Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Control room safety measures'
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Fraher, Richard Louis. "Optimizing roof control using probabilistic techniques in roof failure prediction." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020200/.
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Zhao, Dong. "Exploring Construction Safety and Control Measures through Electrical Fatalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71712.
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Globally, construction is considered a hazardous industry with a disproportionate amount of fatal and non-fatal injuries as compared to other industries. Electrocution is named as one of the "fatal four" causes for construction injuries by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In the United States, an average of 47.9% electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry from 2003 to 2012, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. These fatalities include both electrical workers and non-electrical workers. Such a disproportionate rate suggests a need of research to improve construction safety and reduce injuries due to electrocution. However, there is a lack of understanding of causation mechanisms surrounding fatal accidents by electrocution using a systems approach; and there is a disconnection between the mechanism of fatal electrocution accidents and the associated control measures, which may lead to less effective prevention in construction.
This dissertation has three objectives, including: (a) establishing a sociotechnical system model that reflects the electrocution occurrence in the U.S. construction industry and identify the associations among its internal subsystems; (b) determining specific electrocution patterns and associated mechanism constraints; and (c) examining hierarchy of control (HOC) measures and determining their appropriateness.
Findings from his research include: (a) the identification of three system patterns of electrocution in construction work systems and the associations between personnel, technological, organizational/managerial subsystems, and the internal and external environment for each of the three patterns, using a macroergonomics framework; (b) the identification of five features of work, and map out their decision-making chains, critical decision-making points and constraints, as an interpretation of electrocution mechanisms in the workplace; and (c) revealing that behavioral controls remain prevalent in electrical hazard mitigation even though the knowledge of construction safety and health has increased in the past decades, and that the effectiveness of controls is not statistically different by construction type nor occupation.
Based on these findings, the research also suggests corresponding mitigation recommendations that construction managers shall strictly follow HOC rules by giving priority to higher level of controls and upgrading the industry's prevention strategy by introducing more technological innovations and encouraging prevention through design (PtD) strategies.Ph. D.
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Fulcher, TJ. "The development of an interlock and control system for a clinical proton therapy system." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1483.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1995The development of a 200 MeV clinical proton therapy facility at the National Accelerator Centre required an interlock and control system to supervise the delivery of radiation to a patient. The interlock and control system is responsible for ensunng that nobody enters the treatment vault during an irradiation, the extraction of the beamstop devices 'from the beam-line to allow the irradiation of the patient and the insertion of those beam-stop devices when an error condition is detected. Because of its nature, the interlock and control system should be designed so that in the event of an error condition being detected, it should fail to a safe state. This is achieved by modelling the interlock and control system with an appropriate modeling method. This thesis describes a graphical modelling method called Petri-nets, which was used to model the system, and the software developed from the model.
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Norris, Shaun Peter. "The adequacy of traffic control measures during road works." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11520.
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Workers have the right to a safe working environment. This right is encapsulated in the Bill of Rights (1996) wherein strong emphasis is placed on the right to a healthy and safe work environment. The construction industry has been labeled as dangerous owing to regular incidents, serious accidents, and fatalities. Road workers’ safety is at high risk in road construction areas, as they perform their work activities alongside moving vehicles that are often large and sometimes moving at high speed. It was determined that very few secondary sources provided information regarding the safety of South African road construction workers. Therefore, the knowledge obtained from this study contributes to the body of knowledge on the subject matter. To collect data, three descriptive surveys were conducted on two different road construction projects within the Eastern Cape. The survey participants included engineering consultants, contractors, traffic safety officers, general road construction workers, as well as random motorists driving through the work zone. Further data was collected from a speed measuring instrument placed in the work zone of the Port Elizabeth. The findings of this research report indicate that road users are not cognizant of the risk to workers in the work zone and that signage and advance warning signs alone are not sufficient to slow motorists’ speed. A further significant threat to road worker safety, is plant operator visibility. This study recommends that government and construction firms educate the public regarding the risks associated with speeding through a work zone. Construction firms should use electronic speed measuring devices prior to the work zone to make road users aware of their speed in relation to the speed limit. To limit plant related accidents, companies should install sensors or cameras on the rear and side panels of plant, so that plant operators have all round vision. Furthermore, road workers could be educated on the controlled use of their mobile phones to reduce the risks associated with the use of mobile phones inside work zones.
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Guan, Wenyang. "Adaptive QoS control of DSRC vehicle networks for collaborative vehicle safety applications." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42507.
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Road traffic safety has been a subject of worldwide concern. Dedicated short range communications (DSRC) is widely regarded as a promising enabling technology for collaborative safety applications (CSA), which can provide robust communication and affordable performance to build large scale CSA system. The main focus of this thesis is to develop solutions for DSRC QoS control in order to provide robust QoS support for CSA. The first design objective is to ensure robust and reliable message delivery services for safety applications from the DSRC networks. As the spectrum resources allocated to DSRC network are expected to be shared by both safety and non-safety applications, the second design objective is to make QoS control schemes bandwidth-efficient in order to leave as much as possible bandwidth for non-safety applications. The first part of the thesis investigates QoS control in infrastructure based DSRC networks, where roadside access points (AP) are available to control QoS control at road intersections. After analyse DSRC network capabilities on QoS provisioning without congestion control, we propose a two-phases adaptive QoS control method for DSRC vehicle networks. In the first phase an offline simulation based approach is used to and out the best possible system configurations (e.g. message rate and transmit power) with given numbers of vehicles and QoS requirements. It is noted that with different utility functions the values of optimal parameters proposed by the two phases centralized QoS control scheme will be different. The conclusions obtained with the proposed scheme are dependent on the chosen utility functions. But the proposed two phases centralized QoS control scheme is general and is applicable to different utility functions. In the second phase, these configurations are used online by roadside AP adaptively according to dynamic traffic loads. The second part of the thesis is focused on distributed QoS control for DSRC networks. A framework of collaborative QoS control is proposed, following which we utilize the local channel busy time as the indicator of network congestion and adaptively adjust safety message rate by a modified additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AIMD) method in a distributed way. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed QoS control schemes.
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Mowrey, James A. "Control system modeling for a boiling water reactor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17083.
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Salikin, Md Saion. "An improved system of damage limitation for better risk control in radiological protection near environmental level." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13372.
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In radiological protection, models are used to assess radiation risk by means of extrapolation from high dose and dose rate to low dose and dose rate. In this thesis five main biophysical models of radiation action have been evaluated, appraised and inter-compared. The five models are lethal and potentially lethal (LPL) by Curtis, pairwise lesion interaction (PLI) by Harder, cellular track structure (CTS) by Katz, hit size effectiveness (HSE) by Bond and Varma and track core (TC) by Watt. Each model has been developed based on certain underlying mechanisms or phenomena, to permit interpretation and prediction on the induction of a specified biological endpoint such as cell reproductive death, chromosome aberrations and mutations. Biological systems of interest are, for example, mammalian cells containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Evidence is mounting that double strand breaks in the DNA are the critical lesions for various biological end points. To proceed with this work the TC model has been chosen. Cancer induction by ionising radiation is the stochastic effect of prime concern in radiological protection. Cancer induction cannot be avoided entirely but its frequency of occurrence may be reduced to acceptable level by lowering the amount of radiation received. The methods of assessment developed by ICRP, in terms of the cancer risk coefficients, are presented in this thesis. In the conventional (legal) system of dosimetry, radiation is quantified by the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue. Quality factors, superseded by radiation weighting factors, are needed to account for the quality dependence on radiation type. As an alternative, a new dosimetry system is proposed here which is based on the mean free path for primary ionisation along particle tracks and the integral fluence generated by the radiation field, whether directly or indirectly ionising radiation. From the study of cellular data, the mean free path for primary ionisation along particle tracks (lambda) emerges as a parameter which best unifies biological damage data. Radiation effect is found to depend, not on the energy transferred but to depend mainly on the frequency and spatial correlation of interactions. Maximum effect occurs when lambda is equal to lambda0 (2 nanometre, nm). The term 'Absolute Biological Effectiveness' (ABE) is introduced as a parameter which indicates the probability to induce a specified effect, per unit incident fluence. In this endeavour, only direct effects are considered in deriving ABE values for various radiations. However other factors such as indirect effects, inter-track action, repair processes and radiation rate, can be incorporated later if required, in the derivation of ABE. ABE values for photons up to 60Co i.e 1253 keV and neutrons up to 105 keV, have been calculated and presented in this thesis. An attempt has been made to re-express the cancer risk coefficients, derived by ICRP, in the new dosimetry system, in terms of the ABE (Absolute Biological Effectiveness). The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that the induction of a specified biological-end-point in a biological system due to ionising radiations, is determined not by the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass (dose), but rather by the number of events (ionizations) spatially correlated, along the primary radiation track. Based on this hypothesis, a new unified dosimetry system, independent of radiation type, is proposed. Suggestions are made for possible measuring instruments which have the equivalent response characteristics, namely maximum efficiency of detection for the mean free path Success in devising such types of instrument would ensure the practicability of the new dosimetry system, in operational radiological protection.
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Schnetzler, Linda A. "Planning the reduction of the impact of airport hazards." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21622.
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Park, Yongro. "A statistical process control approach for network intrusion detection." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6835.
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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) have a vital role in protecting computer networks and information systems. In this thesis we applied an SPC monitoring concept to a certain type of traffic data in order to detect a network intrusion.
We developed a general SPC intrusion detection approach and described it and the source and the preparation of data used in this thesis. We extracted sample data sets that represent various situations, calculated event intensities for each situation, and stored these sample data sets in the data repository for use in future research.
A regular batch mean chart was used to remove the sample datas inherent 60-second cycles. However, this proved too slow in detecting a signal because the regular batch mean chart only monitored the statistic at the end of the batch. To gain faster results, a modified batch mean (MBM) chart was developed that met this goal. Subsequently, we developed the Modified Batch Mean Shewhart chart, the Modified Batch Mean Cusum chart, and the Modified Batch Mean EWMA chart and analyzed the performances of each one on simulated data. The simulation studies showed that the MBM charts perform especially well with large signals ?the type of signal typically associated with a DOS intrusion.
The MBM Charts can be applied two ways: by using actual control limits or by using robust control limits. The actual control limits must be determined by simulation, but the robust control limits require nothing more than the use of the recommended limits. The robust MBM Shewhart chart was developed based on choosing appropriate values based on batch size. The robust MBM Cusum chart and robust MBM EWMA chart were developed on choosing appropriate values of charting parameters.
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Ekström, Ellen. "Using Shared Priorities to Support Training of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Crews." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120076.
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Swedish nuclear power plant control room crews have training sessions in full scope simulators every year. These sessions are designed to prepare operators to cope with incidents and accidents. The aim is to develop operators’ knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to operate the nuclear power plant in a safe manner. Training sessions is an opportunity to practice and develop the crews’ teamwork, decision processes and working strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how the instrument Shared Priorities can support training of nuclear power plant control room crews. Shared Priorities is an instrument to measure teams’ shared awareness of a situation and has in earlier studies been used in military and student teams. During the simulator re-training period of control room crews, 14 crews used the instrument Shared Priorities in one or two of their training scenarios. The instrument consists of two steps. Firstly, crew members generate and prioritise a list of five items they think are most important for the crew to cope with in the scenarios current situation. They also rank another crew member’s list. Secondly, the crews and instructors perform a focus group discussion based on the generated lists. Results from questionnaires, focus group discussions and an interview with instructors showed that operators and instructors believe that Shared Priorities can support their training in several ways. Crews see meetings and other disseminations of information as an essential part of maintaining shared understanding of different situations. They believe the instrument may help crews reflect upon and develop their meeting procedures. Operators and instructors also believe that by using the instrument it can help crews to increase their understanding of having a shared situation understanding and shared vision. However the procedure when using Shared Priorities has to be modified in order to be able to support crews’ training in an optimal way.
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Chan, Wai-man, and 陳偉文. "The control and management of dangerous substances and chemicals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253945.
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Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa, and 關綺雲. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong: toys and children's products safety control." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977674.
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Gillion, Lauren. "Developing a generic hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system for the wheat milling industry." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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In South Africa there is a need within the milling industry for controlling food safety especially due to customer's demands and government's regulations. The best way to ensure food safety is with the implementation of a HACCP based food safety system. Therefore, the principal aim of this study was to develop a generic HACCP model for the flour milling industry. Afterwards this generic model can then be adapted for each specific mill and its needs.
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Ghanipoor, Machiani Sahar. "Modeling Driver Behavior at Signalized Intersections: Decision Dynamics, Human Learning, and Safety Measures of Real-time Control Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71798.
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Traffic conflicts associated to signalized intersections are one of the major contributing factors to crash occurrences. Driver behavior plays an important role in the safety concerns related to signalized intersections. In this research effort, dynamics of driver behavior in relation to the traffic conflicts occurring at the onset of yellow is investigated. The area ahead of intersections in which drivers encounter a dilemma to pass through or stop when the yellow light commences is called Dilemma Zone (DZ). Several DZ-protection algorithms and advance signal settings have been developed to accommodate the DZ-related safety concerns. The focus of this study is on drivers' decision dynamics, human learning, and choice behavior in DZ, and DZ-related safety measures. First, influential factors to drivers' decision in DZ were determined using a driver behavior survey. This information was applied to design an adaptive experiment in a driving simulator study. Scenarios in the experimental design are aimed at capturing drivers learning process while experiencing safe and unsafe signal settings. The result of the experiment revealed that drivers do learn from some of their experience. However, this learning process led into a higher level of risk aversion behavior. Therefore, DZ-protection algorithms, independent of their approach, should not have any concerns regarding drivers learning effect on their protection procedure. Next, the possibility of predicting drivers' decision in different time frames using different datasets was examined. The results showed a promising prediction model if the data collection period is assumed 3 seconds after yellow. The prediction model serves advance signal protection algorithms to make more intelligent decisions. In the next step, a novel Surrogate Safety Number (SSN) was introduced based on the concept of time to collision. This measure is applicable to evaluate different DZ-protection algorithms regardless of their embedded methodology, and it has the potential to be used in developing new DZ-protection algorithms. Last, an agent-based human learning model was developed integrating machine learning and human learning techniques. An abstracted model of human memory and cognitive structure was used to model agent's behavior and learning. The model was applied to DZ decision making process, and agents were trained using the driver simulator data. The human learning model resulted in lower and faster-merging errors in mimicking drivers' behavior comparing to a pure machine learning technique.Ph. D.
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Minner, Stefan. "Strategic safety stocks in supply chains /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0812/00061915-d.html.
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Nassif, Alaa Abdullah. "Organisational and social aspects, specific safety measures, cultural conditions impact on risk sources control, and general safety on manned offshore oil platform facilities in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402046.
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Ncube, Lashias. "Campus policing : an ethnography of the University of Cape Town Campus Control Unit." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17205.
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Includes bibliography.The aim of undertaking the project was to investigate the activities of the University of Cape Town Campus Control unit. The study is based on the premise that there is an underestimation of Campus Control work. A number of basic questions were examined in the field. The researcher sought to determine, among other things, the extent to which the unit's work is invisible, and the extent to which the university community's reported ambivalence and indifference to Campus Control practice a result of a lack of clarity regarding the role of the unit within the university. The research also moved from the premise that there is too great an emphasis on the use of crime statistics as indices of the unit' effectiveness. The racial and gender configuration of assignments was also investigated as was the training offered to new and old recruits. Participant observation as a body of different methods and techniques of research was used. The researcher spent six weeks in the field with the campus control officers in order to experience the demands of policing from "the native's point of view". The unit is in the process of transforming. It seeks to embrace the discourse of community participation with a view to getting the entire community involved in the provision of its own safety and security. The community involvement initiatives are also designed to improve the relationship between the unit and the community. In the past, the relationship has been a very traumatic one, fraught with mistrust and had far-reaching consequences for the unit's performance. The study comes to the conclusion that both women and blacks in Campus Control are a case of structural marginality. The unit does not reflect the racial and gender composition of the community it serves. It was also discovered that some of the unit's glaring shortcomings are played out in the sphere of training. The study should help members of the university community to understand and appreciate the role of this indispensable unit within the university community.
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Maldonado, Michelle M. 1977. "Legal aspects of safety management systems and human factors in air traffic control." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115993.
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The job of an air traffic controller is stressful by nature. Conditions like aircraft congestion in the skies, an outdated air traffic system and understaffing at control centers can add to the daily stresses of controllers and often cause fatigue. These conditions describe the current status of Air Traffic Services (ATS) in the United States. If left unaddressed, they could compromise safety, the primary objective of air traffic control. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the regulatory framework surrounding ATS specifically in the area of Safety Management Systems (SMS) and Human Factors and determine the course of action to be taken to improve safety in air traffic control.This thesis begins with a description of what air traffic controllers do and the issues that ATS face in the U.S. It then examines the regulatory framework of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the U.S. regarding ATS, specifically SMS and Human Factors. A comparison is made between the privatized air traffic system of Canada and the government owned air traffic system of the U.S. and how privatization makes a difference economically, politically and legally when implementing standards and regulations and enforcing them. Finally, suggestions are made in order to improve the legal framework of air traffic services in the U.S.
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Myhre, Teri Ann, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Medication safety practices : a patient's perspective." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, School of Health Sciences, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/626.
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Medication administration constitutes a key element of acute care delivery, while errors in the process threaten patient safety. The purpose of the study is to explore patients’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs about the safety practices utilized by nurses when administering medications. Specifically, the study addresses patients’ perceptions of nurse behaviours regarding safe medicine administration, patient behaviours, patients’ perceptions and nurse behaviours regarding pain medicine, patients’ perceptions of nursing care, and patients’ perceptions of their participation/accountability in care. The results identify key safety issues from a patients’ perspective to focus change strategies that will improve patient care.x, 125 leaves ; 29 cm
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Schmid, Thomas 1969. "Slot allocation at European airports." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30326.
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International air transport has grown at a staggering rate over the last 50 years and the industry which supports it, now bears little resemblance to that which existed even twenty-five years ago. As the number of operators and the size of their respective fleets have increased, so too have the pressures on the infrastructure which support them. Particularly affected are the major airports where runway, apron and terminal capacity are limited. Unlike other elements of the aviation infrastructure, airport capacity is physically constrained and therefore capacity increases can only be obtained through further development or through more efficient uses of existing resources. As the first option is politically controversial and the latter only provides for incremental increases, the air transport industry, through IATA, has developed an allocation mechanism to distribute available capacity based on historic precedence. This thesis reviews the main issues surrounding the current regime. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Burnett, Margaret J. "Enhanced food traceability: promoting food safety, quality and consumer choice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245146.
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Olson, Carl Scott. "Safety Effectiveness of Red Light Treatments for Red Light Running." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/882.
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Crashes resulting from automobiles running a red light are typically severe in nature. One way to try to reduce the number and severity of these types of crashes is by increasing the red clearance interval of a traffic signal. In Portland, Oregon, eight intersections received a variety of treatments including red extensions. Determining which treatment had what effect can be difficult to weed out. Using a combination of crash analysis and a model simulating an intersection with red extensions, this paper describes the estimated impact of red light running intersection upgrades and red extensions on crashes. By performing a variety of before and after crash analysis, a reduction of angle crashes after treatments was detected, with a crash modification factor of 0.64 +/- 0.28 using the Empirical-Bayes method. Output from the simple simulation also suggest that red light running crashes can be reduced with red extension technology and confirms crash modification values determined from the Empirical-Bayes method.
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de, Oliveira Marcelo Gurgel. "An integrated methodology for the evaluation of the safety impacts of in-vehicle driver warning technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19162.
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Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Zaier Abbas. "Mobility and safety evaluation of integrated dynamic merge and speed control strategies in work zones." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4613.
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An already calibrated and validated VISSIM model for Simplified Dynamic Lane Merge System (SDLMS) in accordance with the real life work zone was modified with a VSL through Vehicle Actuated Programming (VAP) code. Three different logics were coded each for VSL alone, early SDLMS+VSL and late SDLMS+VSL. All these logics were fine tuned with several test runs before finalizing it for the final simulation. It is found through the simulation of above mentioned scenarios that for low and medium volume levels (V0500, V1000 and V1500), there is no significant difference between the Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) plans for mean throughputs. However, for higher volume levels (V2000 and V2500), late SDLMS with and without VSL produced higher mean throughputs for all compliance rates and truck percentages except when the demand volume was 2,500 vph and compliance of 60%, where it produces the significantly lower mean throughputs. In terms of travel time through the work zone, results indicated that there is no significant difference between MOT types for demand levels of V0500 and V1000 when compliance is 40% or less but for compliance of 60% and more, only demand volume level that is not significantly different from other MOT types is V0500. This study revealed that VSL increases travel time through the work zone. This might be due to non-compliant vehicles that follow the compliant vehicle ahead unless they find a sufficient gap in adjacent lane to pass the compliant vehicle. It is also found out that VSL makes the system safer at higher volumes (2,000 vph and 2,500 vph). This was observed through safety surrogate measures selected for this study.; Another outcome of this study is that the addition of VSL to the dynamic merge systems helps in improving the overall safety of the system by lowering speed variances and deceleration means of the vehicles travelling through the work zone. The passage of traffic through the work zone is made safer when a speed control is integrated to a dynamic merge system. It can be inferred from the simulation results that integrated SDLMS and VSL systems have better performance in terms of traffic mobility and safety than existing individual controls and also show that the integrated SDLMS and VSL system has more potential than each individual systems.; In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the amount of construction work on the U.S. national highways. Most of the work undertaken is the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the existing transportation networks. Work zones in the United States are likely to increase in number, duration and length due to emphasis on repair and highway reconstruction as a significant portion of all federal-aid highway funds are now geared toward highway rehabilitation. The challenge of mobility is particularly acute in work zone areas as road repair and construction intensifies traffic issues and concentrates them in specific locations and at specific times. Due to the capacity drop, which is the result of lane closure in work zone area, congestion will occur with a high traffic demand. The congestion increases number and severity of traffic conflicts which raise the potential for accidents; furthermore traffic operational properties of roadway in work zone area become worse. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies have been developed and are being deployed to improve the safety and mobility of traffic in and around work zones. In several states in the US, the use of Dynamic Merge Controls also known as Dynamic Lane Merge (DLM) system has been initiated to enhance traffic safety and to improve traffic flow in work zone areas. The DLM usually takes two forms; dynamic early merge and dynamic late merge. The use of variable speed limit (VSL) systems at work zones is also one of those measures. VSL systems improve safety by helping the driver in determining the maximum speed that drivers should travel. Besides adding improvement to safety, they are also expected to improve mobility at the work zones.; The main goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and operational effectiveness of the dynamic merge systems i.e. the dynamic early lane merge and dynamic late lane merge, in the presence of VSL system. More specifically, the VISSIM model is utilized to simulate a two-to-one lane configuration when one out of the two lanes in the work zone is closed for traffic. Six different scenarios were adopted to assess the effectiveness of these scenarios under different traffic demand volumes and different drivers' compliance rates to the messages displayed by the systems. These scenarios are; bullet] Work Zone without VSL and without SDLMS or the current Motorist Awareness System (MAS) bullet] Work Zone with VSL and without SDLMS bullet] Work Zone with VSL and Early SDLMS bullet] Work Zone with VSL and Late SDLMS bullet] Work Zone with early SDLMS and without VSL bullet] Work Zone with early SDLMS and without VSLID: 029050385; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-192).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
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Ho, Chi-wai, and 何志偉. "Radiation dose due to indoor radon and its progeny in Hong Kong and a study of mitigation methods to control indoor radon exposure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236972.
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Jeffries, Cameron. "Radiological exposure due to radioactivity carrying aerosols in a mineral sand processing plant." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37123/7/37123_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Mineral sand processing involves a radiological risk due to uranium and thorium series isotopes. Characterising the radioactive aerosol requires measurement of the activity size distribution and the isotopic composition of the aerosol. This is a time consuming process requiring long sampling times and sample counting after a suitable delay time. As a result a number of weeks are required to complete analysis of the activity size distribution. Instrumentation is now available that determines the number and mass distribution within a matter of minutes.
Measurements of activity, number and mass distribution and total activity concentration were made at six sites in the Consolidated Rutile Limited dry processing mill at Pinkenba, Queensland. The activity distribution was measured using a cascade impactor. The number distribution was measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. The mass distribution was measured with the impactor of two samples and was calculated from the measured number size distributions. The activity distribution was counted twice with a six month gap to test the effect of in growth of 210Po from attached 210Pb. It was concluded that 210Po in growth has a negligible effect on the measured activity size distributions.
The activity and mass distributions measured by the impactor were compared. The impactor measured mass distribution was compared to the APS calculated mass distribution. The activity distribution was compared with the number and mass distributions determined by the APS. Agreement was found between the activity and APS mass distribution. The results show that the activity distribution could be determined quickly by measuring the mass distribution with the APS and applying the total activity concentration.
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Qiu, Xujian. "Use of Natural Ingredients to Control Foodborne Pathogens: Antimicrobial Effects and Inhibition Mechanisms." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/QiuX2007.pdf.
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Reed, Matthew Robert. "Development of an Improved Dissipative Passive Haptic Display." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5284.
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This project focuses on the design and modeling of a two degree-of-freedom dissipative passive haptic display. Haptic displays are man-machine interfaces that transmit forces to the human operator. A dissipative passive haptic display is one that may only remove energy from the system using actuators such as brakes and dampers, thus ensuring the safety of the human operator. These devices may be used to implement virtual constraints such as desired paths and obstacles. Traditional friction brakes have previously been used as dissipative and coupling elements in a two degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator, resulting in undesired effects such as vibration, stiction, and slow response times. Alternatively, the new robot is actuated by rheological brakes, which feature fast response times and smooth application of torque. This approach aims to improve upon the accuracy and feel of the previous design.
A commercial magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake was selected and put through an extensive series of tests. The data was used to develop a model that characterizes MR fluid behavior in low speed braking applications. A parallel five bar linkage was designed and built that has separate configurations corresponding to 3-brake and 4-brake operation. The length of each arm was chosen by means of a geometrical optimization that weighs the size and area of the workspace and actuator effects. A simulation was then developed by incorporating the brake model into the equations of motion of the robot. Next, two forms of path following velocity control were devised and tested in simulation. Finally, the accuracy, workload, and smoothness of both controllers and both configurations were examined in preliminary tests with human operators.
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Wagude, Bethsheba Emily Akinyi. "Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) in a red meat abattoir." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28615.
Full text
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De, Villiers Jonathan Izak. "Reducing the potential for accidents and the associated environmental impacts arising from road tankers transporting petro-chemical substances / J.I. de Villiers." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/293.
Full textAbstract:
Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and
commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations
throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of
transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity
predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail
tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many
thousands of litres per trip.
Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of
distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being
involved in an accident.
The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an
environmental point of view, is aggravated due to:
*The conveyance of bulk loads,
*non-roadworthiness of many vehicles,
*inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of
*safety systems,
*poor road conditions,
*driver fatigue,
*hi-jacking threats,
*the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers,
*the inconsistency in driver training programs,
*the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents.
The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large
quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic
environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into
sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water
pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite
causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and
extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the
surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in
severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more
environmental degradation and damage.
For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the
introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company
(such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product
distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the
potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these
controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing
accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because
it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles
were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not
possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on
the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the
improved application of the standards.
The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an
inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects
found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as
measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took
place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the
development and implementation of a new procedure and training course,
implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as
improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the
checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation
and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing
towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents
and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser
extent.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Lehrke, Linda. "Determining and Evaluating Cost-Effective Food Safety Risk Reduction Strategies at Retail Meat Facilities." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29906.
Full textAbstract:
In spite of the documented success of Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (PR/HACCP) at the processing level, farm-level and retail-level application is optional. Several factors impact the gap of food safety regulations from farm to fork. This thesis focuses on the retail level. At the retail level, pathogen survival and the associated ability to cause further disease to humans even after being subjected to certain processing and packaging conditions have varying implications on the probability of sickness or death. This issue also arises over the fact that, sometimes, appropriate handling and processing instructions are not properly followed by consumers. The primary goals of the project are to develop an optimal food safety intervention strategy that incorporates risk, cost, and the value of pathogen reduction with alternative control mechanism. We wish to evaluate incentives for PR/HACCP-like planning and adherence to best management practices that promote safe food production. These incentives will be evaluated for the retail level. In addition, we will develop optimal intervention strategies for ready-to-eat meats and poultry products that incorporate risk assessment, cost of intervention, and the value of risk reduction of alternative strategies for the farm-to-table continuum. The model adopted in this study is an expansion of the stochastic optimization model developed by Nganje, Kaitibie, and Sorin (2005) to include the optimal intervention strategy at the retail ( consumer) level. These components are simulated with firm-level microbial data at the processing and retail level using stochastic optimizer software. Stochastic dominance was also used to compare across the optimal strategies and determine if there is one clear choice that is preferred. This allowed us incorporate risk preferences of firms. The scenario method was used to determine what factors would likely affect the adoption of PR/HACCP at the retail level. Finally, this thesis provides firms and policymakers a direction for future options concerning risk mitigation strategies.
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Galetta, Wilhelmina Magdalene. "Factors that impact project quality at a nuclear power plant in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/955.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration in Project Management
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013The nuclear industry has established stringent controls to ensure that electricity is produced in a safe and reliable manner. It is expected that a nuclear power plant should be operated safely, adheres to processes and procedures that govern those safe operations, and implements projects or modifications that are of a high quality; and this would be considered as ‘business as usual’. This is crucial for an industry that is under constant scrutiny, since every project or modification, which is implemented, is critically judged. One important contributing factor to the successful operation of any nuclear power plant is the implementation of projects and modifications in accordance with respective nuclear codes and standards, specifications, processes and procedures. The industry demands that this should be a norm, as quality is synonymous with safety and reliability; factors that cannot be compromised or divorced from each other on a nuclear power plant. Recently, however, there has been great concern relating to non-conformances experienced throughout the project lifecycle, which ultimately affects the quality of modifications and projects, which are implemented at the plant. The research project investigates factors that affect project quality at a nuclear power plant in South Africa. Against the above backdrop, the research problem was “the delivery of poor quality projects have an adverse effect on modifications and projects, which are implemented at the nuclear power plant in South Africa”. The primary research objectives of this study are the following: · To investigate the root cause and impact of inconsistent project quality practices on the project lifecycle; and · To recommend measures that should be established to improve the way in which project quality is conducted throughout the project lifecycle.
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Sorensen, Khalid Lief. "A Combined Feedback and Command Shaping Controller for Improving Positioning and Reducing Cable Sway in Cranes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6853.
Full textAbstract:
Bridge and gantry cranes are crucially important elements in the industrial complex; they are used in many areas such as shipping, building construction, steel mills, and nuclear facilities, just to name a few.
These types of systems tend to be highly flexible in nature, generally responding to commanded motion with oscillations of the payload and hook. The response of these systems to external disturbances, such as wind, is also oscillatory in nature. Often, the oscillations of the hook and payload have undesirable consequences. For instance, precise manipulation of payloads is difficult when cable sway is present. Oscillation of the hook can also present a safety hazard. For these reasons, the ability to successfully negate these detrimental dynamics can result in improved positioning, quicker settling time, and improved safety.
This thesis addresses the dynamic properties of bridge and gantry cranes in an effort to develop a control scheme that enables strides to be made in these areas of positioning, efficiency, and safety.
The fundamental advancement arising from this thesis is the development of a control scheme that enables precise positioning of the payload while motion and disturbance-induced oscillations are eliminated. A command generation technique uniquely suited for reducing oscillation in low-frequency flexible systems is examined and utilized in the control. The control scheme is implemented on a 10-ton bridge crane for validation purposes.
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Duarte, Carla Margarida Pinheiro Cardoso. "Análise do sistema de segurança alimentar de uma indústria de produtos de pesca congelados." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2882.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe "Food Safety" concept makes sense when human being is aware that what ingests must be innocuous for his health and well-being. To give an answer to this global concern, food industry needs guidelines for safe food production. Consequently, Food Safety Management System (FSMS) Standards appeared. This specific work takes in to account the complexity and advantages of these standards implementation, and identifies improvement opportunities and strengths in an industry of frozen fish products, which intends to substitute its DS 3027E:2002 Certification for NP EN ISO 22000:2005. In studied FSMS, the most significant changes that this Company must accomplish are validation activities implementation and control measures characterization. An HACCP study was done accordingly to NP EN ISO 22000:2005 requirements and to a new hierarchical hazards structure, resulting three critical control points. Besides the industry intends to remove both Critical Control Points corresponding to fish washing water and fish glazing water production stages, that will be possible only if they increase chlorine content in supplied water to the factory, at reception level.
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Ghasemi, Navid. "Improvement of the driving simulator control and comparison between driver-road-vehicule interaction in real and simulated environment." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2010.
Full textAbstract:
Les activités de recherche ont été menées en collaboration avec l'Université de Bologne, l'Université Paris-Est et l'Université Gustave Eiffel sous la forme d'un doctorat cotutelle. Les activités sont divisées en deux macro-domaines ; les études de simulation de conduite réalisées à l'Université Gustave Eifel (IFSTTAR) et les expériences sur route organisées par l'Université de Bologne. La première partie de la recherche se concentre sur l'amélioration de la fidélité physique du simulateur de conduite à deux degrés de liberté avec une attention particulière aux signaux de mouvement et au modèle de dynamique du véhicule. Ce dernier a été développé dans MATLAB-Simulink et a la capacité de calculer en temps réel les états du véhicule et de contrôler la plateforme de mouvement. Au cours de cette phase de la recherche, des algorithmes de repères de mouvement ont été développés pour contrôler les mouvements du simulateur et l'effet des signaux de mouvement sur le comportement des conducteurs a été analysé par expérimentation. Les résultats de ces études sont discutés dans les cas d’études I et II. Dans la deuxième partie de la recherche, les performances du conducteur et le comportement visuel ont été étudiés sur la route sous différents scénarios. Le comportement visuel du conducteur a été enregistré à l'aide d'un dispositif de suivi oculaire monté sur la tête, tandis que la trajectoire du véhicule a été enregistrée avec un véhicule instrumenté équipé du système de positionnement mondial. Au cours de cette phase, plusieurs études de cas ont été développées pour surveiller le comportement des conducteurs en milieu naturaliste. La cas d'étude III vise à intégrer l'audit de sécurité routière traditionnel à un système innovant de surveillance du comportement des conducteurs. L’expérimentation sur route avec des conducteurs a été réalisée sur une artère urbaine afin d'évaluer l'approche proposée à travers des techniques innovantes de suivi des conducteurs. Ces mêmes instruments de surveillance de la conduite ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'amélioration d'un passage pour piétons au rond-point dans le cas d'étude IV. Les données de suivi oculaire ont été évaluées dans les deux études afin d'identifier un indicateur d'attention visuelle du conducteur en fonction de la position et de la durée du regard des participants. Une attention particulière est accordée à la sécurité des conducteurs vulnérables dans les zones urbaines lors de l'étude du comportement de conduite naturaliste. Le cas d'étude V a analysé le comportement de conduite du conducteur en phase d'approche d'un passage prioritaire à vélo à l'aide de mesures de sécurité de substitution. Les mesures de performance des conducteurs telles que le temps de réaction de la perception et le comportement du regard ont été utilisées pour évaluer le niveau de sécurité du passage à niveau, équipé de systèmes de signalisation standard et innovants. L’amélioration du comportement cédant du conducteur vers un passage à niveau non signalé pendant la nuit et sa réaction à un système d’alarme d’éclairage intégré ont été évaluées dans le cas d’étude VI. La dernière phase de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude du régulateur de vitesse adaptatif (ACC) avec expérimentation sur route et sur simulateur. L'expérimentation sur route a étudié l'influence du système d'aide à la conduite sur l'adaptation des conducteurs avec une évaluation objective et subjective, dans laquelle un instrument de suivi oculaire et un casque EEG ont été utilisés pour surveiller les conducteurs sur une autoroute. Les résultats sont présentés dans les cas d’études VII et VIII et l’attention visuelle des conducteurs a été réduite en raison de l’adaptation à l’ACC dans le scénario de suivi de véhicule. Les résultats de l'essai sur route ont ensuite été utilisés pour reproduire le même scénario dans le simulateur de conduite et l'adaptation du comportement des conducteurs avec l'utilisation de l'ACC a été confirmée par l'expérimentationThe related research activities were carried out in collaboration with the University of Bologna, Paris-Est University and Gustave Eiffel University (IFSTTAR) in the form of a cotutelle PhD. The activities are divided into two macro areas ; the driving simulation studies conducted in Gustave Eifel University (IFSTTAR) and on-road experiments organized by the University of Bologna. The first part of the research is focused on improving the physical fidelity of the two DOF driving simulator with particular attention to motion cueing and vehicle dynamics model. The vehicle dynamics model has been developed in MATLAB-Simulink and has the ability of real-time calculation of the vehicle states and control the motion platform. During this phase of the research, motion cueing algorithms were developed to control the simulator movements and the effect of the motion cues on drivers’ behaviour was analysed through experimentation. The results of these studies are discussed in the case studies I and II. In the second part of the research, the driver performance and visual behaviour were studied on the road under different scenarios. The driver visual behaviour was recorded with the use of a head mounted eye-tracking device, while the vehicle trajectory was registered with an instrumented vehicle equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS). During this phase, several case studies were developed to monitor drivers’ behaviour in the naturalistic environment. Case study III aims to integrate the traditional road safety auditing with an innovative driver behaviour monitoring system. The real road experiment with drivers was carried out in an urban arterial road in order to evaluate the proposed approach through innovative driver monitoring techniques. These same driving monitoring instruments were used for evaluating the improvement of a pedestrian crossing at the roundabout in case study IV. The eye-tracking data were evaluated in both studies in order to identify a driver visual attention indicator based on the participants gaze position and duration. Significant attention is given to the safety of vulnerable drivers in urban areas during the naturalistic driving behaviour study. Case study V analyzed the driver yielding behaviour in approach phase to a bicycle priority crossing with the use of surrogate safety measures. The drivers’ performance measures such as perception reaction time and gaze behaviour were used to assess the safety level of the crossing equipped with standard and innovative signalling systems. The improvement on the driver’s yielding behaviour towards an un-signalized crossing during night-time and their reaction to an integrated lighting-warning system was evaluated in the case study VI. The last phase of the thesis is dedicated to the study of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with on-road and simulator experimentation. The on-road experimentation investigated the driver assistant system influence on the drivers' adaptation with objective and subjective assessment, in which an eye tracking instrument and EEG helmet were used to monitor the drivers on a highway. The results are presented in Case studies VII and VIII and drivers’s visual attention was reduced due to adaptation to the ACC in the car following scenario. The results of the on-road test were later used to reproduce to the same scenario in the driving simulator and the adaptation of drivers’ behaviour with the use of ACC was confirmed through experimentation
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Barreto, Edith Huampa. "Controle da qualidade sanitária em frigorífico de suínos do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2672.
Full textAbstract:
Capes; CNPqA manutenção das condições higiênicas na produção de alimentos é considerada peça chave na obtenção de alimentos seguros. Os ambientes dos frigoríficos apresentam uma grande quantidade de matéria orgânica rica em nutrientes que podem favorecer ao crescimento de micro-organismos A presente pesquisa objetivou a elaboração de critérios para aumentar o controle da qualidade sanitária em equipamentos e utensílios de um frigorífico de suínos do Paraná. O desenvolvimento do trabalho iniciou com as análises dos resultados microbiológicos de coleta de swabs em equipamentos e utensílios do processo após a higienização seguindo os padrões das empresas habilitadas à exportação. Com base nos conceitos das normativas que dizem respeito às condições sanitárias nos ambientes produtivos, assim com a bibliografia existente, foi elaborada e aplicada uma escala de avaliação das condições favoráveis à higiene em equipamentos e utensílios do processo. Os resultados das avaliações microbiológicas mostraram um percentual de conformidade de 75,54% para micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos e 88,96% para as enterobactérias e uma prevalência de resultados inaceitáveis, ao longo dos períodos analisados, especificamente nas esteiras transportadoras, as quais podem representar focos de contaminação e risco no controle microbiológico das carnes. A escala desenvolvida está composta por nove critérios que avaliam as características favoráveis a higiene e as características operacionais do processo. A aplicação da escala indica que os grupos das esteiras transportadoras e os equipamentos de corte foram as que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de inadequação aos critérios. Finalmente, a prevalência de enterobactérias foi significativa (p<0,01) (ao nível de significância de 5%) para o grupo das esteiras quando comparada com os outros grupos de equipamentos, pelo que as diferenças das características nos equipamentos podem estar relacionadas com a eficiência da higienização.
Maintaining hygienic conditions in food production is considered a key part of obtaining safety food. The aim of the present work was to elaborate the criteria to increase the control of the sanitary quality in equipment and utensils of a pork abattoir in Paraná. The development of the work began with the analysis of the microbiological results of the collection of swabs in equipment and tools of the process after the hygiene, following the standards of the companies authorized to export. Based on the concepts of the standards that concern the sanitary conditions in the productive environments, as well as the existing bibliography, a scale of evaluation of the conditions favorable to hygiene in equipment and utensils of the process was elaborated and applied. The results of the microbiological evaluations showed a 75.54% compliance rate for aerobic mesophilic microorganisms and 88.96% for enterobacteria and a prevalence of unacceptable results during the analyzed periods, specifically on conveyors. represent pockets of contamination and risk in the microbiological control of meat. The scale developed is composed of nine criteria that evaluate the characteristics favorable to hygiene and the operational characteristics of the process. The application of the scale indicates that the groups of conveyors and cutting equipment were those that presented the highest percentage of inadequacy to the criteria. Finally, the prevalence of enterobacteria was significant (p <0.01) (at the significance level of 5%) for the group of conveyors when compared to the other groups of equipment, so the differences in characteristics in the equipment can be related to the hygiene efficiency.
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Valentine, Lucrecia Zinobia. "Food certification audits : a case study in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1217.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008While there is a standard for quality and environmental auditors, there is no local or international standard for food safety auditing, which means auditors from different certification bodies can use their own discretion when auditing food establishments. There is a requirement to investigate the quality of work performed by South African food safety auditors. in order to establish whether they do in fact add value when conducting registration and certification audits. This is also an indication of the importance of improving and maintaining a high standard of food safety in the food services industry. The overall concept of food safety in South Africa IS clearly not defined. understood by only a few consumers, and not widely accepted. Research has shown that food retailers in South Africa in general do not believe food safety auditors are competent. In the wake of the Sudan Red scare two years ago. a long awaited food safety initiative was launched in February 2006. The scare pertaining to a carcinogenic food dye. which found its way into spices on local supermarket shelves, mobilized food industry role players to improve food safety standards. Under the auspices of the Consumer Goods Council of South Africa (CGCSA), the body responsible for establishing best practices and implementation standards, Food Safety South Africa (FSSA) will enable an organization to determine the exact nature and extent of possible and actual problems along the food supply chain. The key objectives of this research study are to determine whether one food certification standard is needed in South Africa and to assess the value added by the food auditors to their clients. Social research will be conducted within the ambit of the dissertation, with case study serving as research method. Both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms will be used to gather data for the research survey in support of the research question. forming the crux of the dissertation which reads as follow: "How can food safety auditors increase value added to the audit process in food environments in South Africa?"
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Sweney, Jill Marie. "Combining Systems Methodologies to Reduce Allergen-Related Food Recalls." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2373.
Full textAbstract:
The risk of poor food safety is a major focus for managers in the food manufacturing industry. Despite industry-led and regulatory efforts to improve the overall food safety of US packaged consumer foods, product recalls and market withdrawals are increasing. This is especially true for the most frequent cause for food recall: the undeclared allergen. With industry trends leaning toward adoption of third-party food safety management certifications, a popular food safety code from the Safe Quality Foods Institute is evaluated using Systems Analysis. Three changes to the food safety code are proposed to address three of the top causes for an allergen-related recall in the United States. In practice, the SQF code should make better use of control theory to reduce delays in production monitoring activities, should make better use of purposeful action in the implementation of a HACCP plan to ensure continuing validity of the plan, and SQFI needs to consider adding an organizational assessment for food safety culture.
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Balčík, Michal. "Sídlo firmy MEgA - příprava a organizace výstavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225404.
Full textAbstract:
The object of the diploma thesis is a preparing and organization scheme of residence company MEgA. The thesis deals with facilities of a bulding site, safety devices and safety measures at work, control and pilot plans, a design of the machinery, budget and schedule, risk at the work and specialization through earthwork main road.
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Kingdon, Brenda. "Effects of Provider Education on Documentation Compliance in the O.R." UNF Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/310.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals and an effective provider cooperative practice involving communication and teamwork are essential for the delivery of safe and compliant patient care in the surgical setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention for physicians and nurses designed to increase documentation of compliance with national patient safety standards. As events of noncompliance have impacted patient safety at the hospital where this project was conducted, measures were needed to assess barriers to compliance with standards of practice and to focus educational session plans on identified knowledge-base needs.
The goal of this project involved bringing all surgical team members together for educational sessions on safety standards. Pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments of knowledge were administered to study participants. Additionally, random chart documentation audits were conducted before and after the intervention to assess the effectiveness of the education sessions on documentation compliance with the targeted standards.
Outcomes of this study included improved knowledge of, and compliance with, national patient safety goals. Results may improve safe patient care at this hospital, reduce costs, and create mutual respect and teamwork, all contributing to the successful achievement of the organization's quality improvement goals.
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Šaroun, Vít. "Stavebně technologický projekt domu pro seniory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372003.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis is to make the detailed design project of retirement home in Nové Město na Moravě. This thesis contains a construction technology, summary accompaying technical report, control and test plans, itemized budget, time and financial plan of the carcass object SO01. Finally there is also implementation scheme, situation of site equipment and construction details.
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Bolton, Jason Charles. "Design, analysis and manufacture of a Rocprop dome end." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5961.
Full textAbstract:
M.Ing.Safety within the mining industry is a primary concern for everyone involved. More specifically, active below-ground stope support for South African Mines is becoming increasingly important due to a renewed emphasis on the safety and well-being of the people actually working underground. It is imperative that all stope support systems are rigorously tested, continuously, both under laboratory conditions and in-situ to prove their performance and manufacturing standards. The Rocprop was initially manufactured in 1995 with the first two hundred props being installed at East Driefontein Consolidated Gold Mine in the Carletonville area. In the three years since the first introduction over three hundred thousand Rocprops have been manufactured and sold to South African Mines with the number steadily increasing. The Rocprop is a tubular support consisting of two tubes — a Ø139mm 'inner' tube and a Ø152mm 'outer' tube. One end of each tube is sealed by dome ends which are welded onto the tube mouths. The two tubes, cut to identical lengths, fit inside one another and extend telescopically during installation. Once the desired height has been reached, leaving enough tube overlapping to ensure the support does not buckle, the wedge is hammered in locking the prop at that height. The water is then removed after which the prop will provide active support of the rock mass above it. One of the components responsible for the Rocprops success is a dome end. This is either a forging or a pressing welded onto each end of the support and allows continual concentric loading throughout the life of the Rocprop. At present the dome ends are pressings, manufactured into hemispheres from 10mm mild steel plate in one action. The reason for the Rocprop's success is its performance characteristics. It's all metal construction, ease of installation, reliability and predictability in both seismic and static conditions, fire resistance, blast resistant, economically viability and versatility have made the prop successful. Reasons for the research were to investigate the dome end forming process in general and to investigate current numerical analysis techniques ability to predict loads during manufacture, the final shape, spring-back and other local deformation areas. Also to investigate alternate manufacturing methods such as cold forming, which provides advantages such as better mechanical properties and higher structural capabilities. The use of alternate materials in the Rocprop manufacture has been an ongoing process for MSP, manufacturer and current licensee holder of the Rocprop. A substitute for the current dome end manufactured from mild steel was investigated. For the substitute to be viable the material should be stronger, weigh less and be cost effective. In depth knowledge about the forming of the dome end at various velocities was gathered, providing information for further optimisation of the component.
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(9875279), A. Rodero. "An alarm diagnosis expert system." Thesis, 1998. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_alarm_diagnosis_expert_system/13425347.
Full textAbstract:
Project aims to create a software package that allows non-specialised personnel to implement a Knowledge (Rule)base from very specific information supplied by experts in the field.. The aim of the project was to create a software package that would allow non-specialised personnel to implement a Knowledge (Rule)base from very specific information supplied by experts in the field. The expert system was developed for a specific area of the plant due to excessive time that would have been required to develop a complete system. The value or usefulness of any Expert System is determined by how well it fulfils the tasks that it was designed to accomplish. In order to achieve these goals a two-fold co-ordinated approach was developed and implemented. Firstly the architecture was designed to allow a solid and problem free growth of the knowledge (Rule)base. This design involved consideration of core issues, such as the suitability of the chosen software environment, clear and realistic performance objectives, and adequate hardware amongst others. The second point of consideration was, to produce a development environment that would smnplify the process of modifications to the knowledge (Rule)base withoult direct involvement by the expert system developer.
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HSU, YUNG-YI, and 許永益. "A Study on the Investigation and Control Measures of Fraud Room." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nd7n6q.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
犯罪防治學系兩岸與犯罪防治碩士在職專班
107
The fraud room is highly organized, business-oriented, occult, reproducible, highly regenerative, low-risk, high-paying, and transnational (boundary).It is the initiator of all telecommunications fraud crimes. After using Internet technology tools to hide in the Internet and communication equipment, it has become a transnational（cross-border）telecommunications fraud crimes under the influence of the advancement of communication technology.In order to increase revenue and management, it has evolved into a criminal organization with a well-organized division of labor. The location can be set across several countries.As far as the entire telecommunications fraud crimes chain is concerned, the fraud room group is the core, and other fraud groups are only attached to the operation of the chain. If it can effectively control its survival and development, it can effectively suppress the occurrence of telecommunications fraud cases. Therefore, this study uses the literature to explore the relevant theoretical data as a basis to illustrate the role of fraudulent computer rooms in the entire fraudulent crimes, with official data and case studies for analysis.From the aspects of investigation, legal system, finance, telecommunications, international (cross-strait) relations, etc., we will explore the operational factors affecting the fraudulent computer room, explore the core of the problem through in-depth interviews, and analyze the model, future development trend, and investigation of the fraudulent computer room through the confirmation of relevant theories. Method, propose a practical investigation reference strategy.Based on the research findings, we will analyze the investigation and prevention of telecommunications, finance, regulations and international (cross-strait) aspects. We will provide suggestions for combating and preventing telecommunications fraud crimes for the practical units.
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Ni, Shiao-Ping, and 倪曉萍. "Improving Patient Safety and Control in Operating Room by Leveraging RFID Technology." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21915710535638233617.
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碩士元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
95
Patient safety has become a growing concern in health care. The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) report “To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System” in 1999 included estimations that medical error is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States and results in up to 100,000 deaths annually. However, many adverse events and errors occur in surgical practice. Within all kinds of surgical adverse events, wrong-side/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient adverse events are the most devastating, unacceptable, and often result in litigation. Much literature claims that systems must be put in place to render it essentially impossible or at least extremely difficult for human error to cause harm to patients. Hence, this research aims to develop a prototype system based on active RFID that detects and prevents errors in the OR. To fully comprehend the operating room (OR) process, multiple rounds of on site discussions were conducted. IDEF0 models were subsequently constructed for identifying the opportunity of improvement and performing before-after analysis. Based on the analysis, the architecture of the proposed RFID-based OR system was developed. An on-site survey conducted subsequently for better understanding the hardware requirement will then be illustrated. Finally, an RFID-enhanced system based on both the proposed architecture and test results was developed for gaining better control and improving the safety level of the surgical operations.
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CHUANG, C. F., and 莊長富. "Investigation on the Safety of Human-System Interface for Lungmen Advanced Nuclear Plant Control Room." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70392061056411725273.
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Lin, Yi-hao, and 林弈豪. "A Study on the Control Measures and Relief of Food Safety under Precautionary Principle." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87460258175366080511.
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Liao, Kuo-Jei, and 廖國傑. "Study on Measures to Comply with the Port State Control Inspection on Safety in General." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60409020446431680062.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
97
Abstract Port State Control (PSC) is to inspect foreign ships in national ports to ensure that the condition of the ship and its equipments comply with the requirements of international regulations. PSC provides related international marine safety, prevents pollution of the marine environment, and safeguards the crew working conditions. Through execution of these relevant inspections, PSC ensures the security of the cargo and human life, and eliminates the substandard ships those who violate the international conventions. Port State Control Officer (PSCO) checks the ships with the evidences that require initial inspections. When discovering obvious deficiencies, PSCO would request the ship to correct promptly. If the ship or crew’s ability does not conform to the related international conventions, the PSCO would ask to improve the conditions of the ship, or detains vessel until a related deficiencies get improved. When adopting detention of a ship, the PSCO should also inform to ship’s flag state consul, diplomatic representative or relevant administrative organization as soon as possible. Among all inspections in Port State Control, this study focuses on the safety in general of recorded deficiencies of the inspected items of ships. This project analyzes the cases of deficiencies occurred in the ships inspected in the past and develops of a practical way to prevent the deficiencies happen again. Results of conclusions of this study can suggest enhancing the security of the ships and prevents ships from being delayed by unnecessary inspections. The opportunity of recording the deficiencies can also be reduced in the future. Keywords: Port State Control, PSC, Safety in general
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Modiba, Thami Malcolm. "Factors influencing adherence and employee perceptions towards safety control in a mining company." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/438.
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M.Tech. (Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology.The majority of mine health and safety authorities around the world agree that the quality of safety standards is of increasing importance to the mining industry across the world (Kleyn & du Plessis 2016:309). Mining companies in many countries such as New Zealand, (an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean), Australia, South Africa and China have taken up the challenges of guaranteeing liability and improving performance of the safety and health of their workers, aware that many workers are injured, if not fatally. These incidents result in production loss. This study provides not only an opportunity to evaluate the status of the safety control measures of the work system in a mining company, but also enables management to pinpoint the causes of poor safety performance and implement efforts that ensure safety improvement. The primary objectives of this study were to examine factors influencing the adherence and employee perceptions towards safety control measures in a mining company. Furthermore, the governments in many countries have tried to implement legislation to try to curb the scourge of industrial accidents. Safety disclosures of the annual reports from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) of South African mining organisations, discloses 10 major mining accidents that happened in 2015 at Northern Cape mining companies. Six of these accidents occurring from a small mining sector and four from a large mining sector, except previous year’s safety records as detailed in this study. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study. The data were collected using a sample of 200 participants in which a survey questionnaire was administered to permanent mine employees and full time contractors in the mine. A simple sampling technique was used and data were then analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 to formulate frequency tables and descriptive analysis graphs. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were utilised to analyse the data and examine significant differences between employee perceptions and attitudes towards safety control measures, age and length of service (Willemse 2009:118-121). The results reveal that although the mine was considered compliant, with its employees showing a positive attitude towards safety control measures, ANOVA revealed different perceptions of employees based on their age and years of experience. However, no differences were found in relation to gender and occupation. Based on the findings, this study further recommends future studies to be conducted in order to explore the effectiveness of implementing an internal system of self-evaluation as a starting point in any safety improvement process. An effective system of internal self-evaluation will trademark the mining sector internationally and improve workers’ safety by improving effectiveness and assurance of the control measures and the level of control performance criteria. The system should create the awareness of adherence to safety control measures and deal with employee perception towards safety adherence in mining. In addition it should be a system that ensures a structured and standardised approach to learning from incidents and that all necessary steps are followed to safeguard against repeats of incidents and accidents through an effective incident investigation process (Van den Berg 2014:11). The findings of the study revealed that the leadership in the mine has a strong, positive and significant influence on the performance of safety. In this regard, this study recommends that an effective employee engagement system to be developed and that mine managers establish a safety control charter that must be understood by the mine workers, develop a code of ethics that requires ethical and honest behaviour from all employees in order to improve safety performance and learn from these accomplishments. Mine workers will take their cue from the attitude and example displayed by management, therefore, it is recommended that mine management develop an organisational culture, which assigns authority and responsibility to employees and organises and develops employees with direction provided by management that determines the type of culture in that mine. To minimise or reduce the risk of health exposure of each activity as highlighted under Regulation 9 of the Mine Health and Safety Act (29 of 1996), it is recommended that mine manager’s enforce the use of protective equipment. The leadership and human resources, mine workers and all persons who may be affected by the mining activities in the surrounding area of operation need to be aware of the factors that can impact their well-being. The study also presented managers, mine owner and other decision makers within the mining company with important insight on key areas of factors that may require particular attention in order to enhance their operational strategies towards zero harm in the mine.
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Kuo, Hung-Yuan, and 郭弘遠. "A Study on the Fire Safety of Main Control Room for the Lung-Men Nuclear Power Plant." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57335545696717008503.
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碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
99
Due to the fact that NPP (Nuclear power plant) is more and more important in a national security after the disaster at Fukushima Nuclear Power plant, the level of security of NPP is higher than the usual factories or other kinds of power plants. Except the risk of nuclear reactor, the most dangerous problem of NPP is cause by fire. Because that the major source of fire is the electrical cable and because no matter what we use to transport electric power or digital signals, we must have to use cable. Especially in the control room, there are a lot of switches and cables to control the nuclear reactor or other equipments to make sure that all situations will be under proper control. The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software was used in this study to simulate the situation. The FDS was developed by NIST (Nation Institute of Standards and Technology) to simulate the short circuit problem leading to fire at the main control room. In addition, the properties of the shielding of cable was specified in accordance with the data obtain from the hand book published by Nation Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to determine out the concentration of burning of the shielding materials resulting in smokes like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, together with the temperature profile of the main control room.