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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Control in neuroscience'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yamanaka, Juri. "Anticipatory grip force control in stroke." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97235.

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When moving the arm while holding an object, grip force (GF) increases at movement onset (anticipatory control; AC). Post-stroke individuals preserve AC in some tasks but few of these have been ecological. We hypothesized that post-stroke individuals will have problems in AC during functional hand tasks. Subjects lifted a 63.5g load cell (lift) with the thumb and index finger and held it (hold) while flexing or extending the elbow (transport). GF, EMG activity of the elbow and thumb, and forearm acceleration were recorded. Stroke subjects had no impairments in AC between GF and acceleration. H

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2

Leonard, Julia Anne. "The feedforward control of posture and movement." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114142.

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Goal-directed arm movements performed in the standing position potentially disturb the body's equilibrium as a result of the multi-linked structure of the musculoskeletal system. To compensate for these disturbances and ensure that stability is maintained, the central nervous system (CNS) organizes postural adjustments preceding and accompanying the voluntary movement in a feedforward manner (Massion 1992) using knowledge of the dynamics of the body (Bouisset and Zattara 1981). To date, most studies investigating the control of posture during voluntary movements in humans have focused on eithe

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3

Bailey, Phoebe Elizabeth Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "The social cognitive neuroscience of empathy in older adulthood." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44506.

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Empathy is an essential prerequisite for the development and maintenance of close interpersonal relationships. Given that older adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation, it is surprising that few studies have assessed empathy in this group. The current programme of research addressed this gap in the literature by testing competing predictions derived from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the Ageing-Brain Model for age-related sparing and impairment of empathy, respectively. Study 1 compared young (N = 80) and older (N = 49) adults

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4

Wee, Caroline Lei. "Neuromodulatory Control of Motivated Behavior in the Larval Zebrafish." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493507.

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An animal’s behavior is strongly influenced by homeostatic drives that are crucial for survival and reproduction, such as the drive to eat, or to escape from harmful threats. In vertebrates, an evolutionarily ancient brain structure, the hypothalamus, is particularly important for coordinating these essential survival functions. Here, I leverage the simple and transparent brain of the vertebrate larval zebrafish to dissect the conserved hypothalamic networks that regulate appetite and defensive behaviors, focusing on how these overlapping circuits interact with and influence each other. By us

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5

Venugopalan, Viswanath. "Compulsion and control: prefrontal and mesolimbic systems in human addiction." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103490.

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Introduction: Addiction to drugs is a chronic disorder characterized by loss of control over substance use despite adverse personal consequences. Addiction can be conceived as the point where drug use is no longer under volitional control and, becomes characterized by compulsive seeking and taking. Drugs of abuse are believed to target two systems thought to be critical for adaptive behaviour, 1) a goal-oriented system relying on prefrontal cortex activity to exert control over behaviour and 2) a motivation system supported by mesocorticolimbic dopamine transmission. These systems are thought

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6

Jayaraman, Divya. "The role of centriole biogenesis in control of brain size." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845435.

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Mutations in several genes that encode centrosomal proteins dramatically decrease the size of the human brain, which is the largest in the primate lineage, but how the proteins encoded by these microcephaly (‘small brain’) genes interact in a cellular process is poorly understood. The centrosome is the main microtubule-nucleating organelle in animal cells and consists of two centrioles, which duplicate once per cell cycle. Asymmetric inheritance of centrosomes may be critical to the maintenance of stem cells but the mechanism is controversial. In this dissertation, I characterize the functions

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7

Keen, Douglas Andrew. "Neural and muscular control of the human extensor digitorum muscle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280191.

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The human hand has incredible dexterity which depends, in large part, on the ability to move the fingers relatively independently. Interestingly, many of the primary finger flexor and extensor muscles possess a single belly that gives rise distally to multiple tendons that insert onto all the fingers and consequently might produce movement in all of the fingers. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to examine the neuromuscular organization of a multi-tendoned finger extensor muscle, the human extensor digitorum (ED). Initially, we found that ED spike-triggered average motor unit f

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Hu, Wen Fan. "Building a Bigger Brain: Centriole Control of Cerebral Cortical Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070046.

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Human genetics has identified essential roles for many centriole- and cilia-related proteins during human development. Mutations in centrosome-associated genes commonly cause microcephaly, or "small brain," and mutations in cilia-associated genes cause a diverse spectrum of diseases termed "ciliopathies." However, the functional relationships between these two crucial organelles are less well studied. The activities of centrosome-related proteins during mitosis and cytoskeletal remodeling are well-characterized, but their in vivo functions are incompletely understood. Here, we identify novel h

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9

Lee, Andrew Moses. "Neural circuit for locomotor control, brain state modulation, and decision-making." Thesis, University of California, San Francisco, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599392.

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<p> Locomotion is a behavior essential for survival. It is important for guiding goal-directed approach towards desired outcomes and avoidance of aversive stimuli. To this end, a large number of processes in the brain are both regulated by and serve to inform the locomotor behavior of animals. Here, we attempt to define the neural circuits underlying locomotor control, the associated changes that locomotion has upon brain states, and the neurobiological basis of locomotor decisions. In Chapter 1, we describe what is known regarding the neural circuits guiding locomotor behaviors. We provide ba

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10

Johnson, Otto Luke Ross. "Physiological and anatomical control of burst firing in the substantia nigra." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268205.

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11

Murphy, Alexander James. "RNA and Protein Networks That Locally Control Brain Wiring During Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467385.

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The molecular machineries of growth cones control the formation of neural circuits in the developing brain. Although great progress has been made in elucidating axon guidance cues and their growth cone receptors, we still lack an understanding of the projection-specific RNA and protein networks in growth cones that likely control the wiring of specific circuits in vivo. To understand how specific projection neurons make wiring decisions, I focus on callosal projection neurons (CPN), which connect the two cerebral hemispheres through the corpus callosum. I developed an approach to profile and q

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12

Milstein, Aaron D. "Control of excitatory synaptic strength by auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359580.

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13

Hunt, Alexander Jacob. "Neurologically Based Control for Quadruped Walking." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1445947104.

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14

Van, Horn Marion. "Vergence eye movements redefined: the neural control of fast versus slow vergence." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96671.

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Seeing in 3D relies on the fact that our two eyes are spaced slightly apart. As a result, when our eyes are aligned on an object each eye has its own, slightly different view of the world. Information about relative depth is sent from visual cortex to the motor control centers in the brainstem, which are responsible for generating appropriate motor commands to move the eyes. Surprisingly, how the neurons in the brainstem use the depth information supplied by visual cortex to precisely aim each eye on a visual target remains highly controversial. This thesis investigates how individual neurons

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15

Hennessy, Morgan Lorraine. "Function-Specific Serotonergic Neurons in the Control of Breathing and Body Temperature." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845412.

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The control of respiration and body temperature involves neural circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT), though it is unclear precisely which serotonergic neurons are critical to these functions. Recent work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated considerable heterogeneity among serotonergic neurons – in their projection targets, expressed genes, and developmental origin – which we hypothesize reflects the subserving of distinct functions by distinct serotonergic neuron subtypes. More specifically, our laboratory has parsed molecular subtypes of

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16

Choe, Katrina. "Effect of chronic hypernatremia on osmoreceptor and baroreceptor control of supraoptic neurons." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119478.

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High consumption of dietary salt is prevalent in our society today and has been linked to pathologies such as salt-sensitive hypertension. The mechanism by which high salt causes increases in blood pressure remains unclear. Vasopressin (VP) is a neurohypophyseal hormone proposed to be involved in the etiology of salt-sensitive hypertension, because (i) high plasma sodium following dietary salt consumption triggers its release and (ii) a sufficiently high circulating concentration of the hormone can cause vasoconstriction. Two factors have been identified to have a major inhibitory influence ov

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17

McLachlan, Ian Gordon. "Genetic control of dendrite morphogenesis in C. elegans." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493511.

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The shapes and attachments of cells determine the machinery of organs; for example, the shapes and attachments of neurons and glia establish the wiring of the brain. To understand how neuronal dendrites obtain their morphologies and make the appropriate connections, we used C. elegans sense organs as models. Previous work identified a requirement for the extracellular matrix protein DYF-7 in dendrite extension: DYF-7 anchors dendrites dendrite endings at the embryonic nose while neuronal cell bodies migrate away, and in its absence, dendrites fail to extend. Here, we show that these dendrites

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18

Liu, Anita. "Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in a virtual environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117133.

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The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Past research shows that when we are walking through a texture-rich environment, we primarily use optic flow, a radially expanding pattern of motion, to accurately discriminate our heading direction and steer towards a goal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different brain regions i

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19

Baker, Daniel Hart. "Interocular suppression and contrast gain control in human vision." Thesis, Aston University, 2008. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/1432/.

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The human visual system combines contrast information from the two eyes to produce a single cyclopean representation of the external world. This task requires both summation of congruent images and inhibition of incongruent images across the eyes. These processes were explored psychophysically using narrowband sinusoidal grating stimuli. Initial experiments focussed on binocular interactions within a single detecting mechanism, using contrast discrimination and contrast matching tasks. Consistent with previous findings, dichoptic presentation produced greater masking than monocular or binocula

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20

Melanson-Drapeau, Lysanne. "Connexin32-mediated control of progenitor cell fate in injured and uninjured adult mouse brain." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29364.

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Gap junction protein expression has been implicated in progenitor cell proliferation, survival, and specification during development. The present study was undertaken to establish the role of the gap junction protein connexin32 in dictating progenitor cell fate in adult mouse brain. In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, I localized the connexin32 protein to a subset of NG2 + early oligodendrocyte progenitors. In connexin32-null mutant mice, I found an increase in the total number of proliferating early oligodendrocyte progenitors and demonstrated that the turnover of these cells is constitu

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21

Mooney, David M. "Cholinergic control of sensory synaptic transmission in primary and nonprimary auditory thalamus of rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66175.pdf.

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22

Paré, Martin. "The neural control of fixation and saccadic gaze displacements by midbrain and brainstem structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28880.

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Exploration of the visual world requires almost incessant movements of the visual axis (gaze), which are separated by periods of fixation. This thesis describes the neural control of fixation and saccadic gaze displacements. The superior colliculus (SC) is a mid-brain structure involved in gaze redirection executed either by the eyes alone or by combined eye and head movements. Microstimulation of the cat SC revealed a map of evoked gaze shifts, which was coextensive with the motor map encoded by the neuronal activity. The spatio-temporal characteristics of these evoked gaze shifts depended, t

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23

Barbarosie, Michaela T. (Michaela Teodora). "Presynaptic control of 4-aminopyridine-induced activity in the in vitro adult rat hippocampus." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22716.

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The convulsant and K$ sp+$ channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4AP), induces two types of synchronous, spontaneous field potentials in the stratum radiatum of the CA3 subfield, in an in vitro hippocampal slice obtained from adult rat. The first type of activity is a positive-going interictal-like potential that corresponds to a burst of population spikes, and is abolished by non-NMDA receptor antagonists; the second type of field potential is a low frequency, negative going synchronous event which is sensitive to GABA$ rm sb{A}$ receptor antagonism. Knowing that in the hippocampus, adenosine A1

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24

Khan, Rishi Lee. "Engineering systems neuroscience modeling of a key adaptive brain control system involved in hypertension /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 281 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362523091&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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25

Dashti, Eman. "Role of receptor mediated endocytosis-8, a novel Parkinson's disease gene, in mitochondrial quality control." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121496.

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Over the past two decades, significant understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to the discovery of genes, that when mutated, are responsible for familial forms of PD. Recently a novel autosomal dominant mutation (AD) causing PD was identified in receptor-mediated endocytosis-8 (RME-8). When mutated, symptoms of PD manifest with an onset ~ 70 years of age. RME-8 is a DnaJ domain containing protein that plays an important role in intercellular trafficking and recycling of retrograde cargo. Loss of function of RME-8 disrupts the endosome to Golgi transpor

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Richter, Franziska Rebekka. "The control of task sets and long-term memory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6537ad2c-107b-4517-8b37-7d5d59edbe3b.

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The current thesis explores the complex relationship between cognitive control and memory. A series of experiments combined task-switching paradigms with recognition memory tests to measure how switching between tasks influences effective control over long-term memory. In these experiments, participants were presented with compound stimuli consisting of a picture and an overlaid word, and were cued in each trial whether the word or the picture was relevant (attended) or irrelevant (unattended). Participants were then tested for their memory of items presented during task switching. Experiments

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Hua, Silvia. "An examination of the effects of equilibrium on the control of goal-directed reaching in humans." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106579.

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Goal-directed reaching movements executed from seated positions exhibit rapid, automatic corrections in response to a change in target position. In the standing posture, corrections in arm trajectory during reaching movements are accompanied by feedforward corrections in postural activity which create the dynamical conditions necessary for successful task execution. However, it is unknown how equilibrium constraints associated with standing as opposed to sitting, which has little or no equilibrium constraints, influence the neural processes underlying online corrections of goal-directed moveme

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Jaiswal, Stuti J. "The Consequences of Developmental Nicotine Exposure on Neonatal Central Respiratory Control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293608.

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Developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) exerts negative consequences on the CNS via the activation of nAChRs that are available early and widely throughout development (refs). In this work, we examined how DNE changed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in brainstem regions involved in central breathing control. Previous work using the brainstem-spinal cord preparation had shown that DNE augmented the respiratory-related response to AMPA, muscimol (a GABAA agonist), and glycine (Luo et al., 2004; Luo et al., 2007; Pilarski and Fregosi, 2009a). These studies used a split-bath preparation

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D'Alberto, Nicholas C. "Examining Inter- And Intra-Individual Differences In The Neurobiological Mechanisms Associated With Inhibitory Control." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/962.

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Adolescence is an ideal time to measure the development of the neural mechanisms associated with inhibitory control because this age period is marked by impulsive and risk taking behaviors. Maturational brain changes in the prefrontal cortex that are associated with the emergence of inhibitory control are thought to occur during this age. With knowledge of how this system develops, it may be possible to identify the development of disorders that arise from poor inhibitory control such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use. The goal of the current dissertation is

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Keeler, Austin Byler. "Branching out by sticking together: elucidating mechanisms of gamma-protocadherin control of dendrite arborization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2230.

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Growth of a properly complex dendrite arbor is a vital step in neuronal differentiation and a prerequisite for normal neural circuit formation; likewise, overly dense or sparse dendrite arbors are a key feature of abnormal neural circuit formation and characteristic of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, identifying factors involved in aberrant dendrite complexity and therefore aberrant circuit formation, are necessary to understanding these disorders. In my doctoral work I have elucidated both intracellular and extracellular aspects to the gamma-protocadherins (γ-Pcdhs) that regulate den

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Garrett, Andrew. "Control of synaptogenesis and dendritic arborization by the γ-Protocadherin family of adhesion molecules". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/362.

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During development, the mammalian nervous system wires into a precise network of unrivaled complexity. The formation of this network is regulated by an assortment of molecular cues, both secreted molecules and cell-surface proteins. The ã-Protocadherins (ã-Pcdhs) are particularly good candidates for involvement in these processes. This family of adhesion molecules consists of 22 members, each with diverse extracellular adhesive domains and shared cytoplasmic domains. Thus, cellular interactions with varied adhesive partners can trigger common cytoplasmic responses. Here we investigated the fun

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Ellender, Tommas Jan. "Perisomatic-targeting interneurons control the initiation of hippocampal population bursts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c9c34af-a20f-4c9c-9cb3-85f110a1e38e.

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Replay of spike sequences can be seen during sharp wave – ripple population burst activity in the hippocampus. It is thought that this activity, which occurs during rest and sleep, is involved in memory consolidation. The cellular mechanisms underlying the initiation of these replay events are not well understood. To investigate this, a hippocampal slice model, showing spontaneous sharp wave – ripple activity, and a combination of planar multi-electrode array recordings and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of anatomically identified hippocampal neurons were used. Firstly, the spatial and temp

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33

Singh, Deeba. "Phosphorylation sites on specific neuronal proteins can control the mode of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and thereby regulate synaptic transmission." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23988/.

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Synaptic vesicles (SVs) can exocytose via Full fusion (FF) or by Kiss-and-Run (KR) mechanisms. In this thesis, synaptosomes prepared from adult rat cerebrocortex demonstrated that these modes can be switched by regulating the intracellular calcium levels and/or protein phosphorylation reactions. The stimuli employed were: 30 mM K+ (HK), 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4AP) and 5 mM ionomycin (ION) together with 5 mM Ca2+. In this model employed, myosin-II and dynamins can regulate the closure of the fusion pore of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of SVs during KR but are independent of each other’s act

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Orłowski, Jakub. "Adaptive control of time-delay systems to counteract pathological brain oscillations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS605.

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Les oscillations beta (10-30 Hz) observées dans les ganglions de la base sont un bio-marqueur connu de la maladie de Parkinson. Leur intensité est corrélée à une augmentation des symptômes d'akinésie et de bradykinésie. La stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) conduit à une réduction de ces oscillations cérébrales ainsi qu'à une amélioration de la qualité vie du patient. La SCP actuellement utilisée en clinique est toutefois de nature boucle ouverte: les paramètres du signal de stimulation délivré sont constants, indépendamment de l'activité cérébrale ou de l'état du patient. Ceci peut conduire

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Montpetit, Colin J. "Neuronal control of catecholamine release in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28961.

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The aim of this thesis was to study aspects of the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion in a teleost, the rainbow trout. The development and validation of a nerve stimulation technique made it possible to determine that a portion of the neuronal control of catecholamine release, which prevailed at low frequency stimulation, could be attributed to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and/or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). On the other hand, cholinergic stimulation predominated during higher levels of neuronal activity. Fluorescent histochemical techniques i

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Yen, Jasper Tong-Biau. "Force control during human bouncing gaits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43698.

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Every movement has a goal. For reaching, the goal is to move the hand to a specific location. For locomotion, however, goals for each step cycle are unclear and veiled by the automatic nature of lower limb control. What mechanical variables does the nervous system "care" about during locomotion? Abundant evidence from the biomechanics literature suggests that the force generated on the ground, or endpoint force, is an important task variable during hopping and running. Hopping and running are called bouncing gaits for the reason that the endpoint force trajectory is like that of bouncing on a

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Kang, Jing. "Discrimination and control in stochastic neuron models." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3155/.

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Major topics of great interest in neuroscience involve understanding the brain function in stimuli coding, perceptive discrimination, and movement control through neuronal activities. Many researchers are designing biophysical and psychological experiments to study the activities of neurons in the presence of various stimuli. People have also been trying to link the neural responses to human perceptual and behavioral level. In addition, mathematical models and neural networks have been developed to investigate how neurons respond and communicate with each other. In this thesis, my aim is to un

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Tomasevic, Leo. "Non invasive investigation of sensorimotor control for future development of brain-machine-interface (BMI)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3161.

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My thesis focuses on describing novel functional connectivity properties of the sensorimotor system that are of potential interest in the field of brain-machine interface. In particular, I have investigated how the connectivity changes as a consequence of either pathologic conditions or spontaneous fluctuations of the brain's internal state. An ad-hoc electronic device has been developed to implement the appropriate experimental settings. First, the functional communication among sensorimotor primary nodes was investigated in multiple sclerosis patients afflicted by persistent fatigue. I selec

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Fuller, David Dwight 1970. "Respiratory-related control and functional significance of tongue protrudor and retractor muscles." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282801.

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The mammalian upper airway includes the larynx, pharynx, and nose. Respiratory-related contraction of the skeletal muscles situated in and around these regions influences upper airway diameter and compliance. The pharynx is the most collapsible upper airway segment, and its diameter and compliance depend in part on tongue position and stiffness. These parameters are controlled by the genioglossus (GG) muscle, which protrudes the tongue, and the hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG) muscles, which retract the tongue. Prior work has focused almost exclusively on the GG, leaving a gap in the lite

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Gordon, Kara Leigh. "TorsinA and protein quality control." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2708.

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DYT1 dystonia (DYT1) is a disabling inherited neurological disorder with juvenile onset. The genetic mutation in DYT1 leads to the deletion of a glutamic acid (E) residue in the protein torsinA. The function of torsinA and how the mutation leads to DYT1 is poorly understood. We hypothesize that how efficiently the disease-linked mutant protein is cleared may be critical for DYT1 pathogenesis. Therefore we explored mechanisms of torsinA catabolism, employing biochemical, cellular, and animal-based approaches. We asked if torsinA(wt) and torsinA(DE) are degraded preferentially through different

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Platt, Nicola J. "Investigating the presynaptic control of striatal dopamine release." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5af7e14b-4411-43ad-9902-44cbd6d170cb.

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Dopamine (DA) is a key neuromodulator in the striatum, and is important for action selection and reinforcement learning. Dysfunctions in striatal DA signalling contribute to numerous disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and drug addiction. Midbrain DA neurons switch from low to high frequency firing in response to reward-related events, which is proposed to increase striatal DA release. However, in addition to DA neuron firing pattern, striatal DA signalling depends upon the short-term plasticity of DA release, which is controlled by presynaptic and local network factors. This thesis u

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Drummond, Neil M. "Inhibitory Control Processes During the Preparation and Initiation of Motor Responses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35690.

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The ability to stop ongoing movements or prevent unwanted movements is fundamental to behavioural control. This thesis addresses the neural processes underlying inhibitory control and how initiation and stop processes interact to control behaviour. We conducted four studies, employing various behavioural tasks that require humans to prepare to initiate a response with the possibility that it may have to be prevented or stopped from being initiated. In the first experiment we sought to determine whether the increase in reaction time (RT) during the performance of traditional stop-signal task wa

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Cohen, Zvi 1967. "Central serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the control of the cerebral circulation : anatomical basis and functional receptors." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37543.

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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is known to influence cerebrovascular functions such as local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and has been implicated in cerebrovascular diseases. The present study used a multifaceted approach to determine the distribution, density and origin of the 5-HT innervation of blood vessels at the base of the brain and overlying the cerebral cortex as well as those embedded in the cortical parenchyma. In addition, the type(s) of 5-HT receptor(s) present on intracortical blood vessels as well as their precise cellular localiza

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Chua, Winnie Wei Ling. "Interactions between force and timing control of repeated actions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6286/.

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Variability is an inherent component in movement and provides an insight into control processes involved in producing motor responses. This thesis investigates the interactions between force and timing processes in the production of repetitive actions from an information processing perspective. Force-time interactions are examined in steady state sequences, sequences with step changes, and steady state sequences with a secondary visual search task as an attentional load. The account of control in normal healthy participants is then applied to describe behaviour of patients with cerebrovascular

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Vanes, Lucy Denise. "A systems neuroscience perspective on treatment resistant schizophrenia : the role of cognitive control, reinforcement learning, and myelination." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-systems-neuroscience-perspective-on-treatment-resistant-schizophrenia(b453e9a9-03f2-42fd-a676-614b032f7de7).html.

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Approximately a third of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotic treatment targeting the dopamine system, suggesting that a separable neural dysfunction may drive psychosis in these patients. This thesis aims to probe the mechanisms underlying treatment response by investigating two cognitive processes which have been implicated in schizophrenia – cognitive control and reinforcement learning – as well as brain myelination. The key hypotheses are that 1) treatment resistant schizophrenia emerges due to a failure to exert cognitive control, characterised by prefrontal hypoact

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Yusainy, Cleoputri. "Overcoming aggression : musing on mindfulness and self-control." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13467/.

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The ability to restrain oneself from acting on aggressive impulses is arguably a crucial aspect of human functioning and interaction. Yet growing evidence in the literature suggests that people’s self-control resources may be limited and, at times, self-controlled regulation could even increase the association between aggressive triggers and aggressive behaviour. As an alternative, mindfulness practices encourage individuals to be aware and accept their aggression-related thoughts and emotions simply as an ephemeral state rather than to control them. Across four studies, we investigated the po

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Chéry, Nadège. "Inhibitory control of neurons in the marginal zone (lamina I) of the rat spinal cord." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/NQ64534.pdf.

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McFarlane, Sarah. "Developmental control of voltage-gated potassium currents on postnatal rat peripheral neurons." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39454.

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Voltage-gated potassium (K) channels are important in controlling a neuron's excitability. In this thesis I show that neonatal rat nodose and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons express three voltage-gated K currents: a non-inactivating delayed rectifier type current (IK); a rapidly inactivating A-current (IAf), and; a slowly inactivating A-current (IAs). The channels that underlie IAf and IAs differ in their voltage-dependent, kinetic and pharmacological properties, but share the same single channel conductance, suggesting that rapidly and slowly inactivating A-channels are distinct subt

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White, James David. "A controlled comparative investigation of large group therapy for generalised anxiety disorder - "stress control"." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3708/.

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One hundred and nine generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) patients, referred by their General Practitioners to a clinical psychology primary care service, were assigned to either Cognitive, Behavioural, Cognitive-behavioural, Placebo or Waiting List conditions. `Stress Control' large group therapy combined didactic therapy with a workshop model and emphasised the aim of turning patients into their own `therapists' in order to enable them to deal with present and future problems. Patients were thus encouraged to view Stress Control as an `evening class' rather than `group therapy'. Measures of tr

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Watson, Amanda Joyce. "Individual Differences in Inhibitory Control Skills at Three Years of Age." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42162.

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Seventy-three children participated in an investigation of inhibitory control (IC) at 3 years of age. Child IC was measured under various conditions in order to determine the impact that nonverbal and/or motivational task demands had on child IC task performance. Furthermore, task performance was examined with respect to measures of language, temperament, and psychophysiology. Tasks showed different patterns of relations to each of these variables. Furthermore, performance on the Hand Game, our measure of nonverbal IC, was explained by frontal EEG activity and, surprisingly, by language ab

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