Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrats à titre onéreux'
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Delangle, Charline. "Les motifs du contrat à titre onéreux : étude comparative des droits français, anglais et allemand." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0278.
Full textReferring to the reasons for the conclusion of a contract, contractual motives are classically viewed in a negative way in French law : they are indifferent in principle, except in matters of control of the legality of the act, for which it is traditionally taught that motives of the parties are admitted without limitation. The essential aspect of motives in the contractual phenomenon does not fit well with this rejection of principle. A comparative analysis of the concrete solutions adopted in French, English and German laws not only makes it possible to challenge the principle of indifference of motives but, in addition, reveals substantial lines of convergence in the treatment of the question of contractual motives. Indeed, French, English and German laws meet, both in terms of legal policy at the basis of taking motives into account, and of the regime of this consideration. Also, the issue of motives is, first, inevitable with regard to the unitary requirement of a justification of engagement, which consists of a minimum interest in an onerous contract. Technically, the integration of a counterparty is thus necessary, and the laws studied include institutions making it possible to ensure the sufficiency of the interest that it represents. Beyond this necessary integration of a minimal motive, every law studied makes the fate of the contract dependent on the possibility of satisfying the utility which it pursues, as defined by all the motives tacitly or expressly integrated into it. The impossibility of motives at the formation of the contract or its execution is thus likely to lead to its contestation, provided that it does not constitute a risk to be supported by the one whose expectations are disappointed. The study of contractual motives in French, English and German comparative law leads to overcoming the traditional dogmatic oppositions - in particular centered on debates around the notion of cause - and offers a whole new perspective on the rules adopted in national law
Marty, Richard. "De l'absence partielle de cause de l'obligation et de son rôle dans les contrats à titre onéreux." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020087.
Full textContract is not only a personal relation between serveral person; today, it is an economic flow, a bargain. For these reasons, the differents benfits must be proportionals. The cause de l'obligation and this absence partielle are the implements of this adequate mutuality
Kao, Wiyao. "Le contrat portant sur une chose future : essai d’une théorie générale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT3015.
Full textThe expression "contract relating to a future thing" means that the contracting parties may validly stipulate that the thing due will be future; they may thus contract on a tangible or intangible thing that does not yet exist, at least in its entirety. Since the Roman sale of a future thing, contracts relating to a future thing have diversified. The practice of these contracts has become commonplace because of their economic importance. Taking the measure of this diversity and richness, reflection on the contract for a future thing has been considered under the heading of general theory. Contracts relating to a future thing are familiar figures without necessarily being noticed. It was necessary to identify them first of all. What characterizes them, and what is quickly apparent, is that each of these contracts presupposes a future thing which constitutes their object; this study proposes a clear and distinct definition of them. What is perhaps less obvious from an analysis of these contracts, and yet characteristic of them, is that they are always commutative contracts and not random contracts. This feature shows that the Roman theory of the sale of a future thing, as it has always been presented, must be used today with great care to explain the whole mechanism of the contract for a future thing. The identification of the contract relating to a future thing continued with a reference to anticipation. This is a doctrinal explanation of former article 1130, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code, which provided: "The subject-matter of an obligation may be a future thing". It explains even today, after the reform of the law of contract, the new article 1163, paragraph 1. These three references or criteria (the future thing, the absence of contingency and anticipation) have made it possible to identify, on the one hand, special contracts relating to a future thing and, on the other hand, contractual securities relating to a future thing. Once the various contracts relating to a future thing had been identified, it was important to study their legal regime in a second stage. A contract relating to a future thing is distinguished by two common and specific rules: first, the debtor is under a prior obligation to do something which consists in making the promised thing happen by participating in its creation or by executing another contract; and second, the creditor has a possible right, which is the pure and simple right in germ, in favour of the creditor. Moreover, most of the developments on the validity and non-performance of a contract relating to a future thing fall under the general law of contract. The problems discussed did not make it possible to identify any specific features relating to the aspect of the future thing, the object of the service.In terms of the concept and the regime, there are a total of five common criteria and rules on which to base a general theory of the contract relating to a thing in the future
Barabé-Bouchard, Véronique. "Les contrats onéreux et les relations familiales." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11009.
Full textThe aims of this thesis is to study the incidence on contacts for valuable considerations, of a kindred or marriage link between the parties. Actually, family link can not be without influence on the agreement's validity and on the rules that are applicable to it, because family relations creat a network of legal reguirements and prohibitions, generally imperative : state relatives, parental authority, husband and wife's duties, marriage settlement. . . This study allows to describe and to explain, how contracts and family fit into, but also to show the last thirty years law's evolution. 35where'as a short time ago, public policy was opposed to family contrats' validity, at present, contracts can be conducted between parents as it can be between anybody
Blanchon, Clothilde. "Recherche sur la subvention : contribution à l'étude du don en droit public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0446.
Full textThe issue of the legal definition of grant has long been blotted out and constrained. Nowadays, in a context of confusion between this notion with the closely related notion of public procurement, it is more than necessary to tackle it. A single distinctive feature seems efficient to isolate itself from this nearby type: its very nature of public gift or, to employ the French “civil law” terminology, its quality of “gratuitous act”. The research for the two elements used in French private law to identify such an act proves to be conclusive. Furthermore, it reveals the specificity of this item in public law. Animus donandi can originally be combined with general interest, and this raises grant as a real gift with charges of public law. Public gift, as specific as it is, fashions the rules applied to grants. It provides this notion with a genuine legal status, which turns out to be consistent and intelligible. The funding mechanism is ruled by the concept of general interest, and its implementation is governed by its conditional quality. Grants proves to be a public gift, and it is ruled as such. This conclusion couldn’t have been reached without meeting with the heuristic value of the concept of public gift
Lamouroux, Guillaume. "Les subventions aux entreprises privées : contribution à l'analyse civile et fiscale de l'acte neutre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0018.
Full textWhile the notion of subsidy is widely discussed within public law and financial science, private law remains relatively indifferent to this subject. This is particularly detrimental given that the concept of subsidies for and by private companies can only be imperfectly assessed via the classical analysis of these subjects where a subsidy is viewed as an unconditioned financial support. Studying subsidies to private companies thus enables us to assess the appropriateness of this classical analysis and to suggest a renewed understanding of subsidies on three aspects.Firstly, unlike in public law, a subsidy must be viewed as a unilateral contract, not a unilateral act. It is important indeed not to confuse the expression of consent by a legal entity, which results from a unilateral act, with the act of granting a subsidy, which is contractual in nature. A subsidy is also just a type of financial support. It is characterized by a direct wealth transfer from the grantor of the subsidy to its beneficiary, valued on the achievement of a specific goal. These two elements are essential as they differentiate a subsidy from other types of private companies’ support mechanisms (such as debt relief, loans, underpriced or overpriced transactions) and show that being goal-oriented does not commit the beneficiary to realizing the stated objective, rather it is the binding nature of a contract that enforces this obligation. In case of non-compliance, the subsidized entity will be subject to the contract’s termination clauses for being in default of its contractual obligations, a forced contractual compliance being not possible as it remains a management decision. Finally, a subsidy is not exactly an unconditioned financial support, rather it is a support without direct obligations. If its grantor often aims to obtain a direct benefit against the issuance of a subsidy, it often obtains nothing. This alternative reflects the specificity of a subsidy as it can be given for free or not. In other words, a subsidy is a neutral act which explains its numerous practical difficulties. More precisely, as a neutral contract, a subsidy does not express a specific reason, in each case it must thus be assessed if the issuer has a vested interest in the granting of the said subsidy. This research is of great interest, as a subsidy granted for free, in particular by a private enterprise, has consequences in terms of company law – breach of the “specialty” principle – tax law – customary managerial decisions – and criminal law. Showing the limits of the freedom to subsidize private companies contributes to reveal the civil and tax identity of a neutral act
Morange, Sylvie. "La transmission d'entreprise à titre gratuit." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10021.
Full textLambert, Sophie. "L'intention libérale dans les donations." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32018.
Full textGarnier, Martine. "Le prêt à usage." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20008.
Full textEndowed with a simple regulation (articles 1875 to 1891 of Code Civil), which haven't changed since 1804, the loan with the right of user is a part of daily contracts concluded without paying attention to them. Despite of its common use, in family, friendly or neighbourly relationships, but also in business connections, few of detailed studies exist. In fact, lawyers do not turn their attention to this contract, which is considering as an agreement without any particularities. The subject of this work is to know more deeply this agreement which earns its place within special contracts. From its conclusion to its issue, each rule of the loan with the right of user are here examinated. This study systematically asks question about the reasons of the loan's rules, and the result differ in traditional view if this contract. Indeed the latter is usually presented as a real, free and unilateral contract which main loaner's obligation is the return of the object. But, after investigation, loan proves it's a consensual, deeply bilateral agreement, free or motivated, which main element is the use of the thing. This study also lay stress on the flexibility and security that allow this kind of contract. In this way, that it's perfectly suitable to contemporary world and business world. The other side of the picture is that undoubtly a simple unconspicuously free disposal could be regard as a loan. The risk urges to check deeply the nature of the loan with the right f user, to look at the abuse uses of the term of loan and to keep its identity to the real contract of loan
Gamet, Laurent. "Les contrats de travail conclus au titre des dispositifs publics de mise à l'emploi : contribution à l'étude des contrats de travail spéciaux." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/gamet_l.
Full textFrench legislator has created a lot of atypical employment contracts in the frame of public employment policy. Those contracts reveal two main features, which distinguish them from the other employment contracts and unite them in a single family. One the one hand, authorities aim to carry out a public goal throughout those contracts. That implies that the employer benefits from public subsidies and public administration is able to intervene in the contract's formation process. One the other hand, the employer has not only to pay the slary, but also to train the employee or to participate in his " insertion programm " established " by authorities. From a technical point that implies a combinaison of an employment contract with an other convention. The result is a single contract ("contrat complexe") or a pair of contracts united to each other ("complexe de contrats"). The emergence of new obligations has a direct influence on the work required of the employee, and on the employer's management power. Moreover, when this latter does not carry out his obligations, the employee has the right to pursue him. The judge will recognize that their relationship is in fact a typical employment contract. The employee will therefore gain damages. One can not miss that, in the future, combination of activities of production, training or involvement in non-profit organizations will be the common rule. If we follow those prospects, the atypical contracts, promoted in the frame of public employment policy, reveal what could be, in the next decades, the common employment contracts
Gamet, Laurent. "Les contrats de travail conclus au titre des dispositifs publics de mise à l'emploi : contribution à l'étude des contrats de travail spéciaux /." Paris : LGDJ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38929935r.
Full textGamet, Laurent Béraud Jean-Marc. "Les contrats de travail conclus au titre des dispositifs publics de mise à l'emploi contribution à l'étude des contrats de travail spéciaux /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/gamet_l.
Full textDeshayes, Olivier. "La transmission de plein droit des obligations à l'ayant cause à titre particulier." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010272.
Full textAlleaume, Christophe. "Le prêt des oeuvres de l'esprit." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN0045.
Full textThe lending of works is a complex operation where there are three different juridical relationship. First of them, thanks to an agreement, a lender concedes to a borrower a fair use of a copy on which there is a work. Because none of them enjoy any right on the work, the object of the agreement concerns only the copy. In the second relationship between author and lender, there is nevertheless a public communication of the work : from individual loans to individual loans which object is the copy, a public exploitation of work seems to appear. Is it possible for the authors to control the exploitation of their works even after there have been first put into circulation? does the authors enjoy a "public lending right" in france? this thesis tries to demonstrate that the french theory of "droit de destination" includes an exclusive rental right. An e. C. Directive of 1992, not translated in french legislation, but which must nevertheless have effects, will strengthen the french theory in order to develop the public lending right in france whatever the technology used to lend. In the third and last reltionship, between author and borrower, the question is to know if the author can forbid the borrower to use his work. The answer is no when the borrower has a domestical "fair use" of the work because the french legislation of copyright enforces to authors this kind of use
Ginon, Anne-Sophie. "La recherche biomédicale en quête de principes." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100157.
Full textThe law relating to biomedical research is an excellent indicator of the development of a new ordre public (public policy) understood as being a body of inalienable rules. Applying equally to the legally capable person, to the body parts and products and even to the human in vitro embryo, this law brings into question the concept of person as a legal entity. In the Civil code, articles 16 and the articles that follow constitute concrete terms in research contracts that limit or even prevent the carrying out of experiments on human resources that have already been carried out on other living species. Human person implies a different dimension to that of person understood as differentiating between the individual human being and other living organisms. Moreover, the conditions necessary for legitimate research are legislative standards, the aim of which only becomes clear when they are actually applied. The creation of ad hoc administrative bodies charged with examining the legality of each research protocol, represents a new type of regulation that distributes constitutional powers differently. Confrontation with the constitutional case-law illustrates that these administrative bodies provide an essential guarantee of respect for the conditions laid down in the Public Health Code and that not only their creation, but also their composition and working, originate in statute. However, the law of biomedical research also expresses the conditions of the legal relationship that is formed between the investigator and the research subject. Prohibition of payment, the right to withdraw at any moment and lack of reciprocal duty are the characteristics of a beneficence contract, the basis of which has had to be reviewed to take into account the research relationship. As a tool to respond to the legislation, the beneficence contract is also useful in evaluating the current reform proposals as well as in covering the abandonment of human body parts and products. The promoter is therefore under certain duties. These duties represent a contractual justice that is not present in the general law because they are distributive in nature corresponding to the service provided. By rendering acceptable the inherent asymmetry of a unilateral contractual relationship, these rules indicate the presence of an inalienable ordre public particular to unilateral contracts (contrats gratuits) except where more favourable provisions may already exist
Bellaiche, David. "La gratuité en droit des affaires." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010296.
Full textFrom a general point of view, the whole doctrine thinks that the gratuitousness does not belong to the essence of business law. However, the notion of " free-of-charge act" fulfilled in business law, does not exclude research for savings or speculation. Besides, the free-of-charge act does exist in commercial law. But business law is neither altruist nor philanthropist. Apparently, gratuitousness is a notion coming from civil law, which does not seem applicable in business law. In order to distinguish the free-of-charge act from the costly act, the doctrine has arisen three criteria: the formal one, the material one and the intentional one. In this way of thinking, there is no unique conception of free-of-charge in french law. We notice that the gratuitousness is more and more vigorous in the area of business. The gratuitousness in business law is influenced by different characteristics: the social interest, its original basis. The gratuitousness' beneficiary, foundations, sponsorship, consumers, employees, shareholders. . . The gratuitousness' value, the gratuitousness' fiscal deduction. An act without any compensation is considered as being out of social interest field. As for the manager of the company, who decides to give without compensation for his company, social interest is opposed to direct or indirect personal interest. In return, these donation's beneficiaries must necessarily bring something to the company. The gratuitousness is usually allowed by the legislator in a limited value, or, must come into the slight proportions regarding the company's financially capacities. When the gratuitousness is legal, it is considered as a fiscal deduction from the fiscal administration. In business law, the "free of charge" act is defined as an exceptional and facultative management act, which equals to a deductible (or partially) financial charge. Therefore, the donator's patrimony is diminished to the benefit of an economic entity, which is legally independent. This act must be achieved for the interest of the company, without any direct financial compensation
Leborgne, Céline. "La gratuité en droit social : essai sur le régime juridique du travail gratuit." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20008.
Full textApproaching the issue of free services in social laws, and more especially the issue of voluntary work, may seem highly paradoxical. Social laws are based on the costly relations of work, thus they seem very unfamiliar to this idea. As a matter of principle, work and wages are commonly tightly linked together. However, socials laws are not unfamiliar to voluntary work. But an ambivalent attitude resulting from a slow evolution definitely needs to be raised : from denying the principle of free services, social laws are now evolving and showing a progressive and partial importance to them. In fact, voluntary work does prove to be a real factor of social relation ship. As a matter of fact, by taking into account voluntary work, social laws result in the change of the free nature of the services as well as the evolution of the judicial system. In fact, the integration of free services into the sphere of social laws sometimes affects noticeably the real scope of the free services originally put forward by the free service provider and the beneficiary. Also, since they also aim at unpaid work these days, social laws carry out a new definition of their exclusively professional function
Leverbe, Emmanuelle. "Essai sur l'altruisme en droit civil." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU2004.
Full textMany factors tell in favour of limitation of an overvaluing of altruism in civil law to a qualification of an essay : this word knows no application in positive law, there is no comprehensive doctrinal study on the subject and this quality seem, at first sight, to be on few terms with law. Why and how such a virtuous behaviour should deserve to be taken in account by legal rules? Altruism, who's kept as plain and ideal vision, proceeds, from the unselfish concern for other's good felt by the generous author, he expects no counterpart for his gesture. This criterion allows bringing altruism and the traditional notion in civil law of free of charge deed in close relationship. This latter is characterized by existence of liberal intent, deemed as the justification of the free agreement. The search for a definition of altruism fits accordingly into the scope of cause's notion. It appears that the consideration of gratuitousness remains in civil law too objectively and understood to accurately translate the cause of regard to other's good. Altruism's justification deserves to be considered in subjunctive's terms. The show up of a cause's notion suitable for altruism's specificity allows suggesting a comprehensive classifying of free behaviour. The subjectivism necessary to qualify the phenomenon sets it recurrently bounds to "lawlessness". Yet, the analysis of some legal requirement submitted to the validity of the generous deal leads to a paradoxical result : altruism doesn't enforce obedience to a genuine and homogeneous rule. Law let to human soul, generous or not, her whole mystery