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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Control; Infection; Immunization

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Academic literature on the topic 'Control; Infection; Immunization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Control; Infection; Immunization"

1

Nazarko, Linda. "Infection control: immunization update." Nursing and Residential Care 10, no. 2 (February 2008): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2008.10.2.28123.

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Valenti, William M. "Infection Control and Employee Health: Rubella Prevention Programs." Infection Control 6, no. 8 (August 1985): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700063219.

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In recent years, increased emphasis has been placed on immunization of adults. The reintroduction of the pneumococcal vaccine in 1976 seems to have begun a new era in adult medicine that targets certain vaccines toward adults. Prior to this, most of our efforts at immunization in the US were directed toward young children. Although the pneumococcal vaccine has been underutilized, publications from the CDC and the American College of Physicians suggest that this particular public health strategy will be with us for some time to come.

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Delpino, M. Victoria, Silvia M. Estein, Carlos A. Fossati, and Pablo C. Baldi. "Partial Protection against Brucella Infection in Mice by Immunization with Nonpathogenic Alphaproteobacteria." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2007): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00459-06.

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ABSTRACT Previous findings indicate that Brucella antigens and those from nonpathogenic alphaproteobacteria (NPAP) are cross-recognized by the immune system. We hypothesized that immunization with NPAP would protect mice from Brucella infection. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed Ochrobactrum anthropi, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Mesorhizobium loti, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or Brucella melitensis H38 (standard positive control) before intravenous challenge with Brucella abortus 2308. Cross-reacting serum antibodies against Brucella antigens were detected at the moment of challenge in all NPAP-immunized mice. Thirty days after B. abortus challenge, splenic CFU counts were significantly lower in mice immunized with O. anthropi, M. loti, and B. melitensis H38 than in the phosphate-buffered saline controls (protection levels were 0.80, 0.66, and 1.99 log units, respectively). In mice immunized intraperitoneally with cytosoluble extracts from NPAP or Brucella abortus, protection levels were 1.58 for the latter, 0.63 for O. anthropi, and 0.40 for M. loti. To test whether the use of live NPAP would increase protection further, mice were both immunized and challenged by the oral route. Immunization with NPAP induced a significant increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not serum or fecal IgA, against Brucella antigens. After challenge, anti-Brucella IgA increased significantly in the sera and feces of mice orally immunized with O. anthropi. For all NPAP, protection levels were higher than those obtained with systemic immunizations but were lower than those obtained by oral immunization with heat-killed B. abortus. These results show that immunization with NPAP, especially O. anthropi, confers partial protection against Brucella challenge. However, such protection is lower than that conferred by immunization with whole Brucella or its cytosoluble fraction.

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Smith, Philip W., and Patricia G. Rusnak. "Infection Prevention and Control in the Long-Term-Care Facility." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 18, no. 12 (December 1997): 831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700086562.

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AbstractMore than 1.5 million residents reside in US nursing homes. In recent years, the acuity of illness of nursing home residents has increased. Long-term-care facility residents have a risk of developing nosocomial infection that is similar to acute-care hospital patients. A great deal of information has been published concerning infections in the long-term-care facility, and infection control programs are nearly universal.This position paper reviews the literature on infections and infection control programs in the long-term-care facility, covering such topics as tuberculosis, bloodborne pathogens, epidemics, isolation systems, immunization, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recommendations are developed for long-term-care infection control programs based on interpretation of currently available evidence. The recommendations cover the structure and function of the infection control program, including surveillance, isolation, outbreak control, resident care, and employee health. Infection control resources also are presented.

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Cox, F. E. G. "Interactions between chemotherapy and immunity in bovine theileriosis." Parasitology 105, S1 (January 1992): S79—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075387.

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SUMMARYIn bovine theileriosis the use of chemotherapy to control an infection sufficiently long to permit the establishment of a solid protective immune response has been developed as a routine vaccination procedure. Infections withTheileria parvaandT. annulatacan be prevented by the administration of carefully controlled numbers of sporozoites simultaneously with a long acting tetracycline and this form of immunization has been widely used for the control of East Coast fever in Africa with considerable success. In this review, the nature of the chemotherapy, the immune response and the interactions between chemotherapy and immunity in the development of infection-and-treatment immunization procedures are discussed.

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Li, Zhong-Yuan, Jing Lu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Hany M. Elsheikha, Jun-Ling Hou, Hai-Ting Guo, and Xing-Quan Zhu. "Immunization with plasmid DNA expressing Heat Shock Protein 40 confers prophylactic protection against chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in Kunming mice." Parasite 25 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018040.

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Toxoplasma gondii causes one of the most common protozoal diseases of humans and animals worldwide. With the aim of designing an effective vaccine against T. gondii infection, we examined the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing heat shock protein 40 (HSP40) against challenge with T. gondii (type I RH and type II Pru) strains in Kunming mice. The plasmid pVAX1-HSP40 was constructed and used to immunize mice by intramuscular injection for three sequential immunizations with two-week intervals. This immunization regimen significantly reduced parasite cyst burden in pVAX1-HSP40-immunized mice (1871.9 ± 142.3) compared with control mouse groups immunized with pVAX1 (3479.2 ± 204.4), phosphate buffered saline (3024.4 ± 212.8), or left untreated (3275.0 ± 179.8) as healthy controls (p < 0.01). However, immunization failed to protect mice against challenge with the virulent RH strain. There was a significant increase in T lymphocyte subclasses (CD3e+CD4+ T and CD3e+CD8a+ T lymphocytes) in splenic tissues in immunized mice compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, the level of antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation and concentration of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12p70) were not significantly different between immunized and control mouse groups (p < 0.05). These data indicate that pVAX1-HSP40 induced specific immune responses and achieved a significant reduction in the number of brain cysts in Pru-infected mice, and thus can be tested in future immunization studies along with plasmids containing other immunogenic proteins as a cocktail vaccine to fully abolish chronic toxoplasmosis.

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Anand, Puneet, Rakhi Jain, and Gunjan Gunjan. "A cross sectional study on infection control practices among mothers attending immunization clinic at a teaching hospital in Haryana." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.1.19.

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Sukarjati, Sukarjati, Susie Amilah, and Sudjarwo Sudjarwo. "Toxicity of 32.2 kDa MW Escherichia coli Pili Adhesin Isolated from Infertile Male Semen in Reproductive System." Folia Medica Indonesiana 54, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v54i2.8866.

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the leading cause of male genital tract infection with no symptoms of infertility. Protein E. coli pili hemagglutinin isolated from infertile male sperm with 32.2 kDa MW acts as adhesion in spermatozoa. This study aimed to prove whether E. coli pili adhesin 32.2 kDa MW is toxic to male reproductive system. Samples consisted of spermatozoa of 30 guinea pigs divided into three groups: control, immunized with E. coli pili adhesin 32.2 kDa MW protein, and transurethral infected E. coli. Observations of sperm motility, vitality and morphology were performed under a microscope. MDA levels and sperm DNA damage were measured by a spectrophotometer and comet assay method and observed using a fluorescent microscope. There was no difference between control and immunization group of E. coli pili adhesin in motility (p=0.499), vitality (p=0.817) and morphology (p=0.176); between control and transuretral infection groups in motility (p=0.000), vitality (p=0.000) and morphology (p=0.000); and between control and both treatment groups in motility (p=0.001), vitality (p=0,000) and morphology (p=0.000). Histologic analysis showed E. coli pili adhesin of 32.2 kDa MW immunization group did not suffer from testicular tissue damage, while the positive group showed a deterioration of seminiferous tubular cells. MDA levels differed between immunization group E. coli pili, transurethral infection group, and control (p=0.024) and between transurethral and control (p=0.007) groups. However, between control and immunized group with E. coli pili protein showed no difference (p=0.251). DNA damage differed (p=0.000) between immunized group with E. coli pili, transurethral infection and control group; between control and transurethral infected group (p=0.000); and between transurethral infection group and E. coli pili protein immunization group (p=0.000). However, between control and E. coli pili immunization group showed no difference (p=0.600). In conclusion, E. coli pili adhesin 32.2 kDa MW protein is not toxic for sperm quality and the quality of sperm molecules.

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Clarke, Stuart C. "Control of pneumococcal disease in the United Kingdom – the start of a new era." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46579-0.

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In 2000, a multi-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, known as Prevnar, was licensed for use in infants and young children in the USA. The subsequent introduction of the vaccine into the childhood immunization schedule in that country led to a significant decrease in pneumococcal disease. The vaccine is effective against invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infection, can be used in young children as well as adults and, like all conjugate vaccines, provides long-lasting immunity. Moreover, it reduces the incidence of antibiotic resistance because a number of resistant serotypes are targeted by the vaccine. Prevnar, also known as Prevenar, has since been licensed in numerous countries, including the UK. On 8 February 2006, the Departments of Health in England, Scotland and Wales announced the inclusion of Prevenar in the childhood immunization schedule. This announcement has important implications for pneumococcal infection, disease surveillance and immunization policy in the UK.

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Kesavalu, Lakshmyya, Stanley C. Holt, and Jeffrey L. Ebersole. "Lack of Humoral Immune Protection againstTreponema denticola Virulence in a Murine Model." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 5736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.5736-5746.1999.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the characteristics of humoral immune responses to Treponema denticola following primary infection, reinfection, and active immunization, as well as immune protection in mice. Primary infection with T. denticolainduced a significant (400-fold) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) response compared to that in control uninfected mice. The IgG response to reinfection was 20,000-fold higher than that for control mice and 10-fold higher than that for primary infection. Mice actively immunized with formalin-killed treponemes developed serum antibody levels seven- to eightfold greater than those in animals after primary infection. Nevertheless, mice with this acquired antibody following primary infection or active immunization demonstrated no significant alterations of lesion induction or decreased size of the abscesses following a challenge infection. Mice with primary infection developed increased levels of IgG3, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibodies, with IgG1 being lower than the other subclasses. Reinfected mice developed enhanced IgG2b, IgG2a, and IgG3 and less IgG1. In contrast, immunized mice developed higher IgG1 and lower IgG3 antibody responses to infection. These IgG subclass distributions indicate a stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 activities in development of the humoral immune response to infection and immunization. Our findings also demonstrated a broad antigen reactivity of the serum antibody, which was significantly increased with reinfection and active immunization. Furthermore, serum antibody was effective in vitro in immobilizing and clumping the bacteria but did not inhibit growth or passively prevent the treponemal infection. These observations suggest that humoral immune responses, as manifested by antibody levels, isotype, and antigenic specificity, were not capable of resolving a T. denticola infection.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Control; Infection; Immunization"

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Ambrose, Zandrea. "Immune control of SHIV in macaques upon mucosal infection of immunization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9290.

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Lee, Min-Shi. "An investigation of measles elimination in Taiwan : seroepidemiology and modelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301183.

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Chocho, Karen. "Hispanic Migrants and Cross-border Disease Control of Arizona's Vaccine Preventable Diseases." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/35.

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BACKGROUND: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Immunization Program, there is an increase in the re-emergence of past diseases. Even with mandatory vaccination practices in the United States, there are still a number of cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) reported yearly. It is speculated that the re-emergence of VPDs is in part due to the increase in international travel as well as the influx of immigrants. One particular group of interest includes the Hispanic migrants coming from Central and South America where some of these diseases are endemic. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of VPD cases in the border state of Arizona that may be attributed to Hispanic migrant influx using data from the MMWR: Summary of Notifiable Diseases reports for the United States and the ADHS data from all Arizona counties. RESULTS: Since 1995, rates of hepatitis B and pertussis have been increasing in Arizona and have become higher for non-Hispanics than Hispanics. In 2005, hepatitis B rates were 1.53* for the United States and 7.31* for Arizona; pertussis rates were 8.72* for the United States and 21.60* for Arizona. CONCLUSION: The results of this study's analysis show the need to improve immunization efforts within the non-Hispanic populations in all Arizona counties. (*Per 100,000 population)

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Filgueira, Fabiana Ariston. "Estudo de títulos protetores para o vírus de hepatite B após esquema vacinal de três doses e \"booster\" em crianças com HIV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-24112008-103206/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A hepatite B é uma enfermidade para a qual não existe tratamento curativo efetivo e que pode determinar graves conseqüências, como o desenvolvimento de cirrose e carcinoma hepático. Segundo dados da OMS, mais de dois bilhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus da hepatite B e esta doença é responsável por 500.000 a um milhão de óbitos por ano, em todo o mundo. Em pacientes com infecção pelo HIV, é freqüente a co-infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B, pelo fato de serem vírus que compartilham modos semelhantes de transmissão. Em vista dessa problemática, a adequada imunização dos pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV é fundamental para a prevenção da hepatite B. A recomendação atual do Ministério da Saúde para vacinação de crianças HIV-positivas é a realização do esquema de quatro doses (zero, um, seis e doze meses), com dose dupla. OBJETIVOS: Estudar a resposta sorológica ao booster com vacina da hepatite B em crianças HIV-positivas, previamente vacinadas com três doses duplas que não apresentaram títulos protetores. Estudar a associação dos níveis de CD4 e carga viral no momento do booster. Estudar a associação do intervalo de tempo entre a primovacinação e a primeira avaliação sorológica com a presença de títulos protetores, bem como a associação do intervalo de tempo entre a terceira dose vacinal e o booster com a presença de títulos protetores. METODOLOGIA: O presente trabalho é um estudo prospectivo descritivo de uma coorte de 70 crianças com HIV do total de 187 matriculadas em seguimento no ambulatório de Infectologia do Instituto da Criança (HCFMUSP), no período de agosto de 2005 a novembro de 2006. Em um primeiro momento, realizou-se a dosagem sorológica do anti-HBs dos pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Em um segundo momento, nos pacientes que não apresentaram títulos de anti-HBs maiores que 10 mUI/mL, aplicou-se a dose booster da vacina (20 g). Realizou-se dosagem sorológica nos pacientes que receberam a dose booster, no período de um a três meses depois. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes (50 = 71,4%) não apresentava títulos de anti-HBs >10 mUI/mL no momento da primeira avaliação laboratorial. A média do intervalo de tempo entre a terceira dose da vacina e a dosagem sorológica nos pacientes que apresentaram títulos protetores foi de 53,8 meses, enquanto que a média de tempo no grupo que não apresentou títulos protetores foi de 74,0 meses (p = 0,007). A freqüência de títulos não protetores após dose booster foi de 68%, enquanto apenas 32% apresentaram sorologia protetora após booster. Os dados deste estudo não mostraram associação estatisticamente significante entre níveis de CD4 e carga viral com resposta à dose booster. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo do intervalo de tempo entre a última dose da primovacinação e a feitura da sorologia sugere haver uma tendência à queda de títulos protetores (anti-HBs) ao longo do tempo. Após a dose dupla do booster, ainda se manteve uma predominância de não-resposta sorológica ou resposta com títulos não protetores à vacina da hepatite B nas crianças com HIV, neste estudo.
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B is a disease for which there is no effective healing treatment and which can bring about such severe consequences as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than two billion people are currently infected with the hepatitis B virus and the disease is responsible for half a million to one million deaths a year worldwide. Coinfection with hepatitis B virus is common in HIV-infected patients, since both viruses share similar transmission means. Within this context, adequate immunization of HIV-infected people is crucial for hepatitis B prevention. The current recommendation from the Ministry of Health in Brazil for HIV-positive children vaccination is the four-dose schedule (0, 1,6 and 12months) with a double dose. OBJECTIVES: Study the serologic response to a booster dose with the hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected children who had been previously vaccinated with three double doses but did not present protective titles. Study the relationship of CD4 levels and the viral load with protective titles at the time of the booster. Study the relationship between the time gap from the first vaccination to the first serologic evaluation and the presence of protective titles, as well as the relationship between the time gap from the third vaccine dose to the booster and the presence of protective titles. METHODOLOGY: The present research consists of a prospective descriptive study of a sample of 70 HIV-infected children out of a total of 187 children enrolled in a follow-up program at the Infectology sector of the Instituto da Criança (Childrens Institute HCFMUSP) from August 2005 through November 2006. First of all, the patients who met the admission criteria had their anti-HBs serologic titles tested. Then the ones whose anti-HBs serologic titles were lower than 10 mUI/mL received a vaccine booster (20 g). Those patients who received the booster had their serologic titles tested again between one and three months after that. RESULTS: It was found that most patients (50=71.4%) did not present anti-HBs serologic titles > 10 mUI/mL at the moment of the first laboratory evaluation. The average time gap between the third dose of the vaccine and the serologic testing of the patients who presented protective titles was of 53.8 months, while the average time in the group who lacked protective titles was of 74 months (p=0.007). The rate of no protective titles after the booster dose in those patients was 68%; on the other hand, only 32% presented protective serology after the booster. The studys data did not show a statistically significant relationship between CD4 levels and viral load with the response to the booster dose. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the time gap between the last dose of the first vaccination and the serology testing suggests that the protective titles (anti-HBs) tend to decrease with time. The serologic lack of response or the nonprotective titles response to hepatitis B vaccine prevailed in the study sample of HIV-infected children even after they received the booster double dose.

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Bertolini, Daniela Vinhas. "Imunogenicidade da vacina meningocócica conjugada do grupo C em adolescentes e adultos jovens com aids." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-09062014-094231/.

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Pacientes infectados pelo HIV apresentam resposta de imunogenicidade menor àquela obtida pela população geral com a imunização de rotina. A vacina meningocócica C conjugada é indicada para essa população, não existindo pesquisas prévias que avaliassem a imunogenicidade desta, para esse grupo específico. O estudo realizou essa avaliação comparando a resposta vacinal entre os pacientes infectados e não infectados pelo HIV, as relações dessa resposta com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais da infecção pelo vírus e os eventos adversos à vacinação. Utilizou-se as técnicas ensaios de anticorpos bactericidas séricos ou ação bactericida no soro (SBA) e o enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tratou-se de um ensaio clínico, envolvendo 92 pacientes, com idades entre 10-20 anos, sendo 43 infectados e 49 não infectados pelo HIV. Após a vacinação, 72,1% do grupo HIV+ e 100% do grupo HIV- foram considerados protegidos. Os pacientes do grupo HIV+ não respondedores à vacinação foram revacinados, tendo sido respondedores a essa nova dose 40% destes. Portanto, 81,4% dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV adquiriram proteção com a vacina (após uma ou duas doses). Foi encontrada correlação da resposta vacinal com o número de esquemas antirretrovirais previamente utilizados e carga viral pré-vacinação, não havendo outras associações com os demais parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais da infecção pelo HIV. Pacientes com adequada resposta vacinal tenderam a ser os de menor idade. Efeitos colaterais ocorreram em 16,3% no grupo HIV+ e em 44% no HIV-. Conclui-se que a vacina meningocócica C conjugada é segura e efetiva para uso em adolescentes e adultos jovens com aids, embora a resposta de anticorpos seja menor do que a observada em indivíduos saudáveis. Isso indica a necessidade de discussão de novos esquemas de imunização em infectados pelo HIV, objetivando uma proteção mais efetiva contra doença meningocócica
Children and adolescents infected with HIV typically have a weaker response to immunization in comparison with the healthy population. The meningococcal C conjugate vaccine is routinely recommended for those individuals. No studies, however, have evaluated the antibody response to this vaccine in HIV-infected patients yet. In this study, we compared the antibody response to the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients using the serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) and the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Additional objectives were to determine whether the acquired immunity correlated with clinical and laboratory features of HIV infection, and to evaluate the vaccine side effects in this population. This clinical trial included 92 patients aged 10 to 20 years old: 43 HIV-infected and 49 HIV-uninfected patients. After one single dose of the vaccine, 72.1% of the HIV-infected and 100% of the HIV-uninfected patients were considered protected. Of the HIV-infected patients (non-responders in first dose) who received a second dose of the vaccine, only 40% reached protective antibody levels. Overall, 81.4% of the HIV-infected patients reached protective antibody titres (after one or two doses of the vaccine). The antibody response in HIV-infected patients correlated with the number of prior antiretroviral therapy schedules and with the pre-vaccination viral load, but with no other clinical features or laboratory tests. Patients with adequate vaccinal response tended to be younger. Side effects occurred in 16.3% and 44% of the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups, respectively. In conclusion, the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine proved to be safe and effective in HIV-infected adolescents and young adults, although their antibody response was weaker than that of HIV-uninfected patients. These results suggest that the immunization schedule for HIV-infected patients should be re-evaluated, in order to assure more effective protection against the meningococcal disease in this population

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CHOCHOLOVÁ, Barbora. "Význam kontroly proočkovanosti u dětí." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252072.

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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of vaccination coverage among children. Vaccination in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and represents a very effective protection of children and adults not only against infectious diseases, but also against their consequences. It also prevents the development of infectious diseases. Vaccination is one of the most successful preventive methods that affect the health of individuals and the whole population. Vaccination is also very important for unvaccinated individuals. If the population reaches a high level of vaccination coverage, the spread of infection between vaccinated individuals is interrupted which significantly reduces the risk of transmission of infection to unvaccinated individuals as well. Vaccination thus protects also those who cannot be vaccinated because of illness, decreased immunity or other reasons. Currently, however, there are some opinions which question the usefulness and importance of compulsory vaccination. An increasing number of those who refuse vaccination occur due to the increased accessibility of the Internet and social networks, where we can notice a growing amount of information to the disadvantage of vaccination. The most common reason for refusing vaccination is the belief that some vaccinations are not necessary. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The first theoretical chapter contains an introduction to the issue of vaccination. In the following part of my thesis I deal with the system of vaccination in the Czech Republic, its planning, organization and control, and the role of public health protection authorities. The following chapter deals with the importance and division of vaccination and kinds of vaccines. The thesis is also focused on the diseases which are vaccinated against under mandatory vaccination scheme. At present mandatory vaccination in the Czech Republic includes vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, rubella, mumps, measles, transmissible polio, hepatitis B and invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Vaccination especially against tick-borne encephalitis, hepatitis A, diseases caused by pneumococci and invasive meningococcal disease is recommended. Last but not least, I also mention contraindications for vaccination and the adverse reactions after the vaccination. In the next chapter of the theoretical part I write about the implementation of vaccination and the control management of vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. In conclusion of the theoretical part I deal with the issue of vaccination opponents and their reasons for refusing vaccination.

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Hanmod, Santosh S. Hewett-Emmett David Peters Ronald J. Chemaly Roy F. "The burden of parainfluenza virus infection in patients with hematological malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in the absence of active immunization and approved therapy : the role of infection control." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1470186.

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Books on the topic "Control; Infection; Immunization"

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Fisher, Margaret C. Immunizations & infectious diseases: An informed parent's guide. Edited by Fisher Margaret C and American Academy of Pediatrics. Washington, D.C: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006.

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K, Pickering Larry, ed. 2000 Red book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000.

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American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Red book: 2003 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Immunization: HHS could do more to increase vaccination among older adults : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Global health: Summary of conference on immunization in developing countries : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Global health: Challenges in improving infectious disease surveillance systems : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Global health: U.S. Agency for International Development fights AIDS in Africa, but better data needed to measure impact : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on African Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.

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Burchell, Ann, and Eduardo Franco1. The impact of immunization on cancer control: the example of HPV vaccination. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550173.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 reviews briefly the role of infections as causal agents in cancer, describes anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization as the first cancer vaccine paradigm, and finally focuses on the latest paradigm of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the new front in cancer prevention.

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Van Buynder, Paul, and Elizabeth Brodkin. Healthcare worker screening for nosocomial pathogens. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0284.

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Health care organizations and their staff have a responsibility to prevent occupationally-acquired infections and avoid transmitting disease to patients. As well as being a known source of nosocomial infections, health care workers (HCWs) are at risk themselves of becoming infected in the workplace. Regulatory authorities in many countries advise or mandate screening for key blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) in settings where transmission between patients and staff is possible. Staff infected with a BBP are restricted from performing certain procedures. In addition to screening for BBP, health care organizations require a tuberculosis infection control programme. Routine screening of health care workers for other organisms such as MRSA is usually not indicated. Health care organizations should have robust policies to immunize health care workers against Hepatitis B and respiratory diseases. Many organizations now make immunization against key respiratory diseases a pre-requisite for employment as a key infection control patient safety strategy.

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Devlin, Hugh, and Rebecca Craven. Immune system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759782.003.0011.

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The immune system in relation to dentistry is the topic of this chapter. Non-specific body defences are explored. Then follows specific body defences, humoral and cell mediated responses; antibody types and their mechanisms of action and the clinical application in immunization. Inflammation, both acute and chronic, is explored in relation to infections of dental origin and their complications. Problems with the immune system and hypersensitivity follow. Normal oral flora and dental plaque and the body’s response in periodontal inflammation are explored. The final section deals with the implications of what has gone before for infection control in the dental surgery.

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Book chapters on the topic "Control; Infection; Immunization"

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Lowbury, E. J. L., G. A. J. Ayliffe, A. M. Geddes, and J. D. Williams. "Immunization and Specific Prophylaxis." In Control of Hospital Infection, 212–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6884-5_13.

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Presterl, Elisabeth, Magda Diab-El Schahawi, Luigi Segagni Lusignani, Helga Paula, and Jacqui S. Reilly. "Immunizations." In Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives, 185–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02026-2_21.

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Toye, Philip, Henry Kiara, Onesmo ole-MoiYoi, Dolapo Enahoro, and Karl M. Rich. "The management and economics of east coast fever." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 239–73. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0239.

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Abstract This book chapter tackles the management and economics of east coast fever. At about the time of ILRAD's establishment in 1973, a vaccination procedure was being developed at the East African Veterinary Research Organization (EAVRO) at Muguga, Kenya. The infection-and-treatment method (ITM) is an immunization procedure against ECF. It involves inoculation of live sporozoites of T. parva, usually in the form of a semi-purified homogenate of T. parva-infected ticks, combined with simultaneous treatment with a dose of a long-acting formulation of the antibiotic oxytetracycline. Whilst safe and very effective when administered correctly, production and delivery of this live ECF vaccine is complicated, expensive and time consuming, and at the time of ILRAD's founding, there were doubts as to whether such a procedure was commercially viable. The future for ILRI in the pathology and immunoparasitology of theileriosis will be guided by the vaccine, balanced against the evolving prospects for a subunit vaccine. The future in the epidemiology and economics of ECF management will be developing and evaluating current or novel control methods.

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Rao, E., and Shradha Gupta. "Infection Control." In Recent Advances in Pediatrics (Special Volume 22): Immunology, Infections and Immunization, 372. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11919_19.

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Issa, Nicolas C., Mary L. Pisculli, and Lindsey R. Baden. "Immunizations." In The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine, 27–36. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0004.

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Childhood immunizations are responsible for the control of many infectious diseases once common in the United States including polio, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Vaccine-induced immunity, however, may decrease with time, and adult immunization recommendations take into account both waning immunity and age-related risks of exposure and infection. Benefits of immunization are not limited to the vaccinated individual but also include promotion of herd immunity for the population at large, including nonimmunized persons and those with waning immunity or who may not have fully responded to prior vaccination. Immunizations, however, also carry risks that can range from common minor local skin reactions to rare, life-threatening adverse reactions. These risks are carefully weighed in the creation of immunization schedule recommendations, balancing the individual's risk of exposure with the earliest timing that immunizations can be safely and effectively administered.

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"Immunization and specific prophylaxis Jonathan North." In Ayliffe's Control of Healthcare-Associated Infection, 223–39. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13230-16.

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North, Jonathan. "Immunization and specific prophylaxis." In Ayliffe's Control of Healthcare-Associated Infection Fifth Edition, 209–25. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13230-13.

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Varman, Meera, Sarah Turner Pietruszka, and Karen Lehan. "Pertussis and Influenza Cocooning Immunization Strategies." In Handbook of Pediatric Infection Prevention and Control, 231–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190697174.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the adult immunization strategy called “cocooning” to protect young infants from vaccine-preventable disease. Cocooning focuses on immunizing all close contacts of infants and high-risk children, thereby decreasing their exposure to these infectious diseases. The cocooning strategy is frequently recommended as a strategy to prevent transmission of influenza and pertussis. Cocooning may include the vaccination not only of mothers but also of fathers, grandparents, siblings, extended family members, daycare providers, healthcare workers, and other caregivers in contact with the infant. This chapter provides suggestions for implementing an adult immunization program in both ambulatory and inpatient pediatric settings.

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"Chapter 17: Infection Control in the Pharmacy Setting." In APhA’s Immunization Handbook, 4th edition. 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20037-2985: The American Pharmacists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21019/9781582123035.ch17.

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Angelo, Lauren B. "Chapter 17. Infection Control in the Pharmacy Setting." In APhA’s Immunization Handbook, 3rd Edition. 2215 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20037-2985: The American Pharmacists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21019/9781582122427.ch17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Control; Infection; Immunization"

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Di Giamberardino, Paolo, and Daniela Iacoviello. "Vaccination and Time Limited Immunization for SARS-CoV-2 Infection." In 18th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010578106090619.

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Nugraheni, Arwinda, Ani Margawati, Firdaus Wahyudi, Dea Amarilisa Adespin, and Bambang Hariyana. "Determinant Factors on Stunting Incidence among Children Age 6-24 Months, Pemalang, Central Java: A Case Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.28.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting among children under five can be caused by various factors, including inadequate food intake, characteristics of children, history of infectious diseases, family care pattern, and quality of health services. The dominant cause of stunting is different in each region. This study aimed to determinant the factors on stunting incidence among children age 6-24 months, Pemalang, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in July 2019 in the work area of the Kebondalem Community Health Center in Pemalang, Central Java. A total of 142 stunted children aged 6-24 months were selected for this study. The dependent variable of this study was stunting. The independent variables were nutritional intake, immunization status, hygene, exclusive breastfeeding, parental education, occupation, family income, and a history of infectious diseases. Data were collected using anthropometric measurements and interviews with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mother’s occupation (OR= 0.26; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.78; p= 0.035;), history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.25; p= 0.001), history of infectious disease (OR= 0.008; 95%CI= 0.02-0.25; p= 0.010), Nutritional intake (OR= 9.44; 95% CI=1.88 to 47.43; p= 0.006), and they were statistically significant. Conclusion: Mother’s occupation, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of disease infection, and nutritional intake are factors associated with the risk of stunting. Keywords: mother’s occupation, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of disease infection, and nutritional intake, stunting Correspondence: Arwinda Nugraheni. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: arwindanugraheni@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.28

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