Academic literature on the topic 'Control Family'

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Journal articles on the topic "Control Family"

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Sarnon, Norulhuda. "BEYOND CONTROL ADOLESCENTS COPING TOWARDS DYSFUNCTIONING FAMILY: INTEGRATING ROLES WITH FAMILY SYSTEM THEORY." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 4379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201543.

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정진나 and Choi,Kyoung-Sook. "Parental Control and Korean Family : Comparing Anglo American and Korean Cultural Beliefs." Family and Culture 20, no. 4 (December 2008): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21478/family.20.4.200812.007.

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Zellweger, Thomas M., Franz W. Kellermanns, James J. Chrisman, and Jess H. Chua. "Family Control and Family Firm Valuation by Family CEOs: The Importance of Intentions for Transgenerational Control." Organization Science 23, no. 3 (June 2012): 851–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0665.

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Asbjørn, Ole. "Pain control." European Journal of General Practice 7, no. 2 (January 2001): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13814780109048791.

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Aktas, Nihat, Santo Centineo, and Ettore Croci. "Value of Control in Family Firms: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions." Multinational Finance Journal 20, no. 2 (2016): 85–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/20-2-1.

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Mietzner, Mark, Reinhard Pruegl, and Philipp von und zu Gilsa. "Corporate Acquisitions and Family Control." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 16976. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.317.

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Weinstein, Sally M., Oksana Pugach, Genesis Rosales, Giselle S. Mosnaim, Surrey M. Walton, and Molly A. Martin. "Family Chaos and Asthma Control." Pediatrics 144, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): e20182758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2758.

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Feldman, Emilie, Raphael H. Amit, and Belen Villalonga. "Corporate Divestitures and Family Control." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 11547. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11547abstract.

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Heatherington, Laurie. "Family therapy, control, and controllingness." Journal of Family Psychology 4, no. 2 (1990): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.4.2.132.

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Amore, Mario Daniele. "Social capital and family control." Explorations in Economic History 65 (July 2017): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2016.06.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Control Family"

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Xiong, Weidong. "A FAMILY OF HIERARCHICAL CONCURRENCY CONTROL PROTOCOLS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1604.

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In this thesis, we propose a family of concurrency control protocols for high data contention database environments. The first one is called the Prudent-Precedence Concurrency Control (PPCC) protocol. It is prudently more aggressive in permitting more serializable schedules than two-phase locking and maintains a restricted precedence among conflicting transactions and commits the transactions according to the serialization order established in the executions. The second one is a family of hierarchical concurrency control protocols called the Hierarchical Precedence Concurrency Control (HPCC) protocols. It maintains cycle-free precedence hierarchies for conflicting transactions. Conflicting operations are allowed to proceed only if the hierarchical orderings of precedence is not violated. Transactions also commit based on the serialization order established during the executions. Detailed simulation models have been implemented for all these protocols and extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the two-phase locking and optimistic concurrency control over a wide range of system workloads.
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Wojcik, Christopher. "Marriage and family planning an Orthodox Christian perspective /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Echaiz, Moreno Sandra Violeta. "El Family Office como órgano de control de financiamiento de las empresas familiares." Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622875.

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El presente artículo está orientado a aquellas familias que habiendo constituido empresas familiares cuentan con capitales millonarios y a quienes se les sugiere, mediante un Consejo de Familia, constituir Family Office con la finalidad de tener un mejor control del financiamiento de sus empresas y llegar a distinguir con claridad cuál es el patrimonio de la empresa familiar y cuando es el patrimonio familiar. Está institución está orientada a empresas familiares de capitales superiores a los 100 millones de dólares y sirve como un mecanismo de inversión de grandes proyectos en donde se procurará preservar el patrimonio económico en aras de proteger a las futuras generaciones.
This paper is intended for families who, having set up family companies, have millions of dollars and who have been suggested, through a Family Council, to establish a Family Office in order to have a better control over the financing of their companies and to distinguish eith clarity what is the family business’ assets and what is the family’s assets. This institution aims at family businesses with capital exceeding 100 million US dollars and serves as an investment mechanism for large projects where efforts will be made to preserve the financial assets in order to protect future generations.
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Hartmann, Peta B., and n/a. "Family Functioning and Anorexia Nervosa: The Issue of Control." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030528.124015.

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This thesis aimed to examine the functioning of families with a sufferer of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), using self-report measures and a direct observation family discussion task. Researchers and clinicians have long been interested in the interactional patterns of these sufferers within the family unit, although few have furthered our understanding of the interplay between family functioning, cohesion and emotional expression and issues such as control, by directly examining these interactions. The construct of control has been another area of interest in recent research, although how it is constructed and operates within this disorder remains unclear and ambiguous. Thus the purpose of this research was to expand the study of adolescents suffering Anorexia Nervosa who still resided within the family unit, from merely studying self-report measures and retrospective surveys of recovery, to include a direct examination of sufferers and their families at the time of the disorder. Participants included 16 female sufferers of Anorexia Nervosa and their parents, 17 drug and alcohol sufferers, and 18 non-clinic families. Both parents and their daughters completed self-report inventories assessing their clinical status as well as family functioning and marital happiness. In addition, family members participated in a series of family discussion tasks which were coded for the dimensions of autonomy, cohesiveness, avoidance and control. In Study 1 (Chapter 7), the self-report measures of the anorexic families were examined specifically in relation to the construct of control acting as a mediating variable between level of dysfunction and severity of the disorder. Consistent with previous research, levels of marital happiness and family cohesion influenced the severity level of the daughter's Anorexia Nervosa. This study also explored the construct of control within the family system and found that the more moral-religious emphasis in the family, the more concerned the daughter was with her weight. At the same time daughters were reporting higher levels of moral-religious emphasis, they were reporting higher levels of self-control. The daughters in this study appeared to be inconsistent in their behavioural responses. The daughters' weight concern increased with their own reported levels of moral-religious emphasis in the family. However, as this emphasis increased, so too did their control scores. It was supposed that conflict may be created in a family when strong religious and/or strong moral values are emphasized, particularly when one of the family members suffers AN. This issue is discussed in depth. Study 2 sought to examine these variables further by using a direct observation family discussion task to compare an independent observer's ratings to the family's ratings of the discussion, across the three groups. The study examined the daughters' and mothers' perceptions and compared significant results to the observer's ratings. This study highlighted that the mothers of sufferers appeared not to be concerned about their own bodies and weight, and not distressed when discussing with their daughters the issues of control in the areas of family, body, school and friends. Furthermore, the anorexic daughters presented as more sad and anxious than the two other groups and indicated that their parents had more control over their bodies than they did themselves. Finally, for the majority of participating families, the fathers were absent and this issue is explored.
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Lee, Mee-ling Louisa, and 李美玲. "Perception of control, family and peers in adolescents' coping." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978095.

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Bleininger, Melissa S. Bleininger. "An Examination of Self-Control and the Family Structure." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1462455646.

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Sievert, Kristin E. "Control and management tasks within family financial management systems." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998sievertk.pdf.

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Niemelä, Eila. "A component framework of a distributed control systems family /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1999. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1999/P402.pdf.

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Lee, Mee-ling Louisa. "Perception of control, family and peers in adolescents' coping." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1947099X.

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Huang, Li. "Family processes, low self-control, and deviance a longitudinal test of self-control theory /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/HUANG_LI_23.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Control Family"

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Family planning. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Public Aid, 1987.

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Family planning. Springfield: Illinois Dept. of Public Aid, 1985.

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Family planning. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Public Aid, 1988.

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Fraser, Jane. Contraception: Birth control, family planning. Birmingham: Brook Advisory Centres, 1991.

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William, Mitchell. Self-control in the family. Nashville, Tenn: LifeWay, 1997.

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Rodger, John J. Family Life and Social Control. Edited by Jo Campling. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24628-1.

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Marcaccio, Keyzer Amy, ed. Family planning sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2001.

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Self-control. Champaign: Dalkey Archive Press, 2012.

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Keysers, Loes. Family planning: More than fertility control? [East Lansing, Mich.]: Michigan State University, 1989.

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McPherson, M. Peter. International family planning. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Control Family"

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Snow, Robert L. "Emotional Abuse and Control." In Family Abuse, 122–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6120-4_7.

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Goodwin, Marjorie Harness, and Asta Cekaite. "Control touch in directives." In Embodied Family Choreography, 64–82. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Directions in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315207773-4.

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Menning, Melanie, and Peter Schindler. "Family Planning, Birth Control, and Contraception." In Family Medicine, 1–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_144-1.

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Menning, Melanie, and Peter Schindler. "Family Planning, Birth Control, and Contraception." In Family Medicine, 1439–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_144.

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Koeberle-Schmid, Alexander, Denise Kenyon-Rouvinez, and Ernesto J. Poza. "The Benefits of Control Instruments and Control Systems." In Governance in Family Enterprises, 121–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137293909_7.

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Wideman, Timothy H., Michael J. L. Sullivan, Shuji Inada, David McIntyre, Masayoshi Kumagai, Naoya Yahagi, J. Rick Turner, et al. "Birth Control, Family Planning." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 228. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100185.

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Marshall, Christopher J. "The ras Gene Family." In Oncogenes and Growth Control, 192–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3_26.

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Harris, Bridget, and Delanie Woodlock. "Remote-control." In Technology and Domestic and Family Violence, 144–59. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429316098-14.

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Neubauer, Fred, and Alden G. Lank. "Control as a Key Governance Measure." In The Family Business, 209–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14465-5_9.

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Debenham, Clare. "Family Values." In Marie Stopes’ Sexual Revolution and the Birth Control Movement, 19–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71664-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Control Family"

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Xu, Meng-na. "Research on the intra-family governance in private family-owned enterprises." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6068114.

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Ma, Hongyu, Hanying Tang, and Bin Wang. "A Study on Informal Organizational Work-Family Support, Work-Family Enrichment and Work-Family Conflict of Chinese Employees." In 2008 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cccm.2008.392.

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Luminita, Duta,. "Disassembly Scheduling for Family of Products." In Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, edited by Bakhtadze, Natalia, Chair Dolgui, Alexandre and Bakhtadze, Natalia. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-ru-2001.00124.

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Yuan, Qin, and Siyu Xia. "Kinship Understanding for a Family Photo." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832876.

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Choudhary, Ashish, Aniruddha Datta, Michael Bittner, and Edward Dougherty. "Control in a family of Boolean networks." In 2006 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gensips.2006.353133.

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Massoumnia, Mohammad-Ali, and Robert L. Kosut. "A Family of Norms For System Identification Problems." In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4793230.

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Hespanhol, Pedro, and Anil Aswani. "Family-Personalized Dietary Planning with Temporal Dynamics." In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8430885.

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Tiwari, Ashish. "Compositionally analyzing a proportional-integral controller family." In 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160779.

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Fish, Andrew J. "Exponential Stability for a Family of Continuous Nonlinear Systems." In 1992 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1992.4792338.

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Tadjine, M., M. M'Saad, and L. Dugard. "A Family of Dynamic Controllers with Loop Transfer Recovery." In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4792822.

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Reports on the topic "Control Family"

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Head, Heather R., and Charles W. Kurnik. Single-Family Quality Control Inspector Job Task Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1439045.

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Mihalick, David M. Desktop Corrosion Control Study for Eagle Meadows Military Family Housing Annex at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326257.

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Khan, Tanvir, Charles Withers, Nicholas Bonilla, and Eric Martin. Lab Home Testing of Residential Isolation Space Control to Minimize Infectious Disease Transmission in Existing Single-Family Homes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782693.

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Stakes, Keith, Keith Stakes, Julie Bryant, Nick Dow, Jack Regan, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Multi-Family Dwellings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ympj4047.

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The majority of the existing full-scale fire service research studied the impact of tactics on the residential fireground, specifically in single-family structures. This study builds upon prior research by conducting thirteen experiments in three-story, multi-family dwellings to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. Experiments were conducted in four, garden-style apartment buildings; each of which had two lower-level units, four first-floor units, and four second-floor units. The apartments shared a common stairwell that was enclosed for all of the experiments in this study. To examine the effectiveness of tactics in the fire apartment, common stairwell and applicable exposure apartments, four experiments were conducted in lower-level apartments, seven were conducted in first-floor apartments, and two were conducted in second-floor apartments including both bedroom and kitchen/living room fires. The fire size varied based on the amount of initial ventilation provided. The main control variables included the location of initial water application, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The suppression tactics included interior water application, exterior water application followed by interior water application, and a combined interior and exterior water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation. Similar to previous experiments in acquired single-family structures, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in close coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. In contrast, for experiments where ventilation occurred with delayed suppression, temperature exposures increased throughout the fire apartment, and in experiments where the apartment door was left open, temperatures and carbon monoxide exposures increased throughout the common stairwell. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. The enclosed common stairwell, a unique feature of this experimental series, acted as capture of combustion products. Opening the apartment door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential for smoke movement into the stairwell, limiting the egress for potentially trapped occupants in exposure units. Tactics such as door control, positive pressure ventilation, and hydraulic ventilation which were used both simultaneous with and sequentially post-suppression were shown to limit gas flows into the stairwell. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Regan, Jack, Julie Bryant, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/slzh7498.

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Prior full-scale research with the fire service was primarily designed to isolate specific tactics, most often either ventilation or suppression, which allowed researchers to develop science-based recommendations related to the specific components of fireground operations studied in relatively controlled conditions. The current project went beyond earlier research by conducting twenty experiments in eight acquired, single-family residential structures and that combined fireground tactics to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. This experimental series included second-story bedroom fires (14 experiments) and first-floor kitchen fires (6 experiments). The main control variables studied included the position of initial application of water, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation, while the suppression tactics included both interior water application and initial exterior water application followed by interior water application. While some elements of the experiments (e.g. structure floor plan and weather) resulted in increased variability, the lessons learned highlighted the importance of having a systematic approach to the implementation of tactics. Most importantly, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. The effectiveness of suppression actions in extinguishing the fire were dependent on the ability of those actions to 1) cool surfaces in the fire room and 2) wet unburned fuel. Exterior suppression actions on second-floor bedroom fires resulted in a decrease in temperatures throughout the second floor, followed by regrowth prior to final suppression through interior streams. When exterior suppression was performed on first-floor kitchen fires, where more complete fuel wetting was possible, regrowth was not observed prior to interior suppression. When surface cooling or fuel wetting are not possible due to the elevation of the fire room, missing ceiling, or obstacles, firefighters should consider alternative means of water distribution to improve the effectiveness of suppression actions from outside the fire room. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, generally resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. Conditions improved most quickly at locations closest in proximity to the inlet of the flow path established between the front door and the fire room. For this reason, opening an exterior door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential to improve conditions for potentially trapped occupants. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Dong, Chenyang, Ruoya Liu, Yang Yang, Zhiyang Huang, Shiyuan Sun, and Ran Li. Effect of exercise intervention based on family management or self- management on glycemic control in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0046.

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Zevotek, Robin, and Steve Kerber. Study of the Effectiveness of Fire Service Positive Pressure Ventilation During Fire Attack in Single Family Homes Incorporating Modern Construction Practices. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/gsph6169.

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There is a continued tragic loss of firefighter and civilian lives, as shown by fire statistics. One significant contributing factor is the lack of understanding of fire behavior in residential structures resulting from the use of ventilation as a firefighter practice on the fire ground. The changing dynamics of residential fires as a result of the changes in home construction materials, contents, size and geometry over the past 30 years compounds our lack of understanding of the effects of ventilation on fire behavior. Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fans were introduced as a technology to increase firefighter safety by controlling the ventilation. However, adequate scientific data is not available for PPV to be used without increasing the risk to firefighters. This fire research report details the experimental data from cold flow experiments, fuel load characterization experiments and full scale fire experiments. During the project it was identified that the positive pressure attack (PPA) and positive pressure ventilation (PPV) were often used interchangeably. For the purpose of this report they have been defined as PPA for when the fan is utilized prior to fire control and PPV for when the fan is used post fire control. The information from the full scale tests was reviewed with assistance from our technical panel of fire service experts to develop tactical considerations for the use of PPV fans in residential single family structures.
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Zevotek, Robin, and Steve Kerber. Fire Service Summary Report: Study of the Effectiveness of Fire Service Positive Pressure Ventilation During Fire Attack in Single Family Homes Incorporating Modern Construction Practices. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ncck4947.

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There is a continued tragic loss of firefighter and civilian lives, as shown by fire statistics. One significant contributing factor is the lack of understanding of fire behavior in residential structures resulting from the use of ventilation as a firefighter practice on the fire ground. The changing dynamics of residential fires as a result of the changes in home construction materials, contents, size and geometry over the past 30 years compounds our lack of understanding of the effects of ventilation on fire behavior. Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fans were introduced as a technology to increase firefighter safety by controlling the ventilation. However, adequate scientific data is not available for PPV to be used without increasing the risk to firefighters. This fire research report details the experimental data from cold flow experiments, fuel load characterization experiments and full scale fire experiments. During the project it was identified that the positive pressure attack (PPA) and positive pressure ventilation (PPV) were often used interchangeably. For the purpose of this report they have been defined as PPA for when the fan is utilized prior to fire control and PPV for when the fan is used post fire control. The information from the full scale tests was reviewed with assistance from our technical panel of fire service experts to develop tactical considerations for the use of PPV fans in residential single family structures.
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Ullman, Diane, James Moyer, Benjamin Raccah, Abed Gera, Meir Klein, and Jacob Cohen. Tospoviruses Infecting Bulb Crops: Evolution, Diversity, Vector Specificity and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695847.bard.

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Objectives. The overall goal of the proposed research was to develop a mechanistic understanding of tospovirus evolution, diversity and vector specificity that could be applied to development of novel methods for limiting virus establishment and spread. Our specific objectives were: 1) To characterize newly intercepted tospoviruses in onion, Hippeastrum and other bulb crops and compare them with the known tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and its isolates; 2) To characterize intra- and interspecific variation in the virus transmission by thrips of the new and distinct tospoviruses. and, 3) To determine the basis of vector specificity using biological, cellular and molecular approaches. Background. New tospoviruses infecting bulb crops were detected in Israel and the US in the mid-90s. Their plant host ranges and relationships with thrips vectors showed they differed from the type member of the Tospovirus genus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Outbreaks of these new viruses caused serious crop losses in both countries, and in agricultural and ornamental crops elsewhere. In the realm of plant infecting viruses, the tospoviruses (genus: Tospovirus , family: Bunyaviridae ) are among the most aggressive emerging viruses. Tospoviruses are transmitted by several species of thrips in a persistent, propagative fashion and the relationships between the viruses and their thrips vectors are often specific. With the emergence of new tospoviruses, new thrips vector/tospovirus relationships have also arisen and vector specificities have changed. There is known specificity between thrips vector species and particular tospoviruses, although the cellular and molecular bases for this specificity have been elusive. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. We demonstrated that a new tospovirus, iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) caused "straw bleaching" in onion (Allium cepa) and lisianthus necrosis in lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum). Characterization of virus isolates revealed genetic diversity among US, Brazilian, Dutch and Israeli isolates. IYSV was not seed transmitted, and in Israel, was not located in bulbs of infected plants. In the US, infected plants were generated from infected bulbs. The relationship between IYSV and Thrips tabaci was shown to be specific. Frankliniella occidentalis, the primary vector of many other tospoviruses, did not transmit IYSV isolates in Israel or the US. Furthermore, 1': tabaci populations varied in their transmission ability. Transmission was correlated to IYSV presence in thrips salivary glands. In Israel, surveys in onion fields revealed that the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the predominant species and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV infection. In contrast, in the U.S., T. tabaci and F. occidentalis were present in high numbers during the times sampled. In Israel, insecticides reduced onion thrips population and caused a significant yield increase. In the US, a genetic marker system that differentiates non-thrips transmissible isolates from thrips transmissible isolate demonstrated the importance of the M RNA to thrips transmission of tospoviruses. In addition, a symbiotic Erwinia was discovered in thrips and was shown to cause significant artifacts in certain types of virus binding experiments. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Rapid emergence of distinct tospoviruses and new vector relationships is profoundly important to global agriculture. We advanced the understanding of IYSV in bulb crops and its relationships with thrips vector species. The knowledge gained provided growers with new strategies for control and new tools for studying the importance of particular viral proteins in thrips specificity and transmission efficiency.
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10

Foreit, James R. FRONTIERS capacity building: An overview. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1005.

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The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program is a cooperative agreement with USAID to improve family planning and reproductive health service delivery through operations research (OR). Frontiers builds on more than 20 years of research to improve family planning service delivery programs. A major goal of Frontiers is to transfer skills in OR so that public and private agencies in developing countries can conduct OR and apply research findings to reproductive health programs and policies. OR addresses problems in operational effectiveness, access, quality, and efficiency by investigating facets of programs that managers can control and change. As concluded in this overview report, Frontiers seeks to institutionalize capacity building by increasing the number of service delivery organizations that use OR and increasing the number of research organizations capable of conducting and teaching OR. Investment in capacity building will ensure that OR will make a continuing, significant contribution to reproductive health and family planning programs and policies.
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