Academic literature on the topic 'Contrefactuels (Logique)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contrefactuels (Logique)"
Borst, Grégoire. "Cerveau, raison, émotion et apprentissage chez l’enfant et l’adolescent." Diversité 195, no. 1 (2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.2019.4781.
Full textHarvey, Frank P. "President Al Gore and the 2003 Iraq War: A Counterfactual Test of Conventional “W”isdom." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000904.
Full textCALIANDRO, Stefania. "Fake Art, entre le contrefait et le contrefactuel." Images, mensonges et algorithmes. La sémiotique au défi du Deep Fake 11, no. 2 (July 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.4889.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Contrefactuels (Logique)"
Hill, Brian. "Jouer avec le faux : recherches sur les processus mentaux à l'oeuvre dans la lecture des textes de fiction." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108765.
Full textFerrario, Roberta. "Le raisonnement contrefactuel : un modèle et son application au raisonnement pratique." Strasbourg 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20075.
Full textKennedy, Neil. "La manière d'une modalité : une analyse logique et philosophique de la modalité d'ordre supérieur." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010736.
Full textRougeaux, Marie. "Optimisation des méthodes de créativité utilisateurs : le contrefactuel comme approche psycho-ergonomique de la pensée innovante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080062.
Full textCreativity has a core function in design. Creativity is even more important in the perspective of a participatory design, «co-design», when it comes from future users as it leads to useful innovation. By focusing on users’ creativity in the co-conception processes in terms of the optimization, this thesis is part of a psycho-ergonomic approach to innovation with the objective of studying the possibility of fostering creativity among users. Our proposal is that it is possible to improve users' innovative thinking in quantity (number of proposals) as well as in quality (degree of originality of the proposals) by using a counterfactual-based method for participant-user queries.Based on a model of counterfactual contribution to creativity and innovation, our general assumption is that (i) functional fixity is a major cognitive obstacle in tasks requiring creativity and (ii) functional fixity may be counteracted by the use of counterfactual reasoning. Thus, from rules such as "if [OBJETi] then [for ACTIONi]" - (for instance "if Matchbox then to ignite"), functional fixity would be thwarted by asking participants to consider the following counterfactual " If [OBJETi] and [NOT for ACTIONi] then [for what OTHER ACTIONS] (for instance " if Matchbox and not to ignite; Then for what else? "). By applying this guideline, more creative ideas should emerge than in usual tasks of producing innovative ideas.The thesis is reporting a serie of six studies, with the participation of adult and child end-users embedded in creative co-design situations, ranging from conceptual (designing functional and procedural properties on future objects) to the most practical (the making of a prototype). The first two studies show the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the technique of semi-directed research interviewing (sections 1.1 and 1.2) when counterfactual items are integrated into it. The second and third studies evaluate the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the Focus Group technique (sections 2.1 and 2.2) with counterfactual items included in the questions list. The fourth and fifth studies analyze the contribution of counterfactual thinking to Brainstorming (sections 3.1 and 3.2) by integrating counterfactual contexts during brainstorming and brainwriting sessions.In summary, the thesis works show that the use of counterfactual reasoning in tasks of creativity reduces the functional fixity relative to a category by optimizing the production of creative ideas coming from other categories
G'Sell, Florence. "Recherches sur la notion de causalité." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010334.
Full textCausation in the law has two main aspects: on the one hand, causation is an explanation of the facts of the case. On the other hand, causation is an ascription of responsibility. Both meanings must be taken into account in the law of torts. As an explanation, causation is a matter of fact. Therefore, scientific perspectives may be useful for the construction of the real notion of causation. Causation, as a scientific principle, is linked to the "covering law model of causation" which leads in tort law, may also be considered as a scientific account of causation. Another way of analysing causation as an explanation is to scrutinize the common sense notion of causation, in order to discover the central concept of cause. This is the perspective chosen by Hart and Honoré. In any of these theories, though, but for causation, of causation sine qua non, appears to be fundamental. As an ascription, causation is a matter of aw. A causal linkage must be estabilisched in order to determine both the principle of responsibility and the scope of legal liability. Therefore, a "legal cause" is a but for cause which may be considered as a cause for the law. Both aspects of causation must be taken into account by judges. They must consider both facts and policy considerations in order to decide whether a but for cause is a legal cause [Author's summary]
Rougeaux, Marie. "Optimisation des méthodes de créativité utilisateurs : le contrefactuel comme approche psycho-ergonomique de la pensée innovante." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080062.
Full textCreativity has a core function in design. Creativity is even more important in the perspective of a participatory design, «co-design», when it comes from future users as it leads to useful innovation. By focusing on users’ creativity in the co-conception processes in terms of the optimization, this thesis is part of a psycho-ergonomic approach to innovation with the objective of studying the possibility of fostering creativity among users. Our proposal is that it is possible to improve users' innovative thinking in quantity (number of proposals) as well as in quality (degree of originality of the proposals) by using a counterfactual-based method for participant-user queries.Based on a model of counterfactual contribution to creativity and innovation, our general assumption is that (i) functional fixity is a major cognitive obstacle in tasks requiring creativity and (ii) functional fixity may be counteracted by the use of counterfactual reasoning. Thus, from rules such as "if [OBJETi] then [for ACTIONi]" - (for instance "if Matchbox then to ignite"), functional fixity would be thwarted by asking participants to consider the following counterfactual " If [OBJETi] and [NOT for ACTIONi] then [for what OTHER ACTIONS] (for instance " if Matchbox and not to ignite; Then for what else? "). By applying this guideline, more creative ideas should emerge than in usual tasks of producing innovative ideas.The thesis is reporting a serie of six studies, with the participation of adult and child end-users embedded in creative co-design situations, ranging from conceptual (designing functional and procedural properties on future objects) to the most practical (the making of a prototype). The first two studies show the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the technique of semi-directed research interviewing (sections 1.1 and 1.2) when counterfactual items are integrated into it. The second and third studies evaluate the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the Focus Group technique (sections 2.1 and 2.2) with counterfactual items included in the questions list. The fourth and fifth studies analyze the contribution of counterfactual thinking to Brainstorming (sections 3.1 and 3.2) by integrating counterfactual contexts during brainstorming and brainwriting sessions.In summary, the thesis works show that the use of counterfactual reasoning in tasks of creativity reduces the functional fixity relative to a category by optimizing the production of creative ideas coming from other categories
Barriquault, Cyril. "Représentation d'incidents dans le retour d'expérience de la Navigation Aérienne." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082572.
Full textNedelec, Thomas. "Apprentissage statistique contre des agents stratégiques et non-stratégiques, avec application à la théorie des enchères." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN070.
Full textThe common thread of this manuscript is the study of some of the main automatic decision processes using data provided by either strategic or non-strategic agents. In the first part of the manuscript, we study the learning of revenue-maximizing auctions on data provided by the bidders. We first introduce this framework by a detailed overview of the classical results of the auction literature. We prove that if one bidder is aware that his bid distribution is used in order to optimize the seller's revenue, he can take advantage of this data-driven mechanism and increase his utility. To do so, we introduce a simple and generic variational approach to design novel bidding strategies. This strategy works with general value distributions, with asymmetric bidders and for different revenue-maximizing mechanisms. Furthermore, it can be made robust to sample approximation errors on the seller part. This results in a large increase in utility for bidders whether they have a full or partial knowledge of their competitors. This approach naturally yields itself to numerical optimization and algorithms for designing the strategies. We show that these algorithms can be extended to tackle more complicated setups such as the multi-item setting, where no analytical solutions are known. We also study the economical consequences of the existence of such shading strategies on recent results on collusion in revenue-maximizing auctions. This represents a new contribution to the recent line of research at the frontier of game theory, economics and statistics showing how the use of modern statistical learning algorithms on the large amount of data available on internet platforms modifies classical economics interactions.In the second part of the manuscript, we study practical decisions processes enabling to take informed decisions when data are provided by non-strategic agents. We focus on the A/B testing setting where an agent needs to choose between two alternatives. We introduce a new algorithm interpolating between two classical objectives of the multi-armed bandit literature: regret minimization and best-arm identification. Finally, we study some of the main counterfactual estimators used by practitioners when they have access to randomized data. We provide a large overview of most of these estimators, exhibit some of their theoretical properties, their interest in practice and some of their main limitations. This second part provides a large overview of practical statistical tools that can be be used in modern industrial applications
Lippiatt, Ian. "Lewis’ Theory of Counterfactuals and Essentialism." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7078.
Full textModern logic since the end of the Second World War has undergone many developments. Two of the most interesting of these are the Kripkian Possible World Semantics and Lewis’ system of Counterfactuals. The first was developed by Saul Kripke in the 1960s and the second was developed by David Lewis in the 1970s. In some senses we can say that Lewis’ system of counterfactuals or Counter Factual Semantics (CFS) is built on top of the architecture which Kripke created with his Possible Worlds Semantics (PWS). But, what is the Kripkian Possible World Semantics itself built on? The answer it seems is very finely tuned ontology founded on the notion of possible worlds. This paper will attempt to do the following. First, attempt to draw a distinction between on the one hand conditionals and the other counterfactuals and at the same time attempt to look at some of the historical literature surrounding counterfactuals and their application in various fields like the philosophy of science. Second, recapitulate Lewis’ system of counterfactual semantics as developed primarily in Lewis’ book Counterfactuals. Finally this paper will attempt to explore the metaphysical foundations of the possible worlds account argued for by David Lewis in his conception of Modal Realism.
Books on the topic "Contrefactuels (Logique)"
1966-, Mandel David R., Hilton Denis J, and Catellani Patrizia, eds. The psychology of counterfactual thinking. New York, NY: Routledge, 2005.
Find full textLevy, Jack S. Explaining war and peace: Case studies and necessary condition counterfactuals. New York: Routledge, 2007.
Find full textHilton, Denis J., Patrizia Catellani, and David R. Mandel. Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. Taylor & Francis Group, 2005.
Find full textHilton, Denis J., Patrizia Catellani, and David R. Mandel. Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
Find full textHilton, Denis J., Patrizia Catellani, and David R. Mandel. Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
Find full textHilton, Denis J., Patrizia Catellani, and David R. Mandel. Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textHilton, Denis J., Patrizia Catellani, and David R. Mandel. Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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