Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle général'
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Melole, Me-Mvie Jean de Dieu. "La contribution des organismes de contrôle de l'administration à la lutte contre la corruption en Afrique : l'exemple du Contrôle Général d'État au Gabon." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0050.
Full textAron, Castaing Gaby. "Le contrôle général de la surveillance du territoire et la lutte contre l'espionnage et la trahison 1934-1942." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL034.
Full textGnanou, Edgard. "Contrôle et évolution des conflits entre intérêt individuel et intérêt collectif." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0508.
Full textOrganization cannot be maintened, subsist and be developped without the control of its finalities and its members. The coherence of finabilities of organization and of its members compose the condition of the guarantee of success. Two aspects are often proposed on this theme: -the first part of the theory is that the company is a place of personal interests -the second considers the company as a centre of consensus where collective interests nonetheless allow individual expression. The object of our study is to develop, illustrate and validate a conceptual framework which associate several models leading to organization's goals. Case studies illustrate this framework by proposing two characteristics of the convergence of finalities in an organization. These two aspects are both complementary and contradictory. They allow to design on annalyses framework with our types of context. Case studies show the results obtained in important public and private companies. The conflictual "champs de force" of the areas studied are unbalanced. To summarize, when the "forces" go in one direction without being compensated by equivalent "forces" in the opposite direction, they tend to decrease and weaken with time until a downhill balance is attained. This weakening can be avoided by strengthening the type of increase, between a convergence of individual and collective results. These cases illustrate the use of internal audit, management control and corporate control to pilot this rebalancing. These elements allow correction of the components of organic and collective solidarity at each stage
Diallo, Abdoul Aziz. "Qualité de la prise en charge des maladies cardio-vasculaires dans un centre hospitalier général." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M172.
Full textPannérec, Tristan. "Un système général avec un contrôle de la résolution à base de métaconnaissances pour des problèmes d'affectation optimale." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066285.
Full textAgassounon, Raymond. "Approche dialectique pour la gestion rigoureuse du budget général de l'Etat : Le cas de l'Etat béninois." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1151.
Full textThe économies difficulties faced repeating around the world in gênerai and African countries in particular challenge the collective and individual conscience. They are making of budgetary discipline an international concern. It was hidden no more by any country. The dialectical approach to the strict management of the state budget aims to be critical and contributive to suggest possible solutions for a complex an délicate concern. In fact in récent years, several expressions been in the news to recommend and require fiscal discipline without finding evil. The présent thought argues the target and reduce in a certain proportion its influence that limits the practice of rigorously management. The issue digit tip the Executive in Bénin decrying its financial prominence prejudicial to regular functioning of other powers on the top of the state. Committed to the classic typology of separation of powers, the vision nonetheless proposes the revision of state prerogatives to accord to each nonnegotiable resource of its functions. By loading the judiciary fiscal discipline in the Bénin context, we are looking for the practice of a legal justice
Pellissier, Gilles. "Le contrôle des atteintes au principe d'égalité au nom de l'intérêt général par le juge de l'excès de pouvoir." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010296.
Full textThrough the control of the violations of the principle of equality in the name of general interest the french administrative jurisdiction attempts to strike a balance between the public and private rights or interests concerned by the decision. The basic principle of equality is both the vaguest and the most often cited in court : our study of the case law involved shows it is a set of evaluation procedures which enable the judge to know if the discrimination is justified, that is to say if it is at least consistent and appropriate. But these requirements may be adapted depending both on the object of the decision and the legal context as well as on the relative authority of the judge faced with the discretionary power of the administration, whose will is expressed through the vague concept of general interest
Stoll, Mathieu. "Pouvoir et administration au Grand Siècle : Claude Le Peletier, ministre et contrôleur général des finances de Louis XIV." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040011.
Full textThis dissertation is a study of Louis XIV's governmental apparatus and the place held by the Finance General-Controller through the figure of Claude Le Peletier. The first part describes the duties Le Peletier was entrusted with during his advancement by connecting them with his social environment and his special relationship with Michel Le Tellier, his mentor. The second part introduces Le Peletier's promotion to the head of the Ministry of Finance in 1683, which astonished the minister himself who had no connections with this world. After Colbert and Louvois, Le Peletier embodied another more modest but no doubt more representative type of minister. The third part shows that Le Peletier was soon confronted with the limitations of his office as Minister of Finance, although the Finance Administration was already the largest and best organized ministry. Besides, its employees were heralding the modern civil servants
Belacheheb, Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes de compensation FACTS en général, l'UPFC en particulier, pour le contrôle du transit de puissance dans un réseau de transport." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10068.
Full textElectrical systems are strongly interconnected where the power transit is governed solely by Kirchhoffs laws on which the dispatchers have no means to act. It results in sorne unbalanced distribution of loads, provoking thus overloads of sorne electrical lines and a reduction of the stability margin of the electrical system. In order to solve these problems of the electrical power transit control, the consortium of American electricity companies (EPRI) has launched the FACTS project (Flexible Alternate CUITent Transmission System) in 1988. The FACTS concept regroups aIl systems using power electronic deviees applied on the electrical system. Among the FACTS systems, the UPFC deviee (Unified Power Flow Controller) is the most complete and the most effective. It is the union of a shunt compensator (CSPRA) and a series compensator (ISA), and has a functionality ofboth a CSPRA, an ISA and a phase-shifter. It is therefore able to control, simultaneously and independently, the active and reactive line power. It can control the three parameters associated to the power transit; the voltage, the impedance and the phase of the electrical line. The control of one of these parameters allows to vary the line active power. A model of this deviee is developed so as to determine the adequate controls of the shunt and series parts and in the same time, the one of the active power control. This work is devoted to the application of the FACTS systems, especiaIly to the UPFC in order to control the power transit in an electrical system whose parameters are given by EDF. The different numerical simulations, undertaken on MATLAB and SABER, have shown the contribution of these deviees to control the power transit and confirm aIl the hopes they had aroused in years 90
Luisin, Bernard. "Action administrative et intérêts privés : étude de jurisprudence." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN20009.
Full textThe role of public administration is to conciliate the necessities of public interest with the rights and liberties of the individual. In doctrine and jurisprudence, it is this rule which generally sums up the relations between administrative action and private interests. This point of view is contradicted by the study of these relations throughout public administrative jurisprudence pronounced since the end of the last century. In actual fact, public interest appears to be the result of arbitration between various private interests. Our method has been, in part one, to define the terms "administrative action" and "private interests". These terms are then analyzed, descriptively in chapter one and distinctively in chapter two. Having defined the two key terms of the subject, it was then possible to examine the role of interests in public administrative jurisprudence (part two). The systematization of relations between administrative action and private interests can be described as follows : private interests seek the intervention of public administration but also impose constraints on its action (chapter one). As far as public interest is concerned, it legitimizes the advantages granted to private interests as well as the sacrifices demanded of them. Keeping in mind the fact revealed by our research that public and private interests are undeniably linked, these apparent contradictions no longer apply. Consequently, the pursuit of public interest may be identified with an arbitration wherein public administration valorizes one or another category of private interest. Since public interest is materially indeterminate, the object of arbitration is unlimited and the primacy of organic criterion demonstrates that public administration is alone qualified to decide
Ahmadi, Djalil. "Les droits fondamentaux des responsables politiques." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2078.
Full textThe study of policy makers’ fundamental rights is at the intersection of several issues shared by modern democracies, i.e. the democratic legitimacy of the political function and the preservation of its holder’s fundamental rights. The cornerstone of this work consists in analyzing how coherently law has transcripted these two imperatives at a time when the gap between policy makers and public opinion has never been so big. In this perspective, this research is centered around three main themes. The first one underlines the rights and freedoms whose implementation is specific to every political function and which reveal the policy maker as a singular citizen. The second one highlights the influence of some political functions on procedural fundamental rights as the policy maker enjoys a functional immunity and a jurisdictional privilege that make him an unusual litigant. The third one shows the impact of the use -often disproportionate- of public interest by the judge and the lawmaker on policy makers’ fundamental rights. Thus, it reveals the opportunity to reconsider some aspects of the legal system to promote a more adapted protection of policy makers’ fundamental rights through the development of objective criteria of assessment and the exercise of a proportionality test able to both protect the political function and preserve the fundamental rights of its holder
Heidlmayr, Karin. "Cognitive control processes and their neural bases in bilingualism." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB219/document.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis aimed to study the relation between bilingualism and domain-general executive control. Psycholinguistic research on bilingualism has shown that the sustained co-activation of languages and the need to adapt to the linguistic environment lead to a reinforcement of control abilities in bilinguals. However, the nature of domain-general executive control involvement in multiple language use is a matter of debate. Three studies were conducted in order to investigate this issue at the neuronal level in French-German late bilinguals. Different experimental tasks involving a cognitive conflict were used, certain of them involving a linguistic component (Stroop and negative priming) and the other one involving a motoric component (antisaccade). The main findings collected in the present doctoral thesis showed (1) the behavioral and neurophysiological evidence of enhanced conflict monitoring and inhibition in bilinguals, (2) the more efficient dynamic interplay between the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex in executive control in bilinguals in comparison with monolinguals, and (3) a modulation of executive control by the individual linguistic factors inherent to bilingualism. Taken together, the present findings support psycholinguistic theories postulating domain-general control involvement in bilingualism and reveal the capacity of neuroplastic adaptation as a function of linguistic constraints
Dabale, Hassan. "Procédure budgétaire et gouvernance publique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12015/document.
Full textBudgetary procedures are defined by a set of rules and methods related to the adoption of a budget by a state, community or public institution. To the extentthat he public sector works for the public interest, the objective is to define the modes of operation of public sector budgetary procedures. In Chapter One, our aim is to revisit the major concepts that govern the public sector. Thus, we have taken up questions of public interest, public governance, and the introduction of accounting tools and their terms of performance. In chapter two, we studied in depth the concept of a budget. In this second chapter, our goal is to demonstrate the interest and limitations of a budget. We sought the conceptual basis and methodology of budgetary production. We have enriched our thinking through the study of select OECD countries. In chapter three, we have focused on Djibouti as a case study. Assisted by the study of the African Concerted Budget Reform Initiative, our objective is to make a comparative analysis by showcasing Djibouti to highlight institutional weaknesses in the budgetary process. In Chapter four, we propose a financial model. The LOLF inspires the methodological choice of this new budget process. It enables us to respond to issues of transparency, budgetary governance, and institutional deficiencies. We also completed our analysis by proposing the establishment of administrative, parliamentary, and judicial control
Blachèr, Philippe. "Contrôle de constitutionnalité et volonté générale : étude sur l'obiter dictum : "la loi votée ... n'exprime la volonté générale que dans le respect de la Constitution"." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10011.
Full textThe french constitutional council's decision number 85. 197. D. C. Emphasizes the end of the assimilation between legislator's will and general will. Thanks to an obiter dictum of this decision, the constitutional council enonciates a definition of democracy different from the legicentrisme period. "the law is the expression of the general will" as is expressed in the declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen. Henceforth, "the voted law expresses the general will only in its regard for the constitution". This proclamation means that the constitution is the closest text to general will, and that the constitutional council participates to the expression of general will. Therefore, constitutional control is aimed at being extended to promulgated laws. Hence this obiter dictum legitimates the juris dictio fonction within the process of law making
Pignatel, Isabelle. "Liens personnels entre les sociétés, contrôle et gouvernance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32055.
Full textOur research concentrates on the composition of governing boards and its impact on the firm’s performance. We present a theoretical approach to the roles of the governing boards using Hung’s typology (1988). Using Zahra and Pearce’s model (1989), we also show the impact that the composition of the decision-making bodies can have on performance. We then go into detail about the possible impact on performance depending on the type of administrator. Finally we carry out an empirical study on 800 French companies quoted on the Stock Exchange and demonstrate correlations between the composition of the governing boards and performance, and the composition of governing boards and indebtedness. Thereby the interlocks are woven by the more competitive companies, however more indebted, less efficient and less profitable on a sectoral level than their counterparts. The links established by the governing boards occur in the more profitable companies but likewise in those who are more in debt. By using different approaches to the stakeholders, this allowed us: - to confirm the contribution of women to governing boards. Their presence is rightly associated with better performance (Schwartz, 1992; Landrieux-Kartochian, 2004) and with a lower risk (Jianakoplos & Bernasek, 1998) - to invalidate Godard’s results of 1998 by showing that at a statistical level there exists significant differences in terms of performance between the classic decision-making bodies and the German model of decision-making bodies - to find results that oppose the agency theory (Charreaux, 1999) highlighting the non-impact of the presence of the manager on his own governing board, on the company’s performance
Vincent, Charles. "Les représentations du pouvoir à travers la correspondance du contrôleur général des finances (1689-1715)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0016/MQ47251.pdf.
Full textMaurel, Christophe. "Approches et perceptions du contrôle de gestion dans les conseils généraux." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G019.
Full textWhile the management control in the French public local sector focuses on the cities, some evolutions concern the general councils with a legal change ( a new budgetary and accounting framework), a cultural change (the development of managerial values) and technological changes (the new technologies of information and communication meet the manager's expectations). Are general councils consider these evolutions as opportunities to develop a management control system ? Using a socio-technical framework, we exploit a longitudinal analysis based on six local authorities and a national survey to verify the impacts of these evolutions and to characterize the approaches of the management control. The analysis of management control units, based on documents and interviews, show the complexity, the variety, and the instability of the management control approaches in the general councils. The answers of the questionnaire addressed to thirty-nine local authorities confirm theses ideas with typologies proving the diversity of approaches used. We point out that the new budgetary and accounting instruction called M52 is no used to improve the information system, that the management values implemented are called into question, and that the computerised tools contribute to the development of the organisation and coordination missions of the controller. Furthermore, the treatment of the interviews by a speech automatic classification shows some cognitive dissonances between the way the controllers perceive theirs functions and the acitvities really made
Dampied, Maurice. "La politique générale de lutte contre la drogue et l'archipel Guadeloupéen." Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0034.
Full textEspinosa, Gonzague. "Maximien Lamarque : un général en politique (1770-1832)." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG1174/document.
Full textImmortalized by Victor Hugo in « Les Misérables », General Lamarque is mainly known for his funerals in June 1832, which turned into a republican insurrection,suppressed by Orléanist power. However, his life could not be summarized by this stereotyped image : thanks to unexploited or less exploited archives, the historian’swork permitted to dissociate the myth shaped around his character from historical reality, to get an original portrait of this character from the Landes. Coming originally from the bourgeoisie of the robe, he soon stuck to Revolution ideas which gave him the means to be an actor of events : National Guard, Jacobin, officer in a Volunteers Battalion. Educated and cultured, he also came complete with his physical courage. He never was a part of first circles of power, he was close to the House of Bonaparte which provided his rise. His military career under the Empire is yet only second-rate. It is atthe Europe's periphery he stands out in Guerrilla warfare. Disappointed by theRestoration, he rallied to Napoleon during The Hundred Days, who sent him to theVendée. This posting sustainably compromised him to the eyes of royalist power whichonly saw him as a Bonapartist general. Exiled, he only came back to France in 1818 and decided for a literary career as well as he tried to keep his position in society. Through contact with the liberal opposition, he joined politic in everyday life. This change of career was not obvious though. He only became a Member of Parliament in 1828. Hewas only recognized as a popular hero under July Monarchy
Félix, Joël. "Administration, finances et politique au siècle des Lumières : le ministère du contrôleur général L'Averdy (1763-1768)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA006.
Full textAjjoub, Muhannad. "La notion de liberté contractuelle en droit administratif français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020016.
Full textConcluding on the subject of freedom of contract in French administrative law is not easy. It depends essentially on how to raise the issue. So if the question is whether public persons have, as individuals, contractual freedom, the answer, in the best case is that this is a special character to freedom. Indeed, in practice, this freedom is very limited, its manifestations are marginal, which prevents us from truly speaking of a "happy freedom." But if the question is whether the French administrative law, from its peculiarities, its originality and its normative rules can recognize such freedom in favor of public entities, then the answer is negative. The public interest, the prerogatives of public power, competence, sovereignty, efficiency of public procurement, proper use of public money and the fundamental principles of public procurement, etc., are fundamental obstacles not only to the recognition of freedom of contract to public persons but also to the effective exercise by them. Some authors have concluded on the contractual freedom of public persons that "in theory it exists but in practice, nobody really ever met it"
Oung, Bouchra. "Contrôle et croyances devant un événement inexplicable : processus généraux et contexte culturel." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100050.
Full textThe author's work is to establish the cognitive processes from which individuals deal with a message whose aim is to persuade them that an " inexplicable " event happened. In a first experiment, she points out that the individuals put first in a situation of cognitive control and then exposed to a " fantastic " rhetoric message (versus factual) understand it in a " systematic " way rather than in a " heuristic " way. In a second experiment, she shows that, in an attempt to nevertheless explain that event, those same individuals turn to " wild beliefs " (non-socially implemented by institutions nor Schools. . . ). In a third experiment, she focuses on showing that final year students in high schools, identified as "Muslims", not only exposed to a message that places this event in a cultural context from the Maghreb but as well under the effect of those same factors, tend to turn more to data extracted from their own corpus of beliefs
Vaillant-Roussel, Hélène. "Education thérapeutique et insuffisance cardiaque en médecine générale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM13/document.
Full textThe European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend non-pharmacological management to improve patients’ quality of life. In France, patient education programs delivered by hospital multidisciplinary teams in outpatient clinics have been assessed for their impact in patients with heart failure (HF). Some international studies assessed patient education interventions for heart failure patients recruited in the hospital. These programs were delivered by hospital multidisciplinary teams. Others have recruited patients with heart failure in primary care but the patient education programs were delivered by nurses or general practitioner assistants. This does not reflect the situation of the majority of patients in France, most of whom are ambulatory and cared for by general practitioners (GPs). Therefore, more evidence is needed on the effect of patient education programs delivered by GPs. As GPs are the doctors closest to patients, we hypothesized that their patient education could improved the HF patients quality of life. The ETIC (Education thérapeutique des patients insuffisants cardiaques) trial aimed to determine whether a pragmatic education intervention in general practice could improve the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) compared with routine care. This cluster randomised controlled clinical trial included 241 patients with CHF attending 54 general practitioners (GPs) in France and involved 19 months of follow-up. The GPs in the intervention group were trained during an interactive 2-day workshop to provide a patient education program. Several patient education sessions were simulated during the 2-day workshop. Patients had a further four education sessions, at 4, 7, 10 and 13 months, followed by an overview session at 19 months. The primary outcome was patients’ quality of life, as measured by the MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), a generic instrument, and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). The mean age of the patients was 74 years (± 10.5), 62% were men and their mean left-ventricular ejection fraction was 49.3% (± 14.3). At the end of the follow-up period, the mean MLHFQ scores in the Intervention and Control Groups were 33.4 ± 22.1 versus 27.2 ± 23.3 (p = 0.74, intra-cluster coefficient [ICC] = 0.11). At the end of the follow-up period, SF-36 mental and physical scores in the Intervention and Control Groups were 58 ± 22.1 versus 58.7 ± 23.9 (p = 0.58, ICC = 0.01) and 52.8 ± 23.8 versus 51.6 ± 25.5 (p = 0.57, ICC = 0.01), respectively. Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the intervention group and in the control group were respectively: 93 (80.9%) and 94 (74.6%) (p = 0.24). A comprehensive data set of this trial was used to assess the prescription behaviour of GPs: GP’s guideline adherence for pharmacotherapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients and to describe pharmacotherapy of HFpEF patients. Conclusions Patient education delivered by GPs to elderly patients with stable heart failure in the ETIC program did not demonstrate an improvement in their quality of life compared with routine care. Further research on improving the quality of life of elderly patients with CHF in primary care is needed. Patient education strategies and methods, as well as relevant tools and adapted criteria used to assess them, remain a field of research to develop. This area of investigation will be the following of this work
Brechet, Thierry. "Politiques de lutte contre lechangement climatique et modélisation macroéconomique : un modèle d'équilibre général pour l'économie belge." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010032.
Full textDehbi, Nacima. "Contrôle optimal : optimisation d'une production céréalière." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802435.
Full textMaréchal, Xavier-Marie. "Contrôle de la polarisation de l'émission synchrotron générée par des éléments d'insertion magnétiques périodiques." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10204.
Full textBarennes-Vivares, Catherine. "Réalisation pratique d'un essai contrôlé en médecine générale dans les déficits cognitifs non démentiels de la sénescence." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M208.
Full textCorneloup, Vincent. "La notion de compétence des autorités administratives en droit français : contribution à une théorie générale des aptitudes à agir." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020122.
Full textBurel, Benjamin. "Commande d'un anti-bruit harmonique généré par un écoulement pulsé." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8891.
Full textSigal-Pauchard, Marie. "Application de la théorie de l'optimisation à certains problèmes de relativité générale." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES004.
Full textBonnet, Julien. "Le juge ordinaire français et le contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois : Analyse critique d'un refus." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D30.
Full textMousli, Morad. "L' efficience du système budgétaire comme conséquence du style de management stratégique des directions générales : cas des sociétés cotées françaises." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_mousli_m.pdf.
Full textThis research explores the field of cost and analysis planning and more precisely the efficiency of budgetary systems of quoted companies as a consequence of relationship between the strategic management of corporate officers and the scope of cost and analysis controllers. Our issues are the examinations of clarifying variables in the configuration of the budgetary system, and more precisely the management style of the corporate officers, as well as the budget emphasis so as to determine their role concerning the efficiency in the control and the mix of behavioural and structural patterns which can explain the controller's scope. Our research methodology is based on successive re-iterations of scientific observations in the field (a « qualimetric » approach, at the same time based on qualitative, quantitative and financial data) so as to establish a conceptual model explaining the interaction of different variables (style of management, configuration, budget emphasis, scope) and realising a typological analysis of different efficiency forms of the budgetary system
Huraux, Catherine. "Anesthésie péridurale versus anesthésie générale dans le contrôle neuro-humoral au cours et au décours de la chirurgie de l'aorte abdominale." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN11156.
Full textZouiti, Mohammed. "Étude de nouvelles structures de convertisseurs statiques pour compenser le flicker généré par les fours à arcs." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10284.
Full textCarpentier, Yan. "Essai d'une théorie générale des aménagements de peine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0125/document.
Full textSentence adjustment spearheads a new criminal policy of fight against recidivism based on integration orrehabilitation of convicted people. The number of measures qualified as sentence adjustment increased throughoutthe XXe century. However, as scattered reforms kept accumulating, no overall study regarding sentence adjustmenthas taken place. As a result, even though France is surely the European country that uses them the most, the conceptof sentence adjustment has never been constructed. France indeed seems to be the most fertile country regardingsentence adjustment, creating many different mechanisms. Since the technical sense of the notion of sentenceadjustment remains blurry, a general theory of sentence adjustment is necessary.A general theory seems to be the surest way to try to find a coherence among those various measures. Butthere cannot be a general theory if it is not possible to identify abstractly what is a sentence adjustment. Nowadaysthe normative disorder blurred the lines between enforcement of a sentence, sentence adjustment and preventivedetention. Therefore, a general theory would help build the concept of sentence adjustment itself. Besides, theconstruction of a concept would make it easier to assess the one technique behind all those mechanisms. By doingso, the general theory of sentence adjustment would restore some clarity to the law and give all of its consistencyto a system tending to give a sense of responsibility to the convicted
Le, Breton Julien. "Amélioration de la participation des patients au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal par l'implication des médecins généralistes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS140/document.
Full textBackground: Currently in France, participation rate in organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains well below European guidelines, despite general practitioners involvement.Objectives: The overall objective of this thesis was to assess general practitioners practices in organized CRC screening, to understand barriers to screening participation and to assess strategies to improve patient participation to screening.Methods: Our work was based on data from the organised screening programme in the Val-de-Marne district. We conducted a retrospective cohort of 157 979 patients followed by 961 general practitioners, an action research among 21 volunteer general practitioners and a cluster-randomized controlled trial including 144 general practitioners and 20,778 patients.Results: A small part of the variability of the likelihood of participation was due to the heterogeneity among physicians (intraclass correlation coefficient, 5.5%). Screening participation was significantly lower in males (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.91), the youngest age group (50-54 years, OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58 -0.63; 55-59 years, OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73-0.80) and patients living in socioeconomically deprived areas (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.87).We have identified seven essential requirements for general practitioners when screening for CRC: Be proactive, Be partners in care, Take into consideration the patient's family and friends, Position themselves as the expert, Manage time efficiently, Explain the test procedure and Help carry out the test. We were able to identify techniques used for each requirement.Systematic reminders sent by post to general practitioners with the updated list of eligible patients for screening did not significantly improve patient participation to organised CRC screening after taking clustering into account (multilevel analysis).Conclusions: Targeted actions to improve CRC screening participation should focus on patients younger than 60 years, males, and individuals living in deprived areas. Actions to enhance the influence of general practitioners on patient participation should be directed to the overall population of general practitioners. Patient-centred care and reflective practice should be at the heart of initial and continuing medical education, and guidelines based on practice data should be proposed
Souilliart, Thibaut. "Usure des tubes GV générée par des impacts répétés contre les supports à jeu." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC035/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study on wear induced by low-loaded sliding impacts in general and on wear induced by repetitive impacts between steam generator tubes and antivibration bars in pressurized water reactors in particular. The experimental study of the impacts dynamics shows that their characteristics strongly depend on the incidence angle. Two friction regimes are observed, characterized by sliding throughout the impact for grazing angles and by the existence of a sliding phase followed by an adhesion phase for the angles close to normal. The dynamic characteristics of the impacts, such as the impulse ratio, the energy loss or the sliding distance during an impact, are expressed as functions of the incident parameters, the kinetic friction coefficient and the restitution coefficient. These expressions extend the erosive formulations of Brach [1] to the case of low-loaded percussive multi-asperities impacts. The study of wear induced by oblique impacts at ambient temperature in air and water environment shows a linear relationship between the wear volume and the energy loss without any incubation period, with a constant proportionality coefficient in air, and with a proportionality coefficient which strongly depends on the incidence angle in water environment. Ridges similar to thin abrasion scratches are observed on the worn surfaces, without any mark of adhesion or significant plastic deformation. Thus, a damage scenario based on micro-scratching abrasion only is proposed. Two impacts wear models in water environment are proposed, which express firstly the worn volume and secondly the maximal worn depth as functions of the impacts incident parameters, the restitution coefficient, the kinetic friction coefficient, the SG tube and AVB geometrical characteristics and a constant wear coefficient
David-Quillot, Frank. "Méthode générale de synthèse de styrènes substitués en position para : étude de leur polymérisation radicalaire vivante/contrôlée en présence de radicaux nitroxyles." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4018.
Full textIn this thesis, we focused on the living/controlled radical polymerisation mediated by nitroxide of para-substituted styrene by the 14th group organometallic elements. Silicium, tin and germanium para-substituted styrene were synthesised and their ability to form copolymer with styrene was evaluated from their reactivity ratio. .
Spagnoli, Bruno. "Etude numérique de sensibilité et contrôle optimal du bruit aéroacoustique généré par une couche de mélange compressible bidimensionnelle." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30254.
Full textThe aeroacoustic radiation of a two-dimensional compressible mixing layer is computed using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the Navier-Stokes equations. This flow constitutes a simplified model for a jet. The goal is to reduce the radiated noise using optimal control theory. Following the validation of the DNS model, the adjoint of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved in order to study the sensitivity of the noise to several forcings. This study shows that the flow noise is particularly sensitive to a low-frequency forcing applied near the origin of the mixing layer. In addition, the relative sensitivity is maximum for a ``mass'' forcing, on the continuity equation. From these results, we set an optimal control strategy aimed at minimizing an objective functional formulated to reduce the noise over a pre-determined target. The gradient of this functional with respect to the forcing is given by the adjoint state. The forcing space to explore is chosen using the results of the sensitivity study. A conjugate gradient algorithm is used to search for the functional minimum. Our results give a 10 % reduction of the functional for a large target, and a 75 % reduction for a small target. These results are compared to a recent similar study, and some interpretations and perspectives are given
De, Craene Johan-Owen. "Rôle de la protéine kinase Npr1 dans le contrôle du trafic intracellulaire de la perméase générale des acides aminés Gap1 de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211616.
Full textPaknejad, Seyedahmadian Ahmad. "Passive and Active Strategies for Vibration Control of Lightly Damped Structures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/325768.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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De, Pauw Caroline. "Prise en charge des personnes précaires en médecine générale : un levier dans la lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12014.
Full textAs they urge the medical professionals to pay special attention to vulnerable populations, public policies set a general goal for which no scope of action or intervention is predefined. In the absence of an explicit common reference table, GPs, are left to wonder which populations are targeted and for which care. This thesis focused on consultation conditions in general medicine. 8 doctors practicing in areas diverse in their population took part in this sociological research. These data were collected through an ethnographic study of medical offices. I was able to observe 879 patients during their waiting time and 698 actual consultations. These data were supplemented by informal discussions and conducting semi-structured interviews with each generalist practitioner.The analysis shows that doctors are at loss regarding the care for vulnerable people. Uncertainty and the lack of rules lead to heterogeneous practices with heavy consequences for patients. For instance, an appropriate waiting-room or consulting room layout would help in creating a favourable state of mind in patients before the actual examination takes place. Moreover, the study reveals a great diversity in the medical care as regards prescriptions, referring to other health professionals or involving social partners. Practices are correlated with how GPs perceive their activity, in particular the doctor-patient relationship, but also with the representations and emotions they associate with vulnerable people. GP behaviours would either reduce or further increase social inequality in healthcare and are of particular interest as they are not based on the medical curriculum. Therefore, I strived to identify them as a good reflection of the values and experience of medical practitioners
Janssen, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle chémoréflexe des variables ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires chez le sujet sain et pathologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314830.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Li, Xiaoxi. "Contributions à l'étude des propriétés asymptotiques en contrôle optimal et en jeux répétés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066231/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies limit properties in optimal control problems (one-player, in continuous time) and in zero-sum repeated games (two-player, in discrete time) with large horizons. More precisely, we investigate the convergence of the value function when the duration of the control problem or the repetition of the game tends to infinity (the asymptotic analysis), and the existence of robust strategies, i.e. ԑ-optimal strategies to guarantee the limit value in all control problems with sufficiently long durations or in all repeated games with sufficiently large repetitions (the uniform analysis). The part on optimal control is composed of three chapters. Chapter 2 is a survey article on recent literature of long-term properties in various models of dynamic optimization. In the following two chapters, we focus on optimal control problems where the running cost is evaluated by a general probability measure, instead of the usual T-horizon average (Cesàro mean) or the λ-discount (Abel mean). In Chapter 3, we introduce an asymptotic regularity condition for a sequence of probability measures on positive real numbers which induces a horizon tending to infinity (in particular T tending to infinity or λ tending to zero) for the control problem. We prove that for any sequence of evaluations satisfying this condition, the associated sequence of value function of the control problem converges uniformly if and only if this sequence is totally bounded for the uniform norm. We deduce that for control problems defined on a compact invariant domain and satisfying some non expansive condition, the value function defined by a general probability measure converges as the evaluation becomes sufficiently regular. Further, we prove in Chapter 4 that under the same compact and non expansive conditions, there exist ԑ-optimal controls for all problems where the running cost is evaluated by a sufficiently regular probability measure. The part on repeated games consists of two chapters. Chapter 5 is devoted to the study of a subclass of absorbing games with one-sided incomplete information. The model we consider is a generalization of Big match with one-sided incomplete information introduced by Sorin (1984). We prove the existence of the limit value, Maxmin, Minmax, and that Maxmin is equal to the limit value. In Chapter 6, we establish several results for recursive games. We first consider recursive games with a countable state space and prove that if the family of n-stage value functions is totally bounded for the uniform norm, then the uniform value exists. In particular, the uniform convergence of n-stage values implies the uniform convergence of λ-discounted values. Combined with a result in Rosenberg and Vieille (2000), we deduce a uniform Tauberian theorem for recursive games. Second, we use the existence result of uniform value to a class of the generalized models of repeated games and prove that both the limit value and Maxmin exist and are equal. This class of repeated games are recursive games with signals where player 1 can always deduce the signal of player 2 from his own along the play
Vodo, Teuta. "Explaining the increasing rates of blood feuds in post-communist Albania." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209149.
Full textAlthough a great deal of research on vendetta is carried out either in the fields of anthropology or sociology of law, this topic has not been studied by political scientists. As a consequence, studies of vendetta in relation to institutional weaknesses are missing. Thus, one of the contributions of this study will be to fill this gap in the literature by explaining the role of state institutions in the continuation and increase in blood feuds.
The Albanian case was chosen as a subject for study as it represents a country which following a harsh communist regime has made attempts at democratization with the aim of joining the European Union, and at the same time is characterized by the strong presence of customary law claiming revenge in cases of homicide, despite interventions by the judicial authorities.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the reasons for the increase in blood feuds in Albania from 1991 to 2010 by identifying the structure and agency factors impacting the motivation of individuals to commit murders in the name of vendetta.
I will make use of historical institutionalism to identify the increasing returns of vendetta and explore the different factors and processes that trigger and underlie the institutional development of Albanian vendetta over time. Historical institutionalism is an approach to the analysis of the evolution of institutions and their outcomes in terms of formal and informal rules that shape the behavior of actors. Hence, understanding the causation and restraining factors in determining the high rates of blood feuds is indispensable. However, because of the lack of attention that historical institutionalism pays to the structure-agency dichotomy, the tools of criminology and more specifically, elements of ‘social control theory’ are required in this study. This theory enables/permits the study of vendetta by focusing on the motivation of the authors of vendetta, looking at the incidence and the forms of the criminal behavior. In order to explain vendetta and its causes, both fear of punishment (belief) and social bonds (attachment, commitment and involvement) have been taken into account.
For this study, both primary and secondary sources were combined, such as expert interviews, archival documents and police data, in order to assess the cases of vendettas brought before the courts, judicial proceedings, and the final sentences handed down.
The findings show that the weaker the bonds of trust in institutions such as state institutions and the legal system, the more individuals will be involved in blood feuds. The more trust is placed in institutions the less likely it is that individuals will be involved in vendetta.
This research contributes to the literature dealing with institutional change and the study of crime rates in transitional democracies.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Luzi, Alexandru. "Commande variante dans le temps pour le contrôle d'attitude de satellites." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979605.
Full textKanoute, Souleyman. "Recherches sur le contrôle financier déconcentré : à propos des décrets No 70-1049 du 13 novembre 1970 et No 96-629 du 16 juillet 1996." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081495.
Full textThe decree n0 70-1049 of november 13th 1970 established of state expenses on a local level. This regulation was adopted to go with the decentralisation of powers of decision as regard public investments (decree n0 70-1047 of november 13th 1970). This decree was replaced by decree n0 96629 of july 16 th 1996, which reforms the decentralised financial control. Until then, the control of expenses only existed among the central administration and had been appointed by the august 10th 1922 law. Thus, the centralised financial control (cfc) and the local financial control (lfc) were organised in parallel but with an original conception: the 1970 institution was conceived to have more simple methods and procedures in order to be suitable for the administrative structure of the time. That may explain the success of the 1970 reform, the more so as the first attempt to control local finances in the 1930's had failed because it was purely and simply based on a transfer of the principles of the 1922 law. The local financial control lasted 25 years. Nowadays, the financial control of decentralised expenses is ruled by the decree of july 16th 1996. In 1995, the 1996 reform had been carried out as an experiment in two regions and in 1996, it was extended to eight more regions. Since 1997, it has been progressively extended to all the regions and to all the state expenses, including the expenses concerning the personnel, the defence and those made abroad. The aim of the work presented here is, after examining the conditions in which the control of expenses arose and expanded in a determined timespan (part on), to study the decentralised financial control as much according to regulations (part two) as in reality (part three)
Préziosi, Marie-Pierre. "Les effets de la vaccination contre la coqueluche : une étude en population." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28940.
Full textThe prevention of pertussis remains a concern in developing as well as in developed countries. This work studies the epidemiology of pertussis and the effects of vaccination within a rural African communauty of 30 000 residents : global effects in the population, effects one person-to-person transmission, and effects on the severity of the illness. A prospective cohort was studied from 1984 to 1996. To study infectiousness, vaccine efficacy was estimated as 1 minus the ratio of the secondary attack rates in the units of residence, for the relevant comparison groups. Model-based estimates were computed using the Generalized Estimating Equations to take correlation within units into account. Precision of the estimates was calculated using the bootstrap. To study severity, infection was defined biologically. Vaccine efficacy was estimated by 1 minus the relative risk of severe disease in the vaccinated infected individuals compared to the unvaccinated infected individuals. Crude incidence before immunization was 183 per 1 000 child-years at risk under age 5 years, with a 2,8 % case-fatality rate. After the introduction of the vaccination program, overall incidence dropped rapidly and dramatically, even in unvaccinated children. The vaccinated children were much less contagious than the others with a vaccine efficacy for infectiousness of 85 % (95 % confidence interval : 46 to 95 %) for children vaccinated with 3 doses. The vaccinated infected children had much less serious illnesses than the unvaccinated with a vaccine efficacy for severity of 48 % (95 % confidence interval : 39 to 55 %) for children vaccinated with 3 doses. The disease burden in children is extremely high in Africa and declines rapidly when vaccination is implemented. Pertussis vaccination reduces considerably the infectiousness, and significantly the severity, of vaccinated cases
Reix, Marie. "Le motif légitime en droit pénal : contribution a la théorie générale de la justification." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40055/document.
Full textIn many legal disciplines, the legitimate reason is a model of justification of acts. The legitimate reason prevents the enforcement of the law, either by creating a right or by exempting someone from a duty. Despite an unprecedented boom, criminal law is hesitant about this vague notion. In order to justify judges' assessment margin, the legitimate reason is commonly considered as a motive. This accentuates the confusion between objective and subjective causes of irresponsibility. The formal approach of the justificatory process is inadequate, making the process increasingly biased. The analysis of the legitimate reason requires a re-examination of the justification theory using a solid understanding of unlawfulness which can help standardize its implementation. The study of the legitimate reason’s justificatory function allows a better understanding of the flexibility of its implementation requirements. The legitimate reason reverses the presumption of unlawfulness on which liability is based. The cause of liability is conditioned by the value judgment made about the offence, whereas the judgment of the reality of the offender’s intention is the condition of his imputation. The legitimate reason stems from circumstances that are external to the offence, and which enable the review of its lawfulness. The objective nature of the legitimate reason is aligned with the fact that it exempts from liability in rem and not in personam. However, the requirements for its application seem exceptional to the common law of justification in two regards: its broad criteria and its narrow field. It is limited to offences of abstract risk that protect secondary values for which the presumption of unlawfulness is artificial. The defendant must prove the legitimacy of his act whereas the abstract legitimacy of the suppression is unconfirmed. The expansion of this dispensatory field of suppression reveals an inadequate control of its abstract necessity. In any case, bringing up legitimate reason is useless as it is implicit to any offence and is considered as a general model of justification. It leaves the judge free to assess the necessity of the penalty on a case by case basis, as the law, by nature, cannot resolve all value conflicts. The post facto justification of socially necessary offences or even trivial offences reinforces the authority of the law by ensuring an enforcement that is aligned with the law's aim of protecting values
Hahn, de Bykhovetz Bérénice. "Les faits justificatifs de la diffamation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020045.
Full textThe special justifications applicable to defamation bare witness to the difficult conciliation between the right to protect ones honor and the public’s right to information. The area of the defence of truth (art. 35 of the 29 July 1881), delineated by three exceptions in 1944, was rapidly critiqued, preventing the justification of some of the most socially useful imputations. Furthermore, the defence of truth was subjected to highly rigourous formal and substantial requirements that often prevented ones acquittal on the basis of that demonstration. In reaction, the case-law created another special justification for defamation, based on good faith, and founded on four accessible criterias (legitimate aim of the information, serious verification, moderation of tone and caution in the choice of words, lack of personal animosity) that favorise the public’s right to quality information. At the end of the 20th century, this system was profoundly questioned, as being against the case-law of the CEDH, that requires a stronger protection of freedom of speech (article 10 CESDH) in connexion with debates of general interest or political discussions. Consequently, the Constitutional council repealed two of the three limits within the defence of truth, which is now only forbidden in the area of ones private life. This new arbitration between the two conflicting values doesn’t seem satisfying, especially since the defence of truth is still impeded by drastic conditions. In 2008, the Court of cassation integrated in a radical manner the CEDH criterias to its case-law on good faith. The case-law today steers towards a more balanced formula, founded on a proportional application of the four traditional criterias corrected in the light of the principes of the CEDH. However, the Court of cassation equally applies the CEDH criterias to other detrimental offences towards the freedom of expression, that do not benefit from the structural support of the special justifications of defamation. For those offences, instead of adopting the envisioned control of proportionality, it is proposed to create a generic justification, founded on the article 10 of the CESDH, that would be more consistent with the logic of criminal law