Academic literature on the topic 'Contratto a termine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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Enrico, Raimondi. "Il contratto a termine." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 120 (April 2009): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2008-120008.
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Nisticň, Fausto. "I contratti di lavoro a termine: profili sostanziali." QUESTIONE GIUSTIZIA, no. 6 (March 2011): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qg2010-006006.
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1. La definizione attuale del contratto a tempo determinato / 2. Le sentenze della Corte di giustizia / 3. Nullitŕ del termine e conseguenze nel rapporto di impiego privato / 4. Nullitŕ del termine e conseguenze nel rapporto di impiego pubblico / 5. La nuova disciplina: art. 32 legge n. 183/2010. Generalitŕ / 6. Le nuove conseguenze sul piano risarcitorio / 7. I rimedi.
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Cucciovino, Silvia. "Il sistema sanzionatorio del contratto a termine e della somministrazione di lavoro dopo il Jobs Act." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 148 (January 2016): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2015-148005.
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Treu, Tiziano. "Flessibilitŕ e tutele nella riforma del lavoro." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 137 (February 2013): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2013-137001.
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Il saggio contiene un'analisi generale della recente riforma del lavoro (l. n. 92/2012). In premessa si ricostruisce l'iter formativo del provvedimento anzitutto nel dibattito fra le parti sociali e il governo, di cui si sottolinea l'andamento contrastato, e poi in sede parlamentare, dove si č verificata una larga convergenza politica sul testo e sulle sue modifiche, che peraltro non ha impedito forti tensioni e diffuse critiche. Il saggio discute l'impostazione generale della legge ispirata al modello europeo della flexicurity, mettendola a confronto con le esperienze di altri paesi e tenendo conto delle particolaritŕ italiane. Sottolinea inoltre l'importanza della delega sulla partecipazione dei lavoratori nell'impresa, che č indicata fra i principi ispiratori del provvedimento. Il commento rileva la non completa corrispondenza dei principali blocchi della legge rispetto agli obiettivi dichiarati dal governo e ai modelli europei: la persistente debolezza degli ammortizzatori sociali, accentuata dalla storica inadeguatezza degli strumenti di politica attiva del lavoro; l'importanza della promozione dell'apprendistato come canale privilegiato di ingresso dei giovani al lavoro; le scelte contrastanti in tema di flessibilitŕ in entrata, consistenti da una parte in una parziale liberalizzazione del contratto a termine, dall'altra in interventi limitativi dei contratti a progetto, partite IVA, associazione in partecipazione, con il ricorso alla tecnica delle presunzioni e, per altro verso, con l'aumento dei costi contributivi (interventi non omogenei che riflettono la mancanza di una rivisitazione complessiva del lavoro autonomo); infine, la modifica dell'art. 18 dello St.lav. che realizza il superamento dell'anomalia italiana della reintegrazione come unica sanzione del licenziamento ingiustificato e riconduce la reintegrazione a ipotesi tassativamente indicate dalla legge, sostanzialmente marginali rispetto alla indennitŕ risarcitoria. Il saggio sottolinea, infine, l'importanza delle vicende applicative della legge, opportunamente soggette a monitoraggio, e il ruolo decisivo non solo della giurisprudenza, ma della contrattazione collettiva che č chiamata a modificare la normativa con interventi ai vari livelli nazionali e decentrati.
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Brunetti, Irene, Andrea Ricci, and Sergio Scicchitano. "Working from home, caratteristiche dei lavoratori e salari: evidenze dai dati amministrativi." Sinappsi 11, no. 3 (2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2021-03-1.
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L'articolo analizza la relazione che lega le occupazioni che possono essere svolte ‘da casa’ (WFH), le caratteristiche dei lavoratori e l’evoluzione dei salari individuali. A tal fine si utilizza un dataset che integra le informazioni sulla natura delle professioni (Indagine ICP-Inapp), i dati sulle attivazioni e cessazioni dei rapporti di lavoro (SISCO-MLPS) e quelli sui redditi da lavoro dipendente (archivio Inps) per il periodo 2011-2018. L’applicazione di semplici modelli di regressione mostra quindi una correlazione positiva e significativa tra la circostanza di essere occupati in lavori che possono essere realizzati da remoto e le prospettive salariali degli individui. Tale correlazione, d’altra parte, è fortemente condizionata dal profilo demografico e contrattuale dei lavoratori coinvolti. In particolare, la possibilità di svolgere la propria occupazione da casa si accompagna a una penalizzazione salariale per la componente femminile dell’occupazione e per chi ha un contratto a termine. Infine, sono discusse le implicazioni di policy.
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Aparicio Tovar, Joaquín, and Berta Valdés de la Vega. "La riforma spagnola del 2010: la piů estesa e profonda della Spagna democratica." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 130 (June 2011): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2011-130006.
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La Legge 35/2010 ha introdotto una vasta riforma del mercato del lavoro in Spagna. Gli Autori, premessa una disamina della genesi della riforma, ne evidenziano alcuni profili di criticitŕ, per quanto attiene al contrasto alla disoccupazione, alla "frammentazione sociale" derivante dalla diffusione dei contratti e all'incremento dei poteri del datore di lavoro, in particolare in termini di agevolazione del ricorso ai licenziamenti.
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Olini, Gabriele. "Contratti a termine: ragioniamo sui differenziali." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 158 (July 2018): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2018-158012.
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De Marchi, Valentina, Eleonora Di Maria, and Katharina Spraul. "Collaborazioni università-impresa: i risultati sul fronte dell'eco-innovazione." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 3 (December 2018): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2018-003006.
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Lo studio analizza le caratteristiche e i risultati delle collaborazioni università-impresa legati all'innovazione orientata alla sostenibilità, sulla base dell'analisi di una banca dati originale di oltre 350 contratti di consulenza e ricerca realizzati da oltre 70 professori specializzati in discipline connesse alla sostenibilità ambientale dell'Università di Padova (periodo 2008-2012). Ne emerge che le performance economico-finanziarie delle imprese che collaborano sono positivamente associate alla collaborazione con l'Università; maggiore è il numero di contratti, migliore la performance economica. Tale vantaggio è maggiore per le imprese più piccole, non manifatturiere e localizzate fuori dal Veneto. Al contrario, il coinvolgimento dei professori con imprese per supportare innovazione ambientale non contribuisce a migliori performance di ricerca, misurate in termini di pubblicazioni. Le caratteristiche della rete del professore impattano invece sulle sue performance di ricerca.
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Mascarello, Graziella. "I contratti di lavoro a termine: profili procedurali." QUESTIONE GIUSTIZIA, no. 6 (March 2011): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qg2010-006007.
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Thornton, Anna M. "Stipula e stipulazione." X, 2019/3 (luglio-settembre) 10, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/2532-9006/2020.3195.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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GIAMPALMO, GAETANO. "Contratto a termine e giurisprudenza comunitaria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201968.
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Negli ultimi tempi, la disciplina dell’apposizione del termine ai contratti di
lavoro è stata spesso modificata – ed altrettanto spesso con interventi incisivi
e sostanziali – anche a seconda del particolare contesto storico di riferimento
e della valutazione del legislatore rispetto al contratto di lavoro a termine.
L’analisi dei modelli normativi adottati nel corso del tempo evidenzia due
diverse prospettive, tra di esse divergenti: la stabilità del lavoro e la flessibilità.
Il contratto a tempo determinato si pone quale punto di scontro tra queste
due alterne prospettive con il legislatore che sembra, a volte prediligerne una,
altre volte propendere per l’altra.
Nel diritto comunitario, il conflitto tra flessibilità e precarietà significa lotta
alla precarietà: lotta alla indiscriminata reiterazione del termine attraverso il
concetto di “ragioni oggettive” quale fattore legittimante del lavoro
predeterminato e limite alla precarizzazione, specie se ingiustificata.
La normativa italiana è costruita intorno ad una necessaria correlazione tra
apposizione del termine e ragioni giustificative: la necessaria giustificazione
della clausola temporale è, senza dubbio, la caratteristica fondamentale che
l’Ordinamento interno esige ai fini della clausola di durata nell’impiego,
pubblico e privato.
In questa prospettiva, analizzeremo nel presente lavoro di ricerca la disciplina
del termine, con particolare riguardo all’area del pubblico impiego
privatizzato, oggetto, di recente, di un vivacissimo dibattito dottrinale e
giurisprudenziale con un interessante – anche se da molti non condiviso -
ampliamento di prospettiva che potrebbe risultare “epocale”.
Cercheremo, in particolare, di addentrarci con il dovuto taglio critico nella
“attraente”, per quanto spesso criptica, normativa e giurisprudenza, anche
comunitaria, della disciplina dei contratti a termine nel pubblico impiego,
analizzando, in particolare le conseguenze derivanti dall’utilizzazione abusiva
della clausola temporale per violazione, non solo di norme interne, ma anche
di disposizioni dell’Unione Europea.
Passeremo in rassegna le più interessanti pronunce della Corte di Giustizia,
nonché la giurisprudenza della Corte Costituzionale, della Cassazione ed infine
dei giudici di merito.
Analizzeremo il sedimentato assetto giurisprudenziale in ordine al
risarcimento del danno, ritenuta misura sanzionatoria tipica in caso di
violazione del termine nel lavoro contrattualizzato, valutando le soluzioni
ritenute più conformi al disposto della Carta Costituzionale e della Direttiva
comunitaria di riferimento (1999/70/CE).
Valuteremo, inoltre, la giurisprudenza, per ora minoritaria, che ritiene di poter
disapplicare l’art. 36 comma 5 D.Lgs. 165/01 e convertire anche nel pubblico
impiego i contratti con termine illegittimo in rapporti di lavoro a tempo
indeterminato (con alcune forzature che cercheremo di analizzare
criticamente).
Prima di una suggestiva – si auspica – panoramica sul termine in altre realtà
europee (Spagna, Francia, Svezia), sintetizzeremo il punto di vista della
recentissima, per quanto assai sponsorizzata – specie dalle associazioni e
sindacati di categoria - giurisprudenza in punto di trattamento economico
derivante dagli scatti di anzianità non riconosciuti ai precari della scuola,
indugiando sulle varie posizioni assunte, alle quali aggiungeremo il personale
contributo critico.In recent times, the discipline of affixing of the term employment contracts has often been modified - and just as often with substantial and far-reaching measures - also depending on the particular historical context and the assessment of the legislature over the contract term employment . The analysis of the regulatory models adopted in the course of time shows two different perspectives, different between them: the job stability and flexibility. The fixed-term contract as a point of conflict arises between these two perspectives alternate with the legislature that seems at times to prefer one, sometimes leaning towards each other. In Community law, the conflict between flexibility and precariousness of means to combat insecurity: the fight against indiscriminate repetition of the word through the concept of "objective reasons" as a factor legitimizing the work and pre-determined limit to the insecurity, especially when unjustified. The Italian legislation is built around a necessary correlation between the term and affixing reasons of justification: the time necessary justification of the clause is, without doubt, the key feature that requires the House rules for the sunset clause in employment, public and Private. In this perspective, we analyze in this research discipline of the term, particularly with regard to the area of public sector privatized, subject, recently, a lively debate doctrinal and jurisprudential with an interesting - though not shared by many - extension of perspective that might be "momentous". We will try, in particular, to delve into their critical due to the "attractive", though often cryptic, and the case law, including EU, the regulation of contracts in the public sector, analyzing, in particular the consequences arising from abusive time for breach of the clause, not only of internal rules, but also to EU rules. We will review the most interesting of the Court of Justice rulings and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and finally the lower courts. We will analyze the structure settled case law concerning compensation for the damage, so far considered typical penalties for breaches of the term in the contracted work, evaluating the solutions considered to be more in conformity with the provisions of the Constitution and reference the European Directive (1999/70/EC) . Evaluate also the case, for now a minority, which believes it can set aside the art. 36 paragraph 5 of Legislative Decree no. 165/01 and convert well in the public sector-term contracts with unlawful relationships permanent job (with some exaggerations that we will try to critically analyze). Before striking a - hopefully - an overview to the term in other European countries (Spain, France, Sweden), summarize the point of view of the recent, much as sponsored - the species associations and unions - case in point of salary arising from the seniority of the school are not recognized for precarious, lingering on the various positions, such as adding staff to critical contribution.
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Trevisan, Linda <1990>. "Il contratto a termine nell'evoluzione legislativa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5340.
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Alio, Paola. "Il contratto a termine tra ordinamento nazionale e ordinamento comunitario." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1456.
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La tesi tratta l evoluzione del contratto a tempo determinato a seguito degli interventi legislativi da parte dell Unione Europea e prova ad esaminare ed interpretare la normativa nazionale alla luce della disciplina comunitaria.
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Morotti, Emanuela. "Il contratto modificativo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424988.
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This body of research is devoted to the study of that particular type of contract which modifies a previous one stipulated by the same parties. The main aim of this thesis is to try and give a definition of the so called “modificative contract”. Its distinctive trait is the difference between the modification and both the effects of canceling and creating contractual obligations.
This point is crucial to address, in order to separate the case we are discussing from different situations. First of all, the main term of comparison is that of the novation of a contractual obligation. After that, we move on to discuss “performance in place of fulfillment” to demonstrate that there is no reason to regard it as a type of modificative contract. To argue so, we propose a new interpretation that can finally explain the three clauses of article 1197 of the Italian Civil Code.
The second part of the research is focused on the modification of the inessential elements of a contract. The termination of a contract is useful in understanding the difference between modification and other cases that are more common in everyday life, such as the delay or the postponement of the deadline. Finally, we discuss whether the elimination of a condition is a form of modification or not, comparing the way property is transferred with the conditional contract.La figura del contratto modificativo pone come primo obiettivo d’indagine quello di individuare una definizione in grado di spiegare il particolare effetto che questo contratto produce. E’ proprio l’effetto modificativo la cifra caratterizzante di questo tipo di contratto, consentendo di segnare la distanza rispetto ad altre fattispecie che presentano dei profili comuni. Il riferimento è in primo luogo alla novazione, che costituisce in un certo senso il termine di paragone obbligato di ogni riflessione sul contratto modificativo. Un secondo elemento di confronto è rappresentato dalla prestazione in luogo dell’adempimento, di cui si dimostrerà l’estraneità rispetto alla sfera del contratto modificativo attraverso la proposizione di un’interpretazione, che riesca a dare coerenza ed unità al dettato dell’art. 1197 c.c. La seconda parte del lavoro si concentra sulla modifica degli elementi accidentali del negozio: la modifica del termine offre l’occasione per stabilire un confronto con la dilazione, figura poco studiata ma che ha grande rilievo nella pratica negoziale. Da ultimo, l’indagine sarà dedicata alla particolare ipotesi dell’eliminazione della condizione, e si cercherà di comprendere la sua appartenenza al contratto modificativo attraverso un percorso argomentativo che integra l’aspetto riguardante la vicenda traslativa con i meccanismi tipici della condizionalità.
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Fonda, Clarissa. "Il project financing tra lex mercatoria e contratto: alla scoperta della causa." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200748.
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Il project financing. Lex mercatoria e mercato. Il contratto e la causa. Ambito di applicazione della nuova normativa tra pubblico e privato. I singoli contratti: il parco commerciale di Giugliano in Campania.
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FRASCA, Nicoletta. "Lavoro a termine e contrattazione collettiva." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91143.
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Nel ripercorrere l’evoluzione della disciplina del lavoro a tempo determinato, considerato come emblema della flessibilità e, al contempo, quale strumento per favorire l’incremento dell’occupazione, l’A. analizza in particolare il ruolo svolto dalla contrattazione collettiva, che talvolta è destinataria di un ampio rinvio legale, talaltra si ritrova ad operare entro ristretti limiti.Analysing the evolution and the regulation of fixed-term contract, considered as a symbol of flexibility and, at the same time, as a means to increase employment, the Author particularly examines the role played by collective bargaining, that sometimes is connected to a large legal referral, sometimes has to operate within stricts limits
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MIRANDA, NICOLA. "Il nuovo contratto a tempo determinato: IL d.lgs. 368 del 2001 interpretato alla luce della Direttiva 70 del 1999." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/97.
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L'interpretazione della riforma del lavoro a termine è stata oggetto di un acceso dibattito dottrinale che ha portato a conclusioni diametralmente opposte relativamente a molti punti cardine della nuova disciplina, quali: la stipula di primo contratto a termine e la necessità di esigenze di natura temporanea; le norme antifrodatorie; le norme antidiscriminatorie; le clausole di contingentamento e più in generale il ruolo del sindacato. Da una attenta analisi della riforma che parta dal contenuto della direttiva emerge che nel nostro sistema normativo esiste ancora una regola importante, ma non più scritta: i contratti a tempo indeterminato rappresentano la forma comune dei rapporti di lavoro. Da questa regola discendono una serie di considerazioni: il primo contratto a termine non è libero ma subordinato all'esistenza di ragioni oggettive che si devono intendere anche temporanee; la proroga è ammessa solo a fronte di ragioni oggettive e sopravvenute; la successione di contratti a termine è vietata quando avviene in frode alla legge; in caso di illegittima stipulazione del contratto a termine il rapporto di lavoro si deve intendere a tempo indeterminato. Quanto al ruolo del sindacato questo è stato sicuramente innovato, ma il sistema predisposto dalla riforma del lavoro a termine in molte parti ricalca la disciplina previgente contenuta nella L. 56/87 tanto che non pare corretto parlare di mortificazione del ruolo della contrattazione collettiva ma solo di riduzione dei compiti ad essa affidati.Interpretation of the fixed term work reform has given rise to lively doctrinal debate that has led to completely opposite conclusions. Conclusions reached refer to hinge points of this new doctrine and include: the drawing up of first fixed term contracts and the necessity for temporary working requirements, anti-fraud norms, anti-discrimination norms, clauses in the fixing of quotas, and in general, the role of trade unions. Careful analysis of the reforms, starting from the content of this directive, reveals that our normative system still contains an important rule, although it is no longer written, that is: open-ended contracts still represent the most common job relationship form. Several considerations can be derived from this rule: the drawing of first fixed term contracts is not free, but subject to objective circumstances that must be proved. Mainly, the repeated extension of fixed term contracts is forbidden when it takes place against the law, and if a fixed term contract is unlawfully drawn up, then the job relationship must be intended as an open-ended one. The job of trade unions has certainly been re-emphasised due to this reform but, since the new job relationship system established by the fixed term work reform continues to enforce Law 56/87, it is not correct to talk of de-evaluation as related to collective work negotiations. Rather, trade unions will have a lesser role, and responsibilities and tasks normally charged to the trade union will be reduced.
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MIRANDA, NICOLA. "Il nuovo contratto a tempo determinato: IL d.lgs. 368 del 2001 interpretato alla luce della Direttiva 70 del 1999." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/97.
Full textAbstract:
L'interpretazione della riforma del lavoro a termine è stata oggetto di un acceso dibattito dottrinale che ha portato a conclusioni diametralmente opposte relativamente a molti punti cardine della nuova disciplina, quali: la stipula di primo contratto a termine e la necessità di esigenze di natura temporanea; le norme antifrodatorie; le norme antidiscriminatorie; le clausole di contingentamento e più in generale il ruolo del sindacato. Da una attenta analisi della riforma che parta dal contenuto della direttiva emerge che nel nostro sistema normativo esiste ancora una regola importante, ma non più scritta: i contratti a tempo indeterminato rappresentano la forma comune dei rapporti di lavoro. Da questa regola discendono una serie di considerazioni: il primo contratto a termine non è libero ma subordinato all'esistenza di ragioni oggettive che si devono intendere anche temporanee; la proroga è ammessa solo a fronte di ragioni oggettive e sopravvenute; la successione di contratti a termine è vietata quando avviene in frode alla legge; in caso di illegittima stipulazione del contratto a termine il rapporto di lavoro si deve intendere a tempo indeterminato. Quanto al ruolo del sindacato questo è stato sicuramente innovato, ma il sistema predisposto dalla riforma del lavoro a termine in molte parti ricalca la disciplina previgente contenuta nella L. 56/87 tanto che non pare corretto parlare di mortificazione del ruolo della contrattazione collettiva ma solo di riduzione dei compiti ad essa affidati.Interpretation of the fixed term work reform has given rise to lively doctrinal debate that has led to completely opposite conclusions. Conclusions reached refer to hinge points of this new doctrine and include: the drawing up of first fixed term contracts and the necessity for temporary working requirements, anti-fraud norms, anti-discrimination norms, clauses in the fixing of quotas, and in general, the role of trade unions. Careful analysis of the reforms, starting from the content of this directive, reveals that our normative system still contains an important rule, although it is no longer written, that is: open-ended contracts still represent the most common job relationship form. Several considerations can be derived from this rule: the drawing of first fixed term contracts is not free, but subject to objective circumstances that must be proved. Mainly, the repeated extension of fixed term contracts is forbidden when it takes place against the law, and if a fixed term contract is unlawfully drawn up, then the job relationship must be intended as an open-ended one. The job of trade unions has certainly been re-emphasised due to this reform but, since the new job relationship system established by the fixed term work reform continues to enforce Law 56/87, it is not correct to talk of de-evaluation as related to collective work negotiations. Rather, trade unions will have a lesser role, and responsibilities and tasks normally charged to the trade union will be reduced.
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Bastías, Garay Claudio Andrés, Sanhueza Jairo Ariel Llancapichun, and Sepúlveda Rodrigo Ignacio Valladares. "De las necesidades de la empresa, establecimiento o servicio : aproximación crítica a su concepción como causal de terminación del contrato de trabajo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112149.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Nos insertaremos en una rama del Derecho que ejerce un magnetismo intelectual considerable, el cual no podemos obviar a la hora de profundizar las materias objeto de estudio de la misma. Una vez dentro de este fascinante campo del conocimiento jurídico, hemos optado por un tópico de innegable trascendencia si pensamos en sus repercusiones afectivas, valóricas, sociales y económicas en la persona del trabajador y de la economía misma: la terminación de la relación de trabajo. En esta materia el legislador ha debido conciliar dos principios básicos de la estructura orgánico-social: por un lado, una moderna administración en los negocios requiere de la consiguiente flexibilidad en las relaciones laborales y, por otro lado, la innegable aspiración del cuerpo social de trabajadores respecto de la estabilidad en sus empleos. Probanza patente de la trascendencia del objeto de estudio, podemos visualizarla en todo análisis efectuado prime face. No hablamos de la terminación de un acto jurídico cualquiera, sino más bien de la capacidad de subsistencia del trabajador y de su familia (no omitiendo de manera alguna los contornos que marcan, además, el desarrollo económico de un país). Nuestro ordenamiento jurídico consagra una diversidad de causas de terminación del contrato de trabajo; respecto de las cuales hemos tomando el sendero que nos conduce al estudio de la causal necesidades de la empresa, establecimiento o servicio. Esta causal ha producido diversos y enconados debates entre los actores sociales presentes en este ámbito sectorial, llámense organizaciones sindicales, agrupaciones empresariales, economistas, entre otros. Lo anterior demuestra el valor inconmensurable que adquiere el determinar certeramente cada uno de los elementos constitutivos de esta causal, su proceso evolutivo y su ámbito de aplicación, entre otras materias. Sin embargo, es pacífica la postura de que el término de la relación de trabajo debe fundarse en causas justas. En vista de la anterior pincelada, es que surge el objeto de nuestro estudio. Nuestras aspiraciones se abocan a subsumir la causal en estudio dentro de un marco jurídico regulatorio claro, coherente con los principios básicos del Derecho del Trabajo y delimitante para no transformarse en óbice del desarrollo económico; analizar críticamente cada uno de los elementos fundantes de la causal en cuestión; otorgar sistematicidad en el despido causado a la causal en cuestión; y, en definitiva, servir de mediana claridad para una eventual futura visión progresista dentro del polémico campo del despido causado. Nuestro trabajo está compuesto de dos capítulos. El Derecho del Trabajo de nuestro país ha experimentado una evolución dogmática con el correr de diversos procesos históricos. Dicha evolución dogmático-legislativa importa empaparnos de las corrientes de pensamiento abrazadas a través de los años por nuestro legislador. Lo anterior produce como resultado una mediana comprensión del tratamiento legislativo otorgado en Chile al sistema de despido causado o justificado, siendo más específicos respecto a la justa causal de las necesidades de la empresa, establecimiento o servicio. En efecto, el primer capítulo de nuestro trabajo tiene por objeto materializar, a lo menos, cercanía mediana a dicho proceso evolutivo de nuestro Derecho del Trabajo. Por otra parte, nuestro capítulo final busca observar la causal de despido justificado en estudio desde una mirada crítica diversa. Realizamos el esfuerzo de subsumir la causal justificada en análisis de terminación del contrato de trabajo en su evolución legislativa y jurisprudencial, y de las corrientes dogmático-internacionales que, de cierta manera, iluminan su ámbito de desenvolvimiento. A lo anterior, sumamos el desglosamiento de la diversidad de elementos constitutivos de la causal en estudio, e interpretación y análisis de los mismos.
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Fanigliulo, Libera <1978>. "Accuratezza diagnostica dell'ecografia con mezzo di contrasto nel predire l'evoluzione a breve termine in pazienti con morbo di Crohn." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4544/1/fanigliulo_tesi_pdf.pdf.
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Obiettivi. L’ecografia con mezzo di contrasto (CEUS) può fornire informazioni sulla microvascolarizzazione della parete intestinale nella malattia di Crohn. L’infiammazione della parete intestinale non sembra essere correlata alla quantità di parete vascolarizzata (studi di pattern di vascolarizzazione, SVP) ma all’intensità del flusso di parete in un determinato periodo di tempo (studi di intensità-tempo, SIT). Scopo dello studio è valutare se gli studi SVP e/o SIT mediante CEUS siano in grado di mostrare il reale grado d’infiammazione della parete vascolare e se possano predire l’attività di malattia a 3 mesi. Materiali e metodi: 30 pazienti con malattia di Crohn venivano sottoposti a SVP e SIT mediante CEUS e venivano rivisti dopo 3 mesi. L’eCografia era eseguita con uno strumento dedicato con un software particolare per il calcolo delle curve intensità-tempo e con l’ausilio di un mezzo di contrasto (Sonovue). L’analisi quantitativa consisteva nella misura dell’area sotto la curva (AUC) (con cut-off tra malattia attiva e inattiva di 15) e di un intensità media (IM) con un cut-off di 10. Tutti gli esami venivano registrati e analizzati in modo digitale. Risultati: A T0: CDAI era inferiore a 150 in 22 pazienti e superiore a 150 in 8 pazienti; a T3: CDAI era inferiore a 150 in 19 pazienti e superiore a 150 in 11 pazienti. A T0 sia la CEUS SPV che la SIT evidenziavano bassa specificità, accuratezza diagnostica e valore predittivo negativo; a T3 la CEUS SVP mostrava bassa sensibilità e accuratezza diagnostica rispetto alla SIT che era in grado, in tutti i casi tranne uno, di predire l’attività clinica di malattia a tre mesi. Conclusioni: in questo studio, la CEUS-SIT ha mostrato buona accuratezza diagnostica nel predire l’attività clinica di malattia nel follow-up a breve termine di pazienti con malattia di Crohn.Objectives. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can provide quantitative estimates of intestinal wall microvascularization in Crohn’s disease. Our hypothesis is that intestinal inflammation could be correlate not with the amount of wall vascularization (study of vascularization patterns, SVP) but with the degree of wall flow in a period of time (intensity-time study, SIT). Aim of the study was to understand if CEUS SPV and/or SIT reflect(s) vascular intestinal inflammation and display(s) correlation bewteen disease activity indexes at the time of examination (T0) and at a 3-month follow-up (T3). Methods. 30 patients with Crohn’s disease were studied with CEUS SVP and SIT and followed-up for three months. The quantitative analysis consisted in the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC which had a cut-off of 15) and of the mean intensity (IM which had a cut-off of 10). Each examination was digitally recorded and analyzed. Results. At T0 both CEUS SPV and SIT were characterized by low specificity and diagnostic accuracy (p = ns); at T3, CEUS-SPV showed a lower sensibility and diagnostic accuracy rather than CEUS-SIT which was able to predict cinical activity during follow-up in all but one case (p= 0.001). Conclusion: CEUS-SIT was found to reflect vascular inflammation of the intestinal wall in Crohn’s disease and to predict the short-term clinical outcome.
Books on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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Saracini, Paola. Contratto a termine e stabilità del lavoro. Napoli: Editoriale scientifica, 2013.
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D'Onghia, Madia. Il contratto a termine nel lavoro privato e pubblico. Milano: Giuffrè, 2009.
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Viceconte, Massimo. Il contratto di lavoro a termine: Legislazione, giurisprudenza e contrattazione collettiva. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1994.
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Corrado, Giovanni Di. Riforma del contratto di lavoro a termine nel privato e nel pubblico impiego. Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2010.
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Amato, Fabrizio. Le nuove tipologie del rapporto di lavoro: Formazione-lavoro, part-time, contratto a termine. Napoli: Liguori, 1991.
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Pandolfo, Angelo. Il nuovo contratto di lavoro a termine: Aggiornato alla Legge 16 maggio 2014, n. 78. Torino: G. Giappichelli Editore, 2014.
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Iannuzzi, Vitaliano. Il contratto a termine degli operai musicali: Tra eventi, opere d'arte e curiosità : la banda musicale di Canosa di Puglia e l'azienda comunale dal 1860 al 2009. Bari: Levante, 2009.
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Magnani, Mariella, Franco Carinci, and Carlo Zoli. Il lavoro a termine. Torino: UTET, 2000.
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Vallebona, Antonio. Il nuovo lavoro a termine. Padova: CEDAM, 2001.
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Bollani, Andrea. Lavoro a termine, somministrazione e contrattazione collettiva in deroga. Padova]: CEDAM, Casa editrice dott. Antonio Milani, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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Biswas, Biswajit, and Biplab Kanti Sen. "Satellite Image Contrast Enhancement Using Fuzzy Termite Colony Optimization." In Hybrid Metaheuristics for Image Analysis, 115–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77625-5_5.
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Boschi, Alessandro, Adriano Duatti, and Licia Uccelli. "Development of Technetium-99m and Rhenium-188 Radiopharmaceuticals Containing a Terminal Metal–Nitrido Multiple Bond for Diagnosis and Therapy." In Contrast Agents III, 85–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b101225.
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Pham, Hanh Hong, and Huong Thi Thu Phung. "Invoking COVID-19 to suspend or terminate the operation of a treaty." In Contract Law in Changing Times, 193–209. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003358305-15.
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Macdonald, Elizabeth, Ruth Atkins, and Jens Krebs. "18. Performance and breach." In Koffman & Macdonald's Law of Contract. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198752844.003.0018.
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This chapter covers the two contractual situations of performance and breach. First, it recognizes that most contracts are performed and completed, with the consequence that liability ceases and the obligations under the contract are discharged by performance. Some obligations may be classed as conditions precedent, or as conditions subsequent, and the order for performance may be provided for by contingent conditions. The relevance of the entire contracts rule is noted. Second, the chapter explores the injured party’s right to terminate for breach. The right to terminate for repudiatory breach and the right to terminate for anticipatory breach of contract, are both illustrated through the relevant case law which highlight the possible options available to an injured party and the consequences which may follow.
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Atkins, Ruth. "18. Performance and breach." In Koffman, Macdonald & Atkins' Law of Contract, 441–60. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860907.003.0018.
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This chapter covers the two contractual situations of performance and breach. First, it recognizes that most contracts are performed and completed, with the consequence that liability ceases and the obligations under the contract are discharged by performance. Some obligations may be classed as conditions precedent, or as conditions subsequent, and the order for performance may be provided for by contingent conditions. The relevance of the entire contracts rule is noted. Second, the chapter explores the injured party’s right to terminate for breach. The right to terminate for repudiatory breach and the right to terminate for anticipatory breach of contract, are both illustrated through the relevant case law which highlight the possible options available to an injured party and the consequences which may follow.
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"Chapter Eight: The Computer Contract: A Sociosemiotic Analysis of Computer Adoption." In Terminal Signs, 283–320. De Gruyter Mouton, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110857238.283.
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McKendrick, Ewan. "22. Breach of Contract and Termination." In Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198808169.003.0022.
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This chapter begins with a definition of ‘breach of contract’ and then outlines the circumstances in which a breach of contract gives to the innocent party a right to terminate further performance of the contract. These include breach of a condition and breach of an intermediate term where the consequences of the breach are sufficiently serious. The chapter also considers the problems that can arise in deciding the status of a term which has not been classified by the parties as a condition, a warranty, or an intermediate term. It examines termination clauses and the significance attached to the good faith of the party who is alleged to have repudiated the contract. The chapter includes a brief comparison of English law with the Vienna Convention and with the Principles of European Contract Law, and also addresses the question of whether an innocent party is obligated to exercise its right to terminate further performance of the contract, and considers the loss of the right to terminate. It concludes with a discussion of the law of anticipatory breach of contract.
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McKendrick, Ewan. "22. Breach of Contract and Termination." In Contract Law, 737–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855293.003.0022.
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This chapter begins with a definition of ‘breach of contract’ and then outlines the circumstances in which a breach of contract gives to the innocent party a right to terminate further performance of the contract. These include breach of a condition and breach of an intermediate term where the consequences of the breach are sufficiently serious. The chapter also considers the problems that can arise in deciding the status of a term which has not been classified by the parties as a condition, a warranty, or an intermediate term. It examines termination clauses and the significance attached to the good faith of the party who is alleged to have repudiated the contract. The chapter includes a brief comparison of English law with the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and with the Principles of European Contract Law, and also addresses the question of whether an innocent party is obligated to exercise its right to terminate further performance of the contract, and considers the loss of the right to terminate. It concludes with a discussion of the law of anticipatory breach of contract.
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McKendrick, Ewan. "22. Breach of Contract and Termination." In Contract Law, 743–96. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192856548.003.0022.
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This chapter begins with a definition of ‘breach of contract’ and then outlines the circumstances in which a breach of contract gives to the innocent party a right to terminate further performance of the contract. These include breach of a condition and breach of an intermediate term where the consequences of the breach are sufficiently serious. The chapter also considers the problems that can arise in deciding the status of a term which has not been classified by the parties as a condition, a warranty, or an intermediate term. It examines termination clauses and the significance attached to the good faith of the party who is alleged to have repudiated the contract. The chapter includes a brief comparison of English law with the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and with the Principles of European Contract Law, and also addresses the question of whether an innocent party is obligated to exercise its right to terminate further performance of the contract, and considers the loss of the right to terminate. It concludes with a discussion of the law of anticipatory breach of contract.
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"Contracts of employment." In Commentary on the European Insolvency Regulation, edited by Reinhard Bork and Kristin van Zwieten, 309–14. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852117.003.0014.
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Article 13 EIR deals with the effects of insolvency proceedings on employment contracts and relationships that will be governed solely by the law of the Member State applicable to the contract of employment. The commentary cites the courts of the Member State in which secondary proceedings could retain jurisdiction to approve the termination or modification of the contracts. It highlights the power of the insolvency practitioner to assume, terminate, and amend executory contracts or assign them to a third party. It points out that the effects of insolvency proceedings on employment contracts and relationships are governed by the Member State applicable to those contracts.
Conference papers on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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Goretzki, L., E. Miller, and A. Henschen. "CLEAVAGE PATHWAY,AND SPECIFICITY OF LEUCOCYTE ELASTASE AS COMPARED TO PLASMIN DURING FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643897.
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Plasmin and leucocyte elastase are regarded as the two medically most important fibrin(ogen)-degrading proteolytic enzymes. There is, however, a considerable difference in information available about the cleavage specificities and fragmentation pathways of these two enzymes. Degradation by plasmin has been studied already for a long time in great detail so that now the time course of the degradation, the cleavage sites and the functional properties of many fragments are well known. In contrast, relatively little is known about the degradation by leucocyte elastase, except that the overall cleavage pattern resembles that obtained with plasminIn this investigation the leucocyte elastase-mediated degradation of fibrinogen has been examined by means of proteinchemi-cal methods. Human fibrinogen was incubated with human enzyme material for various periods of time and at some different enzyme concentrations. The split products formed at the various stages were isolated in pure form by gel filtration followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fragments were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition. The course of the degradation was also monitored by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All cleavage patterns were compared with the corresponding patterns from plasmic degradation. It could be confirmed that X-, D- and E-like fragments are formed also with elastase. However, several early elastolytic Aα-chain fragments are characteristically different from plasmic fragments. The previously identified N-terminal cleavage site in the Aα-chain, i.e. after position 21, was found to be the most important site in this region of fibrinogen. The very early degradation of the Aα-chain N-terminus by elastase is in strong contrast to the stability against plasmin. Several cleavage sites in N-terminal region of the Bβ-chain were observed, though the low amino acid specificity of elastase partly hampered the identification. The γ-chain N-terminus was found to be as highly stable towards elastase as towards plasmin. The results are expected to contribute to the understanding of the role of leucocyte elastase in pathophysiologic fibrino(geno)lysis
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Zhang, Qihui, and Chao Hou. "Supply chain coordination contracts in telecom terminal customization." In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7978184.
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Bagan, Jamie, Susan Larson, Gilles Orieux, Dean Thieson, and Greg Wengreniuk. "Hardisty Contract Tankage Project: Design of a System for Long-Term Storage, Heating and Transporting Heavy Crude Oil in Cold Climates." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31654.
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In response to strong customer demand, Enbridge Midstream Inc. (Enbridge) expanded its’ crude oil contract terminal facilities which included a new terminal near Hardisty, Alberta. Commissioned in 2009, the new Hardisty Contract Tankage (HCT) terminal provides services to accumulate medium- and long-term liquid crude volumes on a fee-for-service basis. Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was selected to perform the conceptual and detailed design based on their terminal experience and working relationship with Enbridge. Given the inherent intermittent operation of this facility it was deemed critical to design integrity management into the facility. The conceptual and detailed design project team included members from Enbridge’s Integrity Management team to enhance the design.
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Monfort Mulinas, Arturo, and José Aguilar Herrando. "Propuesta de caracterización del nivel de servicio por línea de atraque en contratos de concesión de terminales portuarias de contenedores." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3504.
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Un elemento básico en la competitividad de los países y regiones es la componente logística (coste/tiempo) que se produce en los nodos y modos que conforman las correspondientes cadenas de suministro. Las terminales portuarias son nodos estratégicos en las cadenas logístico-portuarias. Con carácter universal la política de transportes ha apostado por el modelo de gobernanza portuaria landlord que se materializa en inversiones y explotación portuaria a través de asociaciones público-privadas, habitualmente bajo el instrumento de un contrato de concesión. En los contratos de concesión se recogen los derechos y obligaciones de las partes, a lo largo del plazo concesional que es dilatado, al objeto de que el operador privado pueda recuperar su inversión. De lo contemplado en el mismo resultará el nivel de servicio de la terminal en los subsistemas de línea de atraque (carga/descarga de buques), almacenamiento y recepción/entrega al transporte terrestre. Es imprescindible que los indicadores que se contemplen sean capaces de caracterizar de hecho los niveles de servicio ofertados. El nivel de servicio del subsistema de carga/descarga de buques o de línea de atraque debe incorporar por un lado la calidad de servicio ofertada en términos de esperas en relación con los tiempos de atraque; y por otro, la productividad en el atraque. Éste resultará del dimensionamiento de la terminal en longitud de línea de atraque y grúas de muelle para dar respuesta a la demanda de tráfico por vía marítima. En la ponencia se propone la caracterización del nivel de servicio por línea de atraque para su inclusión tras la oportuna particularización en los contratos de concesión de terminales portuaria de contenedores.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3504
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Mićović, Andrej. "Zaštita prava putnika povodom ugovora o organizovanju putovanja." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.259m.
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The subject of the legal analysis in this paper are the legal mechanisms for the protection of travellers before the conclusion of the package travel contract (pre- contractual information duty), before the start of the package (transfer of the package to another traveller and the right to terminate the contract) and the rights of travellers in the case of non-performance of the contract (the right to demand proper fulfillment, price reduction, the right to terminate the contract and compensation for damages). The paper analyzes the existing rules contained in the Consumer Protection Act and the newly proposed rules contained in the Draft Consumer Protection Act adopted in accordance with the Directive 2015/2302/EU.
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Erikstad, Stein Ove, and Sören Ehlers. "Simulation-Based Analysis of Arctic LNG Transport Capacity, Cost and System Integrity." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24043.
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This paper presents a design case for arctic LNG transport, where liquefied gas is shipped from the Kharasevey terminal in Northern Russia to markets in US and Europe. Based on a fleet simulation model, the trade-off between the two main performance issues related to arctic transport are investigated; namely how to maintain transport system integrity in the harsh ice conditions, while maximizing the capacity utilization in a situation with considerable seasonal variations. The fixed contract, single destination base case shows that meeting the requirements for a robust solution implies a low degree of utilization in the summer season. To improve upon this situation, several mitigating strategies are evaluated, including vessel speed and size changes, fixed and seasonally varying contract and market mix schedules, revision stop rescheduling, storage capacity extensions and backhauling. The results indicate a high payoff from renegotiating the initial fixed schedule contract to allow for a higher degree of seasonal variations in the LNG deliveries. Further, increased storage capacity in loading port, combined with winter revision stops will have a significant impact on both fleet utilization and total system integrity. Flexible contracts that implies seasonal deliveries to the UK will help ensure continuous production and deliveries in winter season. Finally, surplus capacity gives opportunities for seasonal spot cargoes that could be exploited to increase fleet utilization rate.
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Sun, ZeHua. "Reflection on the Right of Terminate the Contract of the Defaulting Party and Resolution of the Contract impasse." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201214.541.
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Haerani, Siti, Muhammad Yunus Amar, Muhammad Iskandar, and A. Sugeng S. Aji. "The Company Efficiency Increasing Strategy in Makassar Contract Terminal Using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics 2018 (ICAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.32.
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Kārkliņš, Jānis. "Pasūtītāja atteikšanās no piegādes līguma." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.04.
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The Latvian Civil Law provides for a strict rule regarding the binding force of a contract. The basic rule is that no one has the right to withdraw from the contract due to difficulties in performing the contract at a later date, nor may the withdrawal from the contract take place because the other party is not performing the contract. Thus, the principle of pacta sunt servanda is enshrined in Latvian contract law. However, there are certain provisions in the Civil Law that allow a party to unilaterally withdraw from the contract, if the other party does not comply with it or there are other circumstances that give the right to terminate the contractual relationship, – such as termination of the authorization agreement, early termination of storage, withdrawal from the service agreement in specific cases, etc. Despite the strict regulation regarding the binding force of the contract, there is an article (art. 2108) in the Latvian Civil Law which stipulates that in the case of a supply contract, the customer is entitled to refuse delivery if the circumstances have changed. This right is a unique exception in Latvian contract law, which is additionally supplemented by the customer’s obligation to compensate the supplier for losses. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical origins of these exceptions, their rationale, and conclusions as to whether such an exception should be retained in Latvian contract law.
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Islam, M. N. "Ultrafast all-optical gates based on soliton trapping in fibers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mo1.
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Ultrafast, all-optical soliton trapping logic gates including an inverter, exclusive- OR, and AND are experimentally demonstrated in birefringent fibers. The soliton trapping local gates are three terminal devices with orthogonally polarized inputs, phase-insensitive nonlinear operation, and switching energies of ~42 pJ. The experimental apparatus consists of a 20-m length of highly birefringent optical fiber followed by a frequency bandpass filter. Using a filter with an ~0.2-THz bandpass, the contrast for the exclusive-OR is 8:1, but the output pulses are about 10× broader than the input pulse width. We show a cascadable inverter with an ~4:1 contrast ratio by widening the filter bandpass so the output pulses can propagate as solitons in a fiber. A 4:1 contrast ratio is sufficient for distinguishing between solitons and dispersive waves in fibers, and the reshaping properties of solitons contribute to logic level restoration.
Reports on the topic "Contratto a termine"
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Cruz Suarez, Magda Gioanna, Paola Alvis Duffó, and Myriam Leonor Torres Pérez. Modelo comercial de apropiación de la telesalud para Empresas Sociales del Estado - E.S.E. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecisa.4758.
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Este modelo aplica para la negociación y contratación de la venta de servicios de salud con las Entidades Promotoras de Salud y demás empresas responsables de pago. Inicia con la definición y elaboración del plan operativo de contratación de servicios de salud y termina con el registro, parametrización y notificación de las nuevas tarifas y contratos en el software institucional. Este modelo se elabora basado en ejes programáticos como el Modelo de Atención Integral en salud (MIAS) y el nuevo marco operacional Modelo de Acción Integral Territorial (MAITE), de igual forma tiene en cuenta información departamental como el documento de redes y Análisis de Situación en Salud reportados al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. De igual forma, el modelo fue socializado en el “Primer Encuentro de Apropiación de Telesalud en zonas de frontera” ejecutado el día 11 de junio de 2019. El modelo describe un conjunto de acciones que promueven y facilitan la atención oportuna, eficiente y eficaz, que van dirigidas a las personas, consideradas seres íntegros física y mentalmente, que además son seres sociales que pertenecen a una familia, que se encuentran en constante proceso de integración y adaptación a su medio ambiente físico, social y cultural.
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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.