Journal articles on the topic 'Control Objects for Information and related Technology'

The article discusses the chronology and features of incidents related to information secu-rity at nuclear infrastructure facilities. A brief description of incidents in various countries, the motives of the attacks, measures taken to neutralize the measures and consequences are given. The features inherent in each of the cyberattacks are highlighted. It is shown that the problem of the existence of incidents related to information security at nuclear infrastructure facilities arose with the development and implementation of information and control systems usicomputer technology. This is clearly seen in the analysis of the chronology of the described inci-dents. The adoption of the federal law of the Russian Federation “On the security of critical infor-mation infrastructure of the Russian Federation” allows legal means to combat cyber attacks on nuclear infrastructure facilities

Serious Games (SG) provide a comfortable learning environment and are productive for various disciplines ranging from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) to computer programming. The Object Oriented (OO) paradigm includes objects related to real life, and is considered a natural domain that can be worked with. Nonetheless, mapping those real-life objects with basic Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts becomes a challenge for students to understand. Therefore, this study is concerned with designing and developing an SG prototype to overcome students’ difficulties and misconceptions in learning OOP and achieving positive learning outcomes. An experimental evaluation was carried out to show the difference between the experimental group students’ performance, who interact with the developed game, and students of the control group, who learn via the traditional instructional method. The experimental evaluations’ main finding is that the experimental group’s performance is better than the control group. The experimental group’s Normalized Learning Gain (NLG) is significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.005, pairedt-test). The evaluation study results show that the developed prototype’s perceived motivation on the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) 5-point Likert scale resulted in the highest mean score for attention (3.87) followed by relevance (3.66) subcategories. The results of this study show that the developed SG prototype is an effective tool in education, which improves learning outcomes and it has the potential to motivate students to learn OOP.

Recent technological development has led to the invention of different designs of haptic devices, electromechanical devices that mediate communication between the user and the computer and allow users to manipulate objects in a virtual environment while receiving tactile feedback. The main criteria behind providing an interactive interface are to generate kinesthetic feedback and relay information actively from the haptic device. Sensors and feedback control apparatus are of paramount importance in designing and manufacturing a haptic device. In general, haptic technology can be implemented in different applications such as gaming, teleoperation, medical surgeries, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) devices. This paper classifies the application of haptic devices based on the construction and functionality in various fields, followed by addressing major limitations related to haptics technology and discussing prospects of this technology.

Recently, special attention at implementation of the necessary level of information security is given to wireless technologies. Their use contributes to the growing demand for video information services. This is accompanied by an increase in the intensity of video streams and an increase in the processing time of video information, resulting in them far beyond the bandwidth of networks. Consequently, there is a contradiction that is caused: on the one hand, the growth of requirements for the quality of video information; on the other hand, difficulties in providing services of the given quality using wireless technologies.The article deals with issues related to the speed of the video stream of video information, depending on the quality of video data required, from spatial resolution and frame rate. The article concludes that with the trend of increasing the amount of video information in the complexes of the Hellenic Republic - it is necessary to improve the coding methods. In order to increase the efficiency of management and operational activities, it is proposed to improve the existing methods of encoding dynamic video streaming object with algorithms for motion compensation for video conferencing in the system of troop control. As a result, the article proposes a six-point algorithm for search, which can increase the efficiency and reduce the processing time of video information between subscribers. This approach, in the future, by improving the existing methods for encoding dynamic video streaming objects with algorithms of motion compensation, will improve the efficiency of using videoconferencing, for example, in the control system of troops.

Abstract The capability to adapt a manufacturing plant to changing requirements gains increasing importance in industrial production environments, e. g., triggered by Industrie 4.0 scenarios. A virtual as-built model of a manufacturing plant and its surrounding factory building provides important decision support and relevant information for digital twins, e. g., to trace assets and asset types across their whole lifetime, planning of renovations, plant and machine topology changes, or the simulation-based analysis of production processes. Based on point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning or photogrammetric acquisition, reverse engineering can be applied to extract and to reconstruct relevant objects in a form suitable for CAD programs. In this article, we review approaches to capture a scene by point measurements and to reconstruct the geometry of its components given specific object models. This comprises the discussion of various representation schemes for objects and their relations, strategies for object recognition, and the explication of methods for model instantiation. Furthermore, depending on the requirements for specific tasks, we identify technology gaps and specify the degree of maturity of the related techniques.

Introduction. Technologies of mathematical and logical modeling of problem solving according to the existing practice of their distribution are divided into two areas: widespread mathematical modeling and infological modeling which is currently underdeveloped, especially for sophisticated systems. Fundamental differences between these technologies, in particular for the machining preproduction, are that logical modeling is informationally and logically related to organization systems, and mathematical modeling is associated with control processes in the organization systems. Logical modeling is used to operate with geometric objects in the technological schemes of their interaction through basing methods, geometric shaping in a static (ideal) setting of the corresponding schemes. Mathematical simulation is used to operate material objects in the control processes of their transformations through cutting methods, i.e. imperfectly, considering heterogeneous errors. Between the organization systems under study and management processes in them, there are information and logical links of their organic unity, which deny their separate consideration. In the information deterministic technology for solving problems of a high-level automation, the distinction between the concepts of “mathematical” and “logical” modeling is relevant; it has scientific novelty and practical significance.Materials and Methods. To characterize the properties of the concepts of “mathematical modeling”, “logical modeling” and the knowledge functions resulting from the formulation of these concepts, fundamentally different methods and appropriate tools are used. The differentiation of the concepts under consideration is based on the differentiation of technologies (methods, appropriate tools, algorithms, operations) for solving applied problems of any knowledge domain.Research Results. The ideas of “logical modeling” and “mathematical modeling” are conceptual general-theoretical notions with invariant properties required for solving practical problems of any application domain. In accordance with the distinction between these concepts, the problem solving technologies are divided into two types: system engineering technology – in the organization of information object systems, and system science – in the management processes of transformation of the corresponding material objects. These areas should exist in the information and logical link of their organic unity.Discussion and Conclusions. The author distinguishes between the concepts of “logical modeling” and “mathematical modeling”, which is a key condition for a successful transition to the deterministic information technology of a high-level automation in solving practical problems of any knowledge domain, for example, of the production design machining

SISMIOP is the heart of the United Nations because all aspects of administrative management that can manage data objects and tax subjects that have been computerized start from the process of data collection, assessment, penyangihan, acceptance and service. The existence of SISMIOP is intended to create an accurate and up to date database by intercepting all UN administration activities into a container, so that the implementation is more uniform, simple, fast and efficient. To know how far the management of the Tax Object Management Information System (SISMIOP) that has been used by the Financial and Asset Management Revenue Service, it is necessary to measure by using good method and framework. The tools or tools used to evaluate the governance of SISMIOP are using Control Objective For Information and Related Technology 5 (COBIT 5.0). The COBIT 5.0 maturity model does not intend to measure a level very accurately or certify when a level is achieved, but rather to a relevant picture or condition of some level of maturity to be achieved, this model is appropriate when management wants to see conformity to the conditions of information technology development And proper maturity.

Engineering for design, analysis, and manufacturing planning of products has been integrated with other product related engineering activities such as control of manufacturing equipment, marketing, sales and customer services in product lifecycle management systems (PLM). This challenging complex of activities would be impossible without the support of recent information technology (IT). Descriptions of various engineering objects have been integrated into very complex product models. Main area of development in the next future is enhanced assistance of decisions in product modeling. Approach to high level of modeling and application of the highly integrated product model for simulation will be the virtual intelligent space where all outside and inside effects are reacted. In order to join this tendency, this paper introduces a methodology for integrated application of analysis of behaviors of modeled objects, adaptive actions for controlled modifications of engineering objects, and definition of optimal sets of parameters. In order to establish a virtual intelligent space, sensor signals in physical intelligent space are replaced by received change information and actuators are replaced by adaptive actions. In this paper, new concept of intelligent virtual product space (IVPS) as integrated description of physical product and other objects and processes is introduced. Following this, a method is proposed to include computational intelligence in product models in the form of control of behaviors of modeled product objects. Change management methods are explained in close connection with behavior analysis. Finally, some methods for control of the work of a virtual intelligent product space are detailed.

In article it is spoken about the necessity related to creation of mechanism of optimal state funding for R&amp;D. In this mechanism structure shall be included the systems of technical and economic audit of intellectual property objects. In accordance with part IV of the Russian Federation Civil code (art. 1225), it is possible to obtain the following two groups of intellectual property items as a result of R&amp;D on the area of information technologies: the items of patent law and copyright law. It is possible to carry out the information technologies’ technical audit with application of COBIT [Control Objectives for Information and related Technology] and PCI DSS [Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard] standards. Economic audit during R&amp;D in the area of information resources shall include the carrying out expert examinations on the costs of research and assessment of intellectual property items’ market value. All this shall lead to significant reduction of economic losses in the process of state financing related to research and development.

This paper has proposed a model of the computational core for the decision support system (DSS) when investing in the projects of information security (IS) of the objects of informatization (OBI). Including those OBI that can be categorized as critically important. Unlike existing solutions, the proposed model deals with decision-making issues in the ongoing process of investing in the projects to ensure the OBI IS by a group of investors. The calculations were based on the bilinear differential quality games with several terminal surfaces. Finding a solution to these games is a big challenge. It is due to the fact that the Cauchy formula for bilinear systems with arbitrary strategies of players, including immeasurable functions, cannot be applied in such games. This gives grounds to continue research on finding solutions in the event of a conflict of multidimensional objects. The result was an analytical solution based on a new class of bilinear differential games. The solution describes the interaction of objects investing in OBI IS in multidimensional spaces. The modular software product "Cybersecurity Invest decision support system " (Ukraine) for the Windows platform is described. Applied aspects of visualization of the results of calculations obtained with the help of DSS have been also considered. The Plotly library for the Python algorithmic language was used to visualize the results. It has been shown that the model reported in this work can be transferred to other tasks related to the development of DSS in the process of investing in high-risk projects, such as information technology, cybersecurity, banking, etc.

Due to the rapid penetration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into human life, illegal access to IoT resources (e.g., data and actuators) has greatly threatened our safety. Access control, which specifies who (i.e., subjects) can access what resources (i.e., objects) under what conditions, has been recognized as an effective solution to address this issue. To cope with the distributed and trust-less nature of IoT systems, we propose a decentralized and trustworthy Capability-Based Access Control (CapBAC) scheme by using the Ethereum smart contract technology. In this scheme, a smart contract is created for each object to store and manage the capability tokens (i.e., data structures recording granted access rights) assigned to the related subjects, and also to verify the ownership and validity of the tokens for access control. Different from previous schemes which manage the tokens in units of subjects, i.e., one token per subject, our scheme manages the tokens in units of access rights or actions, i.e., one token per action. Such novel management achieves more fine-grained and flexible capability delegation and also ensures the consistency between the delegation information and the information stored in the tokens. We implemented the proposed CapBAC scheme in a locally constructed Ethereum blockchain network to demonstrate its feasibility. In addition, we measured the monetary cost of our scheme in terms of gas consumption to compare our scheme with the existing Blockchain-Enabled Decentralized Capability-Based Access Control (BlendCAC) scheme proposed by other researchers. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the BlendCAC scheme in terms of the flexibility, granularity, and consistency of capability delegation at almost the same monetary cost.

The paper deals with topical issues related to the protection of critical infrastructure, which depend on the survival of the human community. It is shown that rapid progress in the field of information technology, on the one hand, allows the modern economies of many countries to become inextricably interconnected; interfering with the work of critical infrastructure. The analysis of what are the true causes of such close attention to such objects by cyber terrorists. Top 10 major threats to industrial control systems are presented. The following steps determine the criticality of the infrastructure objects. The following is a list of 11 critical sectors and 37 relevant sub-sectors identified by the European Union. The answer is given to the question with which target countries should develop national strategies for the protection of critical infrastructure objects. A strategy for quantifying the level of security of critical infrastructure against the risk of third-party cybernetic exposure is proposed. The necessity to unite different elements of protection of critical infrastructure objects by states is substantiated. It is important that cybersecurity policies should be central to the protection of critical infrastructure. It is noted that not all national cybersecurity strategies provide the same place and relevance for critical infrastructure. It is noted that when developing a national strategy for the protection of critical infrastructure, it is important to compile a comprehensive list of all relevant national policies. It is concluded that today it is an important tool for the protection of critical infrastructure

The article deals with development of the system of border checkpoints operating within the objects of transport infrastructure.A classification of three blocks of tasks related to infrastructure, control technologies, and administration has been proposed.The necessity of unification of requirements for design, construction, reconstruction, equipment and technical equipment of buildings, premises and facilities necessary for organization of border, customs and other types of control carried out at checkpoints, their integration with transport infrastructure facilities (sea and river ports, airports, railway stations) at the design stage are explained.Optimization approaches are proposed, including use of promising information technology in organization and operation of border checkpoints. In addition, it is concluded that it is necessary to organize training and advanced training of specialists in this field on the basis of transport universities.

RFID is a new technology that is quickly gaining ground in healthcare industry. RFID is being used in many areas of healthcare from asset tracking to patient care to access control. RFID can also be used to provide real-time information for decision support and to create a smart hospital supported by a secure and reliable smart hospital management information system (SHMIS). Such system can enable hospitals dynamically control different objects and transforms operational processes while minimizing any potential risks to patients and staff. The objective of this article is to discuss how RFID can be used to build a smart hospital and how healthcare industry can gain long-term benefits from smart hospitals. Findings indicate that use of RFID to develop smart hospitals require various enablers. There also exist ethical/cultural issues related to smart hospital implementation that require close collaboration among RFID products manufactures and healthcare providers. This article also provides several recommendations for healthcare industry in order gain competitive advantage from the use of smart hospitals.

The key task of society development is to ensure rational use of natural resources and related continuous monitoring of natural and technical systems state. Regarding the growing problems of ensuring operational control of critical infrastructure facilities, tasks of epidemiological and environmental protection, solving the issues of developing new information technologies that meet modern requirements for scientific and practical activities and implementing their software and hardware modules for supporting decision-making on the presence of qualitative anomalous changes in monitoring data aimed at ensuring information and metrological reliability of control systems, becomes critical for the life support of the population. An information technology and a software and hardware module for supporting decision-making on the presence of qualitative abnormal changes in sample data, which are predictors of significant changes in the internal state of monitored objects, natural-technical systems or control devices, are proposed. A method for choosing parametric criteria for the difference in monitoring data using numerical measures of Shannon information entropy and Kullback-Leibler divergence is presented. The use of the developed and demonstrated in practice methodology makes it possible to achieve an increase in the accuracy, convergence and reproducibility of measurements through the use of numerical statistical modeling to obtain a numerical estimate of confident recognition boundaries of a qualitative anomalous change in the shape and shift of the sample distribution of monitoring data, including small samples.

Introduction: The problem of designing information control systems for MIMO systems requires a comprehensive analysis of their operational and technological regimes. Artificial intelligence methods can be used to solve problems related to building models and their optimization in conditions of uncertainty when it is necessary to make prompt decisions.Purpose:Developing a methodology for designing an intelligent information control system which would be invariant to various MIMO systems and could promptly synthesize energy-efficient control actions in real time, taking into account the features of these objects.Results:A static model has been developed for a frame-based knowledge base of an information-control system for energy-intensive process plants in dynamic operation modes. It allows you to take into account the number of states of the operating capability of the control object, many states of its operation, and destabilizing factors of various types. An integrated graph is proposed for generalized intellectualization technology of synthesizing energy-saving control actions for MIMO thermal facilities in warm-up mode.Practical relevance: The created knowledge base structure allows you to promptly provide information for modules realizing algorithmic support of an intelligent information and control system, which in turn makes it possible to synthesize energy-efficient control of a MIMO thermal facility in real time. In addition, energysaving control is characterized by a smooth flow of thermal processes, and this leads to increased durability and safety of the equipment operation.

The successful solution of practical cosmonautics problems is largely achieved by contemporary advances in measurement and computing technology, as well as by improvements in methods of primary and secondary processing of trajectory measurements. Therefore, in long-range programs of space exploration and space technology development, much attention is paid to improving existing and developing new algorithmic and technical means of navigation support for flights of space objects with the purpose to expand capabilities and increasing the efficiency of autonomous navigation systems of spacecraft, as well as ground-based and perspective orbital systems of space monitoring. Currently, active work is underway to modernize and develop promising complexes of specialized optoelectronic devices for monitoring near-Earth space based on angular measurements. The article considers the application of the variational approach for solving problems of statistical estimation of the trajectory parameters of the orbital object by angular measurements, which were carried out by ground-based optoelectronic means that are part of the modern space control system. Models and algorithms for determining estimates of orbital parameters that implement the variational version of the maximum likelihood method are presented, as well as the results of test calculations related to iterative solution of the two-point boundary value problem of variational estimation. The main purpose of the numerical calculations is a study of convergence of the proposed estimation algorithm, as well as the impact of measurement errors on the displacement of the obtained estimates relative to their exact values. The simulation results, presented in the article, correspond to the conditions of the orbital motion of METEOR PRIRODA spacecraft and were obtained using the ephemeris data of the NORAD catalog in TLE-elements.

Multiple projects within the rail industry across different regions have been initiated to address the issue of over-population. These expansion plans and upgrade of technologies increases the number of intersections, junctions, and level crossings. A level crossing is where a railway line is crossed by a road or right of way on the level without the use of a tunnel or bridge. Level crossings still pose a significant risk to the public, which often leads to serious accidents between rail, road, and footpath users and the risk is dependent on their unpredictable behavior. For Great Britain, there were three fatalities and 385 near misses at level crossings in 2015–2016. Furthermore, in its annual safety report, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) highlighted the risk of incidents at level crossings during 2016/17 with a further six fatalities at level crossings including four pedestrians and two road vehicles. The relevant authorities have suggested an upgrade of the existing sensing system and the integration of new novel technology at level crossings. The present work addresses this key issue and discusses the current sensing systems along with the relevant algorithms used for post-processing the information. The given information is adequate for a manual operator to make a decision or start an automated operational cycle. Traditional sensors have certain limitations and are often installed as a “single sensor”. The single sensor does not provide sufficient information; hence another sensor is required. The algorithms integrated with these sensing systems rely on the traditional approach, where background pixels are compared with new pixels. Such an approach is not effective in a dynamic and complex environment. The proposed model integrates deep learning technology with the current Vision system (e.g., CCTV to detect and localize an object at a level crossing). The proposed sensing system should be able to detect and localize particular objects (e.g., pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicles at level crossing areas.) The radar system is also discussed for a “two out of two” logic interlocking system in case of fail-mechanism. Different techniques to train a deep learning model are discussed along with their respective results. The model achieved an accuracy of about 88% from the MobileNet model for classification and a loss metric of 0.092 for object detection. Some related future work is also discussed.

We put forward architecture of a framework for integration of data from moving objects related to urban transportation network. Most of this research refers to the GPS outdoor geolocation technology and uses distributed cloud infrastructure with big data NoSQL database. A network of intelligent mobile sensors, distributed on urban network, produces congestion traffic patterns. Congestion predictions are based on extended simulation model. This model provides traffic indicators calculations, which fuse with the GPS data for allowing estimation of traffic states across the whole network. The discovery process of congestion patterns uses semantic trajectories metamodel given in our previous works. The challenge of the proposed solution is to store patterns of traffic, which aims to ensure the surveillance and intelligent real-time control network to reduce congestion and avoid its consequences. The fusion of real-time data from GPS-enabled smartphones integrated with those provided by existing traffic systems improves traffic congestion knowledge, as well as generating new information for a soft operational control and providing intelligent added value for transportation systems deployment.

Intelligent computer-aided design is impossible without the object of design, component parts, participants of the process and analysis of their relations. The control of these relations was performed without computer. Therefore the processes flew without optimal criteria and technics of optimisation. Renovation of a building will depend on three most important concerned groups involved in the process: customers; designing organisations; building and constructing organisations. The entire process of design—from the idea to complete documentation—must be planned and executed with consideration of goals aspired by the interested parties—customers, designers and construction organisations. This process should realise the cycles of design, co-ordination and expertise of final solution. There are one-stage or two-stage design processes in traditional design process (Fig 2). Development of the project by one or two stages is pointed out by the design task of customer and depends upon technical complexity of the object. Complex objects are designed by a two-stage design process. One-stage design (Fig 3) is used, when the object is not complicated and includes many typical constructions. A great deal of graphics, economical data, accepted standards, rules are used in today's design process. While designing a building, the information flow could be controlled with the help of intelligent systems of design. Some information systems can be applied to different parts of a building. Fig 4 represents the structure of information system for roof design. Any part of information system is a complex object. Parts of information system for roof design are related to graphical-geometrical information. Relations between elements of roof intelligent design system are represented in Fig 5. Structure of some elements of information system (Fig 6) and internal relations are complex and manifold, so managing is possible only by intelligent design system. During the process of intelligent system design the same participants take part as in the traditional process: customers, design organisations, building and constructing organisations, but the relations between these participants are of a new quality. Fig 7 represents the relations between traditional participants and the flow of up-to-date information. The process of intelligent design differs from the traditional one by the following features: the intelligent system includes features of traditional design (design, expertise, coordination, renewing), but it is the system of new technology and quality due to the possibility of real optimisation; the process of renovation of dwelling houses roofs has an important feature, namely, a possibility for the unification of the design process. Rational composition of unificated projects can and must be supported by computer aided graphical and non-graphical databases with possibilities of the intelligent design; relations between data groups of a design object (Fig 7—A, B, C and D) can be managed by computer intelligent software. The intelligent process has some problems: the main stages of the roof design are related to considerations and financial possibilities of customers, aesthetical and architectural evaluation. These stages are related by three main interested groups (customers, design organisations, building and constructing organisations) and other institutions of the government. They can be optimised only by computer at intelligent level; the problem of information flowing, because methods of presentation of data must be co-ordinated with customers, design organisations, building and constructing organisations. Control techniques must be provided for its managing; data and knowledge bases must be continuously formed and renewed until using “Internet” and other modern methods for information transmission.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore persuasive rhetoric by critically scrutinizing metaphorical devices utilized by leaders of the cloud industry. This paper introduces a critical approach to the promotion of cloud technology. Design/methodology/approach In total, 13 video clips from YouTube were analyzed, containing presentations and talks delivered by leaders of Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon – four of the most influential companies within the information technology industry, sometimes referred to as GAFA. With the help of conceptual metaphor theory, often-repeated metaphors for cloud technologies reveal what properties were promoted and hidden. Findings GAFA mainly used the same persuasive metaphors to promote cloud computing’s positive aspects. Potentially negative or complex issues were mostly avoided. Cloud technology was uniformly described in metaphors of control, empowerment, transformation and automation. Implicitly, GAFA exerts power through the extensive dissemination of their metaphors and these are used in order to negotiate and overcome doubts about cloud computing and related technologies. Originality/value This is the first study aimed at understanding the persuasive rhetoric of GAFA, seen as a uniform object of study.

It is difficult to introduce highly versatile automation using robots to handling deformable objects such as thread, cloth, wire, long beams, and thin plates in plant production processes, compared to the handling of rigid objects. Office equipment handles deformable objects such as paper and plastic. Problems unique to these objects is caused by speeding up such equipment and demand for upgrading its accuracy. In agriculture and medical care, automatic, intelligent handling of deformable objects such as fruit and animals has long been desired and practical systems sought. Deformable objects whose handling should be versatiley and accurately automated are classified into two groups based on handling: (A) Flexible, mostly thin, fine objects capable of elastic deformation (B) Soft objects easily crushed, such as soft fruits or animals The problem in handling the first group is controlling object deformation of an infinite degree of freedom with a finite number of manipulated variables. In contrast, a significant problem in handling the second group is often how to handle them without exerting excessive stress and how to handle them safely and reliably. The handling of these two groups differ greatly in mechanics and control theory, and this special issue focuses on the first group — flexible objects — mechanical collection and transport studies, control, and software. Recent studies on their handling are classified into four groups for convenience based on handled objects and types of handling task: (a) Control of deformation, internal force, and vibration or path planning of flexible objects (mainly thin plates and beams) using single or multiple manipulators. (b) Task understanding in insertion of elastic into rigid parts and vice versa, and the study of human skills to help robots accomplish these task. (c) Approaches on improved accuracy, intelligent control, and vibration damping in handling and transfer of sheets and strings with low flexural rigidity, represented by paper or wire. (d) Strategies for grasping and unfolding sheets such as cloth whose flexural rigidity is almost nil. For (a), studies are active on deformation control by two robot hands attempting to grasp cloth. 1-3) In the automobile industry, so-called flexible fixtureless assembly systems are advancing in which two robots process or assemble parts in mid-air without a fixed table to reduce lead time and cost. These systems are mostly developed assuming handled parts are rigid. Nguyen et al. work assuming parts such as sheet metal whose deformation must be taken into consideration.1) Nakagaki et al. propose form estimation that considers even plastic deformation in wire handling by robots, in connection with the development of robots for electric wire installation.4) Many studies cover flexible wire as elastic beams,3-9) but comparatively few focus on bending deformation of thin plates. This special edition includes a paper by Kosuge et al. on thin-plate deformation control. Vibration control of grasped objects becomes important as speed increases. Matsuno kindly contributed his paper on optimum path planning in elastic plate handling. In controlling the deformation of elastic bodies, the mechanics of objects handled is often unknown. This special issue features a paper by Kojima et al. on an approach to this problem by adaptive feed-forward control. For (b), we consider three cases: (1) A cylindrical rigid body inserted into a hole on an elastic plate. (2) An elastic bar inserted into a hole on a rigid body. (3) A tubular elastic body put on a cylindrical rigid body. This special issue carries papers on these problems by Brata et al., Matsuno et al., and Hirai. For (2), a paper by Nakagaki et al.10) covers electric wire installation. For (3), the paper by Shima et al.11) covers insertion of a rigid axis into an elastic hose. Robot skill acquisition is an important issue in robotics in general, and the above papers should prove highly interesting and information because they treat studies by comparing robot and human skills in accomplishing work and acquiring concrete skills knowledge. For (c), attempts are made to theoretically analyze sheet handling mechanisms and control developed based on trial and error, and to structure design theory based on such analysis. These attempts are related to the increased accuracy and speed and enhanced intelligence of sheet-handling office automation equipment such as printers, facsimile machines, copiers, and automated teller machines. Yoshida et al. conducted a series of studies on the effects of guides forming paper feed paths and of inertia force of paper by approximating sheets with a chain of discrete masses and springs.12-14) This special edition also features a study on sheet sticking and jamming. Okuna et al. handles a system of similar nature, mechanical studying the form of paper guides.15) Introducing mechanisms to control the positioning of sheets is effective in raising sheet transfer accuracy. Feedback control that regulates feed roller skew angle as a manipulated variable is proposed.16) Increased reliability in separating single sheets from stacked effectively reduces the malfunction rate in sheet-handling equipment. Ways of optimizing the form of sheet-separation rollers17) and estimating frictional force between separation gates and sheets 18) are also proposed. This special issue contains a proposal by Nakazawa et al. of a mechanism that uses reactive sheet buckling force, made in connection with development of a newspaper page turner for the disabled as technology for separating single sheets. Dry frictional force is most widely used for transporting sheets, but is not stable and may even act as an obstacle to improving accuracy. Niino et al. propose a sheet transfer mechanism that uses electrostatic force.19) For improving the accuracy of flexible wire transmission, this special issue carries a study on transporting flexible thin wire through tension control at multiple points, from a study by Morimitsu et al. on optical fiber installation. The thickness of wire used in equipment is becoming increasingly slim and flexible, along with the equipment it is used in. Tension control in the production process is an important factor in the manufacture of such thin wire. Production efficiency constantly calls for increased transfer speed. It has thus become important to estimate air resistance and inertia and to measure and control the tension of running wire. Studies20,21) by Batra, Fraser, et al. which deal the motion of string in the spinning process provide good examples for learning analytical techniques for air drag and inertia. In string vibration where inertia dominates, attempts are made to control vibration by boundary shaking22,23) and feed-forward/back control.24) For (d), highly versatile robots for handling cloth are being developed, and the software technology for automatic cloth selection and unfolding by robot hands is a popular topic.25-27) Ono et al. comment on the nature of problems in developing intelligent systems for handling cloth and similar objects whose bending rigidity is low and which readily fold and overlap—a paper that will prove a good reference in basic approaches in this field. Mechanical analyses are indispensable to studies on (a) through (c). In contrast, information technology such as characteristic variable measurement, image processing, and discrimination, rather than mechanical analyses, play an important roles in studies on (d). This special issue features a study by Hamashima, Uraya et al. on cloth unfolding as an example of such studies. Studies up to now largely assumed that properties of grasped objects did not change environmental influences such as temperature and humidity. Such influence is often, however, a major factor in handling fiber thread and cloth. This special issue has a paper contributed by Taylor, who studies handling method to prevent influence by such environmental factors. The objective of this special issue will have been achieved if it aids those studying the handling of flexible objects by providing approaches and methodologies of researchers whose target objects differ and if it aids those planning to take up study in this field by providing a general view of this field. 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JSME, 61-583, 938-943, (1995). 9) Sun, D. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Impedance Control of a Two-Manipulator System Handling a Flexible Beam,"" Trans. of the ASME, 119, 736-742, (1997). 10) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K. and Tukune, H., ""Contact Motion in Inserting a Flexible Wire into a Hole,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 175-178, (1995). 11) Shimaji, S., Brata, A. and Hattori, H., ""Robot Skill in Assembling a Cylinder into an Elastic Hose,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 752-755, (1995). 12) Yoshida, K. and Kawauchi, M., ""The Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (1st Reprt, Study of Spring-Mass Beam Model of the Sheet,"" Trans. of JSME, 58-552, 1474-1480, (1992). 13) Yoshida, K., ""Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (2nd Report, Static Analysis for Deformation of the Sheet in the Space Formed by Guide Plates),"" Trans. JSME, 60-570, 501-507, (1994). 14) Yoshida, K., ""Dynamic Analysis of Sheet Defofmation Using Spring-Mass-Beam Model,"" Trans. JSME, 63-615, 3926-3932 (1997). 15) Okuna, K., Nishigaito, T. and Shina, Y., ""Analysis of Paper Deformation Considering Guide Friction (Improvement of Paper Path for Paper-Feeding Mechanism),"" Trans. JSME, 60-575, 2279-2284, (1994). 16) Fujimura, H. and Ono, K., ""Analysis of Paper Motion Driven by Skew-Roll Paper Feeding System,"" Trans. JSME, 62-596, 1354-1360, (1996). 17) Shima, Y., Hattori, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Optimum of Gate-Roller Shape in Paper Isolating Methods,"" Conference of Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'96), 61-62, (1996). 18) Suzuki, Y, Hattori, S., Shima, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Contact Analysis of Paper in Gate-Roller Handling Method"", Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'95), 19-20, (1995). 19) Niino, T., Egawa, S. and Higuchi, T., ""An Electrostatic Paper Feeder,"" J. of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 60-12,1761-1765, (1994). 20) Batra, S., Ghosh, T. and Zeidman, M., ""An Integrated Approach to Dynamic Analysis of the Ring Spinning Process , PartII: With Air Drag,"" Textile Research Journal, 59, 416-424, (1989). 21) Fraser, W., Ghosh, T. and Batra, S., ""On Unwinding Yarn from a Cylindrical Package,"" Proceedings of Royal Society of London, A, 436, 479-438, (1992). 22) Jacob, S., ""Control of Vibrating String Using Impedance Matching,"" Proceedings of the American Control Conference (San Francisco),468-472, (1993). 23) Lee, S. and Mote, C., ""Vibration Control of an Axially Moving String by Boundary Control,"" Trans. of the ASME, J. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 118, 66-74, (1996). 24) Ying, S. and Tan, C., ""Active Vibration Control of the Axially Moving String Using Space Feedforward and Feedback Controllers,"" Trans. ASME, J. of Vibration and Acoustics, 118, 306-312, (1996). 25) Ono, E., Ichijo, H. and Aisaka, N., ""Flexible Robotic Hand for Handling Fabric Pieces in Garment Manufacture,"" International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 4-5,18-23, (1992). 26) Paraschidis, K., Fahantidis, N, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G, ""A Robotic System for Handling Textile and Non Rigid Flat Materials,"" Computers in Industry, 26, 303-313, (1995). 27) Fahantidis, N., Paraschidis, K, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G., ""Robot Handling of Flat Textile Materials,"" IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 4-1, 34-41, (1997).

Introduction. The experience of developing the economies of the developed countries of the world suggests that it is directly related to the evolution of transport and infrastructure. In most of countries, intelligent transport systems (ITS) are under investigation as one of the scientific directions of the symbiosis of the economy - technology – telematics, and considered as the most effective tool for solving transport problems. The efforts of international organizations, state representatives in the field of transport, scientists, entrepreneurs and the public are aimed at such key areas as: significant increase in both the safety of transport on all modes of transport and capacity grows of the transport system of the country. Purpose. The goal of the article is to develop a single integrated approach to the definition of the term ITS and to provide a general classification system with details on the management objects. Methods. To achieve the goal methods have been used based on the systems approach, management theory and decision-making theory. The system analysis has been used to determine the scientific task. Results. In order to implement the tasks of transport management in terms of ITS, the system analysis of the field of research has been carried out in the article, including the systematization of the definition and the construction of a general classification system with details on the management objects. The analysis of the subject area of ITS usage has allowed establishing the main classes of the analyzed objects, to classify the tasks of monitoring characteristics, organization of management of transport flows and transportation process, information support for participants, organization of transport infrastructure management. Research of the literature sources allowed to form an integrated approach to the ITS classification system, which includes both systems introduced in the objects of transport infrastructure and in the management of transport flows. In the addition to the above, the main thing in the infrastructure objects is the terminal monitoring and management system, as well as the security management system. Conclusion. ITS is a new type of transport management systems that are gradually replaced by automated control systems. They are focused on modeling various cases and forecasting of dangerous situations and be used for decision-making tool in the condition of great complexity and large amounts of data. ITC can be considered as an important component of the modern integrated approach to improving the efficiency of the functioning of the country's transport system by expanding their information infrastructure: automated data collection on state of the system in real time, modeling direct and indirect operational impact on the formation and change of transport flows.

Abstract. To implement the protocol contrasting the diffusion of Covid-19, the employer is required, to ensure the safety and health of the worker at work, to adopt measures related to the control of body temperature (with respect for privacy), the minimum distance during work and all other activities such as breaks, canteen breaks, access to toilets, in addition to the adoption of specifically developed safety procedures, such as e.g. the use of man-down detection devices. In this context, the project aims to illustrate a system able of providing support in the safeguarding of workers' health on construction sites. This system, based on information received from sensors capable of identifying workers' positions (e.g., if less than 1m away) and their vital parameters (e.g., body temperature, gasped breathing), as well as moving objects inside the construction site area (e.g., to check if a worker is passing under a moving crane), will raise early alerts directly to the workers and/or to the central software, with respect for privacy, to immediately activate all the necessary measures to mitigate the risk. The system, based on the data communicated by the various sensors, will store and process them for the purpose of extracting useful information for risk management. The proposed system configured itself as a new product taking advantage from a high Technology Readiness Level maturated from the Smart Safety Belt already developed by some of the authors.

Perception of the fruit tree canopy is a vital technology for the intelligent control of a modern standardized orchard. Due to the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the fruit tree canopy, morphological parameters extracted from two-dimensional (2D) or single-perspective 3D images are not comprehensive enough. Three-dimensional information from different perspectives must be combined in order to perceive the canopy information efficiently and accurately in complex orchard field environment. The algorithms used for the registration and fusion of data from different perspectives and the subsequent extraction of fruit tree canopy related parameters are the keys to the problem. This study proposed a 3D morphological measurement method for a fruit tree canopy based on Kinect sensor self-calibration, including 3D point cloud generation, point cloud registration and canopy information extraction of apple tree canopy. Using 32 apple trees (Yanfu 3 variety) morphological parameters of the height (H), maximum canopy width (W) and canopy thickness (D) were calculated. The accuracy and applicability of this method for extraction of morphological parameters were statistically analyzed. The results showed that, on both sides of the fruit trees, the average relative error (ARE) values of the morphological parameters including the fruit tree height (H), maximum tree width (W) and canopy thickness (D) between the calculated values and measured values were 3.8%, 12.7% and 5.0%, respectively, under the V1 mode; the ARE values under the V2 mode were 3.3%, 9.5% and 4.9%, respectively; and the ARE values under the V1 and V2 merged mode were 2.5%, 3.6% and 3.2%, respectively. The measurement accuracy of the tree width (W) under the double visual angle mode had a significant advantage over that under the single visual angle mode. The 3D point cloud reconstruction method based on Kinect self-calibration proposed in this study has high precision and stable performance, and the auxiliary calibration objects are readily portable and easy to install. It can be applied to different experimental scenes to extract 3D information of fruit tree canopies and has important implications to achieve the intelligent control of standardized orchards.

The development of the theoretical doctrine of the functions of law is associated with the creation of fundamental scientific knowledge about legal phenomena, processes and events. An important place in this case is occupied by an understanding of the impact of law on public, political, economic processes, civil society institutions, the binding of state power institutions to the norms of law, as well as legal motivation and identification of a person. Scientific knowledge about the state, determination and laws of the functions of law, their functioning in the information and legal space, is formed at the intersection of industry and intersectoral generalizations, the absorption of certain signs, phenomena and processes. Such knowledge relates, firstly, to the development of a methodology for the analysis of new social and legal phenomena (development of the technology of scientific analysis), and, secondly, they are realized in the context of obtaining and consolidating in the practical plane legal facts, concepts, events (development of legal praxeology). The scientific and practical problems of the functional purpose of law are related to the issues of management tools based on law, society’s self-preservation, legal security, legal consolidation and professional competence, as well as the development of legal awareness, legal culture and legal mentality of Ukrainian citizens. A theoretical analysis of the problems of the function of law can be properly carried out in determining the public boundaries of the emergence and change of legal relations, including those combined in protective, regulatory, organizational jurisdictions; at the present stage, such jurisdictions are mainly departmental or sectoral in nature. Among the many legal phenomena that have become the object of functional analysis, such phenomena as the state and quality of the legal system, the quality of legislation, the sequence of legal policy, legal civilization, regulation and control of public relations have recently attracted attention. The conceptual apparatus of legal science has recently increased significantly, although at the same time the methodological circle of concepts and methods of analysis practically remains the same. Conclusion: the theory of the functions of law makes it possible to determine the objects, objects and methodology of scientific knowledge of law in its functional purpose, integrative interpretation of legal concepts and categories. Key words: functions of law, influence of law, binding by the right of power, legal identification, expansion of the methodology of scientific analysis, restrictions on human rights, jurisdictions.

In the article, the authors conduct research on the problem of stabilization of dynamic parameters of an adaptive information-control system of a ground-based robotic complex in disturbed environment. The research concept is based on the latest trends in the development of third-generation robotics objects; on the definition of the robotic complex, as an autonomous substrate means of reproducing physical functions and automating the intellectual activity of a person in the process of active interaction of the component structures of the robotic complex with the environment; on the technology of integrating the ground-based robotic complex into the system of the highest level of hierarchy, in particular, in the system of providing or performing special tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The methodological preamble of the stated problems is being updated, the description of which occurs in relation to the model of substrate modification of the spatially distributed structure of the ground-based robotic complex. The purpose of the study is related to the application of methodological description to the problem of stabilization of the dynamic parameters of the adaptive control system of the mobile substrate structure of a ground-based robotics complex in a disturbed environment. Consequences of the presented description were announced, according to which stability is given priority as an integral-substrate property, which combines various types of stability of mobile spatially distributed structures of the ground robotic complex in time, and also characterizes their general structural and functional organization throughout operating time. The existence of the potential stability of the substrate structures of the ground-based robotic complex in cases of their resistance to the negative influence of external disturbances in time is confirmed. The absence of an inverse relationship was noted, that is, the component structures of the ground-based robotic complex that are resistant to external factors will not necessarily be stable. The target result was obtained in the context of the general scientific paradigm and can serve as an application for the concept of ensuring the effective functioning of mobile spatially distributed structures of the ground-based robotic complex in the integrated project "object-system".

At present, the methodology of mathematical modeling and computational experiment has become an integral part of the general approaches characteristic of modern information technologies. Its practical implementation significantly increases the efficiency of engineering developments, especially when creating fundamentally new, prototype-free machines and devices, materials and technologies. It allows you to reduce the time and money spent on the use of advanced achievements of physics, chemistry, mechanics and other basic sciences in engineering. In recent years, new trends in hydromechanics related to nanotechnology have been developing [1]. In traditional hydrodynamics, the motion of gases and liquids in macroscopic dimensions is studied. Micro- and nanohydrodynamics is a field of mechanics in which the movement of gas and liquid is studied in sizes that are conditionally related to the field of nanotechnology (less than 100 nm = 0.1 μm). Microhydrodynamics is used in the development of elements of inkjet technology and inkjet printing devices, in describing the movement of microorganisms and large molecules, as well as in various branches of the chemical and transport industry [2]. However, in connection with the use of modern technologies for controlling production processes, more and more accurate studies of related processes are needed. This concerns, first of all, the control of the movement of continuous media in many areas of industry, in transport, everyday life and public utilities. There is a growing interest in the study of flows of various kinds with extraneous inclusions, for example, steam and gas and slag inclusions in the foundry industry, particles in cooling systems in the power industry, particles in the mineral processing industry, particles of chemical compounds in the chemical industry, objects of transportation in hydraulic and pneumatic transport and in many other areas.

With multi-stereoscopy technology, novel projection-based immersive systems now can support multiple users by providing each one with an independent stereoscopic view of the virtual scene. When users work face-to-face, they may have an incorrect view if objects are located between them. In this case, avatars can be introduced to enable face-to-face interaction in the virtual world, whereas they are side-by-side in the real device. As a consequence, such multi-user systems provide the users with a new kind of perceptual immersion and related cognitive experiences, because users must handle both information from the real world (i.e., other users' bodies) and those from the virtual scene (i.e., other users' avatars) at the same time. In this study, we experimentally created special interaction situations to examine the perceptual conflicts generated by the dual-presence of the real and virtual visual and audio stimuli. In a two-user scenario, participants performed an object-picking task according to three types of instructions (verbal, gestural, or multimodal instructions) given by an experimenter. This co-located experimenter was also virtually present by an avatar in the virtual world to enable face-to-face interactions with the participants. Our goal was to observe to what extent the perceptual conflicts induced by the dual-presence of the experimenter can be integrated without significantly altering the performance of the participants. For that, we studied the influence of such perceptual conflicts on participants' choice of collaborator (whether they interacted with the avatar or the real experimenter) and on their task efficiency. As the results showed, first users had an a priori choice of collaborator (avatar or real person) and this choice did not change under different experimental conditions. Second, perceptual conflicts had an impact on users' performance in terms of task completion time. We discuss the implications of these results for designing a better immersive system for co-located collaboration between multiple users.

Introduction. The article examines the intelligent technologies of business management. It is established that an important factor of successful entrepreneurship is to increase the efficiency of management by optimizing management methods. Goal. The goal of the article is research and development of intelligent technologies of business management Results. Leadership has been found to be achieved through unique intangible factors. The system of support of administrative decisions based on flexible response to inquiries of consumer capital is analyzed. The main direction of formation of a new (intellectual) economy is the formation of human capital, its intellectualization, the presence of a component of knowledge and creativity in its activities. The transition to a new level of management is carried out through the integrated development of the management information system, so one of the main conditions for modeling the management system is the process of business intellectualization. Management involves the presence of an entity that controls (the control part of the control system) and an object that is controlled (the controlled part of the control system). The peculiarity of this system, which is to provide the necessary information for management decisions, is revealed. Process, system and situational approaches to management, which provide a set of continuous series of situational management functions performed in the business entity, are highlighted. Entrepreneurs who invest in the development of IT-technologies are largely interested not in the mathematical correctness or reliability of the results, but in the practical significance of the conclusions. A process control scheme has been formed, where a step-by-step solution of a number of problems is required. It is stated that the system is an ordered set of related, interacting elements or parts, united into a single whole and functioning to achieve a strategic goal. The main task of the control system is to ensure optimal (rational) functioning of the control object (transfer it to the target state). Optimality is ensured by the correct choice of the goal, ways to achieve it and the technology of movement to the goal (sequence of tasks) with the existing limitations on resources.

Ukraine is at the last places at the international ratings concerning safety of life. It is related first of all to the fields of technogenic safety and fire safety. The values of annual losses due to fires, accidents and due to other emergency situations reach billions of hryvna, which is the essential part of the national budget and they have the increasing trends. Such situation is common for almost all branches of the industry of Ukraine except for the nuclear energy of Ukraine, which is under the additional guidance and under the additional control of the international organizations. The authors of this paper consider the prevalence of obsolete paradigm of safety management based on inspection control without risk evaluations and the insignificant adoption of the digital technologies. Modern safety management should be based on the detailed analysis of the working conditions, personnel safety modelling, popula-tion and the environment, causes of the possible emergency situations, possible errors of the personnel and thus identifying measures and means to prevent fires and accidents and reducing possible conse-quences. It should be the modern information technology based on the paradigm of risk-based approach, in general. This technology implies the existence of databases, accumulation of the statistical data with prompt professional processing of them, modelling of dangerous situations with live risk assessment, with permanent risk monitoring and the measures to maintain the risk at the acceptable level. Methods and algorithms for solving these problems must be defined, which allow automated processing of cur-rent values of risk parameters by computer devices in Windows and Android environments. The authors propose new algorithms for monitoring the current risk situation based on a modernized method of fail-ure and consequence analysis, by detailed analysis of loss due to partial failures of security systems, and summarizing the results of analysis by convolution in all areas of inspection and all hazardous objects.

The high pace of technology has redefined street furniture as smart devices that contribute to build future cities. Thus, it is a combination of passion; skills, ideas and tools of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) converted into finished products. ICT is a catalyst for cities to address these challenges in a ‘smart’ manner that links and strengthens networks of people, businesses, infrastructures, resources, energy and spaces. On the other hand, one of the most important components to be adopted for designing Smart Cities is the IT service management (ITSM). It refers to the entirety of the activities directed by policies, organized and structured to plan, design, operate and control ITSM offered to citizens by adopting a process approach towards management, focusing on their needs and stressing continual improvement.New trends in urban planning are heading to draw a new future- a Smart City that is able to link the physical capital with the social one. Street furniture, as an important element of Smart Cities, is a term used to define objects in public spaces. Such concept is related to the context of wireless infrastructure and house small-cell units. They are considered –visually- as common and tolerable places to the public.This research will focus on smart Street-Furniture design as a standard guide for designers and planners of the ''New Cairo Administrative Capital'', which is currently under construction as the first Smart City in Egypt.

The effect of various urban problems and the increasing of advanced information technology, leading the concept of SOHO (Small Office Home Office) as an alternative solution in operating small- to medium-scale home-based business are set to have significant application in recent years in Indonesia. Yet the context of residential home as a private space for activity of a family live is resulting in chances of privacy conflicts when it is matched to concept of SOHO application inclining to have social and open-ended characteristics for the public. Therefore, the privacy control is necessary for maintaining dweller’s privacy and homeostatic condition in residential home.The aim of this research was to understand how was the pattern of privacy control by means of visual, audio, and olfactory interaction that take place in 10 residential home units chosen for object of study. This research is a qualitative study which delivered descriptively through interpretative analysis using theory of Behavior Setting approach, and such supporting theories as dwelling theory, theory of adaptation and adjustment, theory of privacy, territorial, and personal space. The results of the research shown that the privacy control pattern is more intomanaging visual interaction related to privacy by means of privacy artifact control, differentiation of floor level or using verbal language. Overall results of analysis of privacy control variable are then proposed as tendency of dweller privacy control design to apply concept of SOHO to residential home. Keywords: control; home, office; privacy; SOHO

The purpose of this study is to investigate and assess and seek to answer comprehensively related to the implementation of criminal sanctions for entrepreneurs who pay below the minimum wage in Indonesia. As the object of research is manpower and criminal law which must be used as a tool for social control and as an obligation of the state to implement it, ius puniendi. This research is normative legal research using quantitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of criminal sanctions is very necessary and becomes a critical issue as a form of protection for workers to ensure the basic rights of workers to obtain a minimum wage. Efforts that must be made by the government are implementing criminal sanctions consistently, implementing literacy programs and sharing information, implementing socialization programs with a dialogical approach that involves the participation of the wider community, improving the quality of public services based on professional human resources and utilizing communication and information technology. to prevent and minimize the occurrence of various forms of violations of labor law and criminal law, especially with regard to the provisions of the minimum wage.

The problem of computer diagnostics of complex systems is one of the non-trivial tasks of modern information technology. Such systems are, for example, computer networks, automatic and/or automated control systems for complex technological objects, including related to complex problems of environmental protection, biology, etc. In pattern recognition, one of the major problems is forming subspaces of informative features, which only in the «ensemble» allow diagnosing the states of such systems with a high degree of reliability. An effective approach to solving this problem based on the principles of inductive modeling of complex systems is proposed. The quality criterion for recognizing classes of patterns is formulated, which also makes it possible to evaluate the quality of the constructed ensemble of informative features. As an example, the problem of constructing an ensemble of informative features represented by a binary code based on the data of an experiment to determine the hazard levels of some plant protection products is considered. Real primary data on plant protection products used in practice were applied to recognize the effect of certain characteristics on the so-called integrated «hazard indicator». Comparative numerical estimates of the effectiveness of the proposed approach are given. In this case, there can be a fivefold gain in the amount of computations for a relatively small number of input features equal to 5 compared to the known algorithms of the class considered in the paper. It is shown that, from a practical point of view, the described algorithm has advantages over the known algorithms with brute-force search of feature subspaces in pattern recognition problems.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the drastic development of low-altitude UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology, UAV will be used for long-distance logistics in the near future. Many countries begin to develop UTM (UAV Traffic Management) system, and one of the objectives for the system is preparation of UAV-logistics era. In that era, hundreds of drone will simultaneously fly at one area. To prevent UAV collision in the air, UAV air road should be designed. The Korean government have supported research projects related with UAV air roads. This paper deals with development of UAV air roads by using 3D grid system. First, detail 3D spatial information for UAV air roads is constructed. In many cases, 3D digital map does not include transmission towers, utility poles, power lines, or trees, since the interests of 3D digital map are focussed on digital elevation model and digital surface model with buildings. The transmission towers, utility poles, and power lines could be obstacles when UAV perform its logistics mission. Therefore, detail 3D information should be constructed for UAV air roads. We constructed such detail 3D information by using MMS (Mobile Mapping System) and aerial survey with Lidar and digital photograph. Next, 3D grid system is proposed to present such detail 3D information. Usual object based 3D information is huge size and hard to control. To provide 3D information to a flying UAV, data should be light. Therefore, light-weight 3D grid system is effective to provide air road information to UAV. Proposed 3D grid based air roads can be used for UAV flight plan, traffic management etc.</p>

This work provides an imperial solution to the problems faced by man while enduring hazardous tasks like handling and disposal of nuclear wastes, monitoring nuclear power plants, mining operations etc .which have to be aborted if expertise group running it is unavailable or on a run. This paper presents a distributed platform that allows the special group of user to control a gadget (possibly a robot) through internet as a medium. An advanced version of this technology is capable of transmitting graphic images and other surrounding information as required, via internet back to the user to facilitate the effective monitoring of the existent situation using appropriate software tools. The project uses the SRV-1 Mobile Surveillance Robot which is a fully integrated system standard designed and other related technology for surveillance purposes. It is driven via web browser using JAVA based control applications with live video feeds. Specialised user group will be given separate account from where they can control and monitor the system even when they are not present at the site. End user will be connected to the gadget (robot) through a central server which acts as a single channel for both sending and receiving information. But the subject of remote control over the internet has some possible anomalies namely network freezing, delay between host and recipient, congested network and many others. This system enables asynchronous object passing so that network bandwidth is used effectively and such parameters as the network condition and server states have less effect on the system. To resolve this issue, a fuzzy logic controller is used to control the robot’s motion along a predefined path with the necessary manipulation of the normal course. The robot was first modelled in Matlab Simulink and the fuzzy logic rules were optimized for the best results possible. In accordance with the fuzzy rules developed the fuzzy interference system generates the output map for operating IR ranger sensor data. This system was developed to actuate as an auxiliary intelligence in the teleoperation system developed for the mobile robot, and the Grid Scanning algorithm was induced to enhance accuracy to cope up with the unexpected delays from the internet data communication. The logic in the internet based controlling of robotics can be expanded to a very large field, like speed control, trajectory control, obstacle avoidance and so on.

Nowadays, industry tends to adopt the smart factory concept in their production. Technology intelligence is applied to use all the resources efficiently. Robots and vision system are masters in this kind of industry. However, information transfer between the robot controller and the vision system poses a great challenge. Data exchange between these two systems shall be secure, and the transfer must be with a very high level of accuracy. In this article, a multi-platform software application using a vision system is performed to control a Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm robot. The software solution includes the detection of defaults in a product by calculating a compliance rate using an efficient algorithm. An analysis of four different algorithms related to histogram-based similarity functions is set. Then, the most efficient algorithm is integrated into the application that provides a secure communication between three different operating systems. Experiments in a multi-agent manufacturing center validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Tests demonstrate the efficiency of the data transfer between the vision system and the multi-platform software application and the Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm robot. This data transfer can be controlled in a high accuracy manner without any additional manual parameters tuning.

It is well known that many chronic diseases are associated with unhealthy diet. Although improving diet is critical, adopting a healthy diet is difficult despite its benefits being well understood. Technology is needed to allow an assessment of dietary intake accurately and easily in real-world settings so that effective intervention to manage being overweight, obesity, and related chronic diseases can be developed. In recent years, new wearable imaging and computational technologies have emerged. These technologies are capable of performing objective and passive dietary assessments with a much simplified procedure than traditional questionnaires. However, a critical task is required to estimate the portion size (in this case, the food volume) from a digital image. Currently, this task is very challenging because the volumetric information in the two-dimensional images is incomplete, and the estimation involves a great deal of imagination, beyond the capacity of the traditional image processing algorithms. In this work, we present a novel Artificial Intelligent (AI) system to mimic the thinking of dietitians who use a set of common objects as gauges (e.g., a teaspoon, a golf ball, a cup, and so on) to estimate the portion size. Specifically, our human-mimetic system “mentally” gauges the volume of food using a set of internal reference volumes that have been learned previously. At the output, our system produces a vector of probabilities of the food with respect to the internal reference volumes. The estimation is then completed by an “intelligent guess”, implemented by an inner product between the probability vector and the reference volume vector. Our experiments using both virtual and real food datasets have shown accurate volume estimation results.

Successful operation of modern banking institutions significantly depends on the use of the latest information and communication technologies in process management, from motivation and communication with staff, to remote control of banking operations. Purpose of scientific research is a study of the principles and features of banking automated information system in terms of implementation of the latest information and cloud technologies by banking institutions. The object of scientific research is banking automated information system of banking institutions. The result of the article: research proved that the creation and selection of banking automated information system of banking institution is based on the planning of all systems related to the functioning of the complete infrastructure of the bank, built on information technology; the causes and consequences of various risk situations by channels of their occurrence (information Web-site, e-mail, network systems, system failures, electronic payment systems and data transmission systems, electronic channel) in the banking sector as a result of using a bank automated information system are substantiated; key areas of banking automated information system and the elements of the system of risk situations that arise in the banking sector as a result of the use of banking automated information system are described; main requirements for information support of banking institution and the main criteria for choosing banking automated information system of a banking institution are identified. Practical implications: priority ways of overcoming the risks of introduction of banking automated information system are offered, taking into account the scope and spread of risks. At the same time, the methods of providing cloud services used by banking institutions were evaluated. Value/originality: the introduction of a banking automated information system of a banking institution today is impossible without the use of cloud technologies (infrastructure as a service – IaaS, software as a service – SaaS, platform as a service – PaaS), each of which has a number of strengths and weaknesses.

Data fusion has been defined as a process dealing with the association, correlation, and combination of data and information from multiple sources to achieve refined position and identity estimates for entities, and complete and timely assessments of related situations and threats, and their significance. This process (sometimes labeled a “technology”) is pervasive, i.e. capable of broad, multi-domain application. Indeed, data fusion has found extensive application in the commercial/industrial sector as well, in areas such as robotics and process control, and for numerous applications requiring intelligent, autonomous processes and capabilities. One of the purposes of this paper is to describe the evolving standard description of the data fusion process ascribed to by the U.S. Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Data Fusion Subpanel (a Department of Defense organization), as well as components of the attendant lexicon and taxonomy. While the specific definitions of a “situation assessment (SA)” and a “threat assessment (TA)” have proven to be problem-dependent for most defense applications, these notions generally encompass a large quantity of knowledge which reflect the (dynamic) constituency-dependency relationships among objects of various classes as well as events and activities of interest. Formulation of hypotheses about situations and threats is a process having the following properties: • it employs many types of knowledge • it must consider multiple, asynchronous activities • multiple types of dynamic and static data must be processed • numerous sub-networks of interest in the situation/threat picture (numerous constituency-dependency relationships) exist—this leads to feedforward/backward inferencing requirements • information-processing strategies are required to produce estimates of aggregated force structures (given individual unit positions and identities), as well as aggregated behaviors (given individual events or activities) • the situational or threat state is often ephemeral and thus temporal reasoning capabilities must be part of the process The paper expands on the processes and techniques involved in SA and TA analysis, and describes, from various points of view, why the blackboard paradigm is properly applicable to problems of SA and TA analysis. This assessment includes various trade-off factors (features, benefits, and disadvantages or complexities) in applying blackboard concepts to data fusion related reasoning processes. Specific research and development by the authors and synthesis of the results of a survey on data fusion applications (shown within) has led to the formulation of a recommended generic, ideal blackboard architecture for these defense problems described in the paper.

Sensitive Skins are large-area, flexible arrays of sensors integrated onto the entire surface of machines. Sensitive skin will endow these machines with the senses of proximity, touch, pressure, temperature, and chemical/biological agents. Thus Sensitive Skin will make possible the use of unsupervised machines in unstructured, unpredictable surroundings. Sensitive Skin will make machines "cautious" and thus friendly to their environment. Sencitive Skin will revolutionize service industries, make important contributions to human prosthetics, and augment human sensing when fashioned into clothing. Being transducers massive data flow, Sensitive Skin devices will make yet another advance in the information revolution. The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsored the NSF-DARPA Sensitive Skin Workshop that took place on October 14 and 15, 1999, at the Key Bridge Marriott Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. The purpose of the Workshop was to find consensus on the nascent Sensitive Skin technology, and provide recommendations for the research community and government agencies. The Workshop covered principles, methodology, and prototypes of sensing skin-like devices and related intelligence and software. It drew more than 40 participants from universities, companies, government laboratories, and government research agencies. Sensitive Skin devices present a new paradigm in sensing and control. Sensitive Skin is an enabling technology with far reaching applications — from medicine and biology to industry and defense — which are not possible today. Systems based on Sensitive Skin will be pivotal for progress in two broad areas. 1) Machines in unstructured environments. Sensitive Skin will enable moving machinery to acquire real-time information about surrounding objects. Hence, use it to operate safely in unstructured environments that cannot be modified at will and must be accepted as they are (in contrast to structured environments, such as a factory floor, whose design or redesign is only a matter of cost and effciency). 2) Augmentation of human sensing. In limb prosthetics and artificial skin grafts, Sensitive Skin will supplant the sensing ability of human skin. In wearable sensor clothing, Sensitive Skin will augment human sensing with full-body sensors and will provide sensing beyond human capability and wireless communication. The workshop participants discussed potential applications of Sensitive skin; envisioned skin materials, for embedding sensors, wiring, and control electronics; packaging; sensor layout, devices, and on-sensor signal processing; and research directions and goals. During the Workshop the participants alternated between working together in one single group, and splitting into four working sections — Materials, Devices, Signal Processing, and Applications — to chart a roadmap for research and development on the new sensing paradigm represented by sensitive skin systems. Because the workshop was held in one-and-a-half days, this report should be viewed as a first effort to map out new territory, and as an invitation to join the exploration!

Background Increasing life expectancy and reducing birth rates indicate that the world population is becoming older, with many challenges related to quality of life for old and fragile people, as well as their informal caregivers. In the last few years, novel information and communication technology techniques generally known as the Internet of Things (IoT) have been developed, and they are centered around the provision of computation and communication capabilities to objects. The IoT may provide older people with devices that enable their functional independence in daily life by either extending their own capacity or facilitating the efforts of their caregivers. LoRa is a proprietary wireless transmission protocol optimized for long-range, low-power, low–data-rate applications. LoRaWAN is an open stack built upon LoRa. Objective This paper describes an infrastructure designed and experimentally developed to support IoT deployment in a health care setup, and the management of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia has been chosen for a proof-of-concept study. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is that it is based on the LoRaWAN protocol stack, which exploits unlicensed frequencies and allows for the use of very low-power radio devices, making it a rational choice for IoT communication. Methods A complete LoRaWAN-based infrastructure was designed, with features partly decided in agreement with caregivers, including outdoor patient tracking to control wandering; fall recognition; and capability of collecting data for further clinical studies. Further features suggested by caregivers were night motion surveillance and indoor tracking for large residential structures. Implementation involved a prototype node with tracking and fall recognition capabilities, a middle layer based on an existing network server, and a Web application for overall management of patients and caregivers. Tests were performed to investigate indoor and outdoor capabilities in a real-world setting and study the applicability of LoRaWAN in health and social care scenarios. Results Three experiments were carried out. One aimed to test the technical functionality of the infrastructure, another assessed indoor features, and the last assessed outdoor features. The only critical issue was fall recognition, because a slip was not always easy to recognize. Conclusions The project allowed the identification of some advantages and restrictions of the LoRaWAN technology when applied to the health and social care sectors. Free installation allows the development of services that reach ranges comparable to those available with cellular telephony, but without running costs like telephony fees. However, there are technological limitations, which restrict the scenarios in which LoRaWAN is applicable, although there is room for many applications. We believe that setting up low-weight infrastructure and carefully determining whether applications can be concretely implemented within LoRaWAN limits might help in optimizing community care activities while not adding much burden and cost in information technology management.

ABSTRACT: Control of livestock and their movement has long been recognized as a crucial for the prevention and control of diseases. In Brazil, the control of livestock movement established in 1934. Since 1995 is regulated based on the Animal Movement Permit (GTA). Since then, the process has been improved and updated on its legal framework and strategies, including the use of emerging technological alternatives, which made possible the launching of the electronic Animal Movement Permit (e-GTA) in 2011. From a broader perspective, the e-GTA is inserted in a global context of the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which since the early 1980s enabled governments worldwide to drive policies for the development of electronic government systems (e-government). After that, at a global level, there was an expansion and improvement of e-government services; however, discrepancies among countries persisted. Nonetheless, the levels of adoption of e-government by citizens have been lower than those expected by government authorities, which has attracted the attention of researchers in the area. In this context, studies of this nature that used theoretical antecedents related to the adoption of ICT have exposed peculiarities of the process of adoption of e-government, demanding research efforts directed to the structuring of specific models for this area. In Brazil, studies of this nature are still at an early stage, although government actions aimed at e-government date back to the 1990s. The objective of this article was to investigate, in an exploratory way, influence factors on the adoption intention of e-government related to animal health, having the e-GTA as the object of research. The conceptual framework was defined based upon the e-Government Adoption Model (GAM) For this objective, an online questionnaire oriented to intention to adopt e-GTA was applied to equine owners of Rio Grande do Sul not users of this system. Results indicated that respondents positively evaluated the quality of their computers and cellphones, as well as their efficacy to operate them, while quality of the internet connection was considered regular. In this context, the availability of computer and cellphone resources and computer self-efficacy did not influence the intention to adopt e-GTA. Moreover, aspects related to compatibility of e-GTA with users lifestyle have a positive association with the intention to adopt e-GTA. Also the study indicated that public information campaigns could contribute to the improvement of adoption of the e-GTA. Additionally, the authors suggested that further investigations considering other livestock sectors and variables, as well as the continuity of use after the adoption, could contribute to the expansion of the knowledge on this field.

The article deals with the content of the concept, of principles and functions of legal technique of environmental legislation. These principles are related to the processes of development of legal technique and environmental law, reflected the value of natural objects and provided a mode of their effective use. A study of such main categories of legal technique of environmental legislation is undertaken: a 1) concept; 2) principles; 3) functions. Summarizing the system of different approaches, it is formulated the term of legal technique of environmental legislation, which is a dynamic phenomenon that reflects the functioning of law, environmental legislation, taking into account the features of protection of use and reproduction of natural objects and includes a system of means of preparation and adoption of regulatory and legal acts aimed at preserving the environment. This definition makes it possible to streamline legislation on the use of nature conservation and reproduction and to limit human impact on the status of such objects. Among the principles of legal technique were: 1) humanism; 2) complexity; 3) science; 4) systematicity; 5) stability; 6) public administration. The principle of humanism is based on the ideas of a careful, caring attitude towards natural resources, which is reflected in the legal technique of draft legal acts. The principle of a comprehensive approach of legal technique of environmental legislation is connected with the necessity to take into account the difficult character of the legal regulation in this area. The principle of scientificity is connected with the necessity of observing the rules of legal technique, which is used in the preparation of environmental regulations. The principle of systematic characterized the orientation of the legal act, the preservation of internal communication and interdependence of all its parts and the logical sequence of placement of material. The principle of stability is due to the fact that the development of the environmental protection field was through the adoption of regulations aimed at the protection of the most important natural objects. The principle of public administration finds its realization when considering the legal technique of normative legal acts adopted by public authorities and local self-government. With the help of the functions of legal technique, tasks that are put before the law as a social institution are carried out and given that environmental norms are adopted by state bodies, some functions overlap with the functions of the state. The functions of the legal technique of environmental legislation are aimed at implementing the legislative process in this field, ensuring the legal nature of the legislation, promoting full and accurate reflection, clarity and accessibility of the content of acts. The following features of the legal technique of environmental legislation are highlighted: 1) axiological; 2) prognostic; 3) regulatory; 3) security, 4) information; 5) theoretical and methodological. Consideration of monitoring, preparation of cadasters, environmental expertise, normalization, state and public control in the field of environmental protection deserves special attention in the consideration of the functions of legal technology of environmental legislation. Theoretical and methodological function of legal technique allows to improve the process of preparation of regulatory acts to avoid inaccuracies, contradictions and conflicts in their content. Key words: legal technique, regulatory legal act, environmental legislation, public administration, principles of law, public authorities, functions.

Purpose This is a methodological proposal that describes the access to information as a starting point, and the importance of access to information as the backbone for the values of investment with the notion of culture as shared beliefs, supported by information to communicate and provide awareness about issues related to environmental policy that is consistent with sustainable development. Data collection is done from census data of Cikarawang population, observation and in-depth interviews with informants of community leaders. Constructive theory constructs to identify the diversity of existing construction of and placing in the consensus. The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improving continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the people of the community in Cikarawang village. The view of the importance of cultural institutions and traditional knowledge should not be ignored in reaching the target of practical dissemination of information regarding environmental policy should be conducted for further study the model of and the model for the construction of the constructed. The use of application in documenting myths and rituals of Cikarawang people is enabling the access of information of the people in learning the culture and language of Cikarawang. Moreover, it is the way to reach the goal of sustainable environment for the next generations. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improved continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the constructor. In the process related to two aspects, : hermeneutic and dialectical. Aspects of individual construction of hermeneutic describe as compare and contrast to the dialectical aspects of individual construction of, so that each respondent was entered into the construction of another and entirely fused. Findings The access of information on asri to face global warming is to demonstrate the hybridity and syncretism of this everyday locality and to show how this global sense of place is a progressive sense of place which avoids defensive and exclusionary definitions of place and culture because they cannot be sustained in a world where understanding a place means understanding its connection to other places. However, the youths of Cikarawang are likely to self-identify, as liberals are also more supportive of progressive domestic social agenda than older generations. They are less overtly religious than the older generations. Research limitations/implications The access of information, is about trying to establish the existence of the collectivity by defining what makes it a community – isolating national characteristics, defining crucial historical moments or significant places. None of these implies that these meanings can be fixed. There might be useful to think of nations as projects which are never fully achieved. There are always alternative accounts which are being given, and alternative interpretations being made from different positions. Climate information needs to be made in accordance with the local context and activities of both of the content, format, timing and distribution (dissemination). Practical implications The undetermined that perceived lack of locals trying to understand the information about weather and climate change are delivered by using technology need to engage their participation to identify and develop adaptation and mitigation strategies. Knowledge about the weather and how to overcome it is also myths about the environment containing taboo and prohibition as well as the annual harvest ritual. Digital technology using application is the nearest object to individual youngsters to access information openly and individually. Access of information using apps and internet is bridging the issues of climate change, myths and rituals about environment, and generation gaps. Social implications The behavior of young people of Generation X are not heeding the ban in the experience of their ancestors. It is not only because of their belief in myth depleted but also in the absence of respected elders. Person figures which are respected as wise men or local leaders to be role models. In the past, knowledge and cultural information are presented, preserved, generated down to future generations. Nowadays, information about climate, weather, cultural knowledge in agriculture, irrigation, daily life, ritual, myth, and kinship is no longer simply rely on figures but the media that they believe in. Originality/value It is an interdisciplinary research of global knowledge, memory and communication. Digital technology-based application as the system to support access of information and the effort of documentation on community myths and rituals of remote people may affect on sustainable local wisdoms which protect and sustain the environment to be inherited to next generations. Web, private social networks, wikis and blogs are becoming important corporate tools for communication, collaboration and information-sharing. It is a way of young people in this Generation X most familiar in such as interactive, collaborative, managing knowledge, and managing global system and bridging generation gaps.

The method of estimation and forecasting in intelligent decision support systems was developed. The essence of the method is the analysis of the current state of the object and short-term forecasting of the object state. Objective and complete analysis is achieved by using improved fuzzy temporal models of the object state and an improved procedure for processing the original data under uncertainty. Also, the possibility of objective and complete analysis is achieved through an improved procedure for forecasting the object state and an improved procedure for learning evolving artificial neural networks. The concepts of fuzzy cognitive model are related by subsets of influence fuzzy degrees, arranged in chronological order, taking into account the time lags of the corresponding components of the multidimensional time series. The method is based on fuzzy temporal models and evolving artificial neural networks. The peculiarity of the method is the possibility of taking into account the type of a priori uncertainty about the object state (full awareness of the object state, partial awareness of the object state and complete uncertainty about the object state). The possibility to clarify information about the object state is achieved using an advanced training procedure. It consists in training the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function, as well as the architecture of individual elements and the architecture of the artificial neural network as a whole. The object state forecasting procedure allows conducting multidimensional analysis, consideration, and indirect influence of all components of a multidimensional time series with their different time shifts relative to each other under uncertainty. The method provides an increase in data processing efficiency at the level of 15–25% using additional advanced procedures.

The problems of control and management of geographically distributed objects are considered. The sensor networks operating on the ZigBee technology are considered. The characteristics of the 802.15.4 ZigBee standard are given. The advantages of this technology are shown when building networks that are not very critical to traffic delays. The elements of such a network are considered. The primary converters used in such networks and their energy characteristics are considered. The issues of reducing and compensating delays in control circuits are considered. It is shown that modern wireless sensor networks can be considered as distributed information measuring and information control systems.