Journal articles on the topic 'Control room safety measures'
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Zhang, Xinying, Han Ying, Qin Yan, and Minghui Zhao. "The Infection Control Measures Taken in MRI Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Period." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v7i1.4702.
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Objective: To optimize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection process in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, standardize and strengthen the infection control and management MRI rooms. Methods: According to the Technical Guide for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Medical Institutions (3rd Edition), with reference to the current COVID-19 infection control plan, there are three aspects involved in the planning of MRI examination: MRI room management, medical staff management and protection, and patient management, especially the use of full plastic nose strip medical masks. Infection prevention measures are formulated, scientific prevention and control are made, and accurate policies are implemented. Results: MRI examination was carried out according to the infection control and management of MRI room plan during the epidemic, so as to ensure the safety of examination, the safety of patients and the safety of medical staff and no cross infection in hospital. Conclusion: The implementation of proper infection prevention measures during MRI examination in light of COVID-19 ensures that patients wear medical surgical masks with full plastic nose strips throughout the process to avoid cross-infection, ensure the safety of doctors and patients, and maintain the health of the population.
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Abdelati, Inaam, Maha Ali, Yousif A, and Amany El-berdan. "NURSES’ COMPLIANCE WITH INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES AND BARRIERS TO PRECAUTIONS IN THE DELIVERY ROOM." Volume-10 : Issue 1, July, 2018 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2018.v10i01.014.
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Background: Nurses play crucial role in avoiding hospital procured infections, by guaranteeing that all viewpoints of their nursing practice is prove based, and also through nursing inquire research and understanding instruction. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the nurse's compliance with infection control measures and-barrier precautions in delivery room. Methods: Research design: An exploratory design had been chosen for carrying out our paper. Setting: The study was carried out in four hospitals in Damietta governorate. Subjects: 51 on duty nurses were taken at the time of the study. Tools of data collection: Data were collected using self-administers questioners. Results: Findings revealed the existence of poor standard precautions (100%). There is connection between age, education level, work involvement experience, and compliance with standard safety measures and precautions at p<0.05. At the same time significant relation between training courses and compliance to standard precautions was p<0.05. Conclusion: The nurses in the current study faced a lot of barriers that posed a hindrance in implementing the infection control measures, such as in situations like: emergency situation, lack of equipment & supplies, lack of infection control measures, lack of periodical infection and control training course. Recommendations: Strategic plan to overcome obstacles & barriers that hinder nurses to compliance with infection control measures should be conducted. It is essential to consider the national standards of infection prevention adopted by the ministry of health in delivery room of all hospital in Damietta governorate.
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Dian, Fransiska, Bagaswoto Poedjomartono, and Toto Trikasjono. "Analisis Keselamatan Radiasi Tindakan Radiologi Intervensional dan Kateterisasi Jantung Vaskular di Cath-Lab Room RSUP Dr. Sardjito." Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33748/jradidn.v1i1.2.
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Background: Attention control in interventional radiology is not yet optimal if compared with diagnostic radiology, but the risk of radiation in interventional radiology is greater than the diagnostic radiology.Objective: To evaluate the level of radiation safety measures by conducting analysis on interventional radiology and vascular cardiac catheterization both therapy and diagnosis in Cath-Lab Room, especially in the Cath-Lab Room 2 of Radiology Unit, RSUP Dr. Sardjito.Materials and methods: Evaluation is done on the structural design of retaining, the leakage rate of X-ray machine, the environmental rate of radiation exposure and dose of radiation workers by comparing between the data with theory.Results: Most of the thick primary and secondary structural barrier has a thickness sufcient although there are still some parts are less. Average of environmental radiation exposure rate is 0,01664 ?R/hr. Then, average of radiation leak rate is 9,225 mR/hr. The average dose received by the doctors and assistants are still far from 20 mSv/year as Dose Value Limit, that is 19,2242 ?Sv/measures for physicians and 9,403 ?Sv/measures for the assistant. The number of measure in the Cath-Lab Room 2 so as not to exceed the NBD 20 mSv/year is a 1.040 measure by doctor and 1.305 act by assistant.Conclusions: In general, the examination room and X-ray machine in Cath Lab Room 2 of Radiology Unit, RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta is in a safe condition to operate. Designing of structural barrier, control of environmental radiation exposure rates and the rate of leakage of X-ray machine, and the use of personal protection equipment can reduce radiation dose of Cath-Lab Room 2 sta? in to the lowest possible value so as to ensure the safety of sta? and the community around the Cath-Lab Room 2.
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Brandhorst, Sebastian, and Annette Kluge. "Unintended Detrimental Effects of the Combination of Several Safety Measures—When More Is Not Always More Effective." Safety 7, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7020037.
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To ensure safety-related behavior in risky operations, several safety measures, such as safety-related rules and safety management systems including audits, rewards, and communication, are implemented. Looking at each single measure, it is reasonable to assume that each one leads to rule compliance, but how do they interact? In an experimental study, we varied (1) the salience of either safety, productivity, or both, (2) the reward for the compliance and punishment for a violation, (3) the communication of audit results (result- or process-based), and (4) the gain and loss framing of performance indicators. In a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial between-group design, 497 engineering students in the role of Control Room Operator participated in a five hour simulation of a production year of a chemical plant. Looking at single effects, salient safety goals led to a low number of rule violations compared to the salience of production goals. Interestingly, the interaction of several measures showed that particular combinations of measures were highly detrimental to safety, although altogether, they were assumed to reduce risks. For practice, this means that the effects of safety measures depend on their particular combination and can lead to unwanted effects.
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He, Liwen, Yingcheng Dai, Sheng Xue, Chunshan Zheng, Baiqing Han, and Xin Guo. "Study on Gas Control Methods Optimization for Mining Safety." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 21, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4594330.
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Effective gas control is of significance for safe efficient coal mining in Haizi Coal Mine and other mines with similar geological conditions. This study concentrates on gas control theories and techniques in multiple coal seams of Haizi Coal Mine (No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, and No. 10 coal seam from top to bottom). To minimize risk of high gas emission and outburst hazard, No. 10 seam was mined first as a protective seam prior to the mining of its overlying outburst-prone No. 7, No. 8, and No. 9 seam. Four gas drainage measures were determined for gas control, including cross-measure boreholes into overlying coal seams, surface goaf wells, roof boreholes, and roof gas drainage roadway. These gas control measures, if implemented through entire coal seam extraction, would be possibly uneconomic. An investigation was undertaken to analyze effects of those four measures on gas emission, methane concentration, and gas drainage quantity in No. 2 1024 mining panel of No. 10 seam. Results indicate that the highly expensive gas drainage measure of a roof roadway has poor drainage performance and could be effectively replaced by roof boreholes. When adopting the optimized combination of gas drainage measures, drainage efficiency of No. 7 seam, No. 8 seam, and No. 9 seam could reach 58.64% and decrease gas pressure to be below 0.74 MPa. Outcomes of this study could provide beneficial guidance not only for gas drainage design optimization in Haizi Coal Mine but also for other multiple-seam mines with similar mining and geological conditions, for increasing gas drainage efficiency and guaranteeing mining safety.
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Khattar, Prerna. "A Smart Helmet for Secure Monitoring of Miner Data to Improve Safety." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41393.
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Abstract: In recent times, mining has been a dangerous activity taking a severe toll on the lives of miners. Underground mining hazards include gas poisoning, suffocation, roof collapse, and gas explosion. This project aims to develop a smart helmet based on Zigbee wireless technology to build wireless sensor networks for real-time surveillance and monitoring hazardous gases and abnormal levels of temperature and humidity in the mine. These three parameters are continuously being detected using the gas sensor(s), temperature and humidity sensor, and if the predefined limit is crossed, a buzzer and LED will be initiated. Two infrared sensors, one inside and one on the surface of the helmet, are placed to check if the helmet is properly placed and to detect collision from falling debris, respectively. These values are continuously being transmitted to the control room for monitoring. In case of any hazardous situation, the led and buzzer are activated in the control room as well as on the miner’s helmet. The helmet is powered by the energy generated from piezoelectric sensors placed in the miner’s shoes, which work on the principle of vibration detected from the miner’s movement. The safety measures included in our project can drastically help us avoid mining accidents and thus saving invaluable lives. Keywords: Smart helmet, Zigbee Technology, Gas sensor, Temperature and Humidity sensor, Infrared Sensor, Coal mines, Safety
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Bogari, Ahmed Fouad, Nada Mohmmad Alharbi, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alaqlan, Turki Salem Aljaza, Ali Ibrahim Alibrahim, Fadwa Ahmed Ali, Ibrahim Saad Alduhayshi, et al. "Protocols and safety measurements used in intubation of COVID-19 patients." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220008.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to pose an emergency to contain the contamination and prevent the further spread of the infection. In this context, many societies and research papers were published to optimize guidelines and protocols for patients undergoing surgery and subsequent intubation. Accordingly, infection control is a critical approach to reduce the rate of contamination and risk of catching infections for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. As a result, various guidelines were discussed in the current literature review, including guidelines to the patient, healthcare workers, operating room, anesthesia equipment, and patient transportation. For instance, healthcare workers can protect themselves from catching infections by wearing personal protective equipment and conducting adequate disinfection measures following each operation, in addition to the proper disposal of the contaminated objects. Strictly following these protocols should be done to reduce the risk of contamination in the operating room and enhance the outcomes of the patients and healthcare workers.
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Shoaib, Shameen, Syed Wahajuddin, Sobia Majeed, Sobia Naseem Siddiqui, Afsheen Shoaib, Fauzia Hashmi, Muhammad Jamaluddin, and Syed Khurram Fareed. "Safety Measures for Operating Team and Operation Theater During the Current Scenario of COVID-19." BioSight 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/bios.v1i2.10.
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The COVID-19 has become a major threat to Pakistan and worldwide, and has become a significant issue for global health, economy and societies. This rapid spread was occurred from Wuhan, China to most of the part of the world. To elaborate the concept and recommendations regarding the safety precautions in operation theater (O.T) and inside associated team during the current scenario of COVID-19. Many research and review articles were studied to collect information about Covid-19 and strategies published in various journals using the search engine, PubMed and Medline. The COVID-19 has significantly changed all aspects of daily life around the world since very start of this year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), a novel corona virus, has been infected many healthcare workers. In this perspective, hospitals need a strategy to manage their resources, staff and supplies so that patients receive optimal treatment. A decision tree algorithm was developed that defined the recommendations for safety measures in operation theater and operating procedures, these include identifying and developing an isolation room, administrative measures such as transformations in working flow and procedures, introducing personal protective equipment for the employees and formulating anesthetic clinical guidelines. These control actions are essential to enhance the excellence of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the risk of spread to other patients or staff. The operating room is a dynamic environment with numerous staff like anesthesiologists, physicians, nurses, O.T attendants and technicians; however, we agree that the containment steps are important in order to improve the standard of treatment provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the chance of viral spread to patients other than COVID-19 and hospital staff.
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Darvish Moghaddam, Sodaif, Mohammad Javad Zahedi, Mahdieh Dalili, and Mostafa Shokoohi. "Compliance of Healthcare Professionals with Safety Measures for Control of Hepatitis Viruses in Hemodialysis Centers: An Experience from Southeast Iran." Hepatitis Research and Treatment 2012 (November 8, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/415841.
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Introduction. Noncompliance with the recommended infection control measures by the healthcare professionals (HCPs) plays a major role in transmission of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses in hemodialysis (HD) wards. This study aimed to determine the compliance rate of the HCP with safety measures in the HD wards in southeast Iran. Patients and Methods. A total of 208 patients were enrolled. Adherence of HCPs with standard infection control measures was assessed. Results. Sixty-one HCPs with a mean age of 32.4 ± 11.2 years old were responsible for healthcare services. Compliance with the following items was weak: not sharing medications trolley (29.8%), disinfecting the shared instruments (46.2%), using single use materials for many patients (52.4%), carrying used materials in disposable containers (51.9%), not returning of unused materials to the clean room (55.3%), and adherence to hand washing (58.7%). Periodic monitoring for HBV and HCV was performed on 100% and 69.7% of the patients, respectively. Less than 2/3 of HCPs participated in the retraining courses. Conclusion. Compliance of HCPs with safety measures for viral hepatitis prevention was partly inadequate in HD wards. Emphasis on retraining of HCPs and official supervision would be effective steps in the reduction of viral dissemination.
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Iyengar, Venkatesh, and Ibrahim Elmadfa. "Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000114.
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The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.
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Masson, Claire, Gabriel Birgand, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Vanessa Maria Eichel, Alexa Comte, Hugo Terrisse, Brice Rubens-Duval, et al. "Is virtual reality effective to teach prevention of surgical site infections in the operating room? study protocol for a randomised controlled multicentre trial entitled VIP Room study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e037299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037299.
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IntroductionSome surgical site infections (SSI) could be prevented by following adequate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. Poor compliance with IPC measures often occurs due to knowledge gaps and insufficient education of healthcare professionals. The education and training of SSI preventive measures does not usually take place in the operating room (OR), due to safety, and organisational and logistic issues. The proposed study aims to compare virtual reality (VR) as a tool for medical students to learn the SSI prevention measures and adequate behaviours (eg, limit movements…) in the OR, to conventional teaching.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a randomised controlled multicentre trial comparing an educational intervention based on VR simulation to routine education. This multicentre study will be performed in three universities: Grenoble Alpes University (France), Imperial College London (UK) and University of Heidelberg (Germany). Third-year medical students of each university will be randomised in two groups. The students randomised in the intervention group will follow VR teaching. The students randomised in the control group will follow a conventional education programme. Primary outcome will be the difference between scores obtained at the IPC exam at the end of the year between the two groups. The written exam will be the same in the three countries. Secondary outcomes will be satisfaction and students’ progression for the VR group. The data will be analysed with intention-to-treat and per protocol.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Medical Education Ethics Committee of the London Imperial College (MEEC1920-172), by the Ethical Committee for the Research of Grenoble Alpes University (CER Grenoble Alpes-Avis-2019-099-24-2) and by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University (S-765/2019). Results will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals, communicated to participants, general public and all relevant stakeholders.
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Graversen, Martin, Peter B. Pedersen, and Michael B. Mortensen. "Environmental safety during the administration of Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)." Pleura and Peritoneum 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pp-2016-0019.
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AbstractBackground:Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative technique for intraperitoneal drug delivery. This study investigates the efficacy of the occupational health safety measures taken to prevent exposition of healthcare workers to the toxic chemotherapy aerosol.Methods:Air samples were taken at the working place of the surgeon and of the anesthetist during 2 PIPAC procedures and analyzed for content of platinum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Airborne particles were quantified in real time. Biological monitoring was performed in two surgeons after 50 PIPAC by examining blood samples for possible traces of platinum. Analysis was performed by an independent company.Results:Safety measures included tightly closed abdomen, operating room (OR), ventilation meeting requirements of ISO norm 14644–1 class 5, closed aerosol waste system and remote control of PIPAC administration. No traces of platinum were found in the air of the OR (detection limit of 0.0001 mg/filter). No specific rise in particle concentration was detected in the air during the PIPAC procedure, patient closure and removal of the sterile drapes. Blood samples of the surgeons showed no traces of platinum.Conclusions:After implementation of adequate safety measures, no signs of environmental contamination or biological exposure of the surgeons were detected during PIPAC.
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Bulitta, Clemens, Laura Walberer, and Sebastian Buhl. "Correlation between germ and particle measurements for the qualification of ventilation systems in the OR." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0086.
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AbstractHealthcare associated infections in surgical procedures have long been the focus of scientific research. In Germany, more than 225,000 patients suffer from such infections each year [1]. However, the reduction of the microbiological contamination is not only limited by cleaning and disinfecting measures. The choice of the ventilation system in the operating room or the type of the clothing of the personnel during the operation is also an important factor contributing to patient safety and infection control. Currently there are different approaches for assessing the hygienic situation in an operating room. In Germany, the air quality and cleanliness is evaluated by the DIN 1946-4: 2008-12 [2] and is based on the measurement of particles in the operating theatre. Other countries i.eSweden. focus on the biological contamination and use microbiological methods for the assessment and surveillance of the operating room ventilation (SIS-TS 39: 2015) [3].
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Anderson, Deverick J., Lauren P. Knelson, Rebekah W. Moehring, Sarah S. Lewis, David J. Weber, Luke F. Chen, Patricia F. Triplett, et al. "Implementation Lessons Learned From the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room (BETR) Disinfection Study: Process and Perceptions of Enhanced Disinfection with Ultraviolet Disinfection Devices." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 2 (January 14, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.268.
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OBJECTIVETo summarize and discuss logistic and administrative challenges we encountered during the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room (BETR) Disinfection Study and lessons learned that are pertinent to future utilization of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection devices in other hospitalsDESIGNMulticenter cluster randomized trialSETTING AND PARTICIPANTSNine hospitals in the southeastern United StatesMETHODSAll participating hospitals developed systems to implement 4 different strategies for terminal room disinfection. We measured compliance with disinfection strategy, barriers to implementation, and perceptions from nurse managers and environmental services (EVS) supervisors throughout the 28-month trial.RESULTSImplementation of enhanced terminal disinfection with UV disinfection devices provides unique challenges, including time pressures from bed control personnel, efficient room identification, negative perceptions from nurse managers, and discharge volume. In the course of the BETR Disinfection Study, we utilized several strategies to overcome these barriers: (1) establishing safety as the priority; (2) improving communication between EVS, bed control, and hospital administration; (3) ensuring availability of necessary resources; and (4) tracking and providing feedback on compliance. Using these strategies, we deployed ultraviolet (UV) disinfection devices in 16,220 (88%) of 18,411 eligible rooms during our trial (median per hospital, 89%; IQR, 86%–92%).CONCLUSIONSImplementation of enhanced terminal room disinfection strategies using UV devices requires recognition and mitigation of 2 key barriers: (1) timely and accurate identification of rooms that would benefit from enhanced terminal disinfection and (2) overcoming time constraints to allow EVS cleaning staff sufficient time to properly employ enhanced terminal disinfection methods.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinical trials identifier: NCT01579370Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:157–163
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Niu, Yufen. "Influence of Standardized Nursing Management of Hospital Based on Smart Electronic Medical Blockchain on Nursing Quality of Digestive Endoscopy Room." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (April 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539901.
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With the increase of the incidence rate of digestive system diseases, digestive endoscopy has become an essential measure. The nursing quality of digestive endoscopy room will have a direct impact on the examination results and treatment effect, so improving the nursing quality of digestive endoscopy room has always been the focus of attention. In this paper, the smart electronic medical blockchain technology and hospital standardized nursing management mode are combined to develop the smart medical standardized nursing management mode. Firstly, 88 patients with digestive endoscopy in a hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the experimental subjects: 44 cases in the control group and 44 cases in the experimental group. The control group implemented the traditional management mode of digestive endoscopy room, and the experimental group implemented the standardized nursing management mode of smart medicine. The blood pressure level before and after nursing and the probability of adverse reactions in the process of nursing were counted. After nursing, the patients were asked to fill in the nursing satisfaction questionnaire, evaluate the nursing quality of nursing staff, and make statistics and comparison on the occurrence of safety events in digestive endoscopy room. After nursing, the systolic pressure drop of the experimental group was 125.36 ± 7.27 mmhg, diastolic pressure drop was 73.24 ± 4.21 mmhg, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 11.36%. The satisfaction rate of the experimental group was 15%, 29.55%, and 22.73% higher than that of the control group. The average scores of nursing skills, operation level, and examination results of nursing staff in the experimental group were 94.49, 95.12, and 95.89, respectively; the qualified rate of disinfection of digestive endoscopy room in the experimental group was 100%, the degree of cooperation between doctors and nurses was 100%, the timely rate of emergency measures was 95.45%, and the incidence of accidents was 0%. This shows that, under the standardized nursing of smart medicine, the blood pressure of patients is more stable, the incidence of adverse reactions is lower, the nursing satisfaction is higher, and the nursing quality of nursing staff and the safety of digestive endoscopy room are also improved.
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Tanaka, Koji, Hiroyuki Shimada, Ryusaburo Mori, Yorihisa Kitagawa, Hajime Onoe, Kazuki Tamura, and Hiroyuki Nakashizuka. "Safety Measures for Maintaining Low Endophthalmitis Rate after Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030876.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, intravitreal injections are performed with patients wearing masks. The risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection is reported to increase due to an influx of exhaled air containing oral bacteria from the upper part of the mask onto the ocular surface. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of endophthalmitis when intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections were performed using the same infection control measures before and during the pandemic. Vitreoretinal specialists performed intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents in the outpatient room of a university hospital. Infection control measures before and during the pandemic included covering the patient’s eye with adhesive face drape and irrigating the ocular surface with 0.25% povidone-iodine before draping, and immediately before and after injection. Before the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2016 to December 2019), one case of endophthalmitis occurred among 31,173 injections performed (0.0032%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.000008–0.017872%). During the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to August 2021), one case of endophthalmitis occurred among 14,725 injections performed (0.0068%; 95% CI, 0.000017–0.037832%). There was no significant difference between the two periods (Fisher’s exact test: p = 0.5387). Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, very low incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection can be maintained by implementing basic infection prophylactic measures, including face draping and 0.25% povidone-iodine irrigation, established before COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wu, Meixia, Qing Wang, and Zhuolin Cheng. "Cleaning Quality Control Management of Medical Equipment in Hospital Disinfection Supply Room Based on Smart Medicine." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4380735.
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With the continuous improvement of medical level, the demand for medical devices increases year by year, and it is necessary to track the quality and safety of medical devices. Establishing the cleaning quality control management of medical devices can not only reduce medical accidents and inhibit the spread of counterfeit or substandard medical devices but also help enterprises find the source of problems, determine the flow of the same batch of products, and warn relevant enterprises to take measures after the occurrence of problem products, and ultimately ensure the rights and interests of consumers. This study aims to study the cleaning quality control management of medical equipment in the hospital disinfection supply room based on smart medical care and proposes related concepts of smart medical care, as well as related theories of Internet of Things technology and medical equipment tracking system and related concepts of medical equipment cleaning. In this study, by comparing the cleaning compliance rates of the two groups of medical devices through smart medical care, it can be seen that 100% of the research group applying program-based management is significantly higher than 76.6% of the conventional management path. There was statistical significance in the data comparison between groups ( P < 0.05 ). Therefore, programmatic management is more targeted than conventional management paths.
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Tai, Duong Thanh, Truong Thi Hong Loan, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Nissren Tamam, Hiba Omer, and David A. Bradley. "Measurement of Neutron Dose Equivalent within and Outside of a LINAC Treatment Vault Using a Neutron Survey Meter." Quantum Beam Science 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs5040033.
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This work concerns neutron doses associated with the use of a Siemens Primus M5497 electron accelerator, which is operated in the photon mode at 15 MV. The conditions offer a situation within which a fraction of the bremsstrahlung emission energies exceed the photoneutron threshold. For different field sizes, an investigation has been made of neutron dose equivalent values at various measurement locations, including: (i) At the treatment table, at a source-surface distance of 100 cm; (ii) at the level of the floor directly adjacent to the treatment table; and (iii) in the control room and patient waiting area. The evaluated neutron dose equivalent was found to range from 0.0001 to 8.6 mSv/h, notably with the greatest value at the level of the floor directly adjacent to the treatment couch (8.6 mSv/h) exceeding the greatest value on the treatment table (5.5 mSv/h). Low values ranging from unobservable to between 0.0001 to 0.0002 mSv/h neutron dose were recorded around the control room and patient waiting area. For measurements on the floor, the study showed the dose equivalent to be greatest with the jaws closed. These data, most particularly concerning neutron distribution within the treatment room, are of great importance in making steps towards improving patient safety via the provision of protective measures.
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Jiang, Ping, Lanyu Zhao, and Zezhong Yao. "Budesonide/formoterol versus salmeterol/fluticasone for asthma in children: an effectiveness and safety analysis." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 17 (December 2021): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0142.
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Background: The efficacy of budesonide + formoterol therapy compared with high-dose salmeterol + fluticasone therapy plus short-acting β-agonist (SABA) has not been evaluated specifically in children. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide + formoterol combination therapy two times a day plus as needed compared with salmeterol + fluticasone two times a day plus SABA (as needed) in children in China. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 164 children with persistent asthma (aged 12–17 years) who had experienced a minimum of one asthma exacerbation in 12 months prior to the study. The primary outcome was the time to the first severe exacerbation. Results: Eighty-two children were assigned to each of two groups. The exacerbation rate per 100 patients per year was not found to be significantly different. The number of patients with hospitalization/emergency room therapy was lower in budesonide + formoterol group, but the risk difference was not statistically significant. Asthma control measures showed comparable effects. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the outcome measures between the groups. Budesonide + formoterol therapy is a favorable approach in terms of a low load of ICS, steroid exposure, need for multiple inhalers and cost.
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Li, Jingwen, Hanshu Liu, Chao Duan, Lan Chen, Qing Zhang, Xi Fang, Lei Tan, et al. "Prevention and Control of COVID-19 after Resuming General Hospital Functions." Pathogens 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040452.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, many general hospitals have been transformed into designated infectious disease care facilities, where a large number of patients with COVID-19 infections have been treated and discharged. With declines in the number of hospitalizations, a major question for our healthcare systems, especially for these designated facilities, is how to safely resume hospital function after these patients have been discharged. Here, we take a designated COVID-19-care facility in Wuhan, China, as an example to share our experience in resuming hospital function while ensuring the safety of patients and medical workers. After more than 1200 patients with COVID-19 infections were discharged in late March, 2020, our hospital resumed function by setting up a three-level hospital infection management system with four grades of risk of exposure. Moreover, we also took measures to ensure the safety of medical personnel in different departments including clinics, wards, and operation rooms. After all patients with COVID-19 infections were discharged, during the five months of regular function from April to September in 2020, no positive cases have been found among more than 40,000 people in our hospital, including hospital staff and patients.
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Zheng, Wenxiang, Yujie Guo, Guojun Zhi, Xiankai Bao, Ming Sun, Ruiping Ren, Zhijun Duan, and Zhendong Gao. "Stability Analysis and Control Measures of Large-Span Open-Off Cut with Argillaceous Cemented Sandstone Layered Roof." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8744081.
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This paper is based on the condition where layered argillaceous cemented sandstone as an engineering background is met by the No. 207 fully mechanized working face open-off cut (Wanli No. 1 Coal Mine). Through mechanical theory analysis and field practice, the engineering safety problem of the large-span argillaceous cemented sandstone layered open-off cut roof supporting structure was analyzed. The roof caving arch height of the open-off cut roadway in 207 working face was obtained based on the mechanical mechanism of instability and caving of the layered surrounding rock mass roof. The anchor cable suspension and bearing stability of the open-off cut roof were analyzed in terms of the layered beam structure model. Meanwhile, combining with conditions, reasonable and effective support countermeasures and key parameters are proposed for such open-off cut roadway and enhance the actual supporting engineering on-site. These research results could provide engineering reference for an open-off cut roadway with composite roof conditions featured to weak cementation and weak interlayer.
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Dalef, Huda Hatam, Faieza Abdul Aziz, Wan Zuha Wan Hasan, and Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin. "Development of Wireless Controlling and Monitoring System for Robotic Hand Using Zigbee Protocol." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7140.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the robotic arm is fast becoming the most popular robotic form used in the industry among others. Therefore, the issues regarding remote monitoring and controlling system are very important, which measures different environmental parameters at a distance away from the room and sets various condition for a desired environment through a wireless communication system operated from a central room. Thus, it is crucial to create a programming system which can control the movement of each part of the industrial robot in order to ensure it functions properly. EDARM ED-7100 is one of the simplest models of the robotic arm, which has a manual controller to control the movement of the robotic arm. In order to improve this control system, a new controller system was redesigned in this work by using Zigbee. It is a communication protocol for safety and economic data communication in an industrial field, where the wired communication is either expensive or difficult under physical and experimental conditions, such as the worker cannot recognize the error through the manufacturing process. Hence, this paper introduced a system that used microcontroller (AT89S52) with wireless devices (Zigbee) and sensors to control the robotic hand (EDARM ED-7100) and to monitor the information regarding the robot's parameter using WiFi technology. A mathematical model was derived through an empirical method to specify the robot's configuration changes. In this work, the ability of controlling system had increased, as well as hardware, while the necessities of other similar equipment for data communication were minimized. In addition, it presents the comparison of two controlling systems: using the Zigbee and without using it. Based from the experiment it can be safely concluded that the robotic arm's movement had followed a linear function.
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Haris, A., and Abdul Haris. "The Effectiveness of the Use of Nurse Safety Booklet on Nurse Knowledge in Ergonomic Injury Prevention in BIMA Hospital." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 4, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v4i2.578.
Full textAbstract:
Safety has become a global issue in various sectors, including the health services sector. The hospital is one of the health service organizations that is guided to continuously improve quality by building safer and safer health services so as to get customer loyalty. Hospital staff is a major component of quality management in one of the indicators in evaluating hospital accreditation. This research uses a quasi-experimental research design pre and posttest with control group. Quasi experiment research is a study that tests an intervention in a group of research subjects and then measures the results of the intervention. Samples in this study are all nurses who are in the room of the General Hospital, Surgery and ICU Bima Hospital, which are 50 people. The results showed the results of different tests using paired t-test p value = 0.000 which can be concluded that there are differences between the intervention group and the control group, seen from the value of the difference in the intervention group is greater than the difference in the control group can be interpreted as education using more booklets affect the increase in nurse knowledge. The conclusion in this study was that there were significant differences in nurses' knowledge after being given education using pre and post intervention booklets between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.000).
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Joung, Suckhwan, and Wonsin Oh. "Relationship between Designed Fire and Performance of Smoke-Control System in a Living Room." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.ce50ccb7.
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The effects of the size of a designed fire on the ventilation system of an adjacent zone is estimated in this study based on a visibility requirement of 5 m in a non-fire zone at 600 s after ignition. To verify the adequacy of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) input file, smoke movement and ceiling temperature under the hot smoke test conditions of AS4391-1999 were compared with those from the FDS results. The average temperatures measured at 12 locations were within the range of ± 2σ, with the exception of one point, and predicted smoke movement adequately. The size of the designed fire was analyzed in terms of the air volume conditions of the NFSC 501 for a heat release rate (HRR) of 1650 kW (air supply and exhaust at 45,000 cubic meters per hour (CMH)) as well as air volume conditions for a HRR of 1100 kW (air supply at 35,606 CMH and exhaust at 32,506 CMH). It was determined that one of the major factors influencing the required safety egress time was the mixture of downdraft airflow from the diffusers and smoke layer crossing the ventilation boundary.
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Erichsen Andersson, Annette, Wendy Gifford, and Kerstin Nilsson. "Improving care in surgery – a qualitative study of managers’ experiences of implementing evidence-based practice in the operating room." Journal of Hospital Administration 4, no. 4 (May 17, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v4n4p73.
Full textAbstract:
Background: More knowledge is needed on the preconditions and circumstances for leading implementation of evidence based practice in the operating room (OR). Effective leadership support is critical to enhance the provision of safer care. The aim of this study was to explore managers’ and clinical leaders’ experiences of implementing evidence-based practice to increase patient safety in the operating room.Methods: The study had a qualitative descriptive design. In all, 25 managers were interviewed, with different surgical specialities (orthopedics, general and pediatric surgery) and operating room suites, from eight hospitals and 15 departments.Results: The organizational structures were defined as key obstacles to implementation. Specifically, lack of a common platform for cooperation between managers from different departments, organizational levels and professional groups impeded the alignment of shared goals and directions. In cases where implementation was successful, well-functioning and supportive relationships between the managers from different professions and levels were crucial along with a strong sense of ownership and control over the implementation process. Whilst managers expressed the conviction that safety was an important issue that was supported by top management, the goal was usually to “get through” as many operations as possible. This created conflicts between either prioritizing implementation of safety measures or production goals, which sometimes led to decisions that were counter to evidence-based practice (EBP). While evidence was considered crucial in all implementation efforts, it might be neglected and mistrusted if hierarchical boundaries between professional subgroups were challenged, or if it concerned preventive innovations as opposed to technical innovations.Conclusions: The preconditions for implementing EBP in the OR are suboptimal; thus addressing leadership, organizational and interprofessional barriers are of vital importance.
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Sun, Wei. "Cleanroom Fan Energy Reduction—Airflow Control Retrofit Based on Continuous, Real-time Particle Sensing." Journal of the IEST 62, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-62.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cleanrooms are utilized in electronics, semiconductor, aerospace, pharmaceutical, automotive, optical, medical device, and food processing facilities where air cleanliness is required to prevent defects in high-tech or high-value products. Compared to general commercial space, cleanrooms typically use 5 to 50 times the energy for the same area. One key reason is the high volume of conditioned and filtered air required to make the room air cleaner, which is measured in room-average particle concentration. The technology in this study uses real-time continuous particle sensors as feedback signals to automatically adjust fan speed. The system can modulate fan speed and provide the correct amount of airflow into the cleanroom to prevent over-supply and save energy. In typical manufacturing cleanrooms, the unoccupied state (evenings and weekends) is approximately two times longer than the occupied state (operational work hours), and particle generation (from personnel, equipment, and process) is much lower during the unoccupied state. Limited components and parts are required to apply the technology in this study into the design of a new cleanroom or to integrate the technology into existing cleanroom fan systems.
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Wang, Jingyu, and Wen Zeng. "Research Progress on Humidity-Sensing Properties of Cu-Based Humidity Sensors: A Review." Journal of Sensors 2022 (May 25, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7749890.
Full textAbstract:
Novel humidity sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides with good humidity-sensing properties have attracted extensive attention, which due to their high sensitivity at room temperature, high safety, low hysteresis, and long-term stability. As a typical p-type semiconductor metal oxide, CuO is considered to be a high-performance moisture-sensitive material; however, with the development of production, the complex working environment has put forward higher requirements for its humidity sensitivity, especially sensitivity and stability. In this regard, workers around the world are working to improve the moisture-sensing properties of sensing elements. In this review, the humidity-sensing properties of CuO-based moisture-sensitive materials are comprehensively summarized, focusing on effective measures to improve the moisture-sensing properties of CuO-based moisture-sensitive materials, including surface modification and nanocomposites. The future research of semiconducting metal oxide humidity-sensitive materials is also prospected.
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Begum, Mahfuza, AS Mollah, MA Zaman, M. Haq, and AKM Mizanur Rahman. "A Study on Some Physical Parameters Related to Image Quality and Radiation Safety in Diagnostic Radiology." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 35, no. 1 (July 8, 2011): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7967.
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Different essential radiographic parameters were studied in order to assess radiographic image quality ensuring reduction of radiation exposure in some diagnostic X-ray facilities of Bangladesh. Different parameters for developing and fixing liquid were investigated in order to eliminate improper film processing techniques. General information about intensifying screen, radiography and mammography film was also collected. X-ray tube voltage, output radiation dose and exposure time for diagnostic X-ray machines were tested to achieve significant dose reduction without loss of diagnostic information. It is found that output radiation dose varies in different diagnostic X-ray installations. 70% X-ray installations achieve the recommended value for tube voltage while 87.5% measure the exposure time appropriately. Radiation dose level at patient waiting room, dark room and around control panel was also measured. About 92.5, 85 and 77.5% installations show their results within the acceptance limit at these positions respectively which provide radiation safety for patients, workers and public in diagnostic radiology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7967Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 7-17, 2011
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Greenhalgh, Trisha, Aris Katzourakis, Tristram D. Wyatt, and Stephen Griffin. "Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)." Wellcome Open Research 6 (October 20, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17270.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective. Conclusions: The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.
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Greenhalgh, Trisha, Aris Katzourakis, Tristram D. Wyatt, and Stephen Griffin. "Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 5, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17270.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces, especially among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There was no evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are effective. Conclusions: The above evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Those seeking to provide a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform their efforts.
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Fu, Qiang, Ke Yang, Xiang He, Zhen Wei, and Qinggan Yang. "Characteristics of Strata Behavior and Differentiated Control of Fully Mechanized Mining Working Face with Abnormal Roof." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013354.
Full textAbstract:
The roof control of a fully mechanized mining face has a significant impact on coal extraction. Therefore, information about strata behavior and differentiated control measures for abnormal roofs are needed. In the present research, we used the ground pressure theory to calculate the interval of the first and periodic weighting of working faces 11113, 11213, and 11313 in the Panbei mine. The maximum support working resistance required by the three working faces was calculated considering the influence of the hard roof, fault zone, and skip mining mode on the relationship between support–surrounding rock. In addition, we determined the hydraulic support for the three working faces taking into account the impact of roof lithology on ground pressure, as well as the layout and mining sequence of the working face. In order to ensure the safety of the working face mining, we implemented the laying mesh method, controlling the roof, providing side protection in the fault-affected area, and using the violent ground pressure control method for advanced deep hole pre-split blasting under hard roof conditions. The engineering practice showed that the effective control of roof ground pressure in abnormal areas was achieved using these control measures.
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Yu, Wenhong, Qinghua Liu, Kuan Wang, and Yue Zhao. "Research on Thermal and Humidity Environment of Cultural Relics Exhibition Room." E3S Web of Conferences 369 (2023): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336901012.
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In order to meet the needs of humanistic education, museum buildings have developed vigorously in recent years. The protection and display of cultural relics is an effective way to continue historical information, which has important social and cultural significance. During the design and operation of the building air conditioning system, both the thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room should be responsible for the safety of the displayed cultural relics and the thermal comfort of visitors should be considered. In this paper, the indoor thermal and humidity environment of a cultural relic exhibition room in Beijing was measured, and the indoor air velocity distribution and temperature and humidity distribution were obtained. The results show that the thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room is better, but the indoor temperature of the exhibition room is lower, which still has great energy saving potential. It needs to be improved in the future engineering practice to achieve double optimization of comfort and energy saving effect. In order to achieve accurate control of the indoor thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room, we built a data collection for thermal environment parameters and air quality, which is used for monitoring and data collection of the cultural relics exhibition room.
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Ye, Hong, Dan Xin, and Xuefei Hu. "The Nursing Effect of PRECEDE Management on Occupational Exposure to Surgical Smoke: Based on a Randomized Controlled Study." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (May 20, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8610517.
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Background. Occupational exposure seriously threatens the physical and mental health of professionals and has become an important public health problem. In clinical medical and nursing work, medical staff, especially nursing staff, are faced with the status quo of occupational exposure with high risk, serious harm, and severe situation. Therefore, a sound management system must be established to control the occupational exposure of nurses. Aims. According to the PRECEDE management model, evaluate the operating room nurses’ knowledge, belief, and behavior scores on the protection of surgical smoke, understand their awareness of surgical smoke and the current status of protection, improve the mastery rate and protection compliance of surgical smoke-related knowledge in the operating room, reduce the harm of surgical smoke to the human body, and provide a basis for smoke protection.Materials and methods. 125 doctors working in the operating room of our hospital were selected as the control group of this study, and 112 nonsmoke-exposed nurses working in the operating room of our hospital were selected as the observation group. The nurses’ knowledge-belief behavior scores and self-evaluation scores of smoke influence were counted before and after the intervention in the operating room. SPSS25.0 was used to process the data. Tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to compare the effects before and after intervention. Results. After one month of intervention, the knowledge scores of nurses in the operating room on the protection of surgical smoke increased significantly, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05 ); the scores of related concepts, physical properties, chemical properties, and authoritative protection standards increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant increase in the scores of smoke hazards ( P > 0.05 ); the attitude of smoke protection increased significantly, which was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ); and the behavior compliance of smoke protection was significantly increased, which was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). After one month of intervention, the self-evaluation score of smoke effect of operating room nurses decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The data was analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The knowledge of surgical smoke ( F = 65.570 , P < 0.001 ), attitude ( F = 78.307 , P < 0.001 ), and behavior ( F = 403.015 , P < 0.001 ) scores gradually increased. The observation group’s total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the proportion of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher than that of the control group, and the proportion of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . Conclusion. After the intervention of operating room nurses under the guidance of PRECEDE management mode, the theoretical knowledge of operating room nurses is effectively improved, the operations are standardized, the self-evaluation scores of smoke influence are reduced, and the safety level of operating room is improved. More importantly, the health of nursing staff is fully guaranteed.
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Widiasari, Cyntia, Ryan Pratama, and Wiwin Styorini. "Sistem Pengontrolan dan Monitoring Budidaya Sarang Burung Walet Berbasis Android." Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan (ELEMENTER), Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021) (November 30, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v7i2.4760.
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In the cultivation of swallow nests, swallow breeders experience problems, especially in maintaining the temperature and humidity of the room in the wallet bird house. Swallow breeders must be able to maintain a stable temperature and humidity and maintain the safety of the swallow from owl pests. When the temperature is hot, the swallow room will become dry so that the nest becomes damaged and the swallow feels uncomfortable living in the nest. Based on this, a control and monitoring system for swallow nest cultivation based on Android was created. This system can help reduce the temperature and humidity in the swallow nest room using a dew machine that works automatically and the swallow room door can open/close automatically using an application on a smartphone. This system can work well if given a supply voltage of AC220V and DC12V. The dew machine will work (ON) if the temperature is above 29°C or the humidity is less than 70%. The sensor read data will be sent by the NodeMCU to the blynk server and displayed on the smartphone. The swallow room door can be opened or closed based on the light intensity value measured on the LDR sensor which is then sent to the NodeMCU to drive the motor driver and stepper motor. With this system, farmers are expected to be able to monitor and control the condition of swallow’s nests using the blynk application on smartphones in real time.
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Tomita, Ryuta. "Research work of Prof. Tomita, including: 1. Examination of environmental vibration measurement using vibration control rubber on carpet. 2. Measures against floor impact sound by heavy-impact source using storage furniture with tatami. 3. Study on tatami mat considering safety when falling in case of falling collision and sound insulation performance. 4. Research on evaluation method and evaluation rank for vertical vibration." Impact 2020, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.4.15.
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A tatami is a type of mat used as a floor material in many rooms in Japan. They are also used in training rooms, such as in a dojo or martial arts, and are often covered with woven straw. Tatami mats were used as flooring materials for buildings in the Kamakura period (c. 1185) and have a long history. Tatami is often used in the Japanese-style room of today's homes. Generally, tatami mats are 55 mm thick; some mats are made of mostly straw and some made of insulation board and extruded polystyrene foam. The surface of both types of mats is covered with tatami facing. More recently, tatami mats made of insulation board and extruded polystyrene foam are used in homes. Despite their presence in Japanese buildings, there are several problems associated with tatami mats and other floor materials. One of the potential problems concerns the safety of individuals who fall on the mats, while another is the sound created by impact on the mats, such as when people walk or run across them. Research is underway to find effective ways of improving the sound insulation performance of floor materials at the same time as considering the safety of the inhabitants of the buildings with the mats in them. One team, which is investigating means of improving tatami mats and the materials used to build them, is based at the College of Science and Technology in Nihon University, Japan. Led by Professor Ryuta Tomita, the team is engaged with several projects revolving around overcoming heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance and safety of individuals who fall on tatami mats.
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Xia, Hong Chun, Ru Nan Zhang, and Wei Li. "Research on Surrounding Rock Control Technology in Two Hard Fully Mechanized Coal Mining." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.343.
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The coal 8210 big mining height of the Datong mine Jin hua gong face in the process of mining airport coal pillar fried state a, floor deformation intense, serious kick drum, eventually leading to rock failure .In the severe cases, easily induced by shock pressure and other disasters ,these have serious impact on the efficient production of face security in the large mining height. by the airport side of roadway roof pressure relief, combined with roadway bolting reinforcement technology effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway, Test results show that the security measures taken can meet the well production safety requirements.
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RODRÍGUEZ, M., A. VALERO, G. D. POSADA-IZQUIERDO, E. CARRASCO, and G. ZURERA. "Evaluation of Food Handler Practices and Microbiological Status of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Andalusia Region of Spain." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-468.
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Food safety measures in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are being improved by the introduction of quality control management systems during food production and by the implementation of good manufacturing practices. This study was conducted in LTCFs (geriatric homes) in Andalusia, Spain, during 2008 and 2009 to evaluate sanitary conditions and the microbiological quality and safety of salads and cooked meat products served. A regulation-based checklist was applied to the evaluated centers. Samples of ready-to-eat foods (n =60) were examined for mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), total coliforms, coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella. In parallel, food contact surfaces (working tables, cutting boards, sinks, and faucets) were swabbed and analyzed for MAB and Enterobacteriaceae. The air quality in processing rooms, near sinks, and in canteens also was measured through an active air sampling method for MAB and Staphyloccocus spp. The results obtained revealed some deficiencies regarding handling practices and sanitary conditions tested (i.e., use and change of gloves, hand washing, and cleanliness of work surfaces). The microbial safety of foods examined indicated the absence of pathogens. Average levels of coagulase-positive staphylococci were below 102 CFU/g, and prevalence of E. coli was 6.3% in samples collected. Surface counts were higher on cutting boards and faucets, indicating insufficient cleanliness procedures. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the sanitary conditions of food service systems in LTCF, and this information can help risk managers to better define control measures needed to prevent foodborne infections.
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Wang, Sheng-Hui, Yi Gong, Qi Tong, Xiao-Lei Yang, Jia-Hao Shen, and Zhen-Guo Yang. "Failure Analysis and Prevention of Extraction Column for Methyl Methacrylate Production: Application of the ‘Safety Design’ Concept." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154234.
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To ensure safety and prevent failure of engineering equipment throughout its lifespan, the concept of ‘Safety Design’ is proposed, which covers all the cradle-to-grave phases of engineering equipment, considers at least ten essential factors of failure causes, and conducts root cause analysis at three different scales, in order to proactively control the safety risks before the occurrence of failure rather than passively conduct the remedial measures after failure. Herein, in order to demonstrate how to implement this effective and efficient concept in engineering practice, a case study of failure analysis and prevention is addressed on the extraction column in the production line for methyl methacrylate. Based on the analysis results, the causes were finally determined to be all derived from the stages before operation, including inappropriate design, limited quality inspection of fabrication and installation. Pertinent countermeasures were then proposed from the ‘Safety Design’ point of view, which would not only solve the failure problem for this sole equipment but also contribute to safety risk control of other engineering equipment before operation.
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Qu, Zhi Ming. "Study on Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Smoke Flow during Gas Explosion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.125.
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In most cases, high gas concentration and oxygen consumption result in severe hypoxia after explosion. When the ventilation system is damaged, the air volume will be re-distributed so that explosion region is lack of oxygen. However, under mechanical ventilation and self-diffusion, the high temperature and toxic and harmful gases will constantly spread downwind of the roadway or certain areas, which threatens substations, winch room and workers’ escape. If the hot gas meets with gas concentration overrun areas or the coal dust explosion hazardous area, secondary disasters such as fire or explosion may be caused. Numerical simulation shows that high temperature, toxic and harmful gas will be disseminated. In conclusion, measures must be taken to withdraw the workers and to restore ventilation to prevent secondary disasters. If the gas explosion power is increased, the safety nearby working face would be threatened. To control and reduce the extent of gas explosion hazards and losses, a reasonable gas explosion disaster prevention and treatment plan should be established.
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DE SADELEER, Nicolas, and Jacques GODFROID. "The Story behind COVID-19: Animal Diseases at the Crossroads of Wildlife, Livestock and Human Health." European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.45.
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A number of virological, epidemiological and ethnographic arguments suggest that COVID-19 has a zoonotic origin. The pangolin, a species threatened with extinction due to poaching for both culinary purposes and traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia, is now suspected of being the “missing link” in the transmission to humans of a virus that probably originated in a species of bat. Our predation of wild fauna and the reduction in their habitats have thus ended up creating new interfaces that favour the transmission of pathogens (mainly viruses) to humans. Domesticated animals and wild fauna thus constitute a reservoir for almost 80% of emerging human diseases (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola). These diseases are all zoonotic in origin. As if out of a Chinese fairy tale, the bat and the pangolin have taught us a lesson: within an increasingly interdependent world, environmental crises will become ever more intertwined with health crises. Questions relating to public health will no longer be confined to the secrecy of the physician’s consulting room or the sanitised environment of the hospital. They are now being played out in the arena of international trade, ports and airports and distribution networks. Simply put, all human activity creates new interfaces that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from an animal reservoir to humans. This pluri-disciplinary article highlights that environmental changes, such as the reduction in habitats for wild fauna and the intemperate trade in fauna, are the biggest causes of the emergence of new diseases. Against this background, it reviews the different measures taken to control, eradicate and prevent the emergence of animal diseases in a globalised world.
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VO, THUAN HUU, DAT VAN NGUYEN, LOAN THI KIM LE, LAN TRONG PHAN, J. PEKKA NUORTI, and NGUYEN NHU TRAN MINH. "Applying Standard Epidemiological Methods for Investigating Foodborne Disease Outbreak in Resource-Poor Settings: Lessons from Vietnam." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 1229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-519.
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An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among workers of company X after eating lunch prepared by a catering service. Of 430 workers attending the meal, 56 were hospitalized with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea, according to the initial report. We conducted an investigation to identify the extent, vehicle, and source of the outbreak. In our case-control study, a case was a worker who attended the meal and who was hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis; controls were randomly selected from non-ill workers. Cases and controls were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the consumption of food items. Catering service facilities and food handlers working for the service were inspected. Food samples from the catering service were tested at reference laboratories. Of hospitalized cases, 54 fulfilled the case definition, but no stool specimens were collected for laboratory testing. Of four food items served during lunch, only “squash and pork soup” was significantly associated with gastroenteritis, with an adjusted odds ratio of 9.5 (95% CI 3.2, 27.7). The caterer did not separate cooked from raw foods but used the same counter for both. Cooked foods were kept at room temperature for about 4 h before serving. Four of 14 food handlers were not trained on basic food safety principles and did not have health certificates. Although no microbiological confirmation was obtained, our epidemiological investigation suggested that squash and pork soup caused the outbreak. Hospitals should be instructed to obtain stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis. Food catering services should be educated in basic food safety measures.
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Yang, Jiahao, Fan Zhou, Weixing Wu, Jun Zhang, Shaoqiang Chen, and Genmin Zhu. "Analysis of hidden safety hazards and treatment suggestions when the floating roof of oil storage tanks falls to the bottom." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701019.
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In the actual production and operation of enterprises, it is sometimes inevitable that the floating roof will fall to the bottom. This paper calculates the explosion limit of the mixture of oil gas under the floating roof, and confirms that the concentration of oil gas will be within the explosion limit under certain circumstances. Through the monitoring and analysis of the oil-gas mixing space below the floating roof, corresponding control measures are proposed to deal with the potential safety hazards of the floating plate falling to the bottom.
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Dinas, Konstantinos, Eleftherios Vavoulidis, Georgios Chrysostomos Pratilas, Kimon Chatzistamatiou, Alexandros Basonidis, Alexandros Sotiriadis, Leonidas Zepiridis, et al. "Gynecology healthcare professionals towards safety procedures in operation rooms aiming to enhanced quality of medical services in Greece." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-02-2018-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Greece toward safety practices in gynecological Operation Rooms (ORs). Design/methodology/approach An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to surgical personnel asking for opinions on safety practices during vaginal deliveries (VDs) and gynecological operations (e.g. sponge/suture counting, counting documentation, etc.). The study took place in Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki including 227 participants. The team assessed and statistically analyzed the questionnaires. Findings Attitude toward surgical counts and counting documentation, awareness of existence and/or implementation in their workplace of other surgical safety objectives (e.g. WHO safety control list) was assessed. In total, 85.2 percent considered that surgical counting after VDs is essential and 84.9 percent admitted doing so, while far less reported counting documentation as a common practice in their workplace and admitted doing so themselves (50.5/63.3 percent). Furthermore, while 86.5 percent considered a documented protocol as necessary, only 53.9 percent admitted its implementation in their workplace. Remarkably, 53.1 percent were unaware of the WHO safety control list for gynecological surgeries. Originality/value Most Greek healthcare professionals are well aware of the significance of surgical counting and counting documentation in gynecology ORs. However, specific tasks and assignments are unclear to them. Greek healthcare professionals consider surgical safety measures as important but there is a critical gap in knowledge when it comes to responsibilities and standardized processes during implementation. More effective implementation and increased personnel awareness of the surgical safety protocols and international guidelines are necessary for enhanced quality of surgical safety in Greece.
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Szurgacz, Dawid. "Analysis characteristics determination of electrohydraulic control system operation to reduce the operation time of a powered roof support." E3S Web of Conferences 29 (2018): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182900007.
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The article discusses basic functions of a powered roof support in a longwall unit. The support function is to provide safety by protecting mine workings against uncontrolled falling of rocks. The subject of the research includes the measures to shorten the time of roof support shifting. The roof support is adapted to transfer, in hazard conditions of rock mass tremors, dynamic loads caused by mining exploitation. The article presents preliminary research results on the time reduction of the unit advance to increase the extraction process and thus reduce operating costs. Conducted stand tests showed the ability to increase the flow for 3/2-way valve cartridges. The level of fluid flowing through the cartridges is adequate to control individual actuators.
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Moghadam, Seedreza J., SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Omid Dadras, Zoha Ali, Seyed Y. Mojtahedi, Fariba Amini, and Mona Mohammadifirouzeh. "Determinants of Needle Stick Injuries Among Healthcare Providers at a Tehran University Hospital in 2016: A Descriptive Report." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 5 (December 9, 2020): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666191009153027.
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Background: Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) are the most common occupational injuries among HCWs. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and distribution of determinants for such injuries in a university hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Ziaeian Hospital, a teaching hospital of Tehran University. The medical records of 55 Health Care Workers (HCWs) who experienced NSIs in 2016, were extracted from the hospital registry and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Available data of 55 HCWs with a history of NSIs were extracted from the hospital registry. The highest number of NSIs belonged to registered nurses (34.6%), licensed practical nurses (14.5%) and medical doctors (12.7%), respectively. The majority of the NSIs occurred in the morning shift (50.9%) followed by night shift (36.4%) and evening shift (12.7%). Most of the NSIs occurred in the emergency department (38.1%) and operating room (18.2%). The healthcare workers reported fatigue as the most common reason for being injured by needles (67.4%). All the HCWs were trained and familiarized with the safety and risk control measures after needle stick exposures in the hospital. Conclusion: The present study described the determinants of NSIs among HCWs in a university hospital. The fatigue and working overload were the main reasons for NSIs. The results of this study could be used to address the shortcoming in the guidelines and protocols to ensure the sustainable safety measures that could reduce the occurrence of the NSIs in hospitals in Iran.
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Ashtekar, Dilip. "Strategies for the Control of Visible Particles in Sterile Devices." Journal of the IEST 64, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-64.1.1.
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Abstract Currently, limited guidance is available for the contamination control of visible particles for the manufacture of sterile devices; thus, a comprehensive guidance is warranted. Sterile devices require stringent control of visible particulates to ensure proper functionality, performance assurance of sterility, reliability, patient safety, efficacy, and product quality. This paper outlines practical and science-based strategies to prevent/minimize visible particle contamination from non-process related extrinsic and process related intrinsic sources. Witness plates are proposed as a comprehensive strategy for the real time detection of visible particles, sources of extrinsic and intrinsic visible particles, and methods to identify particle types. Implementing the control measures described herein, which include air ionization units for the control and neutralization of static charges, would maximize device yield and quality, thus reducing rework and leading to increased profitability. Installing validated air ionization systems at appropriate manufacturing and processing locations, storage, product transfer areas, and gown-up rooms can significantly reduce visible particle contamination accumulation, dispersion, and yield losses. Implementing effective material transfer practices can further minimize the risk of introduction of unwanted particles and particle dispersion within classified areas. Also described are additional control measures, such as material systems and supply chain controls, good facility design, gowning practices, manufacturing equipment and tool controls, and manual visual inspections which would further contribute to the overall reduction of particle burden. Crucial elements of an effective particle removal process are the dry and wet cleaning processes and the facility surveillance program. Process-product-particle traceability matrices can serve as effective tools to promptly identify trends and reduce device conformity defects. For this paper, the meaning of the term particle only includes particulates and particulate matter. Microbial contamination control approaches, including facility decontamination, are outside the scope of this paper.
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Szewczak, Kamil, and Slawomir Jednorog. "Occupational exposure to Am-Be neutron calibration source mounted in OB26 shielding container." Nukleonika 59, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2014-0016.
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Abstract Laboratory for Dosimetric and Radon Instruments Calibration which is a part of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLRP) in Warsaw is equipped with 241Am-Be neutron calibration source with activity of 185 GBq since 1999. The capsule was mounted in the OB26 type shielding container. The control room is separated from the above source by a concrete wall of 0.5 m in thickness. The calibration hall is adjacent to one side of the offi ce room. To comply with the requirements of the radiological protection system, the occupational exposure of persons that are working both in the offi ce and control room needs to be assessed. Two methods were involved for ambient dose equivalent rate determination. The active instrument measurements (AIMs) performed with the Berthold LB6411 neutron probe and the Monte Carlo simulation method (MCS) based on MCNP5 code. These estimations were completed for fi ve reference points. Additionally the γ radiation component was measured by RSS131 ionisation chamber. An increased value of the ambient dose equivalent rate from neutrons was observed in two reference positions. The fi rst observation was done in the control room while the second one in the offi ce room. Expected individual dose equivalents were evaluated based on the results of the AIM and on the expected working time in particular reference points. The annual individual dose equivalent associated with calibration activities using mentioned neutron source was estimated at maximum 0.8 mSv.
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Serwint, Janet R., Modena E. H. Wilson, Judith W. Vogelhut, John T. Repke, and Henry M. Seidel. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Pediatric Visits for Urban, Low-income Families." Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1069.
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Background. Prenatal pediatric visits have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to allow the pediatrician to counsel parents on infant care issues, establish a supportive relationship, and provide pediatric practice information to parents. We hypothesized that prenatal pediatric visits would have an impact on breastfeeding decisions, health care behaviors, health care utilization, and the doctor-patient relationship. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of prenatal pediatric visits for urban, low-income families to measure the impact on breastfeeding decisions, infant car safety seat use, circumcision, health maintenance, and emergency room visits and the pediatrician's perception that he/she would know the mother better. Pregnant women were recruited prenatally from the obstetrics clinic. Outcomes were measured by maternal interview prenatally and when the infant was 2 months old, in addition to review of the nursery record. Physicians were interviewed after the 2-month visit. Health care utilization was measured by chart review at 7 months. Results. A total of 156 pregnant women were enrolled and randomized, 81 to the intervention group and 75 to the control group. Of mothers who breastfed, 45% in the intervention group changed their mind in favor of breastfeeding after enrollment compared with 14% in the control group. Mothers in the intervention group compared with the control group were more likely to make fewer emergency room visits, 0.58 compared with 1.0. Pediatricians were more likely to think that they knew mothers in the intervention group well, 54% versus 29% in the control group, yet 67% of mothers in both groups agreed their pediatrician knew them well. There were no differences between groups in initiation or duration of breastfeeding at 30 or 60 days, infant car safety seat use, circumcision, or health maintenance visits. Conclusions. Prenatal pediatric visits have potential impact on a variety of health care outcomes. Among urban, low-income mothers, we found beneficial effects on breastfeeding decisions, a decrease in emergency department visits, and an initial impact on the doctor-patient relationship. We suggest urban practices actively promote prenatal pediatric visits.
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Nkwana, Mokata Johannes, and Muzukhona Buthelezi. "Safety Of Public Hospitals In South Africa." Security science journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.3.2.1.
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Public hospitals are regularly confronted by safety and security breaches that expose employees, patients, and visitors to serious and violent crimes such as assault, rape, murder and theft. Furthermore, assets such as computer equipment, medical files, medical equipment, and medicines are frequently stolen from state hospitals. This paper is aimed at is aimed at identifying security gaps and shortcomings in the provision of security services so that recommendations can be formulated to address the assessed risks and other threats. Furthermore, the paper described the effectiveness of safety and security measures that are currently employed in public hospitals. A qualitative study was conducted at five public hospitals in the province of Gauteng. Data was collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 30 key participants who were selected through purposive sampling. Additionally, safety and security documents were analysed, followed by observation of security personnel in the control rooms. The research confirmed that inadequate security systems regarding perimeter fences, closed‑circuit television and trained security personnel at the research sites made it difficult to deter, detect and detain perpetrators. Furthermore, the use of a Security Risk Management Model developed specifically for public hospitals during this research is recommended.
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Miles, Jeffrey, Shawn Lawrence Bailey, Lydia Fang, Barbara Osborne, Jill Corson, Johnathan P. Mack, and Moritz Stolla. "Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Cold-Stored Platelets in Healthy Human Subjects Treated with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124122.
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Background: Platelets are currently stored at 22°C (room temperature-stored) for clinical purposes. This approach has numerous downsides including limited storage time due to risk of bacterial growth, and increased costs caused by bacterial testing or pathogen reduction. Platelets stored at 4ºC (cold-stored) were the standard of care in the 1960s and 70s, and while they generally perform better than room temperature-stored platelets in in vitro assays, functional studies in vivo have yielded contradictory results. Methods: Eight healthy human participants were included in the analysis of this randomized, cross-over study. A double unit of apheresis platelets was collected from each subject for autologous transfusion. Platelets were stored for 5 days at either 4ºC, or 22ºC, based on randomization. On day 5, platelets were transfused 12-24 hours after participants received a loading dose of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. An array of platelet function testing was done at baseline, after loading dose, and after transfusion (1h, 4h, 24h). The first round was followed by a wash-out period of at least 10 days, and a second sequence of collection, antiplatelet loading dose, and transfusion with platelets stored under alternate conditions from the first sequence. The primary endpoint was defined as post-transfusion platelet αIIbβ3 integrin activation in response to agonists for pathways inhibited by dual antiplatelet therapy, measured by the VerifyNOW assay. Secondary endpoints included platelet function testing by bleeding time, VASP-phosphorylation, light transmission aggregometry, and flow cytometric analysis of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α-granule secretion. Results: All cold-stored platelet units passed quality control analyses, and no platelet aggregates were observed at the end of the storage period. One room temperature-stored unit had to be discarded due to quality control failure. Transfusion of a double unit with 5 day cold-stored platelets was tolerated well by all recipients. The absolute number of transfused platelets did not differ significantly between the cold-storage arm and the room temperature storage arm. The corrected count increment did not differ significantly at 1h after transfusion, but was significantly lower in the cold-stored group at the 4h, and 24h time points. The primary endpoint, platelet function testing by VerifyNOW, showed reversal of the effect of acetylsalicylic acid with both products at 1h and 4h post transfusion, but platelet inhibition re-appeared after 24h post transfusion in the cold-storage arm, presumably due to accelerated clearance of cold-stored platelets. No significant differences were observed between the two products in the VerifyNOW assay for clopidogrel. The bleeding time (a secondary endpoint) did not differ significantly at any time point between the cold-stored and room temperature-stored transfusion group. However, the bleeding time improved or remained unchanged in all recipients transfused with room temperature-stored platelets, whereas, transfusion of cold-stored platelets caused prolongation of the bleeding time in 50% of recipients. Surprisingly, platelets isolated from recipients of room temperature-stored platelets aggregated significantly better in response to collagen compared to platelets isolated from recipients of cold-stored platelets at 1h and 4h post transfusion. Other secondary endpoints, including VASP-phosphorylation, αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α-granule secretion by flow cytometry, and platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid and ADP did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: We report the first safety and efficacy data of 5 day cold stored platelets in plasma. Unexpectedly, some endpoints demonstrate agonist- and assay-dependent inferiority of cold-stored platelets at early and late time points. Further studies are needed to determine the maximum storage time, and the efficacy of cold-stored platelets in actively bleeding patients and patients with platelet dysfunction. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.