Dissertations / Theses: 'Contrôle EMG'

1

Grisetto, Fanny. "Impulsivity is not just disinhibition : investigating the effects of impulsivity on the adaptation of cognitive control mechanisms." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H031.

Full text

Abstract:

L’impulsivité est une tendance comportementale fréquemment observée dans la population générale mais à des degrés différents. À ce propos, une forte impulsivité augmente les risques de développer un trouble psychiatrique, tel que les différentes formes d’addiction ou des troubles de la personnalité. Pour comprendre l’émergence de ces divers troubles comportementaux, mon projet de thèse s’est porté sur le rôle du contrôle cognitif dans les manifestations de l’impulsivité. Le contrôle cognitif est, en effet, un ensemble de fonctions cognitives nous permettant d’adapter nos comportements à un environnement changeant, et donc complexe. Durant ma thèse, je me suis plus particulièrement intéressée aux capacités d’adaptation des mécanismes de contrôle proactif et réactif chez des individus impulsifs, principalement dans la population générale mais également auprès de patients alcoolo-dépendants.Les trois premières études de ma thèse ont montré qu’une forte impulsivité était caractérisée par une utilisation moindre des mécanismes proactifs associée à un défaut d’adaptation des mécanismes de contrôle aux demandes externes et aux contraintes internes.Les individus impulsifs exercent moins de contrôle proactif alors que celui-ci devrait être favorisé au vu des caractéristiques contextuelles ou individuelles. Dans une quatrième étude dans laquelle des enregistrements EEG ont été effectués, nous nous sommes intéressées à l’activité cérébrale typique observée au moment de l’exécution des erreurs,nommée ERN/Ne, et dont le rôle serait de signaler les besoins en contrôle. Une réduction de cette activité cérébrale a été observée chez les individus les plus agressifs, mais pas chez les individus les plus impulsifs. Ce résultat suggère que l’émergence de comportements inadaptés pourrait être en partie expliquée par cette réduction du signal d’alarme. Enfin,des résultats préliminaires suggèrent un lien entre un indice périphérique de l’adaptation physiologique (HRV) et les capacités d’adaptation des mécanismes de contrôle. Ce résultat ouvre la voie à de nouvelles interventions thérapeutiques pour la réduction des comportements inadaptés.Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que l’impulsivité en population générale est associée à un système de contrôle cognitif moins proactif et moins flexible,menant potentiellement à des comportements inappropriés quand les mécanismes de contrôle en jeu sont inadaptés
Impulsivity is a behavioral tendency frequently observed in the general population butat different degrees. Interestingly, higher impulsivity increases the probability to develop and to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, such as substance use or personality disorders. To gain a better understanding on the emergence of such psychiatric disorders, my PhD project focused on the role of cognitive control in impulsive manifestations. Indeed, cognitive control is a set of basic executive functions ensuring adaptive behaviors to an ever-changing and complex environment. More particularly, during my PhD research, I investigated the flexible adaptation between reactive and proactive control mechanisms in impulsive individuals, mainly from the general population but also from an alcohol-dependent population.The first three studies of my thesis revealed that high impulsivity was characterizedby a less-proactive cognitive control system, and associated with a weaker adaptation ofcognitive control mechanisms both to external demands and internal constraints. Morespecifically, I observed that high impulsive individuals less exert proactive control whileit should be favored given contextual or individual characteristics. In the fourth study inwhich EEG signals were recorded, we were interested in the brain activity that is typicallyobserved during errors (i.e., the ERN/Ne), which is thought to signal the need for control.A reduction in this brain activity was observed in high aggressive individuals, but notin high impulsive individuals. This finding suggest that the emergence of maladaptivebehaviors may be explained, to a certain extent, by the reduced alarm signal. Finally, somepreliminary results suggest a link between a peripheral index of physiological adaptation(i.e., HRV) and the capacity to adapt control mechanisms. These findings open newavenues for therapeutic interventions in the reduction in maladaptive behaviors.Overall, findings from the current thesis suggest that impulsivity in the general population is associated with a less proactive and a less flexible cognitive control system, potentially leading to inappropriate behaviors when the control mechanisms at play are maladapted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Durandau, Guillaume. "Traitement des signaux EMG et son application pour commander un exosquelette." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6987.

Full text

Abstract:

Le vieillissement de la population dans notre société moderne va entraîner de nouveaux besoins pour l’assistance aux personnes âgées et pour la réhabilitation. Les exosquelettes sont une piste de recherche prenant de plus en plus d’importance pour répondre à ces nouveaux challenges. Deux de ces challenges sont, la réalisation d’un contrôle naturel pour l’utilisateur et la sécurité. Cette maîtrise cherche à répondre à ces deux problématiques. Nous avons donc développé un outil de travail informatique utilisant les décharges électriques produites par les neurones moteurs pour contracter les muscles et un modèle des os et des muscles du bras. Cet outil utilise la librairie informatique ROS et OpenSim. Elle permet de connaître la force et le mouvement développés par le coude. De plus, un autre outil informatique a été développé pour optimiser le modèle des os et des muscles du bras pour le personnaliser à l’utilisateur pour un meilleur résultat. Une carte d’acquisition utilisant des électrodes de surface pouvant être reliées avec un ordinateur par USB et compatible avec ROS a été développée. Pour tester les algorithmes développés, un exosquelette pour le coude utilisant un actionneur compliant et contrôlé en force a été conçu. Pour compenser le poids de l’exosquelette et l’effet d’amortissement passif de l’actionneur, une compensation de gravité dynamique a été développée. Finalement, des expérimentations ont été menées sur l’efficacité de l’optimisation du modèle et sur l’exosquelette avec les différents algorithmes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ayachi, Fouaz Sofiane. "Étude du recrutement des unités motrices par analyse du signal EMG de surface." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1998.

Full text

Abstract:

Le système nerveux central contrôle des mouvements par l’activation des unités de motrices (UM), les plus petites structures fonctionnelles du muscle. Les UM produisent une activité électrique qui peut être détectée par la technique de l’électromyographie de surface (EMGs). Le caractère stochastique du signal EMGs est dû principalement à la superposition des trains de potentiels d’action d’UM (TPAUM) (recrutement spatial), les TPAUM sont caractérisés par leurs instants de décharge (recrutement temporel), ainsi que par la forme des potentiels d’action (PA), qui dépend de certains facteurs méthodologiques et de facteurs intrinsèques au muscle. Le but de cette thèse sera d’étudier les possibilités et les limites d’utilisation de l’analyse de forme de la densité de probabilité des amplitudes (DP) du signal EMGs comme indicateur sur les stratégies de recrutement des UM et du contrôle moteur. Cette analyse semble pertinente puisque le signal EMGs est la somme de processus aléatoires ; les TPAUM. Des modifications sur ces variables devraient être perçues sur le signal composite. La contribution apportée par cette thèse se scinde en deux parties : la proposition d’un modèle complet de génération qui s’inspire de travaux récents issus de la littérature. Ce modèle prend en considération, pour la génération du signal EMGs, de nombreux paramètres physiologiques, anatomiques et nerveux, ainsi que la génération de la force. Cette prise en compte permet d’avoir un meilleur réalisme lors de la simulation. La deuxième partie concerne plusieurs études, en simulation et en expérimental, sur l’analyse des signaux EMGs monopolaires détectés sur le biceps brachial lors de contractions isométriques isotonique (force constante)/anisotonique (force graduée). L’objectif est d’extraire de l’information sur le patron de recrutement des UM à partir de ces signaux. Dans ce contexte, nous avons testé deux approches d’analyse de forme de la DP du signal EMGs qui sont la Statistique d’Ordre Supérieur (SOS), et un algorithme récent, le modèle de forme noyau (CSM : Core Shape Modeling). Les résultats indiquent une forte sensibilité des descripteurs proposés pour la séparation des classes de signaux (force, niveau de synchronisation de décharge), à l’effet filtrant du tissu adipeux et de la composante non propagée. L’efficacité de la classification dépend d’autre part de l’anatomie et du nombre d’UM composant le muscle. Pour les facteurs neuronaux, les deux stratégies de recrutement testées donnent les mêmes tendances avec plus de réalisme physiologique pour l’une d’entre elles. De plus, l’analyse de forme (par SOS), dans certains cas, nous donne des informations sur l’anatomie du muscle considéré, en termes de position de l’UM par rapport à l’électrode. En termes de performance de classification, l’algorithme CSM, donne un résultat relativement meilleur que l’approche SOS, que ce soit en simulation ou en expérimentation. Pour résumer, ce travail de thèse s’inscrit comme une démarche exploratoire du potentiel de l’analyse de forme de la DP du signal EMGs dans l’extraction d’information sur les modalités d’activation musculaire. De nombreux efforts restent à fournir en accord avec les perspectives proposées
The central nervous system control the movement through the activation of the motors units (MUs), the smallest muscle functional structure. The MU produce electrical activity that can be detected by the technique of surface electromyography (sEMG). The stochastic nature of EMGs signal is mainly due to the superposition of trains of MU action potentials ( MUAPT) (spatial recruitment), the MUAPT are characterized by their discharge frequency (temporal recruitment) and the shape of the action potential (PA), which depends on some factors methodological and intrinsic to the muscle. The aim of this thesis is to study the possibilities and limitations of using the shape analysis of the EMGs signal’s probability density function (DP) as an indicator on MU recruitment strategies and motor control. This analysis seems relevant since the EMGs signal is the sum of random processes, the MUAPT. The contribution of this thesis is divided into two parts : the proposal of a complete model generation inspired by recent work from the literature. This model takes into consideration, for the EMGs signal generation, many physiological, anatomical and nervous parameters, as well as the force generation. Such consideration allows for greater realism in the simulation. The second part concerns several studies, simulation and experimental analysis of EMGs monopolar signals detected on the biceps brachii during isometric contractions isotonic (constant force) / anisotonique (graduated force). The aim is to extract information on the pattern of MU recruitment from these signals. In this context, we tested two approaches based on the shape analysis of the EMGs signal’s DP which are the Higher Order Statistics (HOS), and a recent algorithm, the Core Shape Modeling (CSM). The results indicate a high sensitivity of the proposed descriptors for separating classes of signals (force, sync level of the discharge), the filtering effect of adipose tissue and non propagating component. The efficiency of the classification depends the other hand of the anatomy and the number of MU which composed the muscle. For neuronal factors, both recruitment strategies tested give similar trends with one of them is physiologically more realistic. In addition, analysis of shape (SOS), in some cases, gives us information about muscle anatomy of the concerned muscle, in terms of MU position relative to the electrode. Concerning performance of classification, the algorithm CSM gives a result relatively better than SOS approach, either in simulation or experimentation. To summarize, this thesis is listed as an exploratory process of the shape analysis potential of the EMGs signal’s DP in order to extract the information on the muscular activation’s modalities. A lot of efforts are still required in accordance with the perspectives offered

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Crepin, Roxane. "Système de détection de mouvements complexes de la main à partir des signaux EMG, pour le contrôle d'une prothèse myoélectrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33033.

Full text

Abstract:

Les avancées technologiques en ingénierie biomédicale à travers le monde permettent le développement de systèmes automatisés et adaptés, visant à fournir aux personnes vivant avec un handicap un meilleur confort de vie. Les prothèses intelligentes basées sur l'activité myoélectrique permettent aux personnes amputées d'interagir intuitivement avec leur environnement et d'effectuer des activités de la vie quotidienne. Des électrodes placées sur la surface de la peau et une électronique embarquée dédiée recueillent les signaux musculaires et les traduisent en commandes pour piloter les actionneurs de la prothèse. Atteindre une performance accrue tout en diminuant le coût des prothèses myoélectriques est une étape importante dans l'ingénierie de réadaptation. Les mains prothétiques, actuellement disponibles à travers le monde, bénéficieraient d'un contrôle plus efficace et plus intuitif. Ce mémoire présente une approche en temps réel pour classifier les mouvements des doigts à l’aide des signaux d'électromyographie (EMG) de surface. Une plateforme multicanale d'acquisition de signaux, de notre conception, est utilisée pour enregistrer 7 canaux EMG provenant de l'avant-bras. La classification des signaux EMG est effectuée en temps réel, en utilisant une approche d'analyse discriminante linéaire. Treize mouvements de la main peuvent être identifiés avec une précision allant jusqu'à 95,8% et de 92,7% en moyenne pour 8 participants, avec une prédiction mise à jour toutes les 192 ms. L'approche a voulu être adaptée pour créer un système embarqué ouvrant de grandes opportunités pour le développement des prothèses myoélectriques légères, peu coûteuses et plus intuitives.
Technological advances in biomedical engineering worldwide enable the development of automated and patient-friendly systems, aiming at providing the severely disabled a better comfort of life. Intelligent prostheses based on myoelectric activity allow amputees to intuitively interact with their environment and perform daily life activities. Electrodes placed on the surface of the skin, and dedicated embedded electronics allow to collect muscle signals and translate them into commands to drive a prosthesis actuators. Increasing performance while decreasing the cost of surface electromyography (sEMG) prostheses is an important milestone in rehabilitation engineering. The prosthetic hands that are currently available to patients worldwide would benefit from more effective and intuitive control. This memoir presents a real-time approach to classify finger motions based on sEMG signals. A multichannel signal acquisition platform of our design is used to record forearm sEMG signals from 7 channels. sEMG pattern classification is performed in real time, using a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approach. Thirteen hand motions can be successfully identified with an accuracy of up to 95.8% and of 92.7% on average for 8 participants, with an updated prediction every 192 ms. The approach wanted to be adapted to create an embedded system opening great opportunities for the development of lightweight, inexpensive and more intuitive electromyographic hand prostheses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Entakli, Jonathan. "Implication des projections spinales de l'aire motrice supplémentaire lors d'un contrôle précis de force : étude par TMS et EEG." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4121/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La dextérité, notamment la pince de précision (i.e., opposition pouce-index) est une fonction très développée chez l’homme. Elle est basée sur l’habileté à contrôler précisément et indépendamment les forces et mouvements des doigts en relation avec les contraintes de la tâche. Les muscles de la main responsables du mouvement des doigts sont gouvernés par le système corticospinal (CS) latéral. La principale source de ce système CS est l’aire motrice primaire (M1), laquelle possède des projections CS directes sur les motoneurones des muscles de la main. Cependant, d’autres projections CS en provenance des aires motrices non primaires ont été trouvées, notamment en provenance de l’aire motrice supplémentaire (SMA). Chez l’homme, la fonctionnalité de cette voie dans le contrôle habile des doigts a peu été étudiée. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier, chez l’homme, l’implication des projections CS de la SMA lors de contrôle manuel précis de force. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (TMS) et l’électroencéphalographie (EEG).A travers différentes études, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’importante implication de la SMA dans la dextérité. Il semblerait que cette aire puisse agir en parallèle à M1 en régulant directement l’excitabilité des motoneurones de la moelle épinière. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent que M1 et SMAp ont une influence directe et efficace sur la production de force pendant des tâches motrices manuelles fines
Human dexterity is a highly developed function based on the ability to independently and precisely control forces and movements of the fingers related to the constraints of the task. Hand muscles for finger movements are steered by the lateral corticospinal (CS) system. The main source of this CS system is the primary motor area (M1), which has direct CS projections on motoneurons innervating hand muscles. Recently, CS projections from non-primary motor area have also been found, especially from the supplementary motor area (SMA). However, the functionality of this CS tract in human manual force control is little studied. The aim of this thesis was to study the implication of the CS projections from SMA in precision manual force control, using electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Altogether, the results obtained in our different studies show the important implication of SMA in dexterity. It appears that this area can act in parallel with M1, directly influencing excitability of spinal motoneurons. We conclude that M1 and SMA both have direct and efficient influence on force production during fine manual motor tasks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Li, Zhan. "Nouvelle modalité de contrôle en boucle fermée de l'activation musculaire et prédiction en ligne du couple musculaire sous SEF." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20095/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La stimulation électrique fonctionnelle (SEF) est une des techniques utilisées pour la rééducation ou la suppléance fonctionnelle de déﬁciences motrices. Un stimulateur génère des impulsions électriques qui induisent des contractions des muscles paralysés, au travers des unités motrices toujours intactes. Aujourd'hui, les systèmes fonctionnant en boucle ouverte sont majoritairement utilisés. Ils permettent aux chercheurs d'évaluer hors-ligne de la SEF. Cependant, leur réglage reste basé sur un cycle essai-erreur ce qui est loin de simpliﬁer la mise en œuvre de systèmes en boucle fermée. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode de prédiction en temps-réel du couple en fonction de l'EMG conduisant à une nouvelle modalité de contrôle de l'activation musculaire sous SEF. L'EMG évoquée (eEMG) donne une image de l'effet de la SEF sur l'activité musculaire et est ainsi impliquée à la fois dans l'estimation du couple en temps réel et le contrôle. Le couple articulaire peut être estimé par l'eEMG en utilisant un ﬁltre de Kalman et un modèle NARX - RNN. Le facteur d'oubli du ﬁltre de Kalman doit être soigneuse-ment choisi de même que les réglages du schéma de calcul. C'est une limitation en particulier quand lorsque qu'il n'y a aucune connaissance a priori sur la force générée par le sujet sous SEF. La méthode proposée NARX-RNN n'a pas ce défaut et offre de meilleures performances que le ﬁltre de Kalman. L'estimation du couple basée eEMG est donc utilisée hors-ligne et en-ligne en temps réel. Les performances comparées des algorithmes ont été effectues sur sujets sains et sujets blessés médullaires. Par ailleurs, le système temps-réel de contrôle de l'activation musculaire basé EMG a été développé sur la technologie sans ﬁl Vivaltis. Enﬁn, aﬁn de proposer un contrôle de plusieurs muscles, le concept de synergie a été utilisée pour estimer les activations musculaires cibles à partir d'un couple articulaire désiré. Les niveaux de synergie moyenne ont été utilisés pour valider l'extraction d'activation sur le sujet non inclus dans le calcul de la moyenne. L'erreur d'estimation est de 9.3% sur l'ensemble des sujets. Ces résultats vont dans le sens d'un contrôle d'une neuroprothèse basé synergie. En effet la combinaison des eux contributions de la thèse ouvre des perspectives nouvelles de modalité de contrôle de la SEF
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is one of existing rehabilitationtechniques to restore lost motor functions for motor-impaired subjects. Thestimulator generates electrical pulses to drive artificial contractions of theparalysed muscles, through activating intact motor units. Currently open-loopFES system is the most frequently used. The data acquired from the open-loop FESwould help researchers to make off-line analysis for evaluating performance ofFES systems. However, it should go through a trial and error manner, which isfar from facilitating a implementation of real-time closed-loop FES system.In this thesis, we propose and develop a method for real-time EMG-feedback torqueprediction and muscle activation control toward new modality in FES.The evoked electromyography (eEMG) which can reflect electrical muscleactivities under FES, is involved in both offline and real-time FES-inducedtorque estimation and muscle control systems. FES-induced joint torque can beestimated/predicted with eEMG by employing both Kalman filter and NonlinearAuto-Regressive with Exogenous (NARX) type recurrent neural network (RNN). Theforgetting factor of Kalman filter should be properly selected in advance andalso with proper computational settings. It is a limitation for some casesespecially when we do not have prior knowledge of new subject regarding expectedmuscle response intensity induced by FES. The proposed NARX-RNN does not sufferfrom such computational setting problems and also shows better estimation/prediction performances than that of Kalman filter.Evoked EMG based torque estimator is exploited from off-line situation toonline real-time system. Recursive Kalman filter and NARX-RNN are implementedfor real-time torque estimation/prediction with evoked EMG. The performance wasverified both in able-bodied and spinal cord injured subjects. Furthermore, real-time EMG-feedback muscle activation control in FES system is developed togetherwith wireless Vivaltis stimulator for specifying directly muscle activationinstead of conventionally specifying stimulation pattern.Toward natural multiple muscles control with multi-channel FES, muscle synergyconcept was introduced for inverse estimation of muscle activations from desiredjoint moment. The averaged synergy ratio was applied for muscle activationestimation with leave-one-out cross validation manner, which resulted in 9.3%estimation error over all the subjects. This result supports the common musclesynergy-based neuroprosthetics control concept. By combining this inverse estimation of muscle activations together with real-time EMG-feedback muscle activation control, it would open a new modality toward muscle synergy-basedmulti-muscle activation control in FES

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Maheu, Véronique. "Développement des critères d'apprentissage pour le contrôle d'un bras robot manipulateur à 7 DDL par le traitement des signaux EMG chez les blessés médullaires." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/865/1/MAHEU_V%C3%A9ronique.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

L'interaction homme-machine représente un défi de taille pour les personnes à mobilité réduite qui doivent contrôler leur environnement avec des capacités musculaires limitées. Une interface myoélectrique semble tout indiquée pour ce type de population puisqu'elle est intuitive et que les mouvements effectués pour le contrôle peuvent être adaptés aux usagers. Ce mémoire propose l'utilisation de l'analyse discriminante (Linear Discrimante Analysis) pour l'étude de signaux myoélectriques continus servant à la classification de plusieurs mouvements du haut du corps chez les blessés médullaires (BM) de haut niveau lésionnel. Le but de ce travail est de permettre un contrôle sur 16 commandes différentes en utilisant des critères génériques d'apprentissage et d'analyse. Pour ce faire, les signaux électromyographiques (EMG) provenant de 23 sujets (12 sujets sains et 11 BM) ont été analysés. L'étude se penche sur l'influence des paramètres d'apprentissage et d'analyse du classificateur ainsi que sur les mouvements les plus susceptibles d'être classifiés avec succès. De plus, ce travail propose l'analyse des mouvements et stratégies de communication pouvant être utilisées pour la transmission des commandes à un bras robot manipulateur. Le résultat principal de cette étude est que la condition des sujets influence peu les résultats du classificateur et que l'utilisation de paramètres génériques, autant pour l'apprentissage que pour l'analyse des signaux, permet un taux de succès supérieur à 95% dans la classification de cinq groupes (quatre mouvements plus le tonus musculaire) pour tous les sujets BM. L'algorithme de classification permet aussi un taux de succès de 90% pour la classification de neuf groupes (huit mouvements plus le tonus musculaire) et de 82% pour la classification de 13 groupes (12 mouvements plus le tonus musculaire) et ce, pour les sujets sains et BM. Les mouvements préférés pour une interface EMG sont les mouvements unilatéraux d''élévation de l'épaule et de flexion du coude. Les stratégies de communication permettant les meilleurs résultats de classification sont les mouvements de moyenne et de longue durée, les mouvements de forte amplitude ainsi que les séries de deux "clicks". De plus, une investigation sous forme de questionnaire a permis de déterminer que la population des BM était peu encline à utiliser une interface EMG pour le contrôle d'une aide technique et que le joystick standard de leur fauteuil roulant motorisé serait préféré.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhang, Xiang Qin. "Estimation du couple généré par un muscle sous SEF à la base de l’EMG évoquée pour le suivi de la fatigue et le contrôle du couple en boucle fermée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20191/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La stimulation électrique fonctionnelle (SEF) a le potentiel de fournir une amélioration active aux blessés médullaires en termes de mobilité, de stabilité et de prévention des effets secondaires.Dans le domaine des système SEF pour les membres inférieurs, le couple articulaire adéquat doit être fournie de façon appropriée pour effectuer le mouvement prévu et maintenir l'équilibre postural. Toutefois, les changements d'état du muscle tels que la fatigue musculaire est une cause majeure qui dégrade ses performances. En outre, la plupart des patients, dont la blessure médullaire est complète, n'ont pas le retour sensorielle qui permet de détecter la fatigue et les capteurs de couples in-vivo ne sont pas disponible à l'heure actuelle. Les systèmes conventionnels de commande SEF sont soit en boucle ouverte ou pas assez robustes aux changements d'état du muscle. L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement de la prédiction du couple articulaire et la commande en boucle fermée afin d'améliorer les performances de la commande SEF en termes de précision, de robustesse et de sécurité pour les patients.Afin de prédire le couple articulaire induit de la SEF, l'électromyographie (EMG) induit est utilisé pour corréler l'activité musculaire électrique et mécanique. Bien que la fatigue musculaire représente une variation dans le temps, une dépendance aux sujets et aux protocoles, la méthode proposée d'identification adaptative, basée sur le filtre de Kalman, est capable de prédire le couple articulaire variant dans le temps de manière systématique. La robustesse de la prédiction du couple articulaire a été évaluée lors d'une tâche de suivi de la fatigue en expérimentation chez des sujets blessés médulaires.Les résultats montrent une bonne performance de suivi des variations d'état des muscles en présence de fatigue et face à d'autres perturbations. Basé sur les performances de précision de la méthode prédictive proposée, une nouvelle stratégie de commande basée sur le retour EMG, «EMG-Feedback Predictive Control» (EFPC), est proposée afin de contrôler de manière adaptative les séquences de stimulation en compensant la variation dans le temps de l'état du muscle. De plus, cette stratégie de commande permet explicitement d'éviter d'appliquer une stimulation excessive aux patients, et de générer les séquences de stimulation appropriées pour obtenir la trajectoire désirée des couples articulaires
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has the potential to provide active improvement to spinal cord injured (SCI) patients in terms of mobility, stability and side-effect prevention. In the domain of lower limb FES system, elicited muscle force must be provided appropriately to perform intended movement and the torque generation by FES should be accurate not to lose the posture balance. However, muscle state changes such as muscle fatigue is a major cause which degrades its performance. In addition, most of the complete SCI patients don't have sensory feedback to detect the fatigue and in-vivo joint torque sensor is not available yet. Conventional FES control systems are either in open-loop or not robust to muscle state changes. This thesis aims at a development of joint torque prediction and feedback control in order to enhance the FES performance in terms of accuracy, robustness, and safety to the patients.In order to predict FES-induced joint torque, evoked-Electromyography (eEMG) has been applied to correlate muscle electrical activity and mechanical activity. Although muscle fatigue represents time-variant, subject-specific and protocol-specific characteristics, the proposed Kalman filter-based adaptive identification was able to predict the time-variant torque systematically. The robustness of the torque prediction has been investigated in a fatigue tracking task in experiment with SCI subjects. The results demonstrated good tracking performance for muscle variations and against some disturbances.Based on accurate predictive performance of the proposed method, a new control strategy, EMG-Feedback Predictive Control (EFPC), was proposed to adaptively control stimulation pattern compensating to time-varying muscle state changes. In addition, this control strategy was able to explicitly avoid overstimulation to the patients, and conveniently generate appropriate stimulation pattern for desired torque trajectory

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ramdani, Beauvir Céline. "Effets de la vigilance sur le contrôle de l'erreur chez l'homme : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5019/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Nous avons étudié les effets de la baisse de la vigilance sur les mécanismes de contrôle de l'erreur lors d'une tâche de temps de réaction de choix (TR). Lors de la première expérience, la baisse de vigilance a été obtenue par un éveil prolongé de 26 heures. Dans les expériences deux et trois, on a diminué le niveau de vigilance par voie pharmacologique en choisissant de n'affecter qu'une des voies neurochimiques impliquées dans l'éveil (voie histaminergique puis voie dopaminergique) pour déterminer si les indices du contrôle de l'erreur seraient ou non affectés de la même façon qu'après un éveil prolongé. Si oui, cela supposerait un effet redondant des systèmes neurochimiques impliqués dans l'éveil sur le contrôle de l'erreur, dans le cas contraire, cela supposerait une influence spécifique de ces différents systèmes sur le contrôle de l'erreur. Le contrôle de l'erreur peut être décomposé en contrôle proactif et contrôle réactif. Ce contrôle de l'erreur est dit en ligne s'il opère au cours d'un essai, hors-ligne s'il s'opère d'un essai sur l'autre.La privation de sommeil affecte le contrôle de l'erreur proactif en ligne et le contrôle de l'erreur réactif. La baisse de l'activité histaminergique n'affecte que le contrôle de l'erreur réactif et on n'a pas mis en évidence d'effets de la déplétion dopaminergique sur le contrôle de l'erreur. Les effets observés sur le contrôle de l'erreur par la baisse de vigilance induite par la privation de sommeil n'étaient pas reproduits par la baisse de vigilance induite par les déplétions des activités dopaminergiques et histaminergiques, suggérant des influences spécifiques de ces deux voies sur le contrôle de l'erreur
To study the impact of a vigilance decrease on error monitoring mechanisms in healthy participants, electromyogram and electroencephalogram were recorded during a choice reaction time task. The aim of experiment one was to decipher which indices of error monitoring at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, were altered by sleep deprivation. In experiments two and three, decreases in vigilance were obtained through pharmacological treatments. We attempted to selectively inhibit one arousal system (either by acting on the histaminergic or on the dopaminergic pathway), so as to determine whether indices of error monitoring would be affected in the same way than after extended wakefulness. Proactive (implemented before an error execution) and reactive modes (implemented after an error execution) of error monitoring were distinguished. Within each mode, we further distinguished on-line (implemented within-trial) and off-line (between-trials) processes.Proactive off-line monitoring was unaffected by the decrease in vigilance, whether this caused by extended wakefulness, histaminergic depeltion or dopaminergic depletion). Sleep deprivation affected proactive on-line and off-line monitoring and reactive control. Histaminergic depletion affected only reactive control and reactive control seemed insensitive to dopaminergic depletion.As sleep deprivation, both histaminergic and dopaminergic depletion induced decrease in vigilance. However, effects of sleep deprivation on error monitoring were entirely reproduced neither by histaminergic nor by dopaminergic depletion, suggesting specific influences of the corresponding systems on error monitoring

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Rubiano, Fonseca Astrid. "Smart control of a soft robotic hand prosthesis." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100189/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Le sujet principal de cette thèse est le développement d’un contrôle commande intelligentpour une prothèse de main robotique avec des parties souples qui comporte: (i) uneinterface homme–machine permettant de contrôler notre prothèse, (ii) et des stratégiesde contrôle améliorant les performances de la main robotique. Notre approche tientcompte : 1. du développement d’une interaction intuitive entre l'homme et la prothèse facilitantl'utilisation de la main, d'un système d’interaction entre l’utilisateur et la mainreposant sur l'acquisition de signaux ElectroMyoGrammes superficiels (sEMG) aumoyen d'un dispositif placé sur l'avant-bras du patient. Les signaux obtenus sontensuite traités avec un algorithme basé sur l'intelligence artificielle, en vued'identifier automatiquement les mouvements désirés par le patient.2. du contrôle de la main robotique grâce à la détection du contact avec l’objet et de lathéorie du contrôle hybride.Ainsi, nous concentrons notre étude sur : (i) l’établissement d’une relation entre lemouvement du membre supérieur et les signaux sEMG, (ii) les séparateurs à vaste margepour classer les patterns obtenues à partir des signaux sEMG correspondant auxmouvements de préhension, (iii) le développement d'un système de reconnaissance depréhension à partir d'un dispositif portable MyoArmbandTM, (iv) et des stratégieshybrides de contrôle commande de force-position de notre main robotique souple
The target of this thesis disertation is to develop a new Smart control of a soft robotic hand prosthesis for the soft robotic hand prosthesis called ProMain Hand, which is characterized by:(i) flexible interaction with grasped object, (ii) and friendly-intuitive interaction between human and robot hand. Flexible interaction results from the synergies between rigid bodies and soft bodies, and actuation mechanism. The ProMain hand has three fingers, each one is equipped with three phalanges: proximal, medial and distal. The proximal and medial are built with rigid bodies,and the distal is fabricated using a deformable material. The soft distal phalange has a new smart force sensor, which was created with the aim to detect contact and force in the fingertip, facilitating the control of the hand. The friendly intuitive human-hand interaction is developed to facilitate the hand utilization. The human-hand interaction is driven by a controller that uses the superficial electromyographic signals measured in the forearm employing a wearable device. The wearable device called MyoArmband is placed around the forearm near the elbow joint. Based on the signals transmitted by the wearable device, the beginning of the movement is automatically detected, analyzing entropy behavior of the EMG signals through artificial intelligence. Then, three selected grasping gesture are recognized with the following methodology: (i) learning patients entropy patterns from electromyographic signals captured during the execution of selected grasping gesture, (ii) performing a support vector machine classifier, using raw entropy data extracted in real time from electromyographic signals

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Roger, Clémence. "Supervision de l'action et optimisation des comportements : Etudes électrophysiologiques et IRMf." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448018.

Full text

Abstract:

Les mécanismes cérébraux impliqués dans l'optimisation des comportements sont encore mal connus. Nous avons cherché à préciser leurs fonctionnement à travers des études EEG et IRMf dans des tâches de temps de réaction manipulant la compatibilité Stimulus-Réponse. Plusieurs arguments issus de méthodologies différentes nous ont permis de préciser le rôle de la Négativité d'Erreur (Ne), une onde EEG initialement rapportée dans les erreur, et qui atteint son maximum juste après la réponse. Initialement attribuée à la détection de l'erreur, cette activité, localisée dans la zone cingulaire rostrale, pourrait avoir pour rôle d'évaluer la performance en cours d'essai dans le but de rattraper l'erreur. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes impliqués de la sélection de la réponse. La N-40, enregistrée au dessus de l'aire motrice supplémentaire, incarnerait l'association stimulus-réponse alors que les cortex moteurs seraient le lieu de la mise en place d'un mécanisme de prévention de l'erreur implémenté par une élévation du seuil de déclenchement des réponses en présence d'un risque d'erreur. Enfin dans une étude IRMf, nous avons montré que les ajustements comportementaux suite à un essai incompatible prenaient la forme d'une augmentation du traitement perceptif des caractéristiques pertinentes de la tâche et d'une diminution du traitement des caractéristiques non-pertinentes. Nous avons précisé le rôle fonctionnel de la \Ne ainsi que les opérations mises en jeu lors de la mise en place des ajustements comportementaux. Ces résultats suggèrent également l'existence de mécanismes capables de détecter en ligne un risque d'erreur dans le but de prévenir une erreur en cours d'essai.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Boyd, William J. "EMG Site: A MATLAB-based Application for EMG Data Collection and EMG-based Prosthetic Control." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/351.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis describes the system design of EMG Site, a MATLAB-based application for collection and visualization of surface electromyograms (EMGs) and the real-time control of an upper limb prosthesis, including details pertaining to the design of the software and the graphical user interface (GUI). The application consists of features that aid in the visualization of the collected EMG data and the control of a prosthesis. Visualization of the collected EMG data is handled in one of two ways: an oscilloscope-like view showing the raw EMG data collected with respect to time, or a radial plot showing the processed EMG data collected with respect to the site of EMG data collection on the arm. The control of a hand-wrist prosthesis is primarily regulated through the use of signal processing designed to relate EMG to torque and is visualized in the tracking window - a plotting window showing both a user-control cursor and an either static (or dynamic) computer-controlled target. This thesis concludes with a description of the real-time capabilities of the application regarding both the visualization of the collected EMG data as well as the control of a prosthesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zhang, Qin. "Estimation du couple généré par un muscle sous SEF à la base de l'EMG évoquée pour le suivi de la fatigue et le contrôle du couple en boucle fermée." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820474.

Full text

Abstract:

La stimulation éléctrique fonctionnelle (SEF) peut améliorer de manière significative la mobilité des blessés médullaires ainsi que la stabilité et la prévention des effets secondaires. Dans le domaine de la SEF pour les membres inférieurs, le couple articulaire doit être fournie de façon appropriée pour effectuer le mouvement prévu afin de maintenir l'équilibre postural. Toutefois, les changements d'état du muscle telle que la fatigue musculaire est une cause majeure qui dégrade ses performances. En outre, la plupart des patients, dont la blessure médulaire est complète, n'ont pas le retour sensorielle qui permet de détecter la fatigue. De plus, et les capteurs de couples in-vivo ne sont pas disponibles à l'heure actuelle. Les systèmes conventionnels de commande SEF sont soit en boucle ouverte ou en boucle fermée mais cependant pas assez robustes aux changements d'état du muscle. L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement de la prédiction du couple articulaire et de la commande en boucle fermée afin d'améliorer les performances de la commande SEF en termes de précision, de robustesse et de sécurité pour les patients. Afin de prédire le couple articliare induit de la SEF, l'électromyographie (EMG) induit est utilisée pour corréler l'activité musculaire éléctrique et mécanique. Bien que la fatigue musculaire représente une variation dans le temps, une dépendance aux sujets et aux protocoles, la méthode proposée d'identification adaptative, basée sur le filtre de Kalman, est capable de prédire le couple articlaire variant dans le temps de manière systématique. La robustesse de la prédiction du couple articulaire a été evaluée lors d'une tâche de suivi de la fatigue en expérimentation chez des sujets blessés médullaires. Les résultats montrent une bonne performance de suivi des variations d'état des muscles en présence de fatigue et face à d'autres perturbations. Basée sur les performances de precision de la méthode prédictive proposée, une nouvelle stratégie de commande utilisant le retour EMG, "EMG-Feedback Predictive Control (EFPC)", est proposée afin de contrôler de manière adaptative les séquences de stimulation en compensant la variation dans le temps de l'état du muscle. De plus, cette stratégie de commande permet explicitement d'éviter d'appliquer une stimulation excessive aux patients, et de générer les séquences de stimulation appropriées pour obtenir la trajectoire désirée des couples articulaires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Peña, Guido Gómez. "Controle de impedância adaptativo dirigido por EMG para reabilitacão robótica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-19032019-144320/.

Full text

Abstract:

Esta tese trata da estimativa de torque e rigidez do paciente dirigida por EMG e sua utilização para adaptar a rigidez do robô durante a reabilitação assistida por robôs. Os sinais eletromiográficos (EMG), obtidos de músculos que atuam durante os movimentos de flexão e extensão de um usuário utilizando uma órtese de joelho ativa, são processados para obter as ativações dos músculos. Inicialmente, um modelo musculoesquelético simplificado e otimizado é usado para calcular as estimativas de torque e rigidez da junta do paciente. A otimização do modelo é realizada comparando o torque estimado com o torque gerado pela ferramenta de dinâmica inversa do software OpenSim, considerando um modelo musculoesquelético escalonado. Como uma solução complementar, é proposta uma rede neural perceptron multicamada (NN) para mapear os sinais EMG para o torque do paciente. Também é apresentado um Ambiente de Estimativa de Torque Gerado por EMG criado para analisar os dados obtidos a partir da aplicação das abordagens propostas considerando a aplicação de um protocolo criado para a análise de interação usuário-exoesqueleto. Um banco de dados de indivíduos saudáveis também foi disponibilizado neste trabalho. Além disso, uma estratégia de controle de impedância adaptativa é proposta para ajustar a rigidez do robô com base na estimativa de rigidez do paciente por EMG. A estratégia inclui uma solução ideal para a interação paciente-robô. Finalmente, são apresentados os resultados obtidos aplicando o controle de impedância adaptativo proposto durante os movimentos de flexão e extensão do usuário que usa a órtese ativa.
This thesis deals with EMG-driven patient torque and stiffness estimation and its use to adapt the robot stiffness during robot-aided rehabilitation. Electromyographic (EMG) signals, taken from selected muscles acting during flexion and extension movements of an user wearing an active knee orthosis, are processed to get the muscles activations. First, a simplified and optimized musculoskeletal model is used to compute the estimate of patient joint torque and stiffness. The model optimization is performed by comparing the estimate torque with the torque generated by the inverse dynamics tool of the OpenSim software, considering a scaled musculoskeletal model. As a complementary solution, a multilayer perceptron neural network (NN) is proposed to map the EMG signals to the patient torque. It is also presented an EMG-driven Torque Estimation Environment created to analyze the data obtained from the application of the proposed approaches considering a protocol created for user-exoskeleton interaction analysis. A database with data from 5 healthy subjects is also made available in this work. Additionally, an adaptive impedance control strategy is proposed to adjust the robot stiffness based on the EMG-driven patient stiffness estimation. The strategy includes an optimal solution for the patient-robot interaction. Finally, the results obtained by applying the proposed adaptive impedance control during flexion and extension movements of the user wearing the active orthosis are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Baccherini, Simona. "Pattern recognition methods for EMG prosthetic control." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12033/.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work we focus on pattern recognition methods related to EMG upper-limb prosthetic control. After giving a detailed review of the most widely used classification methods, we propose a new classification approach. It comes as a result of comparison in the Fourier analysis between able-bodied and trans-radial amputee subjects. We thus suggest a different classification method which considers each surface electrodes contribute separately, together with five time domain features, obtaining an average classification accuracy equals to 75% on a sample of trans-radial amputees. We propose an automatic feature selection procedure as a minimization problem in order to improve the method and its robustness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Wang, Jing M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "EMG control of prosthetic ankle plantar flexion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76110.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Similar to biological human ankle, today's commercially available powered ankle-foot prostheses can vary impedance and deliver net positive ankle work. These commercially available prostheses are intrinsically controlled. Users cannot intuitively change ankle controller's behavior to perform movements that are not part of the repetitive walking gait cycle. For example, when transition from level ground walking to descending stairs, user cannot intuitively initiate or control the amount of ankle angle deflexion for a more normative stair descent gait pattern. This paper presents a hybrid controller that adds myoelectric control functionality to an existing intrinsic controller. The system employs input from both mechanical sensors on the ankle as well as myoelectric signals from gastrocnemius muscle of the user. This control scheme lets the user to modulate the gain of command ankle torque upon push off during level ground walking and stair ascent. It also allows the user to interrupt level ground walking control cycle and initiate ankle plantar flexion during stair descent. As a preliminary study, ankle characteristics such as ankle angle and torque were measured and compared to biological ankle characteristics. Results show that the proposed hybrid controller can maintain existing controller's biomimetic characteristics. In addition, it can also recognize to a qualitative extent the intended command torque for ankle push off and user's desire to switch between control modalities for different terrains. The study shows that it is possible and desirable to use neural signals as control signals for prosthetic leg controllers. Keyword: Myoelectric control, powered prosthesis, proportional torque control
by Jing Wang.
M.Eng.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mulcahy, Elaine. "An identification of task dependent frequency characteristics in normal and amputee EEG and EMG for use in intention detection for neuroprosthetic control." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Laine, Christopher. "Decoding the Language of Hypoglossal Motor Control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203440.

Full text

Abstract:

To effect movement, the central nervous system must appropriately coordinate the activities of pools of motoneurons (MNs), the cells which control muscle fibers. Sources of neural drive are often distributed to many MNs of a pool, and thus can synchronize the activities of targeted MNs. In this thesis, synchronization among MNs is used to investigate the strength, temporal progression, and anatomical distribution of neural drive to the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN), which controls muscles of the tongue. The HMN is an ideal target for such an investigation because it processes a host of functionally diverse inputs, such as those related to breathing, speaking, and swallowing. Study 1 characterizes motor unit (MU) synchronization within and across bellies of the human genioglossus (GG) muscle when MUs are activated by cortical drive (during voluntary tongue protrusion) or by automatic, brainstem-mediated drive (during rest breathing). We show that voluntary tongue protrusion synchronizes MU spike timing and firing rates within but not across bellies of the GG, whereas during rest breathing, MU firing rates are moderately synchronized both within and across muscle bellies. Study 2 documents respiratory-related synchronization of MU activities in muscles of the tongue and respiratory pump using an anesthetized rat model. The results of this study indicate that upper airway and respiratory pump MN pools share a low frequency respiratory-related drive, but that higher frequency (>8 Hz) synchronization is strongest in MU pairs of the chest-wall. Finally, Study 3 examines the potential for GG multi-unit and single MU activities to be entrained by cortical input. We show that during voluntary tongue protrusion, cortical oscillations in the 15-40 Hz range weakly synchronize MU population activity, and that EEG oscillations in this range intermittently influence the spike timing of individual GG MUs. These studies are the first to characterize MU synchronization by different sources of neural input to the HMN and establish a broad foundation for further investigation of hypoglossal motor control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Nais, Juliana. "Infestação de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em híbridos comerciais de milho (Zea mays L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102279.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Busoli
Coorientador: Marcos Doniseti Michelotto
Banca: Aildson Pereira Duarte
Banca: Julio César Guerreiro
Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior
Banca: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
Resumo: O milho é uma das plantas domesticadas pelo homem mais antigas do mundo e sua produção se torna ameaçada diante do ataque de pragas. Dentre elas destacam-se a lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda e a lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea. A S. frugiperda ataca preferencialmente o cartucho das plantas consumindo grande parte da área foliar antes de as folhas se desenvolverem. A H. zea é referida prejudicando a cultura atacando os estilo-estigmas e alimentando-se dos grãos leitosos. Para promover o manejo dessas pragas com a mínima utilização de agrotóxicos, a tecnologia das plantas geneticamente modificadas tem sido objeto de estudos. Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram avaliar a infestação de lagartas e injúrias de S. frugiperda e determinar o comportamento de oviposição, intensidade de infestação, danos nos estilo-estigmas e espigas provocados por H. zea em condições de campo, em híbridos convencionais e transgênicos. Os híbridos foram semeados na safrinha de 2010 e na safra de 2010/2011, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (híbridos) e quatro repetições. Diferentes níveis de infestação ocorreram durante os experimentos nos híbridos Bt e não Bt. O híbrido 2B710HX foi o menos infestado com lagartas de S. frugiperda e o menos danificado, o que se conclui que a expressão da toxina Cry1F foi a mais efetiva na proteção da planta, independente da época de semeadura. Os híbridos que expressam a toxina Cry1Ab e Cry1F foram os mais efetivos no controle da H. zea em Jaboticabal, independente da época de semeadura. Em Pindorama, SP, a toxina Cry1F apresentaram bons resultados contra a infestação de lagartas
Abstract: The maize is a plant domesticated by humans world's oldest and your production becomes threatened before the attack of pests. Among the pest that attack maize stand out the fall armyworn Spodoptera frugiperda and the bollworm Helicoverpa zea. S. frugiperda attacks preferably the maize plants consuming much of the leaf area before the leaves develop. H. zea hurting the culture attacking style-stigma and destroying the mand. In order to promote the management of these pests with minimal use of pesticides, the technology of genetically modified plants has been the subject of many studies. In this paper, the objective was to evaluate the infestation and injuries of S. frugiperda and determine the oviposition behavior, intensity of infestation, damage to the style-stigma and in ear caused by H. zea in field conditions in conventional and transgenic maize hybrids. The hybrids were planted in the harvest in the summer of 2010 and in harvest 2010/2011, in a randomized blocks with seven treatments (hybrids) and four replications. Different levels of infestation of larvae occurred throughout the development of conventional and transgenic hybrids. The hybrid 2B710HX was the least infested with larvae of S. frugiperda and the least damaged, which concludes that the Cry1F toxin was the most effective in protecting the plant, regardless of time of sowing. The hybrids expressing the Cry11Ab and Cry1F toxin were most effective in controlling H. zea in Jaboticabal, SP, regardless of sowing time. In Pindorama, SP, toxin Cry1F showed good results against the infestation of caterpillars
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ribeiro, Jean Marcos de Souza. "Controle discreto com modos deslizantes em sistemas incertos com atraso no sinal de controle /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100364.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia
Banca: Marcelo Carvalho M. Teixeira
Banca: Edvaldo Assunção
Banca: Fuad Kassab Junior
Banca: Marco Henrique Terra
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta três novas estratégias de controle discreto. O enfoque principal do trabalho foi dado ao Controle Discreto com Modos Deslizantes (CDMD) aplicados em sistemas que possuem atraso no processamento do sinal de controle. As novas estratégias de controle objetivam a elaboração de leis de fácil implementação prática e que ao mesmo tempo sejam robustas a incertezas da planta. Uma característica destas novas abordagens para controle discreto com atraso no tempo é a utilização de um Controle com Modos Deslizantes sem a necessidade de predição do sinal de controle. Os métodos de projeto propostos podem ser aplicados no controle de plantas estáveis ou instáveis com atraso no sinal de controle. Uma das estratégias foi elaborada para realizar controle apenas em sistemas discretos que não possuem atraso no sinal de controle, enquanto que as demais são utilizadas para controle em sistemas com atraso. São apresentadas simulações e resultados de implementações práticas, sobre uma planta estável de Controle Automático da Geração (CAG) e sobre um Sistema Pêndulo Invertido, que caracteriza bem uma planta instável. Os resultados comprovam a eficácia dos novos controladores.
Abstract: This work presents three new strategies of discrete-time control. The main focus of the work was given to the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) applied in systems that present delay in the processing of the control sign. The new control strategies provide laws of control of easy practical implementation and that at the same time are robust to uncertainties of the plant. A characteristic of these new approaches, for discrete-time control with delay-time, is the use of a Sliding Mode Control without the need of prediction of the control signal. The proposed design methods can be applied in the control of stable or unstable plants, with delay in the control signal. One of the strategies was elaborated to accomplish control just in discrete-time system without delay-time in the control sign, while the others are used for control in systems with delay-time. Simulations and experimental results are shown on a stable plant of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and on Inverted Pendulum System, that is an unstable plant. The results prove the controllers' effectiveness.
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Roeder, Luisa. "Cortical control of human gait." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101537/1/Luisa_Roeder_Thesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This research has advanced our understanding of how the brain controls muscle activity during walking, in healthy adults of different ages and people with Parkinson's disease. It has shown that there is direct brain control of leg muscles during the double support phase of gait in these populations. Moreover, this brain control is reduced in people with Parkinson's compared to healthy individuals, and standard anti-Parkinsonian medication does not counteract this deficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ammendrup, Katrin. "Framework for Wireless Acquisition of Surface EMG and Real-Time Control." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233311.

Full text

Abstract:

Muscle driven devices are controlled or powered with muscle activation. These devices open up the possibility of offering patients with limited muscle function to automatically control assistive devices - for instance exoskeletons - with input from their own muscles. This solution would help a number of patient groups suffering from common conditions, such as spinal cord injuries, stroke and cerebral palsy. To use muscle activation as input it is necessary to have a way to communicate with the mus- cles. Electromyography (EMG) is a technology used to gain information about muscle function and activation. It is performed by measuring and analyzing electrical signals conducted by the muscles during activation. Activation and activation level can be seen from analyzed EMG signal. EMG signals are frequently measured and analyzed afterwards, however, to use it as a controlling an assistive devices, real time analysis is necessary. In this thesis real time acquisi- tion and analysis of EMG was performed. The measured signal was used as an input to control a simple MATLAB computer game. The EMG of a muscle of the forearm, Brachioradialis, was measured with Myon Aktos sys- tem. The measured signal was written to a server as soon as the measurements were acquired. MATLAB was used to connect to the server and performing the signal analysis. The analysis was kept simple in order to limit delay. The result showed that it was possible to acquire real time signal with this method. The delay was negligible, both for the testing and for the game play. Showing that it is possible to play a game with muscle activation supports the idea of a motor that can be controlled automatically with muscle input. Future work should focus on understanding movement intent with respect to EMG and on analyzing multiple signals from different muscles at the same time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kanerva, Peter, and Hampus Karlberg. "Application Control Using EEG." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200570.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Prette, Nancy. "Avaliação da patogenicidade de Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, sobre os diferentes estádios de Rhipicephalus sanguineus no cão e no ambiente /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103910.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antônio Carlos Monteiro
Banca: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Lúcia Padilha Cury Thomaz de Aquino
Banca: Inajá Marchizeli Wenzel
Banca: Fernando Antonio de Ávila
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar "in vitro", a ação de Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, para larvas, ninfas e adultos machos e fêmeas não alimentadas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus e para onde as mesmas fases do ciclo de vida do ácaro mantidas alimentadas em cães por meio de câmaras de alimentação coladas no dorso do animal. A ação no ambiente habitado pelo cão foi avaliada por meio de infestações naturais em boxes com todos os estádios do ácaro. Foram usadas suspensões contendo 108 conídios mL-1 de cada isolado. Nos ensaios com as fases não alimentadas os estádios foram imersos nas suspensões dos fungos e no ensaio com de alimentação no cão os diversos estádios do ciclo biológico do carrapato foram imersos ou pulverizados com as suspensões de conídios, e no ensaio do ambiente do cão as suspensões foram pulverizadas em todo o canil. Nos ensaios "in vitro" foram avaliadas a mortalidade de larvas, ninfas e adultos machos e fêmeas, e no ensaio com alimentação no cão avaliou-se a mortalidade de cada estádio e os indivíduos sobreviventes foram colocados para ingurgitar em coelhos, para avaliação dos estádios subseqüentes do ciclo do carrapato, até se obter novamente a mesma fase em que iniciaram o ciclo. No ensaio do ambiente do cão foi avaliada diariamente a infestação dos animais com as diversas fases do ciclo de vida do ácaro. B. bassiana e M. anisopliae promoveram significativa redução da sobrevivência de todos os estádios não alimentados, deixando claro a atividade patogênica para a fase não alimentada de R. sanguineus. No experimento com a alimentação em cães, B. bassiana promoveu mortalidade de fêmea, mas não houve mortalidade de larvas e ninfas, fato este também observado para M. anisopliae ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work aimed to assess the "in vitro" action of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, for unfed larvae, nymphs and adult male and female of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and for the same stadiums the tick life cycle maintained fed on dogs through feeding cameras fixed on dog's dorsal region. The action on the ambient where the dog lives was also evaluated through natural infestations with all of the stadiums of the acarid. Suspensions containing 108 conidia mL-1 of each isolated were used. In every assay with the unfed phase, the stadiums were immersed in the suspensions of the fungus and in the assays with feeding cameras, all the phases of the biological cycle of the tick were immersed or powdered with the conidial suspension and in the assay in the ambient suspensions were spread powdered in the whole box. In the "in vitro" assays it was evaluated the larvae, nymphs and adult male and female mortality. In the feeding cameras assay, the mortality of each stadium was evaluated and the surviving individuals were put for engorged in rabbits, to evaluate subsequent stadiums of the cycle of the tick, until obtain the same stadium wich was attained at the moment they began the cycle. In the environmental assay it was daily evaluated the infestation of the animals with all the phases of the life cycle of the acarid. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae promoted a significant reduction of the survival rate of all unfed stadiums of the tick what brings a strong evidence of pathogenicicity to unfed phases of R. sanguineus. In the experiment with feeding cameras, B. bassiana promoted female mortality, but mortality of larvae and nymphs were not observed fact this also observed for M. anisopliae. In the environment of the dog naturally infested with the stadiums of R. sanguineus was possible to observe that B. bassiana reduced the number of unfed and engorged larvae in the first week after treatment ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Källman, Alexandra, and Nina Nylander. "Läppasymmetrier hos stammande och icke-stammande personer : En EMG-studie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242637.

Full text

Abstract:

Det har tidigare rapporterats att icke-stammande personer har en tydlig vänstersidig cerebral lateralisering vad gäller talmotoriken, vilket visas genom ökad högersidig aktivering i läppmuskulaturen. Personer med stamning har å andra sidan föreslagits ha ett vänstersidigt eller bilateralt aktiveringsmönster av talmuskulaturen. Detta antas vara en av orsakerna till stamning. Testdeltagarna i aktuell studie bestod av 11 stammande och 13 matchade icke-stammande vuxna. Uppgifterna bestod av ordrepetition, ordgenerering samt att puta med läpparna. EMG-aktivitet från musklerna orbicularis oris och depressor labii inferior registrerades med elektroder på höger och vänster sida av läppmuskulaturen. Syftet med aktuell studie var att undersöka eventuell skillnad i läppasymmetri mellan stammande och icke-stammande vuxna personer. Resultatet kunde inte påvisa signifikanta gruppskillnader i grad av muskelaktivering för läppmuskulaturen. Båda grupperna uppvisade tvärtemot förväntan en nästintill bilateral aktivitet. En tendens till positiv korrelation, om än inte statistiskt signifikant, kunde observeras mellan grad av uppvisad stamning och något mer högersidig muskelaktivering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Simkin, Laurey R. "The effects of performance feedback and EMG biofeedback contingency on self-perceptions." Scholarly Commons, 1986. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2123.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Tarullo, Viviana. "Artificial Neural Networks for classification of EMG data in hand myoelectric control." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19195/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis studies the state-of-the-art in myoelectric control of active hand prostheses for people with trans-radial amputation using pattern recognition and machine learning techniques. Our work is supported by Centro Protesi INAIL in Vigorso di Budrio (BO). We studied the control system developed by INAIL consisting in acquiring EMG signals from amputee subjects and using pattern recognition methods for the classifcation of acquired signals, associating them with specifc gestures and consequently commanding the prosthesis. Our work consisted in improving classifcation methods used in the learning phase. In particular, we proposed a classifer based on a neural network as a valid alternative to the INAIL one-versus-all approach to multiclass classifcation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ali, Ali Hussein. "An investigation of electromyographic (EMG) control of dextrous hand prostheses for transradial amputees." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2860.

Full text

Abstract:

There are many amputees around the world who have lost a limb through conflict, disease or an accident. Upper-limb prostheses controlled using surface Electromyography (sEMG) offer a solution to help the amputees; however, their functionality is limited by the small number of movements they can perform and their slow reaction times. Pattern recognition (PR)-based EMG control has been proposed to improve the functional performance of prostheses. It is a very promising approach, offering intuitive control, fast reaction times and the ability to control a large number of degrees of freedom (DOF). However, prostheses controlled with PR systems are not available for everyday use by amputees, because there are many major challenges and practical problems that need to be addressed before clinical implementation is possible. These include lack of individual finger control, an impractically large number of EMG electrodes, and the lack of deployment protocols for EMG electrodes site selection and movement optimisation. Moreover, the inability of PR systems to handle multiple forces is a further practical problem that needs to be addressed. The main aim of this project is to investigate the research challenges mentioned above via non-invasive EMG signal acquisition, and to propose practical solutions to help amputees. In a series of experiments, the PR systems presented here were tested with EMG signals acquired from seven transradial amputees, which is unique to this project. Previous studies have been conducted using non-amputees. In this work, the challenges described are addressed and a new protocol is proposed that delivers a fast clinical deployment of multi-functional upper limb prostheses controlled by PR systems. Controlling finger movement is a step towards the restoration of lost human capabilities, and is psychologically important, as well as physically. A central thread running through this work is the assertion that no two amputees are the same, each suffering different injuries and retaining differing nerve and muscle structures. This work is very much about individualised healthcare, and aims to provide the best possible solution for each affected individual on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, the approach has been to optimise the solution (in terms of function and reliability) for each individual, as opposed to developing a generic solution, where performance is optimised against a test population. This work is unique, in that it contributes to improving the quality of life for each individual amputee by optimising function and reliability. The main four contributions of the thesis are as follows: 1- Individual finger control was achieved with high accuracy for a large number of finger movements, using six optimally placed sEMG channels. This was validated on EMG signals for ten non-amputee and six amputee subjects. Thumb movements were classified successfully with high accuracy for the first time. The outcome of this investigation will help to add more movements to the prosthesis, and reduce hardware and computational complexity. 2- A new subject-specific protocol for sEMG site selection and reliable movement subset optimisation, based on the amputee’s needs, has been proposed and validated on seven amputees. This protocol will help clinicians to perform an efficient and fast deployment of prostheses, by finding the optimal number and locations of EMG channels. It will also find a reliable subset of movements that can be achieved with high performance. 3- The relationship between the force of contraction and the statistics of EMG signals has been investigated, utilising an experimental design where visual feedback from a Myoelectric Control Interface (MCI) helped the participants to produce the correct level of force. Kurtosis values were found to decrease monotonically when the contraction level increased, thus indicating that kurtosis can be used to distinguish different forces of contractions. 4- The real practical problem of the degradation of classification performance as a result of the variation of force levels during daily use of the prosthesis has been investigated, and solved by proposing a training approach and the use of a robust feature extraction method, based on the spectrum. The recommendations of this investigation improve the practical robustness of prostheses controlled with PR systems and progress a step further towards clinical implementation and improving the quality of life of amputees. The project showed that PR systems achieved a reliable performance for a large number of amputees, taking into account real life issues such as individual finger control for high dexterity, the effect of force level variation, and optimisation of the movements and EMG channels for each individual amputee. The findings of this thesis showed that the PR systems need to be appropriately tuned before usage, such as training with multiple forces to help to reduce the effect of force variation, aiming to improve practical robustness, and also finding the optimal EMG channel for each amputee, to improve the PR system’s performance. The outcome of this research enables the implementation of PR systems in real prostheses that can be used by amputees.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hincapie, Juan Gabriel. "EMG-Based Control of Upper Extremity Neuroprostheses for C5/C6 Spinal Cord Injury." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1212766320.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Silva, Jefferson Leone e. "Projeto de controle robusto para acomodação de falhas no módulo do helicóptero 3-DOF /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87099.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia
Banca: Jean Marcos de Souza Ribeiro
Banca: Cristiano Quevedo Andrea
Resumo: O principal objetivo do trabalho é explorar a técnica de controle robusto com Modos Deslizantes para a acomodação e atenuação de uma falha no sinal de controle de um helicóptero. Foram projetados dois controladores, o Controle com Estrutura Variável e Modos Deslizantes contínuo no tempo (CEV/MD), e o segundo é o Controle Discreto com Modos Deslizantes (CDMD). Foi usado um modelo matemático não linear que representa um simulador de voo (Helicóptero 3-DOF da Quanser R ), que é um equipamento útil para o ensino, aplicação e desenvolvimento de técnicas de controle robusto. Os resultados experimentais obtidos, fazem uma comparação entre o controle contínuo e o controle discreto. Para que essa comparação seja feita foi inserida uma falha no sinal de controle. Mesmo diante das diferenças na resposta do sinal de controle, entre os controladores, o sistema teve um bom desempenho quando controlado pelo CEV/MD e CDMD, mostrando assim a eficiência da técnica de controle com Modos Deslizantes
Abstract: The main objective of this work is the exploration of the robust control technique with Sliding Mode (VSC-SM) for fault accommodation and attenuation in an aircraft's propulsion system. Two controllers were designed, Variable Structure Control with Sliding Mode (VSCSM) and Discrete Control with Sliding Modes (DCSM). For that, it was used a mathematical model of a flight Simulator of a Quanser's helicopter, named as 3-DOF Helicopter, which is an excellent module for teaching, application and development of robust control techniques. The results obtained in digital simulations show great performance of the system in fault when controlled by VSC-SM and DCSM
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Garcia, Marcos Valério. "Aplicação do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae em pastagem visando o controle do carrapato Boophilus microplus em bovinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103898.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Metarhizium anisopliae em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens naturalmente infestada, submetida ao pastejo com bovinos, visando o controle do carrapato Boophilus microplus. O estudo foi realizado no período de maio de 2006 a março de 2007, em pastagem de B. decumbens, implantada em solo de textura argilosa da Fazenda do Glória, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), em Uberlândia, MG. Utilizou-se população de B. microplus naturalmente existente na pastagem com área de 12.000 m2 e 24 novilhos mestiços com cerca de 1 ano de idade, como hospedeiros experimentais. A randomização dos animais foi feita pela contagem de fêmeas ingurgitadas (instar entre 4,5 a 8 mm de comprimento), no terceiro, segundo e primeiro dias anteriores à primeira aplicação do fungo na pastagem. A área da pastagem foi então dividida em dois pastos com 6.000 m2, e grupos homogêneos de 12 animais foram introduzidos em cada pasto, determinando-se por sorteio o pasto tratado e o controle. Para pulverizar o pasto tratado, foram utilizados 5 a 6 kg de arroz contendo o isolado E9 de M. anisopliae esporulado, com os quais se produziu 400 L de suspensão conidial, quantidade suficiente para pulverizar, em média, 66,7 mL de suspensão por metro quadrado de pasto ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work the efficacy of spraying Brachiaria decumbens pasture with Metarhizium anisopliae against natural infestation with the cattle tick Boophilus microplus was evaluated. The study was conducted from May 2006 to March 2007 at the Gloria farm from the Federal University of Uberlândia, in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Experimental pasture of 12.000 m2, naturally infested with B. microplus and had 24 one year old mixed breed bovines was used. The area was halved in two pastures of 6.000 m2 and each pasture received 12 animals. Tick susceptibility of bovines of each area was similar. Pastures were than sprayed with either a conidial suspension of E9 M. anisopliae isolate (treated pasture) or the conidial suspension vehicle without the fungus (control pasture). Pastures were sprayed 12 times with 21 day intervals between applications. Bovines remained on the pasture during the spraying. Fungus persistence on the soil and the grass was evaluated on first, seven and 14 days after each spraying. Pasture infestation with larvae and animal infestation with engorging female ticks were evaluated 17, 19, 21, 26 and 33 days after each pasture treatment ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antõnio Carlos Monteiro
Coorientador: Matias Pablo Juan Szabó
Banca: Marcelo Bahia Labruna
Banca: Márcio Botelho de Castro
Banca: Luís Garrigos Leite
Banca: Ely Nahas
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Leoni, Roberto Campos. "Estudo do desempenho dos gráficos de controle quando a média do processo oscila de acordo com o modelo AR(1) /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93086.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: No planejamento dos gráficos de controle destinados ao monitoramento da média do processo, assume-se que esta permanece fixa em seu valor alvo até a ocorrência de uma causa especial, que a desloca. Em muitos processos, contudo, é mais razoável supor que a média oscila mesmo na ausência de causas especiais. Para descrever este comportamento oscilatório, tem-se utilizado o modelo autoregressivo de 1ª ordem, AR (1). Quando esta oscilação é grande, o melhor desempenho do gráfico de X é obtido com amostras unitárias. O mesmo não se observa com a carta de EWMA (exceto quando o parâmetro de ponderação  é próximo de um); os melhores desempenhos são obtidos com a adoção de amostras de tamanho n>1 e  pequeno, mesmo quando o objetivo é a detecção rápida de grandes deslocamentos da média. Neste estudo, utiliza-se como medida de desempenho o TES - tempo médio entre a ocorrência de uma mudança na posição em torno da qual a média oscila e sua sinalização pelo gráfico de controle. Quando a média do processo oscila, o TES passa a ser uma função do número esperado de visitas aos estados transientes de uma cadeia de Markov
Abstract: The design of the control charts for the process mean, assumes that this parameter remains fixed on its target value until the occurrence of a special cause that shifts it. In many cases, however, it is more reasonable to assume that the mean wanders even in the absence of special causes. To describe this wandering behavior, has used the AR(1) model. When the wandering behavior is responsible for significant proportion of the data variability, the best performance of the X chart is obtained with samples of size one (n=1). The same is not true with the EWMA control chart (except when the smoothing parameter  is very close to one), its best performance is achieved with the adoption of n>1 and small , even to detect large changes in the process mean position. In this study, the average time between the occurrence of a change in the process mean position and the signal (TES) - is used to assess the chart's performance. With the process mean wandering, this measure of performance becomes function of the expected number of visits to the transient states of a Markov chain
Orientador: Antonio Fernando Branco Costa
Coorientador: Marcela Aparecida Guerreiro Machado
Banca: Mauro Hugo Mathias
Banca: Fernando Antonio Elias Claro
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Souza, Rafael Praxedes. "O corpo na escola : um estudo sobre as relações entre cultura e processos de subjetivação /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90080.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Romualdo Dias
Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado
Banca: Dulcineia Fatima Ferreira Pereira
Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa alguns limites e algumas possibilidades da ação educacional na escola a partir de minhas inquietações diretamente relacionadas com o controle dos corpos dos educandos. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo cartografar os corpos dos alunos de escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Estamos atentos para identificar e investigar a emergência de uma possível "cultura policial" no interior da escola, e escolhemos duas fontes documentais que nos ajudarão a entender este processo: os livros de ocorrências e o "PROERD", programa da polícia militar levado para a sala de aula. Nos documentos recolhidos aparece a necessidade de reformar os alunos, por meio da estratégia da vigilância permanente e da responsabilização por suas atitudes. Opera pelo reforço da informação de que todas as atitudes não desejadas serão marcadas com o acréscimo de conduzirem inevitavelmente a um suposto "caminho ruim". Temos, deste modo, caracterizado o eixo do controle sobre os corpos. Elucidamos os mecanismos de controle a partir da leitura de BENTHAM, que promete resultados ótimos se a sociedade for vigiada o tempo todo e destaca a importância de que todos saibam que são vigiados. Os estudos de SKINNER e THOREAU apresentam a importância e os benefícios de uma sociedade planificada, com controle da natureza e do humano. Entendemos que a escola é uma instituição política e que o controle não consegue capturar completamente as pessoas, e a partir deste posicionamento demarcamos o que vibra fora do visível. Perguntamos: como os alunos conseguem dar vida à escola? Os sinais de rebeldia também podem ser sinais de vida, compreendidos como reações de um corpo que se manifesta mesmo quando é anestesiado. Trabalharemos um segundo eixo, o da emancipação, utilizando a sensibilidade do cartógrafo, que está atento aos sinais e aos gestos que escapam aos mecanismos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research examines some limitations and some possibilities of educational action at school from my concerns directly related to the control of bodies of students. Our study aims to chart the bodies of public school students of São Paulo. We are aware to identify and investigate the possible emergence of a "police culture" within the school, and chose two documentary sources that help us understand this process: the books of occurrences and "PROERD" program of the military police led to the classroom. In documents obtained appears the need to reform the students through the strategy of constant supervision and accountability for their actions. Operates by strengthening the information that all unwanted attitudes will be marked with the addition that it lead inevitably to a supposed "bad way". We thus characterized the axis of control over their bodies. We explain the mechanisms of control from the reading of BENTHAM, which promises optimal results if the society is monitored all the time and highlights the importance that everyone knows they are monitored. The studies of SKINNER and THOREAU present the importance and benefits of a planned society, with control of nature and the human. We understand that school is a political institution and that the control can not fully capture the people, and from this position we defined what vibrates off the visible. We ask: how students can give life to school? Signs of rebellion can also be signs of life, understood as reactions of a body that is manifested even when it is anesthetized. We will work a second axis, the emancipation of using the sensitivity of the cartographer, who is aware to the signs and gestures which escape the control mechanisms operating within the school
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza 1972. "Seleção e avaliação de campo de isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. para o controle da cigarrinha-da-raiz da cana-de-açúcar, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal,1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105421.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antonio Batista Filho
Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado
Banca: José Eduardo Marcondes Almeida
Banca: Luis Garrigos Leite
Resumo: Com o objetivo de determinar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae sobre ninfas de Mahanarva fimbriolata foi testada, em laboratório, a patogenicidade de 79 isolados, provenientes de diferentes hospedeiros e regiões do país. Inicialmente, foi realizado um bioensaio para estabelecimento da concentração a ser utilizada nos experimentos de seleção, adotando-se, como padrão, o isolado IBCB 348 de M. anisopliae. Através da Análise de Probit, foi calculada a CL50 obtendo uma concentração de 1,2 x 108 conídios/mL, decorridos 4 dias da pulverização. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, observando-se os níveis de mortalidade acumulada (total, confirmada e corrigida) de cada tratamento. Os melhores isolados testados foram IBCB 348; IBCB 351; IBCB 363; IBCB 408; IBCB 410; IBCB 418; IBCB 425 e IBCB 482, os quais apresentaram uma eficiência igual ou superior a 70% de mortalidade confirmada, aos seis dias da pulverização. Os isolados IBCB 348; IBCB 408; IBCB 410 e IBCB 425 foram os que mais produziram conídios em arroz com 2,08 x 108, 1,75 x 108, 2,22 x 108 e 2,30 x 108 conídios/g de arroz pré-cozido, respectivamente, pelo método de bandeja. Foi pulverizado 2kg/ha de arroz+fungo, contendo 1,5 x 1012 conídios/ha, destacando-se os isolados IBCB 348 e IBCB 408 que causaram mortalidade, para ninfas de 100%, respectivamente, aos 15 dias da pulverização. Decorridos 30 dias da pulverização, os isolados IBCB 408 e IBCB 425 apresentaram eficiência de controle de 63 e 62%, respectivamente, para as ninfas e para os adultos foi de 100%, respectivamente. Aos 60 dias da aplicação, o isolado IBCB 425 foi o mais eficiente para controlar as ninfas (48,4%) e para os adultos de M. fimbriolata, os isolados não foram eficientes. Nas avaliações realizadas aos 90 e 120 dias, a população de cigarrinha manteve-se acima do nível de dano econômico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: This work was carried out evaluate the pathogenicity of different isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against nymphs of Mahanarva fimbriolata. The pathogenicity of 79 isolates, provenients from differents hosts and regions of the country, were tested in the laboratory. First, it was performed a bioassay to determine the concentration to be used in the selection experiments, the IBCB 348 isolate of M. anisopliae was used as standard. Evaluations were done daily, observing the levels of mortality (total, confirmed and corrected) of each treatment. The best isolates were IBCB 348; IBCB 351; IBCB 363; IBCB 408; IBCB 410; IBCB 418; IBCB 425 and IBCB 482, which showed an efficiency equal or higher than 70% six days after the pulverization. The isolates IBCB 348; IBCB 408; IBCB 410 and IBCB 425 produced the largest number of conidia with 2,08 x 108; 1,75 x 108; 2,22 x 108 and 2,30 x 108 conidia/g of rice, respectively by the tray method. Was pulverized 2kg/ha de rice+fungus, with 1,5 x 1012 conidia/ha, showing off the isolates IBCB 348 and IBCB 408 that caused a mortality for nymphs of 100%, respectively, 15 days after the pulverization. After 30 days of the pulverization, the isolates IBCB 408 and IBCB 425 showed control efficiency of 63 and 62%, respectively, for the nymphs and for adults the efficiency was 100%, respectively. Sixty day after the application, the isolate IBCB 425 were the most efficients for control nymphs (48%) and for adults of M. fimbriolata the isolates weren't efficients. In the evaluation realized at 90 and 120 days, the speatlebug population was kept above the economic threshold level. The efficiency of the isolates was null for adults and for nymphs, the isolate IBCB 408 showed efficiency of 31%, after ninety days of the pulverization. At 120 days, the efficiency of the isolates was null for nymphs and for adults the maxim efficiency (63%) was... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ferreira, Castellane Silva. "Sistema de gerenciamento automático de reatores eletrônicos com ajuste do nível de luminosidade para múltiplas lâmpadas fluorescentes /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87118.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de iluminação fluorescente com gerenciamento automático baseado em reatores eletrônicos aplicados a múltiplas lâmpadas fluorescentes. O foco desta pesquisa é direcionado ao desenvolvimento de uma plataforma automática de gerenciamento e supervisão, propiciando o controle de luminosidade, acionamento remoto e também acionamentos programáveis de acordo com o expediente de trabalho do local e condições de iluminação natural do ambiente, além de prover aumento de vida útil das lâmpadas fluorescentes, em função de protocolo proposto para préaquecimento e ignição. Foram acoplados ao sistema sensores de luminosidade e de presença, permitindo a obtenção dos dados necessários para a atuação automática. O controle por calha das lâmpadas fluorescentes é feito por um microcontrolador AtMega8 da ATMEL, o qual é responsável pela automação do sistema. A plataforma de gerenciamento e monitoração utiliza um microcomputador para que seja executado o aplicativo desenvolvido, o qual provê uma interface amigável ao usuário. Assim, um protocolo de comunicação foi desenvolvido para que haja uma comunicação de dados confiável, oferecendo robustez e alta confiabilidade ao controle do sistema de iluminação. Para o processamento dos dados, foi utilizado o barramento serial de comunicação full duplex com padrão RS232 e RS485 com transmissão assíncrona. Adicionalmente, o sistema funciona no sistema mestre-escravo, sendo o microcomputador responsável por enviar endereçamentos e ordens de ação aos microcontroladores, os quais identificam os endereçamentos e dados, executam a ação programada e envia dado de monitoramento ao microcomputador, quando requisitado pelo usuário.
Abstract: In this work, the development and implementation of an illumination fluorescent system with automatic management based on electronic ballast applied to multiple fluorescent lamps are presented. This research is directed in the development of the management and supervision of an automatic platform, allowing the control of luminosity, the remote actuation and also the programmable actuation according with the local business work and conditions of natural light of the environment. In addition, the ballast will provide the increase in the average lifetime for fluorescent lamps, considering a proposed protocol to pre-heating and ignition. The automatic actuation of the system is allowed by the coupling, of the luminosity and presence sensors. The control of fluorescent lamps by channel is executed by an ATMEL's AtMega8 microcontroller, which is responsible for the system automation. The management and monitoring platform uses a microcomputer with purpose to execute the implemented application, which will provide a friendly interface to the user. Thus, a protocol of communication was developed to allow a reliable communication of data, providing robustness and high reliability to the control of lighting system. Considering the processing of data acquired, was used a Serial Bus of communication with full duplex standard RS232 and RS485, with asynchronous transmission. Additionally, the system works in the master-slave mode, and the microcomputer is responsible for sending addresses and orders of action to microcontrollers, which identify and address data, in order to perform the programmed action to it, and in order to send data to the microcomputer, when requested by the user.
Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin
Coorientador: Fábio Toshiaki Wakabayashi
Banca: Falcondes Jose Mendes de Seixas
Banca: Ricardo Nederson do Prado
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sousa, Tiago dos Santos. "Efeito do encurtamento muscular dos flexores da anca na actividade muscular dos extensores da anca, durante uma tarefa de agachamento, em jovens jogadores de futebol." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5737.

Full text

Abstract:

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia
Objetivo: O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a força muscular dos músculos flexores e extensores da anca, assim como a resposta electromiográfica dos extensores da anca, durante uma tarefa dinâmica de agachamento, em atletas juvenis de futebol masculino, com e sem encurtamento dos músculos flexores da anca. Metodologia: 18 jogadores de futebol, do sexo masculino, pertencentes ao Padroense Futebol Clube, com média de idades de 16,0 ± 1,372 anos, peso 62,877 ± 8,945 kg e altura 1,726 ± 0,085m, participaram no presente estudo. Com recurso ao Teste de Thomas, os atletas foram seleccionados para um grupo de teste (teste de Thomas positivo – presença de encurtamento) ou um grupo de controlo (teste de Thomas negativo – ausência de encurtamento). Foi avaliada a força muscular isométrica dos músculos isquiotibiais, glúteo máximo e iliopsoas com recurso a célula de carga e foi analisada a actividade electromiográfica dos músculos isquiotibiais e glúteo máximo durante o agachamento. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas que comprovassem a existência de diferenças para a força e a activação muscular entre atletas com e sem encurtamento muscular dos flexores da anca. Conclusão: Para a amostra estudada, não foram encontradas diferenças em termos de força e activação eletromiográfica, para os músculos em estudo, entre atletas com e sem encurtamento dos flexores da anca.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the muscle strength of hip flexor and extensor muscles, as well as the electromyographic response of the hip extensors during a dynamic squat task in youth male football athletes, with and without shortening of hip flexors muscles. Methodology: 18 soccer players, male, of the club Padroense Futebol Clube with a mean age of 16,0 ± 1,372, weight 62,877 ± 8,945 kg and height 1,726 ± 0,085 m participated on this study. Using the Modified Thomas Test, the athletes were selected to a test group (positive Thomas Test – presence of shortening) or a control group (negative Thomas Test – absence of shortening). Isometric muscle strength was evaluated on the hamstrings, gluteus maximus and iliopsoas muscles by using a load cell and it was analyzed the electromiographic activity of the hamstrings and gluteus maximus during squat. Results: No significant differences were found which would conclusively prove the existence of differences to the muscle strength and muscle activation between athletes with and without muscle shortening of the hip flexors. Conclusion: For the study sample, no differences were found in terms of strength and eletromyographic activation of the muscles in study, between athletes with and without shortening of the hip flexors.
N/A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Killikelly, Clare. "Dynamic psychophysiological change in cognitive control across the adult lifespan : ERP and EMG studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607697.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Giuffrida, Joseph P. "Synergistic Neural Network Control of FES Elbow Extension After Spinal Cord Injury Using EMG." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1081513453.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Grier, Finlay. "The Reduction of Tension Headache Using EMG Biofeedback and Locus of Control as Predictors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332051/.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the status of biofeedback treatment and locus of control (LOC) affiliation on the reduction of tension headache. Three LOC groups designated as internals, powerful-other externals and chance externals (using Wallston and Wallston's, 1978, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale) were administered an eight week electromyogram (EMG) frontalis muscle biofeedback training program using an Autogen 1700 biofeedback unit. Subjects were 12 female and four male undergraduate students who had a history of tension headache. Results indicated no significant difference in frontalis muscle tension between the beginning and end of sessions in either a biofeedback or self-control condition for any of the LOC groups. Further, there was no significant difference among LOC groups in ability to reduce muscle tension in either the training or self-control condition. Finally, neither biofeedback training nor LOC groups were significant predictors of headache reduction. Extreme within-group variability and small sample size affected study findings and these and other implications for future research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Giglioti, Rodrigo. "Efeito de extratos de sementes de Nim (Azadirachta indica) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) (ACARI: IXODIDAE) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96563.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é considerado o mais importante parasito de bovinos no Brasil. Atualmente seu controle é dificultado pela exigüidade de moléculas acaricidas geradas, e pelo rápido desenvolvimento de resistência dos carrapatos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de quatro extratos oleosos de sementes de Nim (Azadirachta indica) contento 2.000, 5.000, 9.000 e 10.000 ppm de azadiractina (AZA) quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de R. (B.) microplus, in vitro. Para os ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas foi usado o Teste de Imersão de Adultas e para os ensaios com as larvas o Teste do Pacote com Larvas. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas mostraram que o principal efeito tóxico produzido pelos extratos, está relacionado à inibição da reprodução deste parasito. Foram verificadas reduções nas taxas de ovipostura e eclodibilidade das larvas oriundas das fêmeas tratadas com várias diluições dos extratos, em relação aos controles. Nos cálculos de Eficácia do produto (EP) para todas as soluções testadas, observou-se que a solução de 10.000ppm de AZA (N10) apresentou a maior eficácia. Os resultados das análises dos ensaios mostraram significância (p<0,01) dos dois efeitos incluídos no modelo, indicando variações significativas tanto devidas à concentração de AZA, quanto do ensaio realizado. Nas concentrações letais para as fêmeas ingurgitadas verificou-se que as CL50 não apresentaram variações, enquanto que as CL90 apresentaram grandes variações entre os extratos estudados. Nos ensaios com as larvas, não foram observadas mortalidade das larvas, indicando eficácia zero de todos os extratos testados. Os resultados dos ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. (B.) microplus mostraram que os extratos oleosos de Nim apresentaram atividade ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is considered the most important cattle parasite in Brazil. Nowadays, his control is complicated by the slowness that acaricides molecules are generated, synthesized through and by the fast development of the resistance of these ticks to the market available products. This work aims to study the effect of four extracts of Neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) containing 2.000, 5.000, 9.000 and 10.000 ppm of azadirachtin (AZA) quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on engorged females and larvae of R. (B.) microplus, in vitro. For the tests with engorged females, the Adult Immersion Test was used and for the larvae was used the Larvae Package Test. The test results with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect produced by the extracts is related to the inhibition of the parasite reproduction. Were observed reductions in oviposition and hatchability rates of the larvae derived from the female treated with several dilutions of extracts, compared to controls. In the Product Effectiveness (PE) for all the test solutions, the 10.000ppm (N10) solution showed the highest efficiency. The analysis results from the tests showed significance (p<0,01) of the two effects included in the model, indicating variations both due to AZA and to the test performed. In the lethal concentration to the engorged females was verified that the CL50 did not show great variation, while the CL90 showed great variation between the studied extracts. In the tests with larvae was not observed mortality of them, indicating zero effectiveness of all tested extracts. The results of the tests with R. (B.) microplus engorged females demonstrated that the extract of Neem seeds oils showed acaricide activity. Thus, it is suggested that further studies can be conducted, such as development of the methods and of excrection, and characterization of other secondary ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
Coorientador: Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira
Banca: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Moacir Rossi Forim
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jacomeli, João Ricardo. "Aplicação de observadores e controladores com modos deslizantes no controle da geração /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87233.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia
Banca: Marcelo Carvalho M. Teixeira
Banca: Fuad Kassab Junior
Resumo: Devido ao grande crescimento em tamanho e complexidade dos sistemas de potência interconectados, surge a necessidade de se desenvolver novas técnicas de controle de geração. Eram usados modelos simplificados para a análise, assim como outras abordagens. Atualmente, novas modelagens levam em conta muitos outros parâmetros que antes não eram utilizados, aproximando cada vez mais a planta modelada com a planta real. Grandes esforços têm sido feitos no controle automático da geração de sistemas de potência interconectados. Para tanto, foram utilizados neste trabalho um observador com modo deslizante e leis de controle com modo deslizante analógica e controle com modo deslizante digital para análise de desempenho do controle de geração, utilizando a planta de um sistema com geração térmica e geração hidráulica interconectados.
Abstract: Due to the great growth in size and complexity of the interconnected power systems, it appears of developing of new techniques of generation control. Simplified models were used for the analysis, as well as for other approaches. Nowadays, new modellings take into account many other parameters that before were not considered, approximating the modeled plant with the real plant. Great efforts have been made in the automatic generation control of the interconnected power systems. In this work an observer with sliding mode and control laws with analogical sliding mode and control with digital sliding mode, with the plant of an interconnected system with thermal generation and hydraulic generation, were proposed and analyzed.
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Caun, Alessandro da Ponte. "Modos deslizantes discretos em sistemas incertos com atraso na computação do sinal de controle /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87244.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: José Paulo Fernandes Garcia
Banca: Haroldo Rodrigues de Azevedo
Banca: Marcelo Carvalho M. Teixeira
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma nova estratégia de controle discreto. A técnica é baseada em Modos Deslizantes Discretos, utilizando uma lei de controle suave. Quando um algoritmo de controle é implementado em um computador digital, existe um atraso no tempo de computação, devido ao tempo de execução das instruções. Neste trabalho, vamos assumir que estes atrasos são constantes e menores que um período de amostragem. A presença do atraso no tempo de computação não apenas reduz a estabilidade e robustez, mas também degrada a performance de controle. O novo controlador proposto é projetado para atuar na presença destes atrasos, melhorando substancialmente o desempenho do controle. Outra propriedade importante deste controlador é a possibilidade de trabalhar com períodos de amostragem mais altos, garantindo o uso de freqüências mais baixas de processamento, ou seja, proporcionando uma economia do hardware de atuação. A nova lei de controle proposta foi aplicada na estabilização de quatro sistemas incertos e de natureza instável: Sistema Bola e Viga, Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Linear, Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Rotacional e Sistema Pêndulo Invertido Rotacional Duplo. Resultados das simulações são apresentados e comparados com resultados de outro controlador de Modo Deslizante, proposto na literatura, caracterizando um estudo comparativo, onde a eficácia do novo controlador projetado se mostra evidente, devido a seu algoritmo de fácil elaboração prática. Para melhor visualização do comportamento dos sistemas estudados e visando a contribuição no aprendizado de sistemas de controle, modelos de animação em três dimensões foram utilizados.
Abstract: This work presents a new strategy of discrete-time control. The technique is based on Discrete-Time Sliding Modes, using a smooth control law. When a control algorithm is implemented in a digital computer, there is a computation time delay, due the execution time of the instructions. In this work, we go to assume that these delays are constant and smaller than a sampling period. The presence of the computation time delay not only reduces the stability and robustness, but also degrades the control performance. The new considered controller is projected to work in the presence of these delays, improving substantially the performance of the control. Another important property of this controller is the possibility to work with higher sampling periods, guaranteeing the use of lower frequencies of processing, providing an economy of the actuation hardware. The new control law proposal was applied in the stabilization of four uncertain systems with unstable nature: Ball and Beam System, Linear Inverted Pendulum System, Rotational Inverted Pendulum System and Double Rotational Inverted Pendulum System. Simulations results are presented and compared with results of other Sliding Mode controller, proposed in the literature, characterizing a comparative study, where the effectiveness of the new designed controller shows evident, due your algorithm of easy practical elaboration. For better visualization of the behavior of the systems studied and aiming at the contribution in the learning of control systems, models of animation in three dimensions had been used.
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Penariol, Mara Cristina. "Requisitos nutricionais e reprodução massal de Bipolaris euphorbiae /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94936.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: Um dos grandes entraves para utilização a campo, de agentes de controle biológico de plantas daninhas reside na dificuldade de produção de inóculo em grande quantidade, sem perda de virulência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes fontes de C, N, P e suplementos para o crescimento e esporulação do fungo Bipo/aris euphorbiae e encontrar substratos naturais de baixo custo e fácil obtenção que permitam otimizar a produção massa I do fungo. Foram avaliadas cinco fontes de carbono (glicose, amido, sacarose, lactose e maltose), cinco fontes inorgânicas de nitrogênio (nitrato de sÓdio, nitrato de amônio, sulfato de amônia, fosfato de amônio di-básico, cio reto de amônio), seis fontes de fósforo (fosfato de potássio monobásico, fosfato de potássio bi-básico, fosfato de cálcio, fosfato de sódio, ácido fosfórico e fosfato de amônio). Em seguida avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação do meio com fontes orgânicas de macro e micronutrientes e com vitaminas. A avaliação do desempenho do fungo foi baseada no crescimento radial das colÔnias e na produção de conidios por unidade de área de colônia. Com base dos resultados destes ensaios foram utilizados diversos substratos naturais, preferencialmente grãos (arroz, sorgo, trigo) ou reslduos agroindustriais (quirelas, farelos, cascas, bagaços e reslduos liquidas de processamento) com o objetivo de obter meios de cultura sólidos ou IIquidos que permitam bom crescimento do fungo com alta esporulação, visando a produção massal para o controle biológico de plantas daninhas. O amido pode ser considerado a fonte de carbono mais apropriada para o fungo, pois promoveu crescimento significativamente maior com alta sporulação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: One of the great problems of using biological control in field conditions relies on the difficulty of production of large quantities of inoculum, without loosing virulence. The objective of this work was to evaluate different sources of C, N, P and supplements for the growth and sporulation of Bípolaris euphorbiae. It is also an objective to find natural substrates with low cost and easly obtained that allows the optimization of the massive production of the fungus. In this experiment were evaluated five sources of carbon (glucose, starch, sucrose, lactose and maltose), five inorganic sources of nitrogen (sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, dibasic ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride) and six phosphorus sources (monobasic potassium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate). Additionally was evaluated the effect of macro and micronutrients and vitamins by supplementing of culture media with organic sources. The evaluation was based on the radial growth of fungi colonies and on conidia production per area of colony. Based on the results of these experiments, several natural substrates were tested, preferentially grains (rice, sorghum, wheat) and residues of the agriculture industry (chopped com, bagass and liquid residues of processing industry). The objective was to obtain solid or liquids culture media that allows good growth of the fungus with high sporulation, allowing massive production for the biological control of weeds. The starch can be considered the source of carbon more appropriate for the fungus, because it promoted significantly higher growth and sporulation...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Orientador: Antônio Carlos Monteiro
Coorientador: Robinson Antonio Pitelli
Banca: Wagner Bettiol
Banca: Margarete Camargo
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rodrigues, Camila Alves. "Eficiência de predação de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) sobre o tripes do amendoim Enneothrips flavens (Moulton, 1941) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91351.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Sérgio de Freitas
Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior
Banca: Márcio da Silva Araújo
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o potencial de predação de E. flavens através da liberação de ovos embrionados e larvas de primeiro ínstar de C. externa em plantas de amendoim cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (plantas que não receberam liberação, plantas que receberam liberação de ovos embrionados e plantas que receberam liberação de larvas de primeiro ínstar) e 15 repetições no primeiro experimento e 20 no segundo. Foram realizadas amostragens antes da liberação e com 4, 9 e 15 dias após. No primeiro experimento e em relação às diferentes amostragens, as plantas que não receberam liberação o número médio de tripes não variou significativamente. As plantas que receberam liberação de ovos e larvas apresentaram aumento significativo do número médio de tripes aos quatro dias. Aos nove dias o número médio de tripes reduziu-se significativamente nas plantas que receberam liberação de ovos e aos 15 dias nas plantas que receberam liberação de larvas. No segundo experimento e em relação às diferentes amostragens, o número médio de tripes nas plantas que não receberam liberação não variou significativamente, como ocorrido no primeiro experimento. As plantas que receberam liberação de ovos apresentaram redução significativa no número médio de tripes aos quatro dias após a liberação. O mesmo ocorreu com as plantas que receberam liberação de larvas. Foi observado no segundo experimento, através da fórmula de Abbott, eficiência de redução da população de tripes de 71 e 74%, quando foram liberados ovos e larvas, respectivamente. Dessa maneira foi possível verificar que C. externa possui potencial de predação sobre o tripes do amendoim E. flavens
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to verify the potential of predation of E. flavens through the release of fertilized eggs and first instar larvae of C. externa peanut plants grown in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three treatments (plants that did not receive release, plants that received release embryonated eggs and plants that received release of the first larval instar) and 15 repetitions in the first experiment and 20 in the second. Samplings were made before the release and with 4, 9 and 15 days. In the first experiment and for the different samples, plants that were not release the average number of thrips did not vary significantly. The plants that received the release of eggs and larvae showed significant increase in the average number of thrips to four days. At nine days the average number of thrips decreased significantly in plants that received release of eggs and 15 days in plants that received release of larvae. In the second experiment and for the different samples, the average number of thrips on plants that did not receive release did not vary significantly, as occurred in the first experiment. The plants that received the release of eggs showed a significant reduction in the average number of thrips to four days after release. The same occurred with the plants that received release of larvae. Was observed in the second experiment, using the formula of Abbott, efficiency of reducing the population of thrips on 71 and 74%, when they were released eggs and larvae, respectively. Thus we observed that C. has the potential external predation on thrips in peanut E. flavens
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Picoli, Pedro Renan Ferreira. "Aceria litchii (Keifer) em lichia : ocorrência sazonal, danos provocados e identificação de possíveis agentes de controle biológico /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98820.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Marineide Rosa Vieira
Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres
Resumo: A lichia é uma fruta de grande valor econômico. A cultura da lichia pode ser muito danificada pela infestação do ácaro Aceria litchii (Keifer), sua principal praga. Pouco se conhece sobre os padrões de ocorrência e de diversidade de comunidades de ácaros associados a essa cultura no Brasil, sendo que esse conhecimento é básico e imprescindível na elaboração de propostas de manejo dessa praga. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos acompanhar a ocorrência de A. litchii em plantas de lichia no município de Casa Branca, estado de São Paulo, caracterizar os sintomas de danos decorrentes do seu desenvolvimento e identificar possíveis agentes de controle biológico dessa praga. A ocorrência de A. litchii e os danos provocados foram acompanhados em quatro árvores adultas, de 12 anos de idade, da variedade Bengal. Para isso, mensalmente, de cada planta, foram coletadas quatro extremidades de ramo com aproximadamente 0,5 m de comprimento, no período de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. Os ácaros predadores foram avaliados em dois ramos de 0,30 m de comprimento. As variáveis consideradas para A. litchii foram: porcentagem de folhas atacadas, número de galhas nas folhas, número de ácaros em galhas presentes em folhas e gemas. Os predadores foram montados em lâmina de microscopia, identificados e contados. Nas galhas foram observadas formas brancas e vermelhas, ambas identificadas como A. litchii. A maior quantidade das duas formas foi registrada em outubro de 2008, com o número de formas vermelhas superando o de brancas. Ambas foram registradas em maior quantidade em folhas novas. Formas brancas em folhas novas apresentaram correlação negativa com o aumento da temperatura e da evapotranspiração. A infestação de A. litchii resultou em intensa erinose. Inicialmente surgiram eríneos claros na página inferior das folhas novas, que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The lychee is a fruit of great economic value. The culture of litchi can be very damaged by the infestation of the Aceria litchii (Keifer) mite, their main pest. Little is known about the patterns of occurrence and diversity of communities of mites associated with this crop in Brazil, and this knowledge is basic and essential in preparing proposals for the management of this pest. The work objectives were study the occurrence of A. litchii on litchi plants in the municipality of Casa Branca, state of Sao Paulo, to characterize the symptoms of damage resulting from its development and identify possible biological control agents of this pest. The occurrence of A. litchii and the damage caused were observed in four adult 12-year-old trees of the Bengal variety. For this four branch extremities, approximately 0.5 m long, were collected every month from each plant from August 2008 to August 2009. The predators mites were evaluate on two branches, 0.3 m long. The variables considered for A. litchii were: percentage of attacked leaves, number of galls on the leaves, number of mites present in galls on leaves and buds. Predators were mounted on microscope slide, identified and counted. In the galls were observed red and white forms, both identified as A. litchii. The greatest amount of both forms was recorded in October 2008, with the number of the red forms overcoming of the white forms. Both were recorded in larger amounts in young leaves. White forms in young leaves were negatively correlated with increasing temperature and evapotranspiration. The infestation of A. litchii resulted in intense erinose. Initially erineos were clear on the underside of young leaves, and were gradually darkening and taking the leaf surface. Galls with erineos clear were positively correlated with the number of white forms in young leaves, indicating that these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Holdschip, Rodrigo. "A influência dos sistemas de gerenciamento de cores em provas digitais /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89740.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumo: Na indústria gráfica, sempre se buscou o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de sistemas de provas com o objetivo de simular as características visuais do impresso final podendo assim prever os resultados. Atualmente, avanços tecnológicos em imagens digitais têm modificado a infra-estrutura da indústria gráfica. Demorados sistemas de provas analógicos tem sido substituído por provas digitais. O surgimento de uma infinidade de diferentes dispositivos como scanners, câmeras digitais, impressoras, aliados a uma variedade de processos de produção, substratos, tintas e a adoção de diferentes especificações, tornam a reprodução exata das cores um tanto quanto difícil. Para solucionar este problema sistemas de gerenciamento das cores baseados em perfis de cor ICC (Consórcio Internacional da Cor) tem se tornado o maior aliado. É neste contexto que esta pesquisa pretende avaliar a influência dos sistemas de gerenciamento de cores em impressoras a jato de tinta na obtenção de cores impressas com valores CIELAB próximos aos descritos pelo perfil de cor ISOcoated_v2_eci utilizado como referência, objetivando sua utilização como prova digital de cor com o intuito de simular as características visuais deste padrão, possibilitando uma verificação das cores do trabalho antes de sua impressão. Problemas de insatisfação com relação às cores entre clientes, agências e gráficas também passam a ser minimizados
Abstract: The influence of the systems of color management in digital proofs. In the graphical industry, always one searched the development and improvement of systems of proofs with the objective to simulate the visual characteristics of the final printed matter thus being able to foresee the results. Currently, technological advances in digital images have modified the infrastructure of the graphical industry. Delayed analogical systems of proofs he been substituted for digital proofs. The sproutng of a infinity of different devices as scanners, digital, printer cameras, allies to a variety of production processes, substrata, inks and the adoption of different specifications, becomes the accurate reproduction of colors on how much in such a way difficult. To solve this problem systems of color management based on profiles of color ICC (International Color Consortium) if it has become the greater ally. It is in this context that this research intends to evaluate the influence of the systems of management of colors in printers the spurt of ink in the attainment of colors printed with values CIELAB next to the described ones for the profile to color used ISOcoated_v2_eci as reference, objectifying its use as digital test of color with intention to simulate the characteristics appearances of this standard, making possible a verification of the colors of the work before its impression. Problems of insatisfation with relation to the colors between custormers, agencies and graphical also pass to be minimezed
Orientador: João Fernando Marar
Coorientador: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes
Banca: Jairo José Drummond Câmara
Banca: Luiz Antonio Vasques Hellmeister
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mavritsaki, Eirini. "Motoneural control of the nictitating membrane response in classical conditioning : a modelling and EMG study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420705.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Tavares, Fernando Martins 1979. "Avaliação de nematóides entomopatogênicos no controle de Bradysia Mabiusi (Diptera: Sciaridae) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105442.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antonio Batista Filho
Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Banca: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
Banca: Laerte Antonio Machado
Banca: Inajá Marchizeli Wenzel
Resumo: Nematóides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) dos gêneros Heterorhabditis e Steinernema vem sendo utilizados para o controle de mosca-dos-fungos em diversos países. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes isolados de NEPs, contra larvas de Bradysia mabiusi, em condições de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Nos testes de seleção de isolados, o nematóide Heterorhabditis indica apresentou melhor desempenho comparado a todos os demais isolados, proporcionando mortalidade do inseto de até 98%. Para o estudo em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se o efeito dos nematóides entomopatogênicos Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, nas dosagens de 10, 50 e 100 JI/cm2, em cultivo protegido de Chrysanthemum sp. Foram realizados 3 experimentos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos somente no terceiro teste, entretanto, nos três testes os nematóides demonstraram uma tendência de redução na população do inseto, em função do aumento das dosagens, o que sugere o efeito dos agentes no controle do inseto. Da mesma forma, em todos os testes, o nematóide H. indica apresentou maior redução na população da mosca-dos-fungos que o S. feltiae, confirmando sua maior eficiência com níveis de controle variando de 6 a 67,5% no primeiro ensaio, de 17 a 77,5% no segundo, e de 62,5 a 78,5% no terceiro. Os resultados revelam que H. indica apresenta potencial de uso para o controle da mosca-dos-fungos.
Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genus Heterorhabditis and Steinernema have been use against the fungus gnat in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate different strains of EPNs against larvae of Bradysia mabiusi, in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. At the screening of EPNs, the nematode H. indica showed better performance compared to the other nematodes, providing up to 98% mortality of the insect. To the study in greenhouse, evaluated the effects of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica e Steinernema feltiae, at dosage of 10, 50 and 100 IJ/cm2 in commercial growth of Chrysanthemum sp., in greenhouse conditions. Three experiments were accomplished. There were significative difference among the treatments only for the third experiment, mean while, in the three tests, the nematodes showed a tendency of reduction on the insect population according to the dosage increase, which suggest the effect of the agents on the insect control. In addition, in all the tests, the nematode H. indica showed higher reduction on the insect population compared to the S. feltiae, confirming its higher efficiency with control levels ranging from 6 to 67,5% in the first test, from 17 to 77,5% in the second, and from 62,5 to 78,5% in the third. The data show that H. indica has potential use for the controlling of the fungus gnat.
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Carman, Sarah. "Parenting and effortful control : an EEG study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1406504/.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between early quality of care and the development of effortful control. Part 1 is a meta-analytic investigation into the relationship between observed maternal parenting and child effortful control. The paper investigates an estimate of overall effect size, the effect of publication bias and key methodological and demographic moderators of the relationship. Part 2, the empirical paper, reports a 5 year longitudinal study into the relationship between early quality of care and later effortful control. Maternal Behaviour and Dyadic Interaction were assessed at age ten months using the Coding Interactive Behaviour scales (CIB; Feldman, 1998). Effortful control was assessed at age six years using the executive attention component of the Attention Network Task (Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz and Posner, 2002). This was an EEG study which included investigation into the LPC and N2 neural indices of effortful control and their relationship to early quality of care. Parent-reported effortful control was assessed using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ), Executive Function with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and behaviour with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Part 3 provides a critical appraisal of the research process. It considers conceptual and methodological issues and the clinical utility of the research findings. This thesis was conducted jointly with Sophie Bennett.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Katz, Ieoschua. "Fungigação por irrigação localizada e pulverização convencional, para controle do mofo cinzento (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) em plantas de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93824.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa
Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz
Banca: Maria Alice de Lourdes B. Sousa
Resumo: A planta de lisianthus pertence a família Gentianaceae, apresentando cerca de 70 gêneros com 550 espécies, sendo que no Brasil encontram-se 25 destes gêneros. De alto valor comercial, o lisianthus no Brasil é caracterizado por apresentar sua produção voltada para as exigências de um mercado com tendências às plantas para corte e plantas em vaso. Tem no Estado de São Paulo o seu maior número de produtores bem como seu maior mercado consumidor. Este concentra-se basicamente nos municípios próximos a capital paulista respondendo por mais de 40% da produção nacional. Segundo Silva (1998), o setor mantém uma taxa de crescimento de 20% ao ano respondendo por aproximadamente 4.500 empregos diretos e indiretos conjuntamente. Neste cenário, o mofo cinzento causado por Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr., com sintomas de podridão escura de folhas e flores das plantas de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) , afetam em larga escala ao mercado produtor. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de combate às doenças assim como, o uso de defensivos hidrossolúveis via água de irrigação, também conhecida como fungigação, é um procedimento moderno, datando da segunda metade dos anos 80 e conta com vantagens como redução de mão de obra, segurança da uniformidade de aplicação e pouco contato do operador com produtos tóxicos, o que naturalmente reflete na redução dos custos de produção. Nesta temática, a avaliação comparativa entre dois métodos de controle de doença objetivando otimização do processo produtivo desta cultura, envolvendo a natural redução dos custos, ocupa lugar de destaque na concepção de procedimentos de vanguarda como a aplicação de defensivos agrícolas via sistemas de irrigação localizada. Utilizaram-se os defensivos agrícolas cujos princípios ativos são thiofanato metílico, thiofanato metílico + chlorothalonil e iprodione... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The lisianthus plant belongs to the Gentianaceae family, presenting about 70 genres with 550 species, and 25 of these genres Brazil. Of high commercial value, the lisianthus in Brazil is characterized by presenting its production seeking for the demands of a market with tendencies to the cut plants and potted plants. It has in the São Paulo State its largest number of producers as well as its largest consuming market. It is concentrated basically on the municipal districts close to São Paulo answering for more than 40% of the national production. According to Silva (1998), the section maintains a growth tax of 20% a year answering for approximately 4.500 direct and indirect jobs. In this scenery, the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. :Fr., with symptoms of dark rottenness of leaves and flowers of the lisianthus plants (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.), largely affect the producing market. The development of new diseases control techniques as well as the use of soluble defensives through irrigation water, also known as chemigation, are modern procedures, dating from the second half of the eighties and provide advantages as labor reduction, application uniformity and little contact of the operator with poisonous products, what naturally contemplates in the reduction of the production costs. In this subject, the comparative evaluation among two disease control methods aiming at optimizing the productive process of this crop, involving the natural cost reduction, occupying prominence place in the conception of vanguard procedures as the application of agricultural defensive through trickle irrigation systems. The agricultural defensive whose active are thiophanate methyl, thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil and iprodione were used, being evaluated the number of lesions, the number of floral buttons and the height reached by the plants that suffered inoculation of the mushroom... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle EMG'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles