Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle de type champ moyen'
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Shardul, Charu. "Contrôle stochastique de type champ moyen en horizon infini et approximation numérique des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades en horizon infini." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0086.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we study a mean-field stochastic control problem in infinite horizon where the cost functional has dependence on the law of the state process. We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality which requires L-differentiability and L-convexity in the measure space for the running cost function. Then, we start with an application in portfolio optimization of this mean-field control problem in the infinite horizon. The goal is to outperform a static allocation of stocks and a risk-free asset by using dynamic allocation, using the trading speed of the assets as the control with a downside risk minimization criterion of mean-field type. We prove the conditions of optimality for the control problem and establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the corresponding system of coupled McKean-Vlasov forward-backward stochastic differential equations. We also develop a numerical scheme based on neural networks for solving a time-truncated version of the problem and provide exponential bounds for the truncation error. Numerical experiments suggest that increasing the multiplier of the mean-field term successfully skewed the wealth distribution towards right, increasing the probability of higher relative wealth.In a second part, we study numerical approximation of backward stochastic differential equations in infinite horizon. We develop three numerical schemes: The first scheme is based on a Picard procedure and uses grid approximation for the space; the second one is also based on a Picard procedure and uses neural networks; the third scheme does not rely on a Picard procedure and uses neural networks like the second one. We also provide a detailed study of the numerical error for the first scheme and prove tight bounds on the approximation error, requiring additional assumptions for contraction. For the second scheme, we proved the convergence of the approximation error to zero as the size of the neural network increases. Numerical experiments also suggest that the third scheme performs better than the first two schemes when the contraction is not fulfilled
Mezerdi, Mohamed Amine. "Equations différentielles stochastiques de type McKean-Vlasov et leur contrôle optimal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0014.
Full textWe consider Mc Kean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are SDEs where the drift and diffusion coefficients depend not only on the state of the unknown process but also on its probability distribution. These SDEs called also mean- field SDEs were first studied in statistical physics and represent in some sense the average behavior of an infinite number of particles. Recently there has been a renewed interest for this kind of equations in the context of mean-field game theory. Since the pioneering papers by P.L. Lions and J.M. Lasry, mean-field games and mean-field control theory has raised a lot of interest, motivated by applications to various fields such as game theory, mathematical finance, communications networks and management of oil resources. In this thesis, we studied questions of stability with respect to initial data, coefficients and driving processes of Mc Kean-Vlasov equations. Generic properties for this type of SDEs, such as existence and uniqueness, stability with respect to parameters, have been investigated. In control theory, our attention were focused on existence, approximation of relaxed controls for controlled Mc Kean-Vlasov SDEs
Vasileiadis, Athanasios. "Apprentissage par renforcement à champ moyen : une perspective de contrôle optimal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5005.
Full textThe goal of the PhD will be to implement a similar mean field approach to handle MARL. This idea was investigated, at least for individual agents, in several recent papers. In all of them, not only Mean field approach to MARL (Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning) does the mean field approach allow for a significant decrease of complexity, but it also provides distributed (or decentralized) solutions, which are of a very convenient use in practice. Numerical implementation using either on-or off-policy learning is discussed in the literature. The first part of the thesis will consist in revisiting the former works from a mathematical point of view. In particular, this will ask for a careful stability analysis addressing both the passage from a finite to an infinite system of agents and the use of approximated (instead of exact) policies. We may expect monotonicity to play a key role in the overall analysis; another, but more prospective, direction is to discuss the influence of a stochastic environment onto the behavior of the algorithms themselves. Another part of the thesis will be dedicated to the cooperative case the analysis of which will rely upon mean field control theory. Potential structures may allow to make the connection between individual and cooperative cases. The connection between the two may indeed play an important role for incentive design or, equivalently, for mimicking a cooperative system with individual agents. In this regard, connection with distributional reinforcement learning, may be an interesting question as well
Hadikhanloo, Saeed. "Apprentissage dans les jeux à champ moyen." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED001/document.
Full textMean Field Games (MFG) are a class of differential games in which each agent is infinitesimal and interacts with a huge population of other agents. In this thesis, we raise the question of the actual formation of the MFG equilibrium. Indeed, the game being quite involved, it is unrealistic to assume that the agents can compute the equilibrium configuration. This seems to indicate that, if the equilibrium configuration arises, it is because the agents have learned how to play the game. Hence the main question is to find learning procedures in mean field games and investigating if they converge to an equilibrium. We have inspired from the learning schemes in static games and tried to apply them to our dynamical model of MFG. We especially focus on fictitious play and online mirror descent applications on different types of mean field games; those are either Potential, Monotone or Discrete
Peyrard, Nathalie. "Approximations de type champ moyen des modèles de champ de Markov pour la segmentation de données spatiales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10179.
Full textHu, Kaitong. "Jeux différentiels stochastiques non-Markoviens etdynamiques de Langevin à champ-moyen." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX005.
Full textTwo independent subjects are studied in this thesis, the first of which consists of two distinct problems.In the first part, we begin with the Principal-Agent problem in degenerate systems, which appear naturally in partially observed random environment in which the Agent and the Principal can only observe one part of the system. Our approach is based on the stochastic maximum principle, the goal of which is to extend the existing results using dynamic programming principle to the degenerate case. We first solve the Principal's problem in an enlarged set of contracts given by the first order condition of the Agent's problem in form of a path-dependent forward-backward stochastic differential equation (abbreviated FBSDE). Afterward, we use the sufficient condition of the Agent's problem to verify that the previously obtained optimal contract is indeed implementable. Meanwhile, a parallel study is devoted to the wellposedness of path-dependent FBSDEs in the chapter IV. We generalize the decoupling field method to the case where the coefficients of the equations can depend on the whole path of the forward process and show the stability property of this type of FBSDEs. Finally, we study the Principal-Agent problem with multiple Principals. The Agent can only work for one Principal at a time and therefore needs to solve an optimal switching problem. By using randomization, we show that the value function of the Agent's problem and his optimal control are given by an Itô process. This representation allows us to solve the Principal's problem in the mean-field case when there is an infinite number of Principals. We justify the mean-field formulation using an argument of backward propagation of chaos.The second part of the thesis consists of chapter V and VI. The motivation of this work is to give a rigorous theoretical underpinning for the convergence of gradient-descent type of algorithms frequently used in non-convex optimization problems like calibrating a deep neural network.For one-layer neural networks, the key insight is to convexify the problem by lifting it to the measure space. We show that the corresponding energy function has a unique minimiser which can be characterized by some first order condition using derivatives in measure space. We present a probabilistic analysis of the long-time behavior of the mean-field Langevin dynamics, which have a gradient flow structure in 2-Wasserstein metric. By using a generalization of LaSalle's invariance principle, we show that the flow of marginal laws induced by the mean-field Langevin dynamics converges to the stationary distribution, which is exactly the minimiser of the energy function.As for deep neural networks, we model them as some continuous-time optimal control problems. Firstly, we find the first order condition by using Pontryagin maximum principle, which later helps us find the associated mean-field Langevin system, the invariant measure of which is again the minimiser of the optimal control problem. As last, by using the reflection coupling, we show that the marginal distribution of the mean-field Langevin system converges to the unique invariant measure exponentially
Dao, Manh-Khang. "Équation de Hamilton-Jacobi et jeux à champ moyen sur les réseaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S042/document.
Full textThe dissertation focuses on the study of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associated with optimal control problems and mean field games problems in the case when the state space is a network. Different dynamics and running costs are allowed in each edge of the network. In the first part of this thesis, we consider an optimal control on networks in the spirit of the works of Achdou, Camilli, Cutrì & Tchou (2013) and Imbert, Monneau & Zidani (2013). The main new feature is that there are entry (or exit) costs at the edges of the network leading to a possible discontinuous value function. The value function is characterized as the unique viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation for which an adequate junction condition is established. The uniqueness is a consequence of a comparison principle for which we give two different proofs. One uses some arguments from the theory of optimal control and is inspired by Achdou, Oudet & Tchou (2015). The other one is based on partial differential equations techniques and is inspired by a recent work of Lions & Souganidis (2017). The second part is about stochastic mean field games for which the state space is a network. In the ergodic case, they are described by a system coupling a Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman equation and a Fokker-Planck equation, whose unknowns are the density m of the invariant measure which represents the distribution of the players, the value function v which comes from an "average" optimal control problem and the ergodic constant ρ. The function v is continuous and satisfies general Kirchhoff conditions at the vertices. The density m satisfies dual transmission conditions. In particular, due to the generality of Kirchhoff’s conditions, m is in general discontinuous at the vertices. Existence and uniqueness are proven for subquadratic Hamiltonian and very general assumptions about the coupling term. Finally, in the last part, we study non-stationary stochastic mean field games on networks. The transition conditions for value function v and the density m are similar to the ones given in second part. Here again, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution for sublinear Hamiltonian and bounded non-local regularizing coupling term. The main additional difficulty compared to the stationary case, which imposes us more restrictive hypotheses, is to establish the regularity of the solutions of the system placed on a network. Our approach is to study the solution of the derived Hamilton-Jacobi equation to gain regularity over the initial equation
Thai, Anh-Thi Marie Noémie. "Processus de Fleming-Viot, distributions quasi-stationnaires et marches aléatoires en interaction de type champ moyen." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1124/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the asymptotic behavior of particle systems in mean field type interaction in discrete space, where the system acts over one fixed particle through the empirical measure of the system. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in Fleming-Viot particle systems: the particles move independently of each other until one of them reaches an absorbing state. At this time, the absorbed particle jumps instantly to the position of one of the other particles, chosen uniformly at random. The ergodicity of the process is established in the case of random walks on N with a dirft towards the origin and on complete graph dynamics. For the latter, we obtain a quantitative estimate of the convergence described by the Wasserstein curvature. Moreover, under the invariant measure, we show the convergence of the empirical measure towards the unique quasi-stationary distribution as the size of the system tends to infinity. In the second part of this thesis, we study the behavior in large time and when the number of particles is large of a system of birth and death processes where at each time a particle interacts with the others through the mean of theirs positions. We establish the existence of a macroscopic limit, solution of a non linear equation and the propagation of chaos phenomenon with quantitative and uniform in time estimate
Bannier, Amaury. "Contrôle de la traînée de frottement d'une couche limite turbulente au moyen de revêtements rainurés de type riblets." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066286/document.
Full textEconomical constrains and environmental requirements lead the transportation industry to progress towards energy expenditure reduction. Efforts are especially focused on the skin-friction drag. Friction drag, while due to viscosity, is greatly amplified by turbulent motions. The ability to manipulate the complex and chaotic near-wall turbulent fluctuations thus offers prospects for substantial energy saving, but also requires a solid understanding of the physical phenomena.Among the most promising control strategies, the present manuscript focuses on riblet-covered surfaces. Even though their drag-reducing capability has been observed from decades, the mechanisms by which they interact with the near-wall turbulent motions still need to be clarified. Towards these ends, a numerical method for ensuring their proper simulation is developed. The virtual origin—interpreted as the equivalent flat wall location—is redefined, which highlights a strong similarity between the controlled and the canonical flows. As a practical interest, this similarity enables an improved evaluation of the drag reduction capabilities achievable at high Reynolds numbers.Additionally, the promising potential for three-dimensional riblets is examined. Based on the scattered precursory results of the literature, we intend to come up with a design which demonstrates optimal drag reduction capabilities under the constraint of industrial feasibility. For each of the prospected innovative designs, the numerical simulations accurately reveal that the potential profit on skin-friction is consistently exceeded by the harmful influence of pressure stresses
Tran, V. N. H. "Restauration de la symétrie de parité intrinsèque dans les noyaux atomiques à partir d'approches de type champ moyen plus corrélations." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525318.
Full textTran, Viet Nhan Hao. "Restauration de la symétrie de parité intrinsèque dans les noyaux atomiques à partir d'approches de type champ moyen plus corrélations." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14016/document.
Full textThis thesis has been concerned with the restoration of the left-right symmetry broken in some instances. This has been achieved in the framework of the Higher Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (HTDA) proposed by the Bordeaux group to treat correlations in an explicitly particle-number conserving microscopic approach. The parity-projected calculations performed within a PAV (projection after variation) method using a generalized Wick's theorem due to Löwdin has appeared to be a very well-suited frame. It has been implemented within a simple model approach. This has been proposed to clear out some difficulties appearing when one uses an Energy Density Functional approach with an energy density functional issued from an underlying Skyrme interaction. As a result we obtain a fairly good global agreement of our results with previous ones issuing from an HFB approach or its HF+BCS limit, for some heavy nuclei exhibiting a stable octupole deformation or at least a remarkable smoothness for this collective mode. As another result, we have shown that the projection on a positive parity solution is able to reduce the second fission barrier height by about 1 MeV
Franci, Alessio. "Pathological synchronization in neuronal populations : a control theoretic perspective." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695029.
Full textSyll, Ousmane. "Rôle des diagnostics optiques en temps réel dans le contrôle d'une colonne d'extraction liquide-liquide type pulsée - comparaison expérience / modèle." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004981.
Full textBlanchet, Juliette. "Modèles Markoviens et extensions pour la classification de données complexes." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10148.
Full textWe address the issue of clustering individuals from « complex » observations in the sense that they do not verify sorne of the classically adopted simplifying assumptions. Ln this work, the individuals to be clustered are assumed to be dependant upon one another. Three clustering problems are considered. The first of these relates to high-dimensional data clustering. For such a problem, we adopt a non-diagonal Gaussian Markovian model which is based upon the fact that most high-dimensional data actually lives in class dependent subspaces of lower dimension. Such a model only requires the estimation of a reasonable number of parameters. The second point attempts go beyond the simplifying assumption of unimodal, and in particular Gaussian, independent noise. We consider for this the recent triplet Markov field model and propose a new family of triplet Markov field models adapted to the framework of a supervised classification. We iIIustrate the fIexibiiity and performances of our models, applied through real texture image recognition. Finally, we tackle the problem of clustering with incomplete observations, i. E. For which sorne values are missing. For this we develop a Markovian method which does not require preliminary imputation of the missing data. We present an application of this methodology on a real gene cIustering issue
Blanchet, Juliette. "Modèles markoviens et extensions pour la classification de données complexes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195271.
Full textLe premier concerne la classification de données lorsque celles-ci sont de grande dimension. Pour un tel problème, nous adoptons un modèle markovien gaussien non diagonal tirant partie du fait que la plupart des observations de grande dimension vivent en réalité dans des sous-espaces propres à chacune des classes et dont les dimensions intrinsèques sont faibles. De ce fait, le nombre de paramètres libres du modèle reste raisonnable.
Le deuxième point abordé s'attache à relâcher l'hypothèse simplificatrice de bruit indépendant unimodal, et en particulier gaussien. Nous considérons pour cela le modèle récent de champ de Markov triplet et proposons une nouvelle famille de Markov triplet adaptée au cadre d'une classification supervisée. Nous illustrons la flexibilité et les performances de nos modèles sur une application à la reconnaissance d'images réelles de textures.
Enfin, nous nous intéressons au problème de la classification d'observations dites incomplètes, c'est-à-dire pour lesquelles certaines valeurs sont manquantes. Nous développons pour cela une méthode markovienne ne nécessitant pas le remplacement préalable des observations manquantes. Nous présentons une application de cette méthodologie à un problème réel de classification de gènes.
Mériaux, François. "Théorie des jeux et apprentissage pour les réseaux sans fil distribués." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952069.
Full textLachapelle, Aimé. "Quelques problèmes de transport et de contrôle en économie : aspects théoriques et numériques." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA090031.
Full textIn this thesis we explore some uses of optimal control and mass transport in economic modeling. We thus catch the opportunity to bring together some works involving both tools, sometimes mixing them. First, we briefly present the recent mean field games theory introduced by Lasry & Lions and focus on the optimal control of Fokker-Planck setting. We take advantage of this aspect in order to obtain both existence results and numerical methods to approximate solutions. We test the algorithms on two complementary settings, namely the convex setting (crowd aversion, two populations dynamics) and the concave one (attraction, externalities and scale effect for a stylized technology switch model). Secondly, we study matching problems com- bining optimal transport and optimal control. The planner looks for an optimal coupling, fixed during the considered time period (commitment), knowing that the marginals evolve (possibly randomly) and that she can control the evolution. Finally we reformulate a risk-sharing problem between d agents (for whose we prove an existence result) into an optimal control problem with comonotonic constraints. This enables us to write optimality conditions that we use to build a simple convergent algorithm
Lachapelle, Aimé. "Quelques problèmes de transport et de contrôle en économie : aspects théoriques et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512404.
Full textNabolsi, Hawraa. "Contrôle optimal des équations d'évolution et ses applications." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0027/document.
Full textThis thesis begins with a rigorous mathematical analysis of the radiative heating of a semi-transparent body made of glass, by a black radiative source surrounding it. This requires the study of the coupling between quasi-steady radiative transfer boundary value problems with nonhomogeneous reflectivity boundary conditions (one for each wavelength band in the semi-transparent electromagnetic spectrum of the glass) and a nonlinear heat conduction evolution equation with a nonlinear Robin boundary condition which takes into account those wavelengths for which the glass behaves like an opaque body. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution, and give also uniform bounds on the solution i.e. on the absolute temperature distribution inside the body and on the radiative intensities. Now, we consider the temperature $T_{S}$ of the black radiative source S surrounding the semi-transparent body $\Omega$ as the control variable. We adjust the absolute temperature distribution (x, t) 7! T(x, t) inside the semi-transparent body near a desired temperature distribution Td(·, ·) during the time interval of radiative heating ]0, tf [ by acting on $T_{S}$. In this respect, we introduce the appropriate cost functional and the set of admissible controls $T_{S}$, for which we prove the existence of optimal controls. Introducing the State Space and the State Equation, a first order necessary condition for a control $T_{S}$ : t 7! $T_{S}$ (t) to be optimal is then derived in the form of a Variational Inequality by using the Implicit Function Theorem and the adjoint problem. We come now to the goal problem which is the deformation of the semi-transparent body $\Omega$ by heating it with a black radiative source surrounding it. We introduce a weak mixed formulation of this thermoviscoelasticity problem and study the existence and uniqueness of its solution, the novelty here with respect to the work of M.E. Rognes et R. Winther (M3AS, 2010) being the apparition of the viscosity in some of the coefficients of the constitutive equation, viscosity which depends on the absolute temperature T(x, t) and thus in particular on the time t. Finally, we state in this setting the related optimal control problem of the deformation of the semi-transparent body $\Omega$, by acting on the absolute temperature of the black radiative source surrounding it. We prove the existence of an optimal control and we compute the Fréchet derivative of the associated reduced cost functional
Vavasseur, Arthur. "Modèles cinétiques de particules en interaction avec leur environnement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4086/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to study a generalisation of a model describing the interaction between a single particle and its environment. We consider an infinite number of particles represented by their distribution function. The environment is modelled by a vibrating scalar field which exchanges energy with the particles. In the single particle case, after a large time, the particle behaves as if it were subjected to a linear friction force driven by the environment. The equations that we obtain for a large number of particles are close to the Vlasov equation. In the first chapter, we prove that our new system has a unique solution. We then care about some asymptotic issues; if the wave velocity in the medium goes to infinity, adapting the scaling of the interaction, we connect our system with the Vlasov equation. Changing also continuously a function that parametrizes the model, we also connect our model with the attractive Vlasov-Poisson equation. In the second chapter, we add a diffusive term in our equation. It means that we consider that the particles are subjected to a friction force and a Brownian motion. Our main result states that the distribution function converges to the unique equilibrium distribution of the system. We also establish the diffusive limit making the wave velocity go to infinity at the same time. We find a simpler equation satisfied by the spatial density. In chapter 3, we prove the validity of both equations studied in the two first chapters by a mean field limit. The last chapter is devoted to studying the large time asymptotic properties of the equation that we obtained on the spatial density in chapter 2. We prove some weak convergence results
Laguzet, Laetitia. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique des comportements sociaux en milieu incertain. Application à l'épidémiologie." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090058/document.
Full textThis thesis propose a mathematical analysis of the vaccination strategies.The first part introduces the mathematical framework, in particular the Susceptible – Infected – Recovered compartmental model.The second part introduces the optimal control tools used to find an optimal vaccination strategy from the societal point of view, which is a minimizer of the societal cost. We show that the associated value function can have a less regularity than what was assumed in the literature. These results are then applied to the vaccination against the whooping cough.The third part defines a model where the cost is defined at the level of the individual. We rephrase this problem as a Nash equilibrium and compare this results with the societal strategy. An application to the Influenza A(H1N1) 2009-10 indicates the presence of inhomogeneous perceptions concerning the vaccination risks.The fourth and last part proposes a direct numerical implementation of the different strategies
Salhi, Rym. "Contributions to quadratic backward stochastic differential equations with jumps and applications." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on backward stochastic differential equation with jumps and their applications. In the first chapter, we study a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE for short) driven jointly by a Brownian motion and an integer valued random measure that may have infinite activity with compensator being possibly time inhomogeneous. In particular, we are concerned with the case where the driver has quadratic growth and unbounded terminal condition. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proven by combining a monotone approximation technics and a forward approach. Chapter 2 is devoted to the well-posedness of generalized doubly reflected BSDEs (GDRBSDE for short) with jumps under weaker assumptions on the data. In particular, we study the existence of a solution for a one-dimensional GDRBSDE with jumps when the terminal condition is only measurable with respect to the related filtration and when the coefficient has general stochastic quadratic growth. We also show, in a suitable framework, the connection between our class of backward stochastic differential equations and risk sensitive zero-sum game. In chapter 3, we investigate a general class of fully coupled mean field forward-backward under weak monotonicity conditions without assuming any non-degeneracy assumption on the forward equation. We derive existence and uniqueness results under two different sets of conditions based on proximation schema weither on the forward or the backward equation. Later, we give an application for storage in smart grids
Combe, Quentin. "Éjection électromagnétique : modèle et réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0107.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the subject of electromagnetic ejection applied in the context of the metal recycling industry. The aim of this thesis is the modeling and the development of an architecture of energy conversion allowing the realization of this ejection. The generated variable magnetic field is used to separate non-ferromagnetic metallic materials such as aluminum or copper from a waste stream by means of a Laplace force generated by the conjunction between the magnetic field created and the magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the conductive materials.The developed architecture is composed of several elements: a rectifier, an inverter and an inductor. The rectifier part with a wide operating range connected to the three-phase grid network allows to obtain an adjustable DC voltage and ensures a sinusoidal current in phase with the voltage. The inverter part allows to control the transferred power, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the current flowing through the last part of the system represented by the inductor, responsible for the generation of the variable magnetic field.The rectifier is based on the classical Buck rectifier structure because of the low impedance of the inductor used. Although this structure allows to lower the three-phase grid voltage, its operating range can be easily increased without the addition of passive components. The classical control of this rectifier is based only on its output variables which can lead to uncontrolled oscillations caused by the resonance of the lightly damped input LC filter excited by the harmonics generated by the switching of transistors. In this thesis, we proposed a new control method that deals with both its input and output variables and that allows both to control the oscillations of the input LC filter while obtaining a better dynamic response when the system is subjected to a load step. This control method is based on the flatness properties of differential systems, so it does not depend on the operating point and guarantees the large signal stability of the system.The single-phase inverter is based on a full bridge structure allowing the application of three voltage levels and a wide choice of control of the amplitude, shape and frequency of the current flowing through the inductor. Different controls of this converter have been studied and compared. These allow to vary the power injected in the inductor, have an impact on the harmonic content of the current flowing through it and on the constraints of the different components of the system.A modeling of the inductor as well as an estimation of the value of the magnetic field necessary for the ejection is carried out. The different methods proposed are verified by numerical simulations but also by experimental tests performed on the whole system
Pace, Michele. "Stochastic models and methods for multi-object tracking." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651396.
Full textVignes, Matthieu. "Modèles markoviens graphiques pour la fusion de données individuelles et d'interactions : application à la classification de gènes." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178348.
Full textNous basons notre approche sur des modèles probabilistes graphiques. Plus spécifiquement, nous utilisons l'outil de champs de Markov cachés qui permet la prise en compte simultanée de données propres à chacun des gènes grâce a des distributions de probabilités et de données traduisant un réseau d'interaction au sein de l'organisme à l'aide d'un graphe non-orienté entre les gènes.
Apres avoir présenté la problématique et le contexte biologique, nous décrivons le modèle utilisé ainsi que les stratégies algorithmiques d'estimation des paramètres (i.e. approximations de type champ moyen). Puis nous nous intéresserons à deux particularités des données auxquelles nous avons été confrontés et qui amènent des développements du modèle utilisé, notamment la prise en compte de l'absence de certaines observations et la haute dimensionnalité de celles-ci. Enfin nous présenterons des expériences sur données simulées ainsi que sur données réelles sur la levure qui évaluent le gain apporté par notre travail. Notamment, nous avons voulu mettre l'accent sur des interprétations biologiques plausibles des résultats obtenus.