Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrôle de la polarisation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Contrôle de la polarisation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rong, Weifeng. "Contrôle de polarisation pour la compensation de la dispersion modale de polarisation dans les transmissions optiques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001724.
Full textLan, Sun Luk Jean-Daniel. "Contrôle de la polarisation dans les antennes imprimées à large bande." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4223.
Full textMaréchal, Xavier-Marie. "Contrôle de la polarisation de l'émission synchrotron générée par des éléments d'insertion magnétiques périodiques." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10204.
Full textROBERT, FRANCK. "Contrôle de l'état de polarisation d'un laser à émission par la surface par l'application d'une contre-réaction optique." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10054.
Full textAbdou, Ahmed Marwan. "Réseaux de diffraction résonnants pour le contrôle de la polarisation des lasers à l'état solide." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4012.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis carries on the development of a new type of polarizing element of the emission of a laser by means of a diffraction grating integrated monolithically to one of the multilayer mirrors of the laser. Two types of laser and polarizing element were studied : - Polarization of the emitted beam of a monolithic microchip Nd : YAG cavity by means of resonant diffraction grating engraved in the last high index layer of the output mirror and, - Generation of a radially polarized beam in a high power Nd : YAG lasers by means of concentric diffraction grating integrated to the rear mirror of the cavity. The different polarizing principles of these mirrors as well as fabrication and characterization methods are described. Demonstrators have been achieved and have been tested in laser cavity
Real, Eliana. "Mécanismes de contrôle de la polarisation et de la motilité des lymphocytes T par les chimiokines." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077212.
Full textChemokines and their receptors compose an important communication System, controlling lymphocyte navigation throughout development, homeostasis, and inflammation. Here we show that immature dendritic cells use this versatile communicational System to deliver tonic signals to T lymphocytes in the absence of antigen. Chemokinetic effects support multiple sequential interactions with dendritic cells, with repetitive contacts ultimately favouring the induction of early lymphocyte activation markers. Adhesive interactions involving the pair ICAM-l/LFA-1 are essential for effective signal flow at these antigen-independent interfaces and provide the physical support for lymphocyte scanning activity. Cellular locomotion is an intrinsically polarized process. Our data demonstrate that an evolutionary conserved polarity complex, consisting of Par6 and atypical PKC zeta, mediates T cell polarization downstream of chemokine receptors. We identified an essential requirement for PKC. Zeta in an early symmetry breaking step that settles the anterior-posterior axis of the cell. Once the polarity axis is established, PKC zeta drives uropod formation by a previously unrecognized pathway that involves functional inactivation of the myosin-binding protein Lgl2. Failure to transduce PKC zeta-dependent signals downstream of chemokine receptors renders the DC scanning process very inefficient. Altogether our findings suggest that effective accumulation of tonic signals in the steady state might critically depend on lymphocyte motor activity, which in turn is regulated by a signalling cascade that relays input from chemokine receptors to PKC zeta and Lg12
Medrel, Pierre. "Amplification de puissance linéaire à haut rendement en technologie GaN intégrant un contrôle de polarisation de grille." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0006/document.
Full textThis work deals with linear and high efficiency microwave power amplification in GaN technology.The first chapter is dedicated to the general context of wireless telecommunication with a special emphasis on the RF power amplifier. The most representative figures of merit in terms of linearity and power efficiency are introduced.The second chapter deals more specifically with the GaN technology and GaN-based transistor for microwave power amplification. A description of the principal architectures found in the literature related to high efficiency and linear amplification is summarized.In the third chapter, the developed envelope time-domain test bench is presented. Time-synchronization and envelope calibration procedures are discussed. As an illustration, a new specific wideband NPR measurement is presented and experimentally validated.An innovative power amplifier architecture is presented in the fourth chapter. It is based on a specific dynamic gate biasing technique of the power amplifier biased close to the pinch-off point. A 10W GaN S-band demonstrator has been developed. Compared to fixed class-B conditions, a linearity improvement has been reported without any prohibitive efficiency degradation of the RF power amplifier. Finally, an investigation of the proposed technique for the efficiency improvement in the drain envelope tracking technique is proposed
Rong, Weifeng. "Contrôle de polarisation pour la compensation de la dispersion modale de polarisation dans les transmissions optiques /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402083237.
Full textParsy, François. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un isolateur optique sur verre : fonctions réciproques et non réciproques de contrôle de la polarisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT106/document.
Full textFor the past forty years, the growth of fiber telecommunications has led to the development of integrated optical components. However, due to technological issues, a device has not yet been realized: the optical isolator, which propagates light in a single direction. Our work fits into this context. It deals with the integration of an isolator using the Na+/Ag+ ion-exchange technology. The configuration we adopted consists of three elements on chip: a polarization splitter and two 45 ° polarization rotators, one is reciprocal and the other is not. The polarization splitter has been realized in the shape of an asymmetrical Y junction. After a theoretical study, we present the fabrication process and experimental results. State-of-the-art diaphonies of (31.1 ± 0.4) dB and (32.7 ± 0.4) dB have been measured in TE and TM mode over a bandwidth larger than 70 nm. The magneto-optical part of the study has been undertaken in collaboration with the Laboratoire Télécom Claude Chappe (LT2C) from Saint Etienne, France. The Faraday rotator is a selectively buried waveguide on which a magneto-optical material has been deposited using a sol-gel process. A non-reciprocal rotation of 50 ° has been measured, hence validating the hybrid approach. A novel fabrication process is presented for a reciprocal mode-evolution polarization rotator. The process consists in the burring of a waveguide under an electric field presenting a transverse inhomogeneity. We finally propose a fabrication method of the complete optical isolator. It is based on the monolithic integration of the three elements
Morin, Philippe. "Nouveaux systèmes de contrôle de la polarisation de la lumière par effets non lineaires dans les fibres optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956783.
Full textJaron, Barbara. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation des réponses Th1/Th17 néonatales : vers l'identification d'adjuvants adaptés à la vaccination pédiatrique ?" Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066051.
Full textNdilimabaka, Hervé Maurice. "Etude de l'oxyde magnétique semi-conducteur Fe2-xTixO3±δ : du contrôle de l'interaction d'échange à la polarisation de spin." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0022.
Full textThis thesis is based upon the study of physical properties, in thin films (70 double-exchange type transition with an easy axis being out of plan and magnetoresistance phenomenon are observed around T~110K
Maguire, Sean Thomas George. "Attitude determination using low frequency radio polarisation measurements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708927.
Full textGatare, Ignace. "Basculement de polarisation, contrôle et synchronisation de lasers à cavité verticale émettant par la surface (VCSELs) soumis à injection optique." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347370.
Full textNous nous intéressons au contrôle du basculement de polarisation ainsi que la compétition des modes transverses d'un VCSEL soumis à injection optique de polarisation orthogonale. Nous montrons expérimentalement et théoriquement la dynamique de basculement de polarisation dans le plan des paramètres d'injection (puissance injectée et désaccord en fréquence entre le laser maître et le VCSEL) implique des dynamiques non linéaires telles le mélange d'ondes, les cycles limites ainsi qu'une route de doublement de période vers le chaos optique. L'analyse des bifurcations sous-jacentes nous a permet de dresser une cartographie de la dynamique de basculement de polarisation du VCSEL.
Dans notre thèse, nous étudions également la synchronisation du chaos de VCSELs dans un schéma de couplage unidirectionnel. Nous montrons que la compétition des modes de polarisation linéaire orthogonaux affecte la qualité de la synchronisation du chaos. Ces résultats sont intéressants dans le cadre du développement récent de liaisons de communication sécurisée par chaos optique.
Franzl, Nathalie. "Expression du récepteur Frizzled7 par les macrophages : rôle dans le contrôle de l’angiogenèse via la régulation de la polarisation macrophagique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0263/document.
Full textMacrophages play a major role in regulating inflammation. They are able to respond quickly to external signals from a pro to anti-inflammatory state (respectively named M1 and M2 macrophages). Some subpopulations of M2 macrophages have angiogenic properties. The Wnt/Frizzled (Fzd) pathway is part of pathways allowing macrophages to respond to their environment. They are composed of 10 Fzd receptors and 19 Wnt ligands. It was established that Wnt3a/Fzd1 and Wnt5a/Fzd5 are involved in the inflammatory response of macrophages. Recently the role of a Wnt/Flt1 pathway has been highlighted in the regulation of angiogenesis, by macrophages, during retinal development. Our aim was to study the role of the Fzd7-induced signaling on macrophages angiogenic properties. We studied pathological angiogenesis by using several mouse models of inflammation (skin irritation, hindlimb ischemia, myocardial infarction). In mice with Fzd7-deleted macrophages, angiogenesis is greater during the inflammatory phase, compared with control mice. By immune-histochemistry and flow cytometry we demonstrated that the increase in the vessels number is associated with a greater M2 macrophages population, without change in the total number of macrophages. These results obtained in several inflammatory contexts in mice suggest that Fzd7 be involved in the control of angiogenesis through regulation of the M1 versus M2 polarization of macrophages
Kaliszczak, Magdalena. "Polarisation chimique de l'interface liquide-liquide vers une cocristallisation contrôlée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0332.
Full textControlled formation of cocrystals is an important objective in drug development. This work used the electrochemistry at interface between two immiscible liquids (ITIES) to control the formation of cocrystals. In the first part, the electrochemical behaviour of caffeine was investigated by the means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and alternating current voltammetry (ACV). The caffeine is the hydrophilic cation thus, it transferred at highly positive potential. Transfer of caffeine (Caff) was verified at various pH and the pH 2 was chosen to be the most optimal for the cocrystals formation. The control experiment proved that 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic (1H2N) did not transfer at ITIES. ACV provided the information about the influence of the aqueous and organic phase composition. Values have changed when CaffH+ alone, 1H2N alone and both 1H2N and CaffH+ were present in the aqueous phase. These suggest that these two molecules are interfacially active. In the third part the simultaneous measurement of potential (∆E) and current (I) variations at the ITIES, which were polarised using tetraalkylammonium cations as a common ion was reported. Various concentration ratios of tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, and tetrapropylammonium were dissolved in both phases. Such biphasic systems were then used to verify that the interfacial potential difference measured fit the theoretical calculations. This experimental set-up was next used to probe the interfacial cocrystallisation process of hydrophilic and cationic CaffH+ with lipophilic 1H2N. The presence of caffeine in the aqueous phase led to higher current values, caused by interfacial charge transfer. Analysis of the electrochemical current noise showed a clear difference between cells in which cocrystals are formed and those in which cocrystallisation is hindered, either by a negative potential or by a change in pH. The EN method is a powerful tool to follow the changes occurring at ITIES in common ion experiments by simultaneous measurement of potential and current. In the last part, cocrystals were formed on the ITIES according to the conditions chosen by the design of experiments (DoE) method. Various factors were tested: electrolytes in the aqueous phase, various solvents and salts applying positive potential. The XRD analysis showed the conditions to obtain almost pure Phase I and almost pure phase II. Study of simultaneous ∆E and I and the interfacial tension proved that the applied potential influences the kinetics of the cocrystallization process. DoE method indicated organic salt as the factor having an active impact on cocrystallization at ITIES
Grigortchouk, Olga. "Transport facilité à travers une membrane ionique tubulaire. Étude théorique du contrôle de la polarisation en relation avec les conditions hydrodynamiques." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES066.
Full textRobin, Frédéric. "Contrôle dynamique de la polarisation des transistors de puissance pour l'amplification linéaire et à haut rendement de signaux à enveloppe variable." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2355.
Full textThe aim of the study presented in this thesis is to propose a novel technique allowing to increase linearity by maintaining a high efficiency of the power amplifier with variable envelope signals. The study developed on the efficiency has shown that a dynamic control of the bias of the amplifier according to the envelope signal allows to achieve a maximum theoretical efficiency with a two-tone signals equal to that obtained by a single tone signal with a fixed bias. Moreover, simulation and measurements results have shown that the low frequency impedance presented at the transistor has a major impact on the linearity. A specific test bench was developed and the best performances were obtained by dynamically modifying the bias of the drain voltage according to the envelope of the signal. Indeed, the injection of a low frequency signal on the drain of the transistor modifies the saturation and the pinching of the transistor and thus its linearity. Following these studies, the dynamic bias technique was implemented on a prototype using a MESFET GaAs transistor at the frequency of 900MHz. Improvements in efficiency and linearity were measured with a two-tone signals (ratio C/I) or modulated signal (ACPR) compared to a fixed bias, whatever the amplification classes
Saad, El Dine Mohamad. "Linéarisation des amplificateurs de puissance à haut rendement en combinant les techniques de pré distorsion numérique et le contrôle de polarisation." Limoges, 2011. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/159b8ebd-0d26-4b99-9c48-fc7f17ff3bf4/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4021.pdf.
Full textModern communication systems require the use of modulation schemes that lead to non envelope constant microwave signals. The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of these signals is large. In such conditions, power amplifiers used in transmitters are critical devices because they need to be optimized in terms of both electrical efficiency and linearity which are antagonist parameters if conventional power amplifier architectures are considered. Consequently there is a major interest in research activities dealing with new power amplifier architectures that enable to obtain either high efficiency or good linearity performances. This can be reached if linearization techniques are applied to high efficiency power amplifiers designs. In such a context it is of prime interest to develop a laboratory set up that includes dynamic biasing of power amplifiers and digital predistortion capabilities to investigate novel high efficiency and linear amplification solutions. This has been accomplished in this work and applied to the optimisation of both efficiency and linearity of a 10 Watt GaN amplifier at S Band. Finally an experimental study that consists in low pass filtering the dynamic drain bias voltage is reported. The goal is to find a possible solution to enhance the efficiency of the bias modulator circuit without impacting to much linearity performances
Lezier, Geoffrey. "Nouvelles sources rapides THz exploitant les émetteurs large bande à effet Spin Hall inverse : nouveaux modes de contrôle des Émetteurs THz Spintroniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-05000449.
Full textSpintronic THz emitters are particularly promising devices for bridging the "THzgap," and they possess many properties that allow for easy control of the emissionpolarization. A new magnetic configuration with uniaxial anisotropy is developed,allowing for the control of polarization by scalar fields over 360°. This same configuration,combined with a piezoelectric substrate, allows for magnetoelectric control ofdevices through the application of an electric field. Furthermore, dynamic control isestablished by modulation of polarization with a sinusoidal magnetic field. A recordmodulation at 10 MHz is achieved by increasing the magnetic sensitivity of the devicesthrough the Spin Reorientation Transition. The emitters are finally integratedinto optical cavities and on optical fibers to enhance their performance and makethem more accessible to conventional optical systems
Frazer, Gordon Lee. "How TCR signal strength controls CTL polarisation for target killing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277687.
Full textRolloff, Otto. "Polarisation de substrat à partir de micro-générateurs distribués pour une gestion de l’énergie pilotée par l’activité dans les technologies FD-SOI." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT081.
Full textWith the exponential growth of the embedded systems and the so-called IoT objects, the need of reducing power consumption for environmental and economic considerations requires better power-saving techniques without compromising circuit performances. However, CMOS transistors are achieving their physical limits in terms of scaling and the opportunities to enhance the integrated circuit will be more on the design side than on the technology side. Thereto, it is noticeable that complex digital circuits spent a significant amount of energy during idle periods and tend to activate much more blocks than needed. This drawback results from the usage of the synchronous paradigm. Asynchronous circuits provide intrinsic and local signals that mitigate the unnecessary block activation in circuits and offers an intrinsic idle mode. Moreover, these signals are usable to locally manage body-bias voltages in Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FD-SOI) in order to save power. This thesis proposes a design strategy dedicated to asynchronous circuits exploiting the body-biasing facilities of the FD-SOI technology. Firstly, an analysis of the FD-SOI technology has been made in order to analyze the new degrees of freedom offered to the designers by mainly controlling the transistor threshold voltage (Vth) thanks to body-biasing effect. This latter is indeed able to change the transistor speed and power consumption. Secondly, a body-biasing standard cell based on a level shifter architecture has been designed in order to locally adapt the body-biasing voltage. Thirdly, we proposed a distributed activity-driven strategy easily managing a large number of Body-Biasing Domains (BBDs). Lastly, the aforementioned techniques have been implemented and tested in a chip designed in 28 nm FD-SOI technology from STMicroelectronics
Lan, Sun Luk Jean-Daniel. "Contrôle de la polarisation dans les antennes imprimées à large bande." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614959p.
Full textWalwyn-Brown, Katherine. "Control of Th2 polarisation by dendritic cells and natural killer cells." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/control-of-th2-polarisation-by-dendritic-cells-and-natural-killer-cells(fd15f834-f926-40f1-88ff-217bf1fbf263).html.
Full textSansoni, Thierry. "Contrôleur de polarisation à base de cristaux liquides. Applications aux télécommunications optiques." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10018.
Full textSoric, Audrey. "Influence de la polarisation sur la purification du silicium fondu par plasma thermique : étude du transfert de matière et contrôle du procédé en ligne par OES et de la pureté par LIBS." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066089.
Full textApostoluk, Aleksandra. "Dynamique de la polarisation tout-optique de molécules organiques présentant un photochromisme rapide en phase polymérisée." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110790.
Full textLombard, Emmanuel. "Etude des caractéristiques d'un faisceau contrôlé en polarisation après transmission à travers différentes nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863310.
Full textWei, Zhaopeng. "Auto-polarisation de la grille arrière pour auto-calibration de cellules analogiques et mixtes en technologie UTBB-FDSOI." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4033.
Full textIn the competition of the miniaturization of integrated electronic circuits, UTBB-FDSOI technologies are better adapted to nanometric sizes, because they can limit the problems due to the random doping variations used in conventional “bulk” transistors and bring a significant improvement in terms of performance and low power design. This thesis is a contribution to the development of novel building blocks for PLL using complementary logic in 28nm UTBB-FDSOI technology. Using this technology, we proposed a complementary inverter based on a pair of back-gate cross-coupled inverters offering a fully symmetrical operation of complementary signals. This design concept can be extended to any digital cells to generate more stable, symmetrical and resilient output signals. First, we designed a fast and efficient ring oscillator composed by four complementary inverters delivering quadrature clocks which oscillation frequency is 7.3GHz. Then using complementary logic and back-gate control structure, we proposed an efficient solution to produce novel structures of VRCO, PFD, Charge pump, divisor etc., which are the key building blocks of high-speed low noise PLLs. All these designs have been simulated and verified using Cadence. Moreover, a test chip of RO, current mirror and VCRO have already been realized in silicon and tested
Roth, Sophie. "Réseaux de neurones modèles : contrôle de la différenciation axonale par micropatterns." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10262.
Full textIn vitro neuronal networks are pertinent simple systems to approach brain computational complexity. They are even more useful when an architecture evoking the in vivo network organization can be enforced. This is why micro-patterned substrates are now widely used to force cell adhesion and growth according to a predefined topology. However, building fully controlled neuronal microcircuits requires precise supervision of the information flow between cells, which can only be achieved by inducing neuronal polarity (i. E. Axonal differentiation) in a specific direction. Although more polarity-regulating molecules are being discovered each day, they are hardly usable to create polarized networks in vitro as most patterning technologies are not compatible with protein grafting. In this PhD, our goal was to achieve full control of neural polarity by combined action of non-specific adhesion and physical constraints provided by sophisticated patterning geometries. We report here the mastering of axonal growth direction with a success close to 90\%. This result was based upon previous observations : the centrosome localization determines the axon emergence point and mechanical tension is sufficient to ensure axon formation. We coupled these results into a single pattern to constrain the centrosome position with suitable adhesive patterns and prevent axon growing on undesired positions with specific curved shapes that provide a limitation of neurite tension. These findings not only provide an important tool for creating neuronal model networks but also question the centrosome function and the mechanisms of adhesion and force transmission within neurites that have been so far neglected in favour of growth cone analysis
Bettahar, Houari. "High accurate 3-D photo-robotic nano-positioning for hybrid integrated optics." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD019/document.
Full textThe hybrid integration of individual photonic elements appears as promising, because it may provide high performances, propose new optical functionalities and products and exploit new propagation modes of light beams. This approach requires an accurate multi Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) positioning of the individual photonic elements. Hence, the inaccurate multi-DOF measurement and robots control are the main locks to overcome, notably at the micro-scale. For this sake, an original photo-robotic approach has been proposed, relying on multi-DOF robot motion associated with the use of 1-D Fabry-Perot interferometry measure to realize multi-DOF pose measure. This approach notably integrates the issue of 6-DOF robot calibration that has been studied through extrinsic and/or intrinsic geometric parameters calibration. In order to find the appropriate calibration strategy for high positioning accuracy and adapted to the context of micro-positioning of optical components, a quantification and durability analysis of optical and robotic performances have been investigated. Experimental investigations demonstrate that a rotational and translational positioning accuracy of 0.004° and 27.6 nm have been obtained respectively.This photo-robotic approach has especially been applied to achieve the 6-DOF positioning of an optical lamella relative to an optical fiber with high accuracy that also conduct to maximum optical performances. The approach has also been applied to control the optical polarization states at the output of an hybrid optical system through achieving high accurate rotations of a specific optical wave plate around the optical axis. The experimental results notably demonstrate that the high positioning accuracy enables to accurately control of the optical polarization state
Munch, Guillaume. "Syntaxe et modèles d'une composition non-associative des programmes et des preuves." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077130.
Full textThe thesis is a contribution to the understanding of the nature, role, and mechanisms of polarisation in programming languages, proof theory and categorical models. Polarisation corresponds to the idea that we can relax the associativity of composition, as we show by relating duploids, our direct model of polarisation, to adjunctions. As a consequence, polarisation underlies many models of computation, which we further show by decomposing continuation-passing-style models of delimited control in three fondamental steps which allowing us to reconstruct four call-by-name variants of the shift and reset operators. It also explains constructiveness-related phenomena in proof theory, which we illustrate by providing a formulae-as-types interpretation for polarisation in general and for an involutive negation in particular. The cornerstone of our approach is an interactive term-based représentation of proofs and programs (L calculi) which exposes the structure of polarities. It is based on the correspondence between abstract machines and sequent calculi, and it aims at synthesising various trends: the modelling of control, evaluation order and effects in programming languages, the quest for a relationship between categorical duality and continuations, and the interactive notion of construction in proof theory. We give a gentle introduction to our approach which only assumes elementary knowledge of simply-typed lambda calculus and rewriting
Assemat, Elie. "Sur le rôle des singularités hamiltoniennes dans les systèmes contrôlés : applications en mécanique quantique et en optique non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804765.
Full textHazan, Joseph. "Apports et limitations des méthodes électrochimiques à l'étude et au contrôle de la corrosion du zinc et de sa passivation chromique." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPDE83.
Full textAilloud, Quentin. "Composants interférentiels pour une dépolarisation spectrale contrôlée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0343/document.
Full textPolarized light is generally considered as an added value and is often used to improve the viewing of scenes and samples through various optimization processes. However, there are a number of situations where the polarization of the light is penalizing, and for which it is important that the polarized light is transformed into unpolarized light. For example, many space applications require embedded sensors to analyze optical flux from the Earth or the environment. These fluxes are collected after being scattered and reflected by the different elements encountered, which can partially polarize the light studied. This depolarization is not predictable because it strongly depends on the environments encountered whereas it strongly influences the calibration of the instruments. Although the polarization state of light can be easily transformed into another arbitrary state, or from unpolarized light to polarized light, the reverse situation of depolarizing light is less common and is often accompanied by optical losses and a reduction in spatial or temporal coherence. In this thesis, we propose an original alternative technique based on the principle of spatial depolarization. It requires an optical multilayer type component having a transverse gradient of optical properties. We show under which conditions this gradient satisfies a spatial depolarization condition, without creating energy losses. This synthesis step simultaneously takes into account the spatial and spectral variations of the optical properties of the filter
Lefèvre, Lise. "Rôle de la polarisation M2 des macrophages dans le contrôle d'infections fongiques et parasitaires : implication des récepteurs nucléaires PPARgamma et LRH-1 et des récepteurs lectine de type C." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30088.
Full textMacrophages are key cells of the innate immune response and have phenotypic and functional plasticity which allows them to adapt to their microenvironment. Among these signals, the inflammatory and metabolic states, as well as the pathogenic agents, will influence the macrophage polarization. In this work, we focused on two environmental factors (i) the type 2 diabetes, characterized by a low grade inflammation and an increased susceptibility to fungal infections (ii) a parasitic infection, the visceral leishmaniasis. We have shown that a high fat diet induced-insulin resistance promoted an inflammatory M2b polarization of macrophages associated with an increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal candidiasis. We then demonstrated that ligands of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma shift the M2b polarization toward M2a phenotype, effective to eliminate Candida albicans. This macrophage polarization is characterized by the overexpression of Dectin-1 and Mannose (MR), two membrane macrophage C-type lectin receptors involved in the yeast internalization and in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS). This work is published in PLoS One, 2010, September 20, 5 (9): e12828. Doi: 10. 1371/journal. Pone. 0012828. Thus, the study of the signaling pathways leading to PPAR? activation could be of therapeutic interest during fungal infections. Therefore, we focused on the LRH-1 nuclear receptor, known to regulate the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of potential PPARgamma ligands. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of LRH-1 in the M2 macrophage polarization. Indeed, LRH-1 is implicated in the production of PPARgamma endogenous ligands and hence in its activation. We also showed that mice deficient for LRH-1 specifically in macrophages exhibit increased susceptibility to Candida albicans infection, associated with altered M2 polarization related-candidacidal functions. These results suggest that LRH-1 could be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of fungal infections, promoting M2 polarization favorable for the host. This work is currently under submission. In the second part of this work, we studied the influence of visceral leishmaniasis on the macrophage polarization. Interestingly, we report that the macrophage response in vivo against Leishmania infantum is characterized by a M2b-like phenotype displaying a C-type lectin receptors signature composed of Dectin-1, MR and the DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3. We also demonstrated that these receptors influenced the outcome of L. Infantum infection. Indeed, Dectin-1 and MR are involved in the L. Infantum internalization by macrophages and in the production of ROS, inflammatory bioactive lipids, and cytokines such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and interleukin 1beta, which enable parasite elimination. By contrast, SIGNR3/DC-SIGN favors parasite resilience through inhibition of the microbicidal functions of macrophages. Confirmation of these results in primary human macrophages highlights the divergent role for these C-type lectin receptors to the pathogenesis of Leishmania infantum. This work demonstrates the importance of lectins/LTB4/LXA4 axis in the control of the inflammatory mediator's production responsible for parasite elimination. Our findings suggest that effective modulation of these cellular and molecular factors might shift the Leishmania-macrophage interaction for the benefit of the patient. This work is published in Immunity, 2013, May 23;38(5):1038-49. Doi: 10. 1016/j. Immuni. 2013. 04. 010
Marie, Bruno. "Étude d'une décharge en cathode creuse avec grilles de polarisation : influence sur l'énergie des électrons, application au contrôle des couleurs d'un laser helium-cadmium trichrome fonctionnant en pulvérisation cathodique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112343.
Full textCassette, Elsa. "Nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs II-VI et I-III-VI : Contrôle des propriétés optiques de structures coeur/coque." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761685.
Full textFaudot, Eric. "Modélisations de phénomènes de polarisation par gaines RF ou-et faisceau de particules dans un plasma magnétisé." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10146.
Full textThis work investigates the problematic of hot spots induced by accelerated particle fluxes in tokamaks. It is shown that the polarization due to sheaths in the edge plasma in which an electron beam at a high level of energy is injected, can reach several hundreds volts and thus extend the deposition area. The notion of obstructed sheath is introduced and explains the acceleration of energy deposition by decreasing of the sheath potential. Then, a 2D fluid modeling of flux tubes in front of ICRF antennae allows us to calculate the rectified potentials taking into account RF polarization currents transverse to magnetic field lines. The 2D fluid code designed validates the analytical results which show that the DC rectified potential is 50% greater with polarization currents than without. Finally, the simultaneous application of an electron beam and a RF potential reveals that the potentials due to each phenomenon are additives when RF potential is much greater than beam polarization. The density depletion of polarized flux tubes in 2D PIC simulations is characterized but not yet explained
Assemat, Élie. "Sur le rôle des singularités hamiltonniennes dans les systèmes contrôlés : applications en mécanique quantique et en optique non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833905.
Full textDainone, Pambiang Abel. "Contrôle électrique de l'injection de spin dans les diodes électroluminescentes avec un injecteur à couple spin-orbite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0125.
Full textSpin- light-emitting diodes (spin-LEDs), capable of emitting circularly polarized light by combining a semiconducting LED structure with a ferromagnetic injector, are at the forefront of future optical telecommunications based on circular polarization. The current challenge is to bridge the fields of photonics, electronics, and spintronics by electrically modulating the circular polarization of the emitted light through electrical control of the magnetization. So far, circular polarization has been controlled by switching the magnetization using an external magnetic field. For future applications, it is essential to eliminate the need for an external magnetic field. One possible solution is to electrically switch the magnetization using the spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect. However, controlling circular polarization by electrical modulation of the spin injection remains a challenging issue. The aim of this thesis is to study the electrical control of spin injection in a spin-LED using new types of spin injectors exhibiting SOT effects. To this end, we studied two types of spin injectors. For the first injector, Au/Fe₄N/MgO, we successfully achieved high-quality epitaxial growth with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on a GaAs LED. We also managed, for the first time, to electrically switch the magnetization on a LED. However, we did not detect any circular polarization, most probably due to the complexity of the Fe4N magnetic structure and possible nitrogen diffusion at the interfaces. The second injector used in this thesis is Ta/CoFeB/MgO. This injector has already shown strong circular polarization. Our measurements on the standard spin-LED showed world record values of circular polarization reaching up to 40% at room temperature without any applied magnetic field. However, we were unable to electrically switch the magnetization of this injector on the SOT spin-LED due to the high resistance of the injection channel. The addition of a thin chromium layer on top of the injector reduces the electrical resistance of the channel and ultimately improves the magnetization switching properties. We thus succeeded in electrically switching this injector on a LED with a critical switching current of about 9 x 106 A/cm². This allows us to modulate the circular polarization of the emitted light between ± 30% at 300 K. We further showed that this this modulation can even be repeated more than 60 times without any degradation of the injector/semiconductor interface. Our results represent a major advancement that will significantly contribute to the development of optical telecommunications based on circular polarization modulation
Saito, Kazuko. "Analyse quantitative par RMN de l'état solide C-13 par polarisation croisée et en rotation à l'angle magique "CPMAS" de formulations galéniques en vue de l'identification de contrefaçons." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0003.
Full textThis thesis undertakes a reinvestigation of the solid state NMR CPMAS measurement for pharmaceutical materials, in order to assess their quality: original drugs, generics of counterfeits. The pulse sequence RAMP-CPMAS was revisited in order to evaluate its performances for quantification. Combining RAMP-CPMAS with a forced return to equilibrium with a “flip-back” pulse allows obtaining a measurement in a reasonable and constant time, suppressing one of the limitations for the implementation of solid state NMR in the industry. All the parameters of the magetization transfert du ring CPMAS can therefore be under experimental control, including those described to be intrinsically sample dependent, , TCH et T1, by using a good choice of experimental parameters. Therefore, CPMAS measurement can be made quantitative. Base upon these results, recommandations for quantitative measurements are suggested for different types of situations
Zorni, Chiara. "Contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault de milieux ferromagnétiques : De l'expérience au modèle d'interaction." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681790.
Full textParny, Mélissa. "Impact de différentes classes de pesticides sur les fonctions immunitaires innées des macrophages et des kératinocytes humains HaCaT : mise en évidence de la contribution des kératinocytes dans le contrôle de la polarisation des macrophages." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30103.
Full textThe use of pesticides in agriculture has led to enormous progress in terms of yields, pest and disease vector control. However, epidemiological studies suggest that dermal exposure, ingestion and inhalation of pesticides could affect human health through deregulation of immune system cells. Among these cells, macrophages play a key role in anti-infectious and anti-tumor defense and in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of any of these functions by pesticides could have serious consequences on the initiation and development of infectious, autoimmune, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. The first objective of this thesis consisted in evaluating the impact of 7 pesticides of different chemical classes, used in fruit arboriculture, on the effector functions of human monocyte-derived macrophages (h-MDM). Among these pesticides, only boscalid had no effect. Thiacloprid promoted the ability of macrophages to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-10 in response to an inflammatory stimulus. Chlorpyrifos, thiophanate and ziram increased ROS production at low doses (0.01-0.1 µM) while at high doses (10 µM) chlorpyrifos, ziram, captan and dithianon showed immunosuppressive effects by reducing ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-a). These data suggest that exposure to chlorpyrifos, ziram, captan and dithianon may compromise the elimination of microbial pathogens by macrophages.The second objective was to determine the mechanism by which ziram (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate) inhibits the effector functions of macrophages. To assess the role of zinc in the mechanism of action of this fungicide, the effects of ziram were compared to those of disulfiram, (zinc-free dithiocarbamate) whether or not co-incubated with zinc sulfate. We showed that ziram at 10 µM completely inhibited phagocytosis, oxidative hyperactivity and the production of TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, CCL2 by macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Disulfiram had the same effects only in combination with zinc sulfate (10 µM). The role of zinc in the effect of ziram was also confirmed by the demonstration of induction in macrophages of the expression of (i) antioxidant genes HMOX1, SOD2, CAT, (ii) marker genes for a polarization of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype M2 which is often associated with various diseases related to the suppression of host defenses. The third objective was to determine dermal exposure to pesticides. Using monoculture and coculture models associating (or not) keratinocytes and hMDM on either side of a permeable membrane, we showed that dithianon at 10 µM, positively regulated TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß mRNAs after 48h in monoculture of keratinocytes and after only 24h in coculture with hMDM. We also established that keratinocytes exposed to 10 µM dithianon triggered ROS production by hMDM after 48 and 72 h of coculture.[...]
Makdissy, Tony. "Nouvelles topologies de cellules déphaseuses à coût et complexité réduits pour les antennes réseaux réflecteurs large bande." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958105.
Full textWang, Mengjia. "Spin-orbit interactions for steering Bloch surface waves with the optical magnetic field and for locally controlling light polarization by swirling surface plasmons." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD013/document.
Full textMy thesis is devoted to novel nano-optical phenomena and devices based on spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light. First, magnetic spin-locking, i.e., an SOI solely driven by the magnetic field of light, is demonstrated with Bloch surface waves. It provides a new manifestation of the magnetic light field. Then, we propose and demonstrate the concept of traveling-wave plasmonic helical antenna (TW-HPA), consisting of a narrow helical gold-coated wire non-radiatively fed with a dipolar nano-antenna. By swirling surface plasmons, the TW-HPA combines subwavelength illumination and polarization transformation. The TW-HPA is demonstrated to radiate on the subwavelength scale almost perfectly circularly polarized optical waves upon illumination with linearly polarized light. With this subwavelength plasmonic antenna, we developed strongly integrated arrays of point-light emissions of opposite handedness and tunable intensities. Finally, by coupling two couples of TW-HPAs of opposite handedness, we obtained new polarization properties so far unattainable
Fusaro, Adrien. "Auto-organisation d’ondes optiques incohérentes : Condensation, thermalisation et repolarisation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK035/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis concerns the study of phenomena of self-organization of incoherentoptical waves. This work is essentially theoretical and numerical and relies on different formalisms of waveturbulence theory, the Hamiltonian singularities, and different experiments.The first part of the thesis deals with the irreversible processes of thermalization and condensation ofincoherent waves. The phenomenon of condensation is characterized by the formation of a large scale co-herent structure (condensate) that remains immersed in a sea of small scale fluctuations (uncondensedparticules). In spite of the large propagation lengths required to reach the condensed equilibrium state, wehave identified theoretically and experimentally in atomic vapors a phenomenon of pre-condensation thatoccurs far from thermal equilibrium and that plays the role of a precursor for the asymptotic equilibriumstate. On the other hand, on the basis of recent experimental observations of the effect of beam self-cleaningin multimode optical fibers, we have developed a kinetic wave turbulence approach that accounts for theimpact of a structural disorder of the material. The theory reveals that disorder leads to a significant ac-celeration of the condensation process, which can explain the beam self-cleaning effect. Our experimentsreport the observation of the transition from the thermal distribution toward condensation with a macro-scopic fraction of condensed power into the fundamental mode. We have studied the impact of a highlynonlocal (or non-instantaneous) response on the nonlinear propagation of a speckle beam, which allowedus to identify a mechanism of spontaneous emergence of long-range phase coherence.The second part of the manuscript is based on a phenomenon of polarization attraction when two in-coherent waves are injected at both ends of an optical fiber. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the counter-propagating partially polarized waves relax toward a quasi-stationary state characterized by a phenomenonof self-polarization that occurs just in the middle point of the optical fiber. This effect is related to the pre-sence of singularities in the Hamiltonian system associated to the stationary state
Houzet, Julien. "Alignement moléculaire : caractérisation et application à la mesure de thermalisation ultra-rapide et au contrôle de génération d'harmoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005137.
Full textPolge, David. "Amplificateur de puissance à polarisation contrôlée et à faible variation du temps de propagation de groupe pour systèmes de localisation en technologie ultra large bande impulsionnelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0206/document.
Full textThe use of impulse radio (IR) ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for indoor localization systems both improves signal accuracy and reduces disturbances from multipath. A new standard for emergency situations requires the design of a higher output power UWB power amplifier (PA) as the usual maximum output power has been raised by 20 dB in order to allow the signal to pass through thick obstacles, thus helping rescue operations. First, a UWB PA state of the art is presented, and the design of both a power cell and a driver cell are detailed, to achieve the required output power level and additional gain, respectively. Finally, a bias controlled amplification system is described, taking advantage of the IR profile of the UWB signal. The PA is activated only for pulse occurrences, reducing drastically its power consumption
Hertz, Edouard. "Interactions cohérentes dans les atomes et les molécules : manipulation des états du continuum et contrôle de paquets d'ondes rotationnels." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS045.
Full text