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1
Jayanti, Ashwin. "Instrumental Realisms and their Ontological Commitments." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 23, no. 1 (2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201951396.
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This paper shall concern itself with two variants of instrumental realism that have developed independently of each other and have made a mark on contemporary philosophies of science as well as of technology in their own respective ways. One is that of Don Ihde, the progenitor of the postphenomenological approach to technoscience, and the other that of Davis Baird, who emphasizes the epistemic centrality of instruments as bearers of knowledge in themselves. I shall juxtapose Ihde’s instrumental realism with the instrumental realism of Baird, both of whom emphasize the importance of experimentation and instrumentation to any comprehensive philosophy of science. Whereas Ihde wants to extend hermeneutics to science praxis, Baird wants to maintain an epistemological commitment to what he calls ‘thing knowledge.’ In comparing and contrasting these two variants of instrumental realism, I shall discern the implicit ontological and epistemological claims that underlie the two realisms in the background of scientific realism and critically evaluate their contributions to a more comprehensive understanding of science, technology, and the relation between the two.
2
Lin, Jih-Hsuan, and Wei Peng. "The Contributions of Perceived Graphic and Enactive Realism to Enjoyment and Engagement in Active Video Games." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2015070101.
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How perceived realism in a video game contributes to game enjoyment and engagement is a theoretically important and practically significant question. The conceptualization and operationalization of perceived realism in previous video game studies vary greatly, particularly regarding the dimensions of perceived graphic realism and perceived external realism. The authors argue that it is important to examine perceived enactive realism, particularly for interactive and participatory media such as video games. This study examines the contribution of two types of perceived realism—perceived graphic realism and perceived enactive realism—to enjoyment and engagement as manifested by the level of physical movement intensity in an active video game playing context. It was found that perceived enactive realism was a significant predictor of enjoyment and engagement in playing active video games. However, perceived graphic realism was not found to be a significant predictor of enjoyment or engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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DeKeseredy, Walter. "Special Edition: Left Realism Today - Guest Editor’s Introduction." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i3.346.
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Since its birth in the mid-1980s, as a major variant of critical criminology, Left Realism continues to ebb and flow. Furthermore, not all Left realist contributions are alike and some are subject to very heated debates. The fact remains, however, that Left Realism is ‘alive and well’. Of course, given that I devoted 26 years of my life (much of it with Martin D Schwartz) to the realist project, I could easily be accused of being biased. Nonetheless, some contemporary empirical support for my claim is the recent publication of Roger Matthews’ (2014) book Realist Criminology. The main objective of this volume is to use this offering as a ‘launching pad’ or ‘springboard’ for broader analyses of the relevance of Left Realism to critical criminology as we know it today. Matthews’ piece is the lead article. Following this are six others that, in part, address his monograph and that also point us to new directions in Left realist ways of knowing. In keeping with the spirit of the International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, the authors constitute an international cadre of progressive scholars, including me, Joseph Donnermeyer, Steve Hall, Russell Hogg, John Lea, Claire Renzetti, and Simon Winlow. It cannot be emphasized enough, though, that this special issue is not a ‘love-in’ and there is no ‘party line’ here. All of the authors have strong positions on topics of major concern to academics and activists seeking new ways of thinking critically about crime, law and social control.
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Kenealy, Daniel, and Konstantinos Kostagiannis. "Realist Visions of European Union: E.H. Carr and Integration." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 41, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829812464571.
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The past 15 years have seen an explosion of interest in the scholarship of E.H. Carr. As a founding figure of the realist approach to International Relations, as a philosopher of history and as a historian of the Soviet Union, Carr made important contributions. His work on the post-war political organisation of Europe has been somewhat neglected. While not going so far as to argue for the introduction of ‘another E.H. Carr’ – Carr the European integration theorist – this article argues that Carr’s specific brand of realism has much to say not only about the establishment, but also about the subsequent development, of the European Economic Community. Carr’s realism was, we argue, capable of understanding change in international society. This understanding was grounded in an appreciation of the role of power and morality in international politics and stands in sharp contrast to the emphasis on the structural factors that are prized by neorealists. While Carr’s vision of post-war Europe has not materialised in its entirety, it captures some of the crucial fault lines that animate the European project. Building a bridge between European integration studies and Carr’s realism will provide a fruitful avenue through which classical realism can once again begin to engage with developments in international politics.
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González-Rouco, J. F., H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, and M. B. Stevens. "Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling." Climate of the Past 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2009): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-97-2009.
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Abstract. Progress in understanding climate variability through the last millennium leans on simulation and reconstruction efforts. Exercises blending both approaches present a great potential for answering questions relevant both for the simulation and reconstruction of past climate, and depend on the specific peculiarities of proxies and methods involved in climate reconstructions, as well as on the realism and limitations of model simulations. This paper explores research specifically related to paleoclimate modeling and borehole climatology as a branch of climate reconstruction that has contributed significantly to our knowledge of the low frequency climate evolution during the last five centuries. The text flows around three main issues that group most of the interaction between model and geothermal efforts: the use of models as a validation tool for borehole climate reconstructions; comparison of geothermal information and model simulations as a means of either model validation or inference about past climate; and implications of the degree of realism on simulating subsurface climate on estimations of future climate change. The use of multi-centennial simulations as a surrogate reality for past climate suggests that within the simplified reality of climate models, methods and assumptions in borehole reconstructions deliver a consistent picture of past climate evolution at long time scales. Comparison of model simulations and borehole profiles indicate that borehole temperatures are responding to past external forcing and that more realism in the development of the soil model components in climate models is desirable. Such an improved degree of realism is important for the simulation of subsurface climate and air-ground interaction; results indicate it could also be crucial for simulating the adequate energy balance within climate change scenario experiments.
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González-Rouco, J. F., H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, and M. B. Stevens. "Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling." Climate of the Past Discussions 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2008): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-4-1-2008.
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Abstract. Progress in understanding climate variability through the last millennium leans on simulation and reconstruction efforts. Exercises blending both approaches present a great potential for answering questions relevant both for the simulation and reconstruction of past climate, and depend on the specific peculiarities of proxies and methods involved in climate reconstructions, as well as on the realism and limitations of model simulations. This paper explores research specifically related to paleoclimate modeling and borehole climatology as a branch of climate reconstruction that has contributed significantly to our knowledge of the low frequency climate evolution during the last five centuries. The text flows around three main issues that group most of the interaction between model and geothermal efforts: the use of models as a validation tool for borehole climate reconstructions; comparison of geothermal information and model simulations as a means of either model validation or inference about past climate; and implications of the degree of realism on simulating subsurface climate on estimations of future climate change. The use of multi-centennial simulations as a surrogate reality for past climate suggests that within the simplified reality of climate models, methods and assumptions in borehole reconstructions deliver a consistent picture of past climate evolution at long time scales. Comparison of model simulations and borehole profiles indicate that borehole temperatures are responding to past external forcing and that more realism in the development of the soil model components in climate models is desirable. Such an improved degree of realism is important for the simulation of subsurface climate and air-ground interaction; results indicate it could also be crucial for simulating the adequate energy balance within climate change scenario experiments.
7
Grillo, Carmen M. "Revisiting Fromm and Bourdieu: Contributions to habitus and realism." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 48, no. 4 (July 30, 2018): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12182.
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Pazwash, Hormoz, and Gus Mavrigian. "The Contributions of Karaji—Successor to al-Khwarizmi." Mathematics Teacher 79, no. 7 (October 1986): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.79.7.0538.
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It is enlightening to notice an increasing number of historical notes on the development of mathematics and to realize their pedagogical value in the classroom (Arndt 1983; Campbell 1977; Flusser 1981; Swetz 1984), Truly, mathematics without historical connotations loses its greatness and realism.
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Chrisman, James J. "Stewardship Theory: Realism, Relevance, and Family Firm Governance." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 43, no. 6 (April 12, 2019): 1051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258719838472.
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Stewardship theory is a popular alternative to agency theory for studying family firm governance. Despite its contributions to management and family business studies, stewardship theory’s assumptions limit its realism and relevance. Using agency theory as a standard of comparison, I discuss stewardship theory’s model of man and its assumptions concerning goal alignment and control systems. I also discuss stewardship theory’s lack of assumptions about bounded rationality and pre-employment situations since the neglect of those issues reduce its realism and relevance. Based on this discussion, I argue that to increase its realism and relevance, stewardship theory’s assumptions should be revised.
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Hall, Alice E., and Cheryl C. Bracken. "“I Really Liked That Movie”." Journal of Media Psychology 23, no. 2 (January 2011): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000036.
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The current study investigated the contributions of trait empathy and narrative transportation to audience members’ film enjoyment. Undergraduates (N = 199) evaluated two films they had seen recently and responded to items measuring different types of trait empathy, narrative transportation, film enjoyment, and perceived realism. Fantasy empathy, but not perspective taking, empathic concern, or personal distress, was found to be associated with narrative transportation. Transportation was found to be associated with enjoyment and perceived realism.
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Rietdijk, C. W. "Four-dimensional realism and understandable models: Contributions to the block universe issue." Physics Essays 23, no. 4 (December 2010): 554–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3481511.
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Peter, F. "Rhetoric vs realism in economic methodology: a critical assessment of recent contributions." Cambridge Journal of Economics 25, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/25.5.571.
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Larsen, Verner. "Socialrealisme – et nyt perspektiv på viden." Dansk Sociologi 28, no. 1 (February 5, 2017): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v28i1.5596.
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’Socialrealisme’ kendes bedst som en kunstnerisk udtryksform, men i denne artikel
introduceres ’socialrealisme’ som en nyere uddannelsessociologisk retning.
Teoretikere som Rob Moore, Karl Maton, Johan Muller, Michael. F.D.
Young og John Beck har været toneangivende i udviklingen af denne tænkning,
der tog sit afsæt i slutningen af 1990’erne, hvor en fælles bestræbelse
og et særligt fokus har været at sætte et nyt og forstærket perspektiv på viden.
Denne udviklingsretning benævnes i artiklen som social-realisme-skolen
(SRS). I formuleringen af en videnskabelig position har SRS forsøgt at overkomme,
hvad den kalder ’det epistemologiske dilemma’, hvilket vil sige at
bryde den falske dikotomi mellem positivistiske og relativistiske positioner.
SRS hævder, at især konstruktivistiske strømninger har ført til en relativisering
af vidensbegrebet, der har været med til at fortrænge viden som et selvstændigt
objekt i uddannelsessociologisk forskning.
I artiklen præsenteres realismetænkningens grundlæggende teoretiske forankringspunkter,
argumentationer og kritikker inden for det socialvidenskabelige
område. Herfra redegøres for, hvordan SRS som uddannelsessociologi har
udviklet og udfoldet tænkningen med særlig fokus på problematikker i vidensproduktion
og reproduktion i uddannelsesverdenen. De centrale problematikker,
som førende socialrealister inden for uddannelsesverdenen refererer til, såsom
’det epistemologiske dilemma’ og’ emergente egenskaber’, herunder struktur-
aktørforholdet, uddybes gennem inddragelse af teoretikere, som SRS læner
sig op ad, primært R. Bhaskar, J. Alexander, M. Archer og B. Bernstein. Gennem
to afsluttede curriculumstudier fra uddannelsesverdenen vises, hvordan analytiske
begreber grundet i SRS kan anvendes i curriculumforskningen til at fremanalysere
vidensstrukturer. Afslutningsvis diskuteres også kritik af socialrealismen
med henblik på at nuancere diskussionen og dermed indkredse, hvad der
generelt kan være socialrealismens nye bidrag i uddannelsesforskningen.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT
Verner Larsen: Social realism as a new perspective on knowledge
Social realism is a relatively new direction in educational sociology. Its mission
has been to establish a new focus on knowledge in educational research.
Social realism argues that perspectives such as constructivism have led to an
over-emphasis on the concepts of ‘learning’ and ‘competence’, which in turn
have obscured viewing knowledge as an independent object. According to social
realists, this emphasis on concepts of learning and competence has removed
focus from the development of theories and concepts of knowledge that
otherwise would have been able to differentiate ‘learning’ from ‘competence’.
This article presents the basic ideas of social realism, its theoretical roots, and
main arguments. In order to nuance the discussion, the article also includes
some criticism of social realism, thereby identifying the new contributions of
social realism to educational research. It also presents some analytical tools
developed on basis of social realism that can be used in educational sociology.
This is done by an analysis of curriculums from two Danish professional
educations.
Keywords: Social realism, Critical realism, educational sociology.
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Beardsworth, Richard, Hartmut Behr, and Timothy W. Luke. "The nuclear condition in the twenty-first century: Techno-political aspects in historical and contemporary perspectives." Journal of International Political Theory 15, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755088218796683.
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This Introduction presents the seven closely interlinked papers that explore the theme of this Special Issue, and one of the enduring existential questions for International Relations: the nuclear condition in the twenty-first century. The Special Issue is the second to come from two workshops sponsored by a UK Leverhulme grant, and it builds upon the first, more theoretical Special Issue, which brought Classical Realist and Critical Theory texts into dialogue. The major concern in the first Special Issue—the focus on modernity, crises, and humanity—is taken up here in more grounded practical terms, framed around the existential fears of nuclear annihilation. Each of the contributions re-assess the contemporary nuclear condition from within the theoretical frameworks provided by Classical Realism and Critical Theory. The engagement with both traditions allows the contributors to diagnose what is new, and what remains constant, in the contemporary nuclear condition.
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Scheiber, Harry N. "Taking Legal Realism Offshore: The Contributions of Joseph Walter Bingham to American Jurisprudence and to the Reform of Modern Ocean Law." Law and History Review 26, no. 3 (2008): 649–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000002601.
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A conscientious reading of the rich historical literature on the American Legal Realist movement would provide no suggestion that any of the academic writers and other commentators in that movement ever gave the slightest attention to international law.1 It is entirely understandable that the Realists should be remembered as having been concerned exclusively with the analysis and reform of domestic jurisprudence and legal process; for there was only one exception, in this regard, and this was the Stanford law professor Joseph Walter Bingham. Bingham (1878-1973) is a figure who has been almost entirely neglected by historians of legal thought.2 And yet he was one of the earliest American legal commentators to promote an iconoclastic, reformist approach to the common law and American constitutional law. His writings in the 1910s and 1920s, as will be discussed further here, were important early-day contributions to the development of what would become the central canon of Legal Realism. His uniqueness among the Realists rests in the fact that he would go on to play a prominent part in contending for a basic reform in international law during the decades that followed.
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Sørensen, Georg. "The Realist Case for Global Reform. By William E. Scheuerman. Malden, MA: Polity, 2011. 219p. $26.95." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 3 (September 2013): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271300203x.
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This is a book about the contributions of mid-twentieth-century classical realists, first and foremost E. H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. The argument is that the “realism” defended by these scholars is sadly misrepresented in mainstream textbooks. Textbook renditions of realism emphasize the pursuit of national interest and the importance of Realpolitik, deny morality any meaningful role in international politics, and confirm the primacy of the sovereign nation-state and the fragility of international institutions. Realists look to the balance of power as the major instrument in preserving peace, and they reject the idea that anarchy can be transformed as a result of globalization and interstate cooperation, even in advanced cases of the latter, such as the European Union.
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Jacob, Cecilia. "A Christian Response to Global Conflict: Realism and Reconciliation." International Journal of Public Theology 14, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341632.
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Abstract This article considers avenues for fruitful engagement between international relations and public theology in order to ask what an ethical Christian response to global conflict should entail. The process of mediating principles of biblical justice into a contemporary international context requires interpretation in a reality of territorial bounded states, with rules and norms governing international interactions that are unique to the present day. This article draws on two theologically oriented contributions to international relations, Christian realism and political reconciliation to probe the question as to how we conceptualise justice as a pursuit in international relations from a Christian worldview. It reflects on the contingencies of the present-day context of global conflict, and the implications for praxis from a public theology standpoint.
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Ali, A. Wahab. "Muhammad Yusof Ahmad: A Pioneer of Modern Malay Fiction." Malay Literature 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.25(1)no6.
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This is a study on Muhammad Yusof Ahmad, a pioneer in modern Malay fiction. To explore his contributions, this study focuses on his creative process, specifically in his writing of formal realism fictions such as his short stories and novelette. This study is approached via the writer’s biography and linking it to his era, and the systems of traditional and western education which shaped his creative abilities. His main works entitled “Percintaan Lady Brazil”, “Zaman Sari” and Mencari Isteri were selected as samples for analysis. This study reveals that Muhammad Yusof’s creativity is based on his own experiences in life. The structure of his stories can be traced back to the traditional literature of his culture, and elements of realism made their way in to his plot structure due to his exposure to western literature. His works were targeted at new generations, significantly Malay teachers. His works were early attempts of formal realism in the world of modern Malay literature. Keywords : Muhammad Yusof Ahmad, Malay literature, Malay fiction, Majalah Guru
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Calo, Ryan. "Privacy Law’s Indeterminacy." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 20, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2019-0001.
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Abstract Fools rush in. ALEXANDER POPE, AN ESSAY ON CRITICISM (London, 1711). The full quotation is, “For Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread.” Id. at 66. She who hesitates is lost. Adaptation of the line, “The woman that deliberates is lost.” JOSEPH ADDISON, CATO: A TRAGEDY, AND SELECTED ESSAYS 30 (2004). See also OLIVER WENDALL HOLMES, SR., THE AUTOCRAT AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE 29 (1858) (“The woman who ‘calculates’ is lost.”). American legal realism numbers among the most important theoretical contributions of legal academia to date. Given the movement’s influence, as well as the common centrality of certain key figures, it is surprising that privacy scholarship in the United States has paid next to no attention to the movement. This inattention is unfortunate for several reasons, including that privacy law furnishes rich examples of the indeterminacy thesis — a key concept of American legal realism — and because the interdisciplinary efforts of privacy scholars to explore extra-legal influences on privacy law arguably further the plot of legal realism itself.
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Laws, Jennifer. "Magic at the margins: towards a magical realist human geography." cultural geographies 24, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474016647367.
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The purpose of this article is to put forward the case for a magically realist human geography, drawing on geographical research into the lives and lifeworlds of people with long-term and disabling mental health difficulties. In the article, I move between extracts from my own ethnographic research with mental health service users and survivors and the equally unusual stories of the literary genre, magical realism, in which I find a framework for addressing what I understand as a narrative paucity in much of mainstream research writing about mental distress. The article reflects upon the strange and sometimes magical qualities of illness and recovery in the context of individuals living with severe and enduring mental health problems and how traditional constructions of ‘evidence’ variously exclude or overlook such experiences. The contributions of the article are both to explore how ‘magic’ might encapsulate certain aspects of living with mental distress and – developing ongoing discussions in the sub-discipline around geographies of enchantment, magic and spirituality – to consider how a magical realist framework for geographical research might do justice to the rich, marvellous and irreducible experiences of everyday life, which are often excluded from conventional evidence bases.
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Forcada, Miquel. "Saphaeae and Hayʾāt: The Debate between Instrumentalism and Realism in Al-Andalus." Medieval Encounters 23, no. 1-5 (September 22, 2017): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342248.
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Abstract The article explores several texts written in al-Andalus between the twelfth and the early fourteenth centuries that mention Ibn al-Zarqālluh (al-Zarqālī) or the “Toledan astronomers.” These texts, contained in the works of physicians and philosophers, express scholarly reactions to the contributions of the circle of astronomers of eleventh-century Toledo, sponsored by the judge Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī. The textual evidence reveals attitudes ranging from a somewhat naïve admiration to harsh criticism. The article deals with the idealised image of the Toledan circle, due to a great extent to the significance of their work but also to external factors such as the innovative instruments and devices that these astronomers made. The texts suggest that some of the contributions of the Toledan circle were debated during the twelfth century, and that the echoes of this debate were felt in the following centuries. The discussion centred on the instrumentalism of Toledan astronomy, which was criticised by scholars who discussed the compatibility of Ptolemy’s mathematical astronomy and Aristotle’s natural philosophy. The “revolt against Ptolemy” that characterises this debate is reconsidered in the light of both the texts under study and the findings of recent research.
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Ward, Steven. "The Revenge of the Humanities: Reality, Rhetoric, and the Politics of Postmodernism." Sociological Perspectives 38, no. 2 (June 1995): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389286.
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The debate between scientific realists and postmodern relativists has been generally treated as a philosophical disagreement over the status of epistemology. Here, however, I use material from Bourdieuian social theory and science and technology studies to illustrate how both scientific realism and postmodern deconstructionism can be seen as political and organizational strategies used in the historical and ongoing struggle between scientific and literary fields and camps. I argue that just as scientific realism and experimentalism were used to dismiss the knowledge contributions of literary fields and to relegate them to secondary status in the seventeenth century, postmodern deconstructionism and its turn to rhetoric and textualism is now being employed as a strategy to counter the political and intellectual dominance gained by the sciences over the last few centuries.
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Schmidtz, David. "A REALISTIC POLITICAL IDEAL." Social Philosophy and Policy 33, no. 1-2 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052516000406.
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Abstract:Over the past decade, political philosophers and political theorists have had a common purpose: to reflect on the merits of realism and idealism when theorizing about the human condition and the nature of justice. We have settled that no one is against being realistic or against being idealistic per se. The contributions to this volume represent a conversation about what would make one attempt to articulate ideals better than another.
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Noble, Denis. "Kathy Wilkes, Teleology, and the Explanation of Behaviour." Croatian journal of philosophy 22, no. 66 (December 27, 2022): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52685/cjp.22.66.3.
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Kathy Wilkes contributed to two books on Goal-directed Behaviour and Modelling the Mind based on interdisciplinary graduate classes at Oxford during the 1980s. In this article, I assess her contributions to those discussions. She championed the school of philosophers who prefer problem dissolution to problem-solution. She also addressed the problem of realism in psychology. But the contribution that has turned out to be most relevant to subsequent work was her idea that in modelling the mind, we might need to “use as structural elements synthetic cells, or things that behaved very like neurones.” I show how this idea has been developed in my own recent work with zoologist and neuroscientist, Raymond Noble, to become a possible physiological basis for the ability of organisms to choose between alternative actions, and so become active agents. I consider that this insight became her seminal contribution in this field.
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Vincent, Steve, and Victoria Pagan. "Entrepreneurial agency and field relations: A Realist Bourdieusian Analysis." Human Relations 72, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 188–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718767952.
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This article addresses the problem of understanding and assessing how entrepreneurial and self-employed workers engage with economic fields as they pursue their interests. It considers the differing experiences of entrepreneurial workers by developing a transferable approach to studying the relations between their environments, practices and values. The approach developed combines Bourdieusian and critical realist scholarship to explore qualitative data about the networking practices of 25 self-employed and entrepreneurial human resource consultants who competed in a conurbation in the North of England. We argue that the form of analysis that develops, which we call Realist Bourdieusian Analysis, reveals more about the causal properties of the social formations entrepreneurial workers navigate than analyses that are limited within each lexicon. Arguably, combining Bourdieusian analysis and critical realism enriches our understanding of the constituent parts of economic fields, the resources entrepreneurial workers access through them, and agents’ relations, experiences and reflexive struggles. This novel approach, we argue, facilitates deeper appreciation of these workers’ experiences and more insightful critique of existing supports to entrepreneurship, as well as the possibility of prescribing policy supports that might enable workers within the field studied. The analysis concludes by highlighting the practical, theoretical and methodological contributions of this research.
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Quaresma Júnior, Edson Antunes. "A realistic approach to strategic thinking and acting." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 14, no. 1 (March 2016): 182–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395131549.
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Abstract Coming from a split between thinking and acting, the trend of strategy as a practice seeks to connect micro/macro dimensions and link structure to agency. Due to this issue, it is argued that the trend may receive contributions from critical realism. Thus, this theoretical essay aims to establish a relation between thinking and acting in the field of research on strategy, by means of critical realism. Analyzing the reasons to separate schools, the first finding of this study was clarifying the use of discursive strategies in the field, obvious due to prioritization of moments when concepts of thinking and acting are used by each school. Moreover, a solenoid model was proposed, with cyclical connections among practice, practitioner, and praxis. However, besides the proposal, the strategy field may advance through a detailed view of structures/practices and agency/praxis, since the model has, at its core, the practitioner.
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Idagu, Adie Edward, Nwokedi Lawretta Obiageli, and Mahwash Benedict Luka. "Nigeria And Conflict Resolution in Mali: A Focus on Specific Contributions." International Journal of Conflict Management 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.419.
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Purpose: This study focuses on the conflict in Mali and the specific contributions of Nigeria towards its resolution. It draws its data from the secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, articles, and the likes from the University of Abuja library, Abuja, the researchers’ libraries as well as the internet.Methodology: The study employs a qualitative method based on content analysis in analyzing the data collected. Also, the study adopts the theory of realism as a framework to provide explanation for Nigeria’s engagement in the conflict.Results: From the findings, it is cleared that Nigeria contributed significantly to the resolution of the Malian impasse, being the leader of the continent where Mali is located and having a clear foreign policy principle that promotes Africa centeredness. And more importantly, as a way to ensure her own survival since the dreaded Boko Haram set was reported to have established link with the terrorist group in Mali.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Thus, some of these contributions were statement of condemnation, cash donation, personnel contribution and the initiation of peacekeeping mission among others. Some recommendations have also been made in the paper. Accordingly, Countries within the sub-region of West Africa should cooperate with and support Nigeria when necessary to chart a new course that will guarantee durable peace and stability in Mali; The Malian government and the rebel groups should always embrace dialogue as a way out of their conflict rather than resorting to violence; The Malian authority on its own acknowledged Nigeria’s crucial contribution towards the stability of Mali. This should be commended as the gesture will go a long way towards encouraging Nigeria to do more for others.
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O’Hara, P. A. "Advancing Kondratiev Wave Complexity through Bunge’s Emergence, Braudel’s History, Veblen’s Institutions and Polanyi’s Double Movement." AlterEconomics 19, no. 1 (2022): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2022.19-1.4.
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Kondratiev has rightly been called the father of long wave analysis for his empirical and theoretical contributions to conjunctural analysis. Although many other economists of the former Russian Empire made contributions to the field, for decades, long wave studies remained in the background of scholarly inquiry until the capitalist crises in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, long waves re-emerged as an exciting field of inquiry,leading to a better understanding of the dynamics of capitalism. This paper seeks to contribute to long wave research by applying some core principles of scientific realism, complexity and emergence to the analysis. In the first section,temporal, vertical and horizontal dimensions of complexity and emergence are scrutinised, following the realist scientific philosophy of Mario Bunge. The second section deals with the work of Fernand Braudel, who situated conjunctures (Kondratiev waves) and phases of evolution between events and long-term structures (the Longue Durée). The third section discusses Thorstein Veblen’s culture-institutions-habits-individuals (CIHI) nexus and Karl Polanyi’s concept of the double movement within the context of the long waves and Braudel’s work. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the realistic vertical, horizontal and temporal emergence of Kondratiev waves of capitalism from the 1790s to the 2020s. Thus, these findings can be useful for further studies in this field, making waves more historically and institutionally relevant to understanding the world and its development.
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Hooks, Gregory, Michael Lengefeld, and Chad L. Smith. "Recasting the Treadmills of Production and Destruction." Sociology of Development 7, no. 1 (2021): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2021.7.1.52.
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We revisit and recast two prominent theories of environmental degradation: the treadmill of production and the treadmill of destruction. This recasting is guided by critical realism, focused on theorizing generative mechanisms that produce and shape empirical events. Our theorization is informed by Marxist and Weberian insights into environmental sociology contributions. In this critical realist recasting, the treadmill of production and the treadmill of destruction are conceived of as generative mechanisms. A treadmill refers to a process in which powerful organizations appropriate nature to amass power and capital. These organizations degrade the environment, and they suppress and distort information about the environmental damage they cause. The macrosocial context, the organizations at the center of them, and the elites that command these organizations make these treadmills distinct. A treadmill spans the biophysical and the social/cultural realms. Whereas the biophysical is necessary for the social/cultural realm to exist, it exists independent of human knowledge of this realm. As such, historical contingency and social change are at the center of analysis when studying the waxing, waning, transformation, and demise of treadmills. Adopting a critical realist stance, future theorization and research can and should engage a wide range of theories advanced in environmental sociology. The goal is not to establish the single best unitary theory, but to identify and gain insight into the generative mechanisms that shape and constrain human interactions with the environment.
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Ali, Omran. "Conflict and Cooperation in International Relations: Theoretical Contributions of the Debate between New Realism and Neoliberalism." Humanities Journal of University of Zakho 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2020.8.4.653.
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This paper deals with the debate between neo-realism and neo-liberalism within the field of international relations and highlights the most important propositions of the two theories, especially regarding their views on the structure of international relations and whether it is characterized by anarchy and conflict or cooperation. The study of conflict and cooperation in international relations has been one of the main tasks of research and analysis for theorists and researchers of international relations, and this conflict-cooperation nexus has become the main issue in the debate between the two prevailing theories in international relations. Neorealism and neoliberalism are the most influential theories on international relations, and the debate between them has considered one of the most important one in the field of international relations. This research seeks to clarify and explain the theoretical contributions of each of the two theories regarding conflict and cooperation in international relations, and the extent to which neoliberal assumptions, especially with regard to the role of international institutions in increasing international cooperation, has contributed to reducing the dominance of the realistic vision in international relations, especially with regard to conflict and anarchy. It argues that the debate between neorealism and neoliberalism did not significantly contribute to developing the theory of international relations, as this debate did not contribute significantly to reducing the dominance of power politics in international relations and solving the international problems resulting from it.
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Acharya, Amitav. "From Heaven to Earth: ‘Cultural Idealism’ and ‘Moral Realism’ as Chinese Contributions to Global International Relations." Chinese Journal of International Politics 12, no. 4 (2019): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz014.
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Abstract The discipline of International Relations (IR) is increasingly being criticized for ignoring and marginalizing states and societies outside of the core countries of the West. The idea of a ‘Global IR’ has been proposed since 2014 a pathway toward a bridging the ‘West and the Rest’ divide and thus develop a more inclusive discipline, recognizing its multiple and diverse foundations. At the same time, there is a trend toward developing theories, or ‘schools’, on a national or regional basis, the leading examples of which come from China. This article examines some theoretical constructs emerging in China, such as the ‘Relational Theory’ of Qin Yaqing, who is the foundational scholar in the ‘Chinese School of IR’, the Tianxia (‘all under Heaven’) concept as applied to IR and world order by Zhao Tingyang, and ‘Moral Realism’ of Yan Xuetong, who is the leading figure of the ‘Tsinghua School’. To many scholars, both inside and outside China, the relationship among the various Chinese approaches and their overall contribution to the IR field remain unclear. Without claiming to capture all their nuances and complexity, this article hopes to stimulate a conversation among scholars, Chinese and foreign, with a view to generate greater clarity and highlight their importance to the study of IR. I argue that while making important contributions, the Chinese approaches to International Relations Theory (IRT) also face a number of challenges. This includes the need for them to offer more convincing proof that the concepts and explanations they propose can apply to other societies and to IR more generally. Moreover, there is the need for these approaches to attract a critical mass of followers worldwide, stimulate a research agenda for other, especially younger scholars, and distance themselves from the official Chinese policy framings. The Global IR approach offers a helpful framework for highlighting and perhaps addressing these challenges, especially in avoiding cultural exceptionalism and ensuring their wider relevance beyond China.
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Brennan, Grace M., and Arielle R. Baskin-Sommers. "Aggressive Realism: More Efficient Processing of Anger in Physically Aggressive Individuals." Psychological Science 31, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 568–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620904157.
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Physically aggressive individuals’ heightened tendency to decide that ambiguous faces are angry is thought to contribute to their destructive interpersonal behavior. Although this tendency is commonly attributed to bias, other cognitive processes could account for the emotion-identification patterns observed in physical aggression. Diffusion modeling is a valuable tool for parsing the contributions of several cognitive processes known to influence decision-making, including bias, drift rate (efficiency of information accumulation), and threshold separation (extent of information accumulation). In a sample of 90 incarcerated men, we applied diffusion modeling to an emotion-identification task. Physical aggression was positively associated with drift rate (i.e., more efficient information accumulation) for anger, and drift rate mediated the association between physical aggression and heightened anger identification. Physical aggression was not, however, associated with bias or threshold separation. These findings implicate processing efficiency for anger-related information as a potential mechanism driving aberrant emotion identification in physical aggression.
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Schulz, Cynthia. "Between surrealism and politics: An exploration of subversive body arts in 1980s East German underground cinema." Punk & Post-Punk 00, no. 00 (July 9, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00104_1.
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This article discusses the underground cinema of the German Democratic Republic during the 1980s in regard to its contributions to the arts and the avant-garde. While scholars including Claus Löser and Katrin Frietzsche have contributed greatly to the remembrance of the East German underground cinema, its influences have been disregarded by film studies, not least within the anglophone field. As a result, little to no research has been conducted regarding its contributions to the avant-garde or through the scope of other art movements as the political aspect continues to be emphasized. This article draws upon multiple art developments such as dada, surrealism, performance and body art as well as Eastern European-specific movements. Therefore, it evaluates how the East German underground interprets those influences and further contributes to them. Significant works by Cornelia Schleime, Gabriele Stötzer, Thomas Frydetzki and Tohm di Roes are subject to analyses to reveal anarchist feminist tendencies and surrealism with anarchist aspects. It concludes that the East German underground must be seen as a contribution to the less-researched necrorealism as an art movement paralleling the constitutional socialist realism. As such, political implications cannot be subtracted altogether but shall rather be viewed alongside the emergence of anarchist surrealism during the Cold War.
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Editors. "The Lisbon Treaty: The Irish ‘No’." European Constitutional Law Review 4, no. 3 (October 2008): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019608004203.
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The Editorial Board has discussed whether it is appropriate to give attention to the Treaty of Lisbon, in view of the uncertainty of its entry into force. We understand that some legal journals are refraining from discussing it until it has become law or at least until the Irish have cleared the way. (…) we hereby present three contributions about that issue:– Europe's New Realism: The Treaty of LisbonHans-Jürgen Papier– National Parliaments and the Principle of Subsidiarity – Legal Options and Practical LimitsJean-Victor Louis– National parliaments and subidiarity: An outsider's viewGeorge A. Bermann
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Jerald, Morgan C., L. Monique Ward, Lolita Moss, Khia Thomas, and Kyla D. Fletcher. "Subordinates, Sex Objects, or Sapphires? Investigating Contributions of Media Use to Black Students’ Femininity Ideologies and Stereotypes About Black Women." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 6 (August 26, 2016): 608–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416665967.
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Although the media are believed to be instrumental in transmitting messages about both traditional femininity and Black femininity to Black youth, there is little empirical evidence documenting this process. Accordingly, this study investigated media contributions to Black college students’ endorsement of both traditional gender ideologies and of the Jezebel, Sapphire, and Strong Black woman stereotypes about Black women. The protective nature of ethnic identity was also examined. Participants ( N = 404) completed measures assessing media consumption and involvement, endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women, and ethnic identity. Regression analyses revealed support for our hypotheses, with consumption of music videos, movies, and perceived realism contributing most strongly to students’ endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women. However, students with a strong sense of ethnic belonging were buffered from many of the negative influences of media use on these gender beliefs. The findings highlight the importance of considering culture-specific ideologies when examining links between Black students’ media use and gender beliefs.
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Andrew, Margaret E., Michael A. Wulder, and Trisalyn A. Nelson. "Potential contributions of remote sensing to ecosystem service assessments." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 38, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 328–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314528942.
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Ecological and conservation research has provided a strong scientific underpinning to the modeling of ecosystem services (ESs) over space and time, by identifying the ecological processes and components of biodiversity (ecosystem service providers, functional traits) that drive ES supply. Despite this knowledge, efforts to map the distribution of ESs often rely on simple spatial surrogates that provide incomplete and non-mechanistic representations of the biophysical variables they are intended to proxy. However, alternative data sets are available that allow for more direct, spatially nuanced inputs to ES mapping efforts. Many spatially explicit, quantitative estimates of biophysical parameters are currently supported by remote sensing, with great relevance to ES mapping. Additional parameters that are not amenable to direct detection by remote sensing may be indirectly modeled with spatial environmental data layers. We review the capabilities of modern remote sensing for describing biodiversity, plant traits, vegetation condition, ecological processes, soil properties, and hydrological variables and highlight how these products may contribute to ES assessments. Because these products often provide more direct estimates of the ecological properties controlling ESs than the spatial proxies currently in use, they can support greater mechanistic realism in models of ESs. By drawing on the increasing range of remote sensing instruments and measurements, data sets appropriate to the estimation of a given ES can be selected or developed. In so doing, we anticipate rapid progress to the spatial characterization of ecosystem services, in turn supporting ecological conservation, management, and integrated land use planning.
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Covaleski, Mark A. "Critical Realism in Management Accounting Research: The Relevance of the Work of John R. Commons." Journal of Management Accounting Research 32, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-19-074.
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ABSTRACT This paper re-affirms Professor Modell's argument as to the importance and potential contributions of viewing economic relationships as intricately tied with social concerns. As such it is fruitful for management accounting researchers to conceive of such notions as economic agency and rationality as being socially constructed phenomena. Here I draw heavily from the work of early institutional economists such as John R. Commons who was among the earliest to recognize the importance of working rules around transactions such as accounting in social decision making and resource allocation.
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Kaplan, Randy Barbara. "Planting the Seeds of Theatrical Realism in China: Tian Han's Contributions to Modern Chinese Drama, 1920-1929." World Literature Today 62, no. 1 (1988): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40144010.
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Varela, Jose Miguel, and C. Guedes Soares. "Geometry and visual realism of ship models for digital ship bridge simulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 231, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090216642470.
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This article addresses the main requirements and the process of creating the geometry of ship models that fulfil the highly demanding request for realism and performance of the virtual environments currently used in modern ship bridge simulators. It starts with a classification of the ships based on their role in the simulation and on the type of simulator used, and defines the main characteristics of the models. It also discusses the importance of a well-defined workflow and its impact on the modelling time and on the quality of the final product. The article provides contributions in the following areas: identification of the main requirements of polygonal models of ships for ship simulators; effective workflow for ship three-dimensional modelling and identification of most suitable modelling techniques for efficient creation of ship models. The study is supported by real examples of three-dimensional modelling of ships with different sizes and characteristics currently used by the ship manoeuvring simulator in the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering of the University of Lisbon.
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Hollin, Gregory, Isla Forsyth, Eva Giraud, and Tracey Potts. "(Dis)entangling Barad: Materialisms and ethics." Social Studies of Science 47, no. 6 (September 15, 2017): 918–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312717728344.
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In the wake of the widespread uptake of and debate surrounding the work of Karen Barad, this article revisits her core conceptual contributions. We offer descriptions, elaborations, problematizations and provocations for those intrigued by or invested in this body of work. We examine Barad’s use of quantum physics, which underpins her conception of the material world. We discuss the political strengths of this position but also note tensions associated with applying quantum physics to phenomena at macro-scales. We identify both frictions and unacknowledged affinities with science and technology studies in Barad’s critique of reflexivity and her concept of diffraction. We flesh out Barad’s overarching position of ‘agential realism’, which contains a revised understanding of scientific apparatuses. Building upon these discussions, we argue that inherent in agential realism is both an ethics of inclusion and an ethics of exclusion. Existing research has, however, frequently emphasized entanglement and inclusion to the detriment of foreclosure and exclusion. Nonetheless, we contend that it is in the potential for an ethics of exclusion that Barad’s work could be of greatest utility within science and technology studies and beyond.
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Ranki, Andras. "Theories on socialist realism and socialist music culture in the 1960s in Hungary." Muzikologija, no. 26 (2019): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1926125r.
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In the 1960s, the quantity of publications on aesthetics of music significantly increased in Hungary. The variability of the subjects, the approaches and the opinions are result of an explicit ideological reordering based on the consequently articulated politics of anti-Stalinism. By the mid-sixties the economic founding and sustainability of socialism and its optimized operation became the crucial problem for the power, hence the importance of natural and social sciences increased in the public discourses. The arts were no longer treated as mere illustrations of the political power and its intentions. I focus on the main contributions to aesthetics of music of the so-called creative Marxism written by three internationally acknowledged Hungarian scholars of this period: Jozsef Ujfalussy, Denes Zoltai and Janos Marothy. Selected texts are analized from theoretical points of view and interpreted in the context of the Hungarian cultural policy and the national and international career of their authors as well.
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Wilkins, Thomas S. "American Grand Strategy in the Indo Pacific: Plus ça change?" Pacific Affairs 92, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 741–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2019924741.
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In an era of heightened great power competition, debates about American grand strategy in the Indo-Pacific region have returned to the fore. This review essay looks at three recent volumes that directly address such debates. After introducing the concept of grand strategy, Part I reviews each of the books individually in sequence, outlining their scope, contents, and contributions. Part II then integrates the contributions of each of the volumes into a broader discussion relating to four pertinent issues: American perspectives on "Asia"; international relations (IR) theory; American strategic culture; and the rise of China, before concluding. The books under review are to differing degrees orientated toward one of the core IR theory paradigms: realism (Green), liberalism (Campbell), and constructivism/ critical approaches (Kang). As such, read together, they contribute to a multi-faceted theoretical understanding of US grand strategy in the Indo Pacific that will be of significant value to both scholars and practitioners.
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Almekinders, Conny J. M., Kai Mausch, and Jason Donovan. "Editorial introduction: Design issues and practical questions for demand-oriented seed systems." Outlook on Agriculture 50, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00307270211060361.
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This special issue is a collection of papers that brings together different views on and experiences with seed systems and reflects the breadth of perspectives within CGIAR and beyond. The contributions relate to the major challenges facing seed systems research and development in different contexts and for different crops. One point of agreement among these articles is the need for the development of varieties and the delivery of seeds to be more demand-orientated. This introduction reflects on the implications for CGIAR and affiliated breeding programmes which aim to accelerate varietal uptake and turnover and rely on more effective seed delivery. Here, we outline how the various contributions in this special issue relate to this agenda. We conclude that realism about which farming households can be served by current approaches to seed system development is needed and argue that a wider range of partnerships will be required to broaden the reach of seed systems.
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Fauzi, Nabil Ahmad. "Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia dan Malaysia Terhadap China di Era Perang Dingin." Insignia Journal of International Relations 1, no. 01 (October 16, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2014.1.01.426.
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Since the proclamation on the 1st October 1949, the People's Republic of China has gained an important role in international relations after World War II. The success of communism conquered China, has changed the dynamics of competition between the United States and the Soviet Union that lead the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The situation has forced the newly independent states in this era, like Indonesia and Malaysia, to determine their position. In addition to facing the same international politics pressures, the two countries also have relations in the domestic issues related to China, namely the existence of the local Communist Party and ethnic of "Chinese overseas". The external and domestic factors that ultimately affect the choice of the countries' foreign policy towards China. This article attempts to identify and explore the factors that influence the similarities and differences in Indonesia and Malaysia foreign policy towards China using the approach threat perception, leader perception and domestic legitimacy within the framework of neo-classical realism. This article is expected to provide scientific contributions to understanding the comparison of Indonesia and Malaysia foreign policy towards China.
Keywords: Indonesia and Malaysia foreign policy, the existence of China, Cold War era, threatperception, leader perception, domestic legitimacy, neo-classical realism
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Bennett, Andrew. "The mother of all isms: Causal mechanisms and structured pluralism in International Relations theory." European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066113495484.
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Theorizing under the rubric of paradigmatic ‘isms’ has made important conceptual contributions to International Relations, but the organization of the subfield around these isms is based on flawed readings of the philosophy of science and has run its course. A promising alternative is to build on the philosophical foundation of scientific realism and orient International Relations theorizing around the idea of explanation via reference to hypothesized causal mechanisms. Yet in order to transform the practice of International Relations theorizing and research, calls for ‘analytic eclecticism’ must not only demonstrate that scientific realism is a defensible epistemology amenable to diverse methods; they must provide a structured and memorable framework for diverse and cumulative theorizing and research, field-wide discourse, and compelling pedagogy. I Introduce a ‘taxonomy of theories about causal mechanisms’ as a structured pluralist framework for encompassing the theories about mechanisms of power, institutions, and legitimacy that have been providing the explanatory content of the isms all along. This framework encourages middle-range or typological theorizing about combinations of causal mechanisms and their operation in recurrent contexts, and it offers a means of reinvigorating the dialogue between International Relations, the other subfields of political science, and the rest of the social sciences.
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Allen, David K., Andrew Brown, Stan Karanasios, and Alistair Norman. "How Should Technology-Mediated Organizational Change Be Explained? A Comparison of the Contributions of Critical Realism and Activity Theory." MIS Quarterly 37, no. 3 (March 3, 2013): 835–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2013/37.3.08.
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Sylvest, Casper. "Realism and international law: the challenge of John H. Herz." International Theory 2, no. 3 (November 2010): 410–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971910000242.
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The proliferation, globalization, and fragmentation of law in world politics have fostered an attempt to re-integrate International Law (IL) and International Relations (IR) scholarship, but so far the contribution of realist theory to this interdisciplinary perspective has been meagre. Combining intellectual history, the jurisprudence of IL and IR theory, this article provides an analysis of John H. Herz’s classical realism and its perspective on international law. In retrieving this vision, the article emphasizes the political and intellectual context from which Herz’s realism developed: the study of public law in Germany during the interwar period and in particular the contribution of Hans Kelsen and the pure theory of law to the study of international law. Herz was deeply inspired by Kelsen but he criticized the pure theory for ignoring the sociological foundations of law. Following his emigration to the United States, Herz embraced realism but without disregarding international law. Indeed, his mature, globally oriented realism offers a balanced, fruitful perspective for thinking about the relationship between politics and law that is deeply relevant for contemporary theory: it challenges modern, law-blind variants of realism and holds considerable potential for contributing to the approaches that have most successfully studied the law–politics nexus.
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Patel, Smruti K., William T. Couldwell, and James K. Liu. "Max Brödel: his art, legacy, and contributions to neurosurgery through medical illustration." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 1 (July 2011): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.1.jns101094.
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Max Brödel is considered the father of modern medical illustration. This report reviews his contributions to neurosurgery as a medical illustrator. Max Brödel, a young artist from Leipzig, Germany, was hired at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1894, where he illustrated an operative textbook of gynecology for Howard A. Kelly. Although Brödel did not have any formal medical training, he quickly acquired knowledge of anatomy, pathology, physiology, and surgery. Brödel's extraordinary illustrations were characterized by an aerial perspective that conveyed the surgeon's operative viewpoint and precise surgical anatomy. He masterfully incorporated tissue realism with cross-sectional anatomy to accentuate concepts while maintaining topographical accuracy. Brödel's reputation spread quickly and resulted in collaborations with prominent surgeons, such as Cushing, Halsted, and Dandy. Cushing, who also possessed artistic talent, became a pupil of Brödel and remained a very close friend. In 1911, Brödel was appointed the director of the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine at Johns Hopkins, the first academic department of its kind in the world. For the next several decades, he trained generations of renowned medical illustrators. Just as Osler, Halsted, and Cushing passed their skills and knowledge to future leaders of medicine and surgery, Brödel did the same for the field of medical illustration. The advancement of neurosurgical education has been greatly facilitated by Max Brödel's artistic contributions. His unique ability to synthesize art and medicine resulted in timeless illustrations that remain indispensable to surgeons. The art produced by his legacy of illustrators continues to flourish in neurosurgical literature today.
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Heydarian, Richard Javad. "Revenge of Geopolitics: Rise of China and the Confines of Asian Econophoria." International Studies Review 17, no. 1 (October 19, 2016): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01701009.
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The paper examines the evolution of the Asian regional security architecture in the past three decades, evaluating relations between China and its neighbors, and considering various approaches in International Relations theory. First, the paper examines the assumptions of liberal institutionalism in the context of “econophoria,” assessing its merits in East Asia. Second, the paper addresses China and its relations with the East Asian neighborhood in the latter decades of the 20th century. Third, the paper examines growing territorial tensions between China and its neighbors in the past decade -- and how this undermines regional security and regional integration. Lastly, the paper evaluates the contributions of alternative IR theories such as realism and constructivism in providing a better understanding of China’s new assertiveness.
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Wagensveld, Koos, and Jasper Jolink. "Performative research: A Baradian framework." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 92, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.92.23787.
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This paper stresses the importance of materiality in accounting and organization studies. Accounting and organization studies have overlooked the ways in which accounting and organizing is bound up with the material forms and spaces through which humans act and interact. To incorporate the materiality concept in accounting and organization research, an agential realism research approach is proposed in this paper (Barad 2007). The paper concludes that agential realism can at least make three contributions to the literature. First, Baradian studies can contribute by illustrating the importance of material relations in the constitution of accounting and management practices. By interrogating the rich variety of materialities involved in the practices of measurement or making of innovation, Baradian studies expand the methodological choices available to practice-theoretic accounts of accounting or innovation work. It is the entanglement of many types of matter that perform and affect (sometimes in a disruptive way) the making of accounting measures or innovation. Second, Baradian studies can contribute by reframing the causal relations from which accounting measurements and innovations are made. Baradian studies can illustrate the intra-dependencies that exist between the things represented and constituted, and the representations made. Finally, Baradian studies can contribute by illustrating the ways in which properties of abstract concepts and ideals (e.g. liabilities, innovation) are the consequence, not of human-based practice, but of socio-material re-configurings.