bar or R-bar approaches
Deaconu, Georgia. "Pas de titre en français." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919883.
Full textXu, Jing. "Design of a conveyance device based on a digital actuators array and structured plate." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2273/document.
Full textThe open loop control is widely used by the digital systems to facilitate the integration in complex systems because no sensor is needed. The research is based on digital actuator which is composed of a mobile part and a fixed part. The actuator moves between the discrete positions. The discrete displacement consumes low energy, which is controlled by impulse only needed to switch the actuator between the discrete positions. However, the stroke of digital actuator is fixed at the manufacturing. So the digital actuators array is used to obtain variable strokes. A digital actuators array used here with a structured plate is applied as a 2D planar conveyance. Firstly, an actuators array composed of 25 elementary actuators with a flat plate is studied. The simulated results are compared with the experimental results. Then another actuators array composed of four elementary actuators with a structured plate is designed. The design and the plate displacement are firstly presented. Then the prototype of the conveyance is fabricated with laser cutting machine and 3D printer. The experiment is then tested in one direction to study the plate displacement. The open loop control is simple by using current impulse. The operation can be well functioned which is observed during the experiment. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results
Bazinette, Rémy. "Effet de la forme d'excitation électrique sur une décharge contrôlée par barrière diélectrique (dbd) à la pression atmosphérique et application au dépôt de couche mince." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3009/document.
Full textThe homogeneous discharge controlled by dielectric barrier at atmospheric pressure and their applications are a promising field of activity because of their advantages in contrast with the low pressure processes, especially for the on line treatment of large surface without pumping system. The physics of these discharges as the thin film properties obtained are well established with low frequency sinusoidal (<200 kHz) and radiofrequency excitation (13.56MHz). This is what is explored in this thesis aimed to find and explore new modes of homogeneous DBD and maximizing the power to optimize the deposition rate while maintaining quality thin layers. To achieve this goal, an original device has been developed varying the excitation frequency from 100 kHz to 18 MHz. The frequency increase on this range have many consequences. In an Ar-NH3 mixture, the discharge regime becomes successively a glow (GDBD) then Townsend (TDBD) around 250 kHz then RF-DBD from 3 MHz. The electrical and optical measurements that have been done show that the average power of the homogeneous discharges increases by a factor of 30 between GDBD regime and RF-DBD regime (up to 35 W/cm3) while the breakdown voltage is reduced by a factor 6. These observations coupled to the discharge emission spectra indicate that the electron density increases by several orders of magnitude while their energy decreases. These results are due to a change of the ionization mechanism with a dominant role of the secondary electron emission at the cathode in low frequency regime (GDBD and TDBD) while the volume ionization is dominate in RF-DBD. Both transitions between GDBD-TDBD regimes and TDBD-RF-DBD are studied. The first is related to the ion transit from the anode to the cathode which becomes longer than the half-period. In consequence, the cathode fall is not formed. The second transition is related to ions and electrons trapping which depends on the applied voltage, the value of the inter-electrode space and frequency.These discharges regime are compared to Nanopulsed repetitively discharge (NPR-DBD). The conditions leading to a homogeneous discharge are found. In homogeneous regime the maximum of the discharge power is 17 W/cm3 which is 17 times higher than for a low sinusoidal voltage for the same frequency. It is obtained for a repetition frequency of 30 kHz with a 10 ns voltage pulse. Hydrogenated silica and silicon nitride thin film obtained from SiH4 with GDBD, RF-DBD and NPR-DBD were studied. In all cases, the deposition rate is defined by the discharge power. The increase of the discharge power with the frequency increases the deposition rate from 30 nm/min to 90 nm/min. However with the use of silane at room temperature, nanoparticles are formed in RF regime when the discharge power is high. The amplitude modulation allows to prevent the formation of powders. AS far as the energy injected during Ton is less than 100 μJ. As the precursors are not consumed by the formation of powders, they are available for the growth of the layer thereby doubling the deposition rate compared to the continuous process for the same average power. Increasing the growth rate without powders with the average power requires an increase in the modulation frequency (> 1 kHz) i.e. a short Ton to limit the injected energy. Thus this work has highlighted a new discharge regime, the TDBD in Ar-NH3 and compared the GDBD, TDBD, RF-DBD and NRP-DBD discharge in the same configuration. For the first time, RF-DBD coating have been made and it has been shown that modulation of plasma, although it decreases the discharge power, can significantly increase the deposition rate
Koeta, Ouya. "Élimination des polluants par plasmas froids et association à la catalyse : acétaldéhyde et phénol." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112131/document.
Full textThis work aimed to study the degradation of aqueous phenol by humid air GlidArc plasma and to study the removal of acetaldehyde in atmospheric gas by pulsed DBD plasma. The parametric study of phenol degradation showed an increase in efficiency as a function of the initial concentration and humid air flow. The increase of the inter-electrodes gap has increased nitrate ions concentration. The numerous reaction products formed consist mostly of carboxylic acids. Other byproducts identified are hydroquinone, para-nitrophenol and para-nitrosophenol. By-products identification enabled drawing a reaction scheme of phenol degradation. The acetaldehyde removal has been achieved in temperature conditions ranging from ambient to 300°C and in two types of mixtures: CH3CHO/N2 and CH3CHO/N2/O2 (up to 10 % O2). The results showed that the energy cost decreases in the presence of oxygen in the mixture as well as when the temperature increases. In CH3CHO/N2, the main by-products are CO, H2, CH4, HCN, C2H6, CH3CN whereas in oxygenated mixtures, CO2 and CO, CH2O, CH3OH are the most important by-products. The kinetic study following this analysis, by using a simplified 0D model has highlighted the key role of the quenching of nitrogen metastables states and that of the oxidation of acetaldehyde, caused in particular by O and OH. The modeling also helped understanding the formation processes of major by-products. A MnO2 based catalyst was placed downstream of plasma zone in order to decompose ozone that is abundantly formed in oxygenated mixtures especially at low temperature. The atomic oxygen produced during this decomposition is used to oxidize the residual acetaldehyde and its by-products. The energy cost was thus decreased and the concentrations of certain by-products such as CH2O and CH3OH have been reduced as well
Muhr, Eloi. "Conception de générateurs d'impulsions et des circuits de mise en forme reconfigurables associés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4346.
Full textSince 2002, various frequency bands of several GHz called "Ultra-WideBand" (UWB), generally between 3,1GHz and 10,6GHz, were liberalized in the world for wireless data transmission. The width of these bands is that it becomes possible to use pulses instead of a modulated carrier to transmit data. Indeed, as the spectrum of a pulse is inversely proportional to its duration, a wide range of frequencies is required for the transmission of information via pulses. However, it becomes possible to increase the rates by moving closer the emitted pulses when this is necessary, while providing the ability to switch off the circuits and thus reduce power consumption when two pulses are sufficiently far in time.To standardize the use of UWB frequency bands, standards such as IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.6 standards have emerged and have chosen to cut these frequency bands in channels of 500MHz and more. The aim of this thesis is also to propose a reconfigurable pulse transmitter structure with a fine enough control to address the different channels of IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.6 standard and, using only digital circuits to target low cost applications. For this, a theoretical study on the shaping of pulses required is made. Then it comes to the design of the various functions necessary for the implementation of a reconfigurable pulse transmitter, such as the implementation of a voltage controlled oscillator for 3,1GHz band-10,6GHz with quick start ability and the required oscillations shaping circuit
Souakri, Sonia. "Optimisation des performances d'un procédé industriel d'électrofiltration alimenté par hautes puissances pulsées." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3028/document.
Full textThe fight against air pollution is a major issue in the twenty-first century. The center of Marcouleof CEA develops different waste treatment processes by incineration / vitrification that generatecombustion gases requiring treatment. To do this, the CEA uses the electrostatic precipitation, atechnical waste gas treatment employed for thin particles filtration.This thesis is dedicated to optimizing the performance of an electrofilter supplied by high pulsedpowered. One of the goals is to size and achieve a new emissive electrode adapted to thedevelopment of a new incineration process. This new electrode coupled to its High Voltage (HV)power supply, which electrical parameters were optimized, allowed to obtain maximum filtrationefficiency during operating times in line with industrial applications. The impact of thephysicochemical characteristics of dusts on the filtration efficiency was analyzed.A specific study also focused on the evolution of different discharge conditions that develop inthe electrofilter to identify the phenomena responsible for the process efficiency fall. The intake ofthe emissive electrode and a hybrid generator, combining a continuous background voltagesuperimposed with impulses, has clearly been demonstrated by their effects on back coronainitiation and therefore on the optimal efficiency operation duration
Thiery, Stéphane. "Évaluation d'options "vanilles" et "digitales" dans le modèle de marché à intervalles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460176.
Full textAyvazyan, Vigen. "Etude de champs de température séparables avec une double décomposition en valeurs singulières : quelques applications à la caractérisation des propriétés thermophysiques des matérieux et au contrôle non destructif." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14671/document.
Full textInfrared thermography is a widely used method for characterization of thermophysical properties of materials. The advent of the laser diodes, which are handy, inexpensive, with a broad spectrum of characteristics, extend metrological possibilities of infrared cameras and provide a combination of new powerful tools for thermal characterization and non destructive evaluation. However, this new dynamic has also brought numerous difficulties that must be overcome, such as high volume noisy data processing and low sensitivity to estimated parameters of such data. This requires revisiting the existing methods of signal processing, adopting new sophisticated mathematical tools for data compression and processing of relevant information.New strategies consist in using orthogonal transforms of the signal as a prior data compression tools, which allow noise reduction and control over it. Correlation analysis, based on the local cerrelation study between partial derivatives of the experimental signal, completes these new strategies. A theoretical analogy in Fourier space has been performed in order to better understand the «physical» meaning of modal approaches.The response to the instantaneous point source of heat, has been revisited both numerically and experimentally. By using separable temperature fields, a new inversion technique based on a double singular value decomposition of experimental signal has been introduced. In comparison with previous methods, it takes into account two or three-dimensional heat diffusion and therefore offers a better exploitation of the spatial content of infrared images. Numerical and experimental examples have allowed us to validate in the first approach our new estimation method of longitudinal thermal diffusivities. Non destructive testing applications based on the new technique have also been introduced.An old issue, which consists in determining the initial temperature field from noisy data, has been approached in a new light. The necessity to know the thermal diffusivities of an orthotropic medium and the need to take into account often three-dimensional heat transfer, are complicated issues. The implementation of the double singular value decomposition allowed us to achieve interesting results according to its ease of use. Indeed, modal approaches are statistical methods based on high volume data processing, supposedly robust as to the measurement noise
Gavérina, Ludovic. "Caractérisation thermique de milieux hétérogènes par excitation laser mobile et thermographie infrarouge." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0012/document.
Full textNowadays, composite materials are widely used in the aeronautic and aerospace industries because of their high mechanical resistance. However, they have a large heterogeneity due to the fiber and matrix they are made of. In this way, for many years, the TIC team «Thermal Imaging Fields and Characterization » from TREFLE department of I2M laboratory develops methods to measure thermal in-plane properties of heterogeneous materials such as inverses (integral transforms, double singular value decomposition…) or experimental (Flash, laser diode…) methods. The recent progress made in optical control, lasers and infrared (IR) cameras enables the development of a new scanning system (based on galvanometer-mirror) which allows the easy control of a laser hot spot spatial and temporal displacements over a plane surface. The low cost of laser diodes and optical control (galvanometric mirror) systems allows to develop a laser scanning system fixed on a test bench. We can revisit the different types of thermal excitation and realize infinite spatio-temporal combinations of thermal excitations by laser method. This is one of this thesis aims. New inverse methods based on the thermal response to an instantaneous point source heating, and temperature fields separability, have been proposed. These methods allow to estimate the thermal diffusivity tensor along the main axes of anisotropy, but also out of those axes, where it is possible to estimate the anisotropy axes orientation when the heat transfer takes place out of the image axes. These methods have produced interesting results in view of their simplicity. Moreover, they made it possible to obtain in-plane thermal diffusivities maps because, compared to the other methods, they allow to obtain, locally, thermal diffusivity tensor estimations by getting a surface heat flux map using the laser optical scanner