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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrat de franchise'
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1
Coiquaud, Urwana, and Isabelle Martin. "Entre salariat et indépendance : analyse juridique et économique de la relation franchisé-franchiseur." Articles 72, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041094ar.
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Le contrat de franchise consiste à transmettre au franchisé le savoir-faire du franchiseur, moyennant des contreparties financières. Cependant, la transmission de ce savoir-faire va au-delà de la simple mise à disposition d’une « recette ». Elle se prolonge par une assistance de tous les instants délivrée par le franchiseur au franchisé. À certains égards, cette relation contractuelle ne ressemble-t-elle pas à celle d’un employeur avec le salarié ? Cet article étudie la relation émanant de ce contrat à l’aide des facteurs juridiques (le caractère subordonnant de la relation contractuelle) et économiques (la puissance économique du franchiseur) qui la structurent. L’étude s’appuie tant sur une analyse sociojuridique de la jurisprudence québécoise (1994-2016) au moyen d’une appréhension du contenu relationnel de ce contrat, que sur la littérature économique dans le but de comprendre les éléments de subordination et de puissance économique qui empreignent cette relation. Le constat révèle que la relation de franchise comporte de fortes composantes de subordination et d’inégalité de puissance économique pour le franchisé, engendrant un assujettissement aussi réel que celui mis en place par le salariat, même s’il n’est pas institué formellement par le contrat de franchisage. Plusieurs pistes d’action sont proposées. Si la requalification de certains contrats de franchise en contrat de travail semble une avenue préconisée par plusieurs pays, nos tribunaux y sont peu enclins. La deuxième piste d’action résiderait dans l’adoption d’une loi encadrant l’établissement et le contenu des contrats de franchise afin de réduire l’asymétrie informationnelle existante entre franchiseur et franchisé, ainsi que de mieux encadrer les qualités du « concept » sur lequel s’appuient les franchiseurs pour séduire les franchisés. Une troisième piste serait de reconnaître l’inégalité de puissance économique, point de départ de la reconnaissance « d’un droit de la dépendance dans l’indépendance » capable d’appréhender ces multiples situations d’entrepreneuriat dépendant dont la franchise n’est qu’un exemple.
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Baeck, Joke, and Ton Hartlief. "Goodwill Compensation after Termination of a Franchise Contract: Comparative Perspectives on Cour de Cassation 23 October 2012 (No. 11-21.978)." European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 6 (December 1, 2014): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014069.
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Abstract: In the case decided by the French Cour de Cassation on 23 October 2012, a franchisee invoked the rules on unjustified enrichment to claim compensation for loss of clientele (also referred to as 'goodwill compensation') resulting from the termination of the franchise contract. The Cour de Cassation dismissed the claim of the franchisee, stating that the rules on unjustified enrichment may not be invoked if the alleged enrichment of the defendant and the alleged impoverishment of the claimant find their justification in the execution or termination of a contract entered into by the claimant and the defendant. The following reports examine how this case would be resolved in seven other European jurisdictions - Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, Italy and the Netherlands - as well as under the Draft Common Frame of Reference. The overall conclusion is that all the examined jurisdictions are reluctant to allow an unjustified enrichment claim for loss of clientele after termination of a franchise contract. However, in almost all the examined jurisdictions, legal scholars and courts seem to look for alternative ways to grant a franchisee, under certain conditions, a goodwill compensation after termination of the franchise contract, e.g. by applying the specific statutory rules concerning commercial agency by way of analogy to franchisees. Résumé: S'étant vu notifier la fin de son contrat de franchise, un franchisé avait invoqué les règles de l'enrichissement sans cause pour obtenir du franchiseur une indemnité pour perte de clientèle. Dans son arrêt du 23 octobre 2012, la Cour de cassation française rejette cette demande, en statuant que « les règles gouvernant l'enrichissement sans cause ne peuvent être invoquées dès lors que l'appauvrissement et l'enrichissement allégués trouvent leur cause dans l'exécution ou la cessation de la convention conclue entre les parties ». Les rapports suivants examinent comment cette affaire serait résolue dans sept autres juridictions européennes - en Allemagne, en Belgique, en Estonie, en Irlande et au Royaume-Uni, en Italie et aux Pays-Bas - ainsi que selon les règles du Projet de cadre commun de référence. La conclusion générale est que toutes les juridictions examinées sont réticentes à accorder au franchisé, sur le fondement de l'enrichissement sans cause, une indemnité pour perte de clientèle après la cessation du contrat de franchise. Toutefois, dans la plupart des juridictions examinées, des auteurs et des juges cherchent des solutions alternatives pour accorder au franchisé, sous certaines conditions, une indemnité pour perte de clientèle après la cessation du contrat de franchise, notamment en appliquant les règles spécifiques du contrat d'agence commerciale par analogie au contrat de franchise.
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Pranoto, Ersan Suria. "An Overview of Franchising In The Hospitality Industry." Binus Business Review 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v1i1.1062.
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Nowadays, franchising is the most significant part in the hospitality industry through hotels and fast food restaurant. Franchisor gives the right to the franchisee to sell their product and service also to sub franchise it and worked under their brand name. Furthermore, in franchising there must be a contract between the franchisor and the franchisee which include the term and condition. Franchises include some aspects such as, screening, site selection, operating manuals and the pre opening. However, there are some advantages and disadvantages for both the franchisor and the franchisee. The expansion of franchise can be achieved through different strategies of distribution and the knowledge of the targeted market. The future of franchise can be gained through strategies of distribution system, which could emerge the entrepreneur into the majority economy and business.
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Essoussi, Mounir. "L'Independance Juridique Dans Le Contrat De Franchise." القانون و السياسة, no. 2 (2014): 61–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0012411.
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Yeung, Ruth M. W., Maureen Brookes, and Levent Altinay. "The hospitality franchise purchase decision making process." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 5 (May 9, 2016): 1009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2014-0399.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the hospitality franchise purchase decision-making process undertaken by franchisees in Macau as an emerging tourism destination and the role of national culture on purchasing a franchise brand and selecting a potential franchisor. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 franchisees in Macau, who purchased international and domestic hospitality franchise brands, were conducted to understand the feelings, attitudes and motivation of franchisees toward purchasing a hospitality franchise. Findings The study reveals that national culture can play an important role in franchisees’ decision-making process. Personal networks of friends and family (guanxi) are very influential in introducing and steering aspiring entrepreneurs toward franchising as an option to realize their ambitions, although there may be some limitations to franchisees with this approach. Guanxi was also found to be particularly relevant during negotiations and franchisees’ post-purchase reviews. Practical implications International franchisors should understand the importance of guanxi at different stages of the franchisees’ decision-making process. Franchisees should realize how a reliance on guanxi might negatively affect their efforts to undertake sufficient research to thoroughly evaluate the franchisor offer before contract signature. Originality/value A comprehensive hospitality franchisee decision-making purchase framework is developed, which includes the cultural context and cultural values. Guanxi, in particular, affects the franchisee decision-making process.
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Wulandari, Retno. "Legal Protection of Franchisee in Franchise Contract Which Franchisor Unilaterally Terminates." NORMA 18, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i1.1288.
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The Franchisor and the Franchisee's engagement tends to be based on the value of business profits alone. The document that becomes evidence (franchise agreement) tends to be poorly understood by the Franchisee, which can cause legal problems for him. One of the legal issues that can occur is the unilateral termination of the Franchisor to the Franchisee. Franchise agreements tend to be standardized, which comes from the Franchisor. These conditions make the Franchisee obliged to understand the agreement's contents well so that the franchise agreement is not terminated unilaterally by the Franchisor. This study aims to find out and analyze how legal protection for franchisee is based on franchise agreement. This research method is a normative legal research approach. The result of this study is unilateral termination of the franchise agreement will undoubtedly cause various legal problems for the parties bound in the franchise agreement.Keywords: Termination, Agreement, Franchise.
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Andika, I. Gusti Ngurah Md Rama, Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, and Ida Ayu Putu Widiati. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Franchisee Akibat Pemutusan Sepihak dalam Perjanjian Franchise." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 2, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.2.3.3989.491-495.
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In the implementation of a franchise agreement, it is not uncommon for the agreement not to be implemented due to a unilateral termination by the franchisor. Considering that the franchisee in the franchise agreement is in a weaker position, in the event of a unilateral termination, it will suffer a large loss. However, in the laws and regulations, there are no clear arrangements for the protection of franchisees who experience unilateral termination who actually experience losses. The purpose of this study is to analyze the franchise agreement may be terminated unilaterally by the franchisor and the legal protection of the franchisee against the unilateral termination of the franchise agreement by the franchisor. This study uses normative legal research methods using primary legal materials, with the types of approaches used are statutory approaches, case approaches and conceptual approaches. Legal sources are then analyzed systematically. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that basically the franchise agreement cannot be terminated unilaterally unless the void conditions stated in the contract have been fulfilled and legal protection for the franchisee against the losses he has suffered can be sued for compensation based on default.
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PHAN, PHILLIP H., JOHN E. BUTLER, and SOO HOON LEE. "LEARNING: KEY TO LEVERAGING THE VALUE OF A FRANCHISE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 01, no. 03n04 (January 1994): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000057.
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The organizational learning dynamics inherent in the franchise relationship provide the primary focus for this research. By encoding knowledge of the skills needed to suceed within the contractual arrangement, the franchisor can short cut the learning process for the franchisee. Once the franchising arrangement is established, both franchisees and franchisors have vested interest in maintaining high levels of organizational learning. In this research a model is presented that incorporates these learning dynamics, and relates them to entrepreneurial returns. Using a sample of heavy-duty truck franchisees, the relationship between different types of organizational learning and performance are explored. The results indicate that the franchising contract may actually act to limit the returns to the franchise relationship. Instead, it may encourage the franchisee to direct their learning efforts to skew returns in their favor. Successful franchisees were found to systematically value the franchise contractual and non-contractual information content more than less successful franchisees.
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Farida, Intan. "Klausul-Klausul Dalam Perjanjian Franchise Terhadap Pihak Yang Berat Sebelah." Law, Development and Justice Review 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v4i2.14968.
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Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Klausul-Klausul Dalam Perjanjian Franchise Terhadap Pihak Yang Berat Sebelah, secara khusus tujuannya adalah menetahui ketimpangan antara kedudukan franchisor dan franchisee pada perjanjian waralaba jika dikaji dengan asas-asas hukum. Metode penelitian yang diuankan adalah penelaitian hukum yang emngguankan pendekatan perundang undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pada perjanjian franchise restoran Serba Wenak, dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat ketimpangan antara kedudukan franchisor dan franchisee, dimana franchisor sebagai pemberi waralaba menetapkan beberapa klausul yang sebetulnya memberatkan franchisee. Hak dan kewajiban antara keduanya tidaklah berimbang, sehingga bagi penulis hal ini tidak memenuhi asas proporsionalitas yang seharusnya terkandung di dalam kontrak perjanjian. Pada dasarnya asas proporsionalitas merupakan perwujudan doktrin “keadilan berkontrak” yang mengoreksi dominasi asas kebebasan berkontrak yang dalam beberapa hal justru menimbulkan ketidakadilan. Sebuah perjanjian waralaba yang baik salah satu kriterianya adalah apabila perjanjian tersebut menjamin kesetaraan hak dan kewajiban antara pemberi dan penerima waralaba.AbstractThe purpose of this study is to find out the clauses in the franchise agreement against biased parties, specifically the aim is to find out the gap between the position of the franchisor and the franchisee in the franchise agreement if studied with legal principles. The research method used is legal research that uses a statutory approach. The results show that in the Serba Wenak restaurant franchise agreement, it can be said that there is an imbalance between the position of the franchisor and the franchisee, where the franchisor as the franchisor sets several clauses that actually burden the franchisee. The rights and obligations between the two are not balanced, so for the author this does not fulfill the principle of proportionality that should be contained in the contract agreement. Basically, the principle of proportionality is the embodiment of the doctrine of "fairness in contract" which corrects the dominance of the principle of freedom of contract which in some cases actually causes injustice. One of the criteria for a good franchise agreement is if the agreement guarantees equality of rights and obligations between the giver and the franchisee.
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Mehdipour, Mohammad, and Parviz Bagheri. "The Franchise Agreement in International Trade: its Advantages and Disadvantages." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (July 17, 2021): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.17.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the implications of the franchise agreement in international trade. One of the contracts that is usually registered after the appearance and registration of property rights, and especially after the development of trademark rights, is the franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is a contract entered into between the franchisor and the franchisee as the owner of the intellectual property rights. In other words, the franchisee often uses trademark rights and intellectual property rights owned by the franchisor, which have a limited duration. It is concluded that, in franchise agreement, there is a right to enforce the franchisor's business method, which is implemented within the network (this method includes the use of intellectual property rights and know-how). This contract has detailed terms and is closely related to intellectual property rights and competition rights. The franchise must be distinguished from the distribution contract, the concessionaire, and the license. Under this agreement, the franchisee enters the franchise network and agrees to use the franchisor's method of negotiation and pay royalty-free payments instead.
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Rosyadi, Miftahul, and Djunaedi Djunaedi. "Legal Protection Due to the Non-Competition Clause in Franchise Contract." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.4.1252-1260.
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This study aims to: 1) Knowing and analyzing the legal protection due to the non-competition clause in the franchise agreement, 2) Knowing and analyzing the non-competition clause that has fulfilled the elements of article 1320 of the Civil Code regarding the terms of the validity of the agreement, 3) Knowing the example of the deed franchise agreement. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical method with secondary data sources. The research specification used is descriptive analysis. Researchers used normative research specifications with secondary data sources. The secondary data used by the researcher was collected by conducting a literature study by reviewing, analyzing and then processing it into a descriptive narrative so that it was easy to read. The data analysis method used by the researcher consists of the stages that the secondary data obtained will be used for descriptive-qualitative analysis. Based on the research, it is concluded that the legal protection due to the non-competition clause in the franchise agreement of Serba Wenak Restaurant is explained that in Article 13 of the draft franchise contract regarding trade secrets that franchisees are required to keep the system, management and methods of restaurant management secret from the franchisor during their tenure. The term of the agreement lasts or has expired. One of the characteristics of the Versatile Restaurant franchise is that there must be a written agreement (contract), In this case, the Serba Wenak Restaurant franchise agreement is stated in the deed of agreement that has been agreed upon by the franchisor, represented by the company director, Mr. Drs. M. Adung Darmadung with the franchisee, Mrs. Leni Marleni.
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العامري, رشاد نعمان. "Legal Framework of Franchise Agreement Compared to the Legislation Status in Yemen." مجلة الدراسات الاجتماعية 23 (October 19, 2017): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v23i0.1236.
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Franchise is a modern style created as a need for trade to increase projects size. It differs from the authorization to use the trademark because the latter only requires licensing of the licensee's trademark, unlike the Franchise contract, in which it goes beyond the need to convey technical knowledge from Franchisor to Franchisee. In Yemen, Franchise has not received any private legal legislation till the moment, necessitating applying contract articles, contracts general principles and some provisions embodied in the texts of other laws that are suitable to be applied to some of its issues and provisions, in addition to what is inspired by provisions in foreign laws. This study aimed to distinguish franchise agreement from similar contracts that have become common in the commercial field; to identify important legal and practical problems facing franchise agreement as well as suggest solutions to address such problems; and to propose regulatory principles that can be used by the Yemeni legislator in the future when enacting laws that govern franchise agreement. To achieve these objectives, the study followed a descriptive analytical method. The study concludes that the franchise agreement has not received any special legal legislation in Yemen so far; and also the franchise agreement is characterized by a complex nature and has special features.
Keywords: Franchise, Trade mark, Technical knowledge, Franchisor, Franchisee.
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العامري, رشاد نعمان. "Legal Framework of Franchise Agreement Compared to the Legislation Status in Yemen." Journal of Social Studies 23, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v23i3.1236.
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Franchise is a modern style created as a need for trade to increase projects size. It differs from the authorization to use the trademark because the latter only requires licensing of the licensee's trademark, unlike the Franchise contract, in which it goes beyond the need to convey technical knowledge from Franchisor to Franchisee. In Yemen, Franchise has not received any private legal legislation till the moment, necessitating applying contract articles, contracts general principles and some provisions embodied in the texts of other laws that are suitable to be applied to some of its issues and provisions, in addition to what is inspired by provisions in foreign laws. This study aimed to distinguish franchise agreement from similar contracts that have become common in the commercial field; to identify important legal and practical problems facing franchise agreement as well as suggest solutions to address such problems; and to propose regulatory principles that can be used by the Yemeni legislator in the future when enacting laws that govern franchise agreement. To achieve these objectives, the study followed a descriptive analytical method. The study concludes that the franchise agreement has not received any special legal legislation in Yemen so far; and also the franchise agreement is characterized by a complex nature and has special features.
Keywords: Franchise, Trade mark, Technical knowledge, Franchisor, Franchisee.
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Perrigot, Rozenn, Andrew Terry, and Cary Di Lernia. "Good faith in franchising." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-02-2018-0043.
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PurposeThe relational nature of franchising flowing from the contract between franchisor and franchisee which enshrines a close, continuing relationship raises the issue of good faith. While there are academic papers analyzing good faith, these do not capture the practical understanding and expression of the concept and the manner and application in which it operates in the real world of franchising. The purpose of this paper is to assess how good faith is defined and understood by franchise practitioners – franchisees, franchisors and their legal advisors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have adopted a qualitative approach by conducting and analyzing a series of 18 in-depth interviews with franchisees, franchisors and lawyers specializing in franchising.FindingsThe findings show that good faith is particularly important in franchising because of the disparity in the knowledge and power of the parties. They suggest that good faith is not only a legal notion but also a notion that is linked to the personal relationship between the franchisor and its franchisees. It then plays an important role in terms of management of this relationship and of the system as a whole. Moreover, they demonstrate that there is not one single shared understanding of good faith amongst franchising practitioners. Indeed, franchisees, franchisors and specialist franchise lawyers suggested that good faith can refer to transparency, trust, loyalty, fairness and equity amongst the franchisees, fair play, frankness, respect, ethics, kindness, “best efforts” and personalities.Originality/valueThe originality of the research lies in the fact that good faith is examined through the voice of franchising practitioners who explain how they define and understand good faith rather than through a detached academic lens.
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Yaacob, Nurli, and Nasri Naiimi. "GOOD FAITH IN FRANCHISE CONTRACT." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 19 (June 10, 2020): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.519009.
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Good faith has been defined as justice, fairness, reasonableness, decency, taking no chances, and so on. The concept of good faith has long been rooted in contract law under the jurisdiction of Civil law, although the definition of it is still debated until today. However, the view of the Common Law tradition does not recognize the concept of good faith as long as the contract is entered into with the freedom of contract and both parties abide by the terms of the contract. Given that a franchise contract involves a long-term contract and always been developed, it is impossible to define both rights and responsibilities base on express terms only. As such, the franchise contract gives the franchisor the right to exercise its discretion in executing the contract. It is in this context that the element of good faith is very important to ensure that the franchisor does not take advantage of the franchisee and that the business continues to prosper. Therefore, the objective of this article is to discuss the concept of good faith in a franchise contract. The findings show that the common law system that initially rejected the application of the concept of good faith also changed its approach and began to recognize the concept of good faith as it is very important for relational contracts such as franchise contracts.
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Tremblay, Johane. "Décisions rendues par le Conseil canadien des relations du travail." Relations industrielles 42, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050367ar.
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Au cours des derniers mois, le Conseil a rendu deux décisions importantes dans le secteur des postes. Le 29 avril, le Conseil reconnaissait aux facteurs ruraux le statut d'employé au sens du paragraphe 107(1) du Code canadien du travail, alors que le 1er septembre, il concluait qu'une vente d'entreprise était survenue par suite d'un contrat de franchise conclu entre la Société canadienne des postes et Sheldon Manly Drugs Ltd. Ces deux décisions qui font encore les manchettes seront résumées dans la présente chronique.
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Gilalo, J. Jopie. "PRINCIPLES OF BALANC E IN THE FRANCHISE A GREEMENT VIEWED FROM ARTICLE 1338 OF THE CIVIL CO DE." DE RECHTSSTAAT 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v1i2.398.
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ABSTRACTBusiness franchise is already a business activity to invest quickly in a way the distribution system and marketing of a product of goods and or services. Shape franchise made with a covenant between franchisor and franchisee. Problems in the agreement, if the position between the rights and obligations of both parties had been balanced in the implementation of the bonds they created. Franchise agreement is a contract specially (not named). Based on the Law of Treaties in Indonesia Franchise agreements as was as contract law, which refers to Article 1338 of the Civil Code with the fulfillment of the terms of contract law. In addition, the legal umbrella which provides franchise business, namely in the form of regulations issued by the government for guarantees in this business, even though the principle of balance in terms of an agreement, the franchise agreement has not been providing some balance to the franchise yet.
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Perrigot, Rozenn, Guy Basset, Danièle Briand, and Gérard Cliquet. "Network uniformity and risk of reclassification of the franchise contract." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 10 (October 7, 2014): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-06-2013-0129.
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Purpose – Network uniformity is crucial in franchising, but an excessive number of imposed constraints to maintain this uniformity jeopardizes a franchisee’s independence and too much independence given to franchisees jeopardizes franchise network uniformity. So, how to find an equilibrium and avoid the reclassification of a franchise contract as a branch manager contract or as an employment contract with all its related consequences? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a multiple cases approach. The four complementary cases deal with Yves Rocher (cosmetics and body/face care), Bata (shoes), Fiventis (real estate, life insurance and tax-sheltered savings products), and France Acheminement (express transportation), all analyzed in the French context. Findings – A franchise contract can be reclassified as a branch manager contract if there is economic dependence or as an employment contract if there is a legal subordination relationship. These reclassifications have not only financial consequences, but also an impact in terms of image. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on secondary data. Collecting data along with interviews of franchisors and franchisees would be beneficial. Practical implications – The research is of specific interest to franchisors, franchise experts and lawyers in terms of minimizing the possible risks of facing such types of reclassification of franchise contracts. It can also inform franchisees who may be running their businesses under such conditions. Originality/value – This paper uses a business and law approach in order to analyze the paradox of network uniformity and franchisee autonomy and raises the question of “how to find equilibrium?”
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Ramadhan, Rilo Fisyahril, and Yudho Taruno Muryanto. "ASAS KEKUATAN MENGIKAT DALAM KONTRAK WARALABAYANG MENGALAMI PERUBAHAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP FRANCHISEE BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 42 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG WARALABA." Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 7, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v7i2.43017.
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<p>Abstract<br />This article aimed to find out the form of legal protection for franchisee in franchise contract that is amended based on Government Regulation Number 42 of 2007 about Franchise. This study was a normative law research that is prescriptive in nature using statute and conceptual approaches. This study employed primary, secondary, and tertiary law materials. The methods of collecting data used were library study and the law material collected was then analyzed using deductive method. This research finally found that the form of law protection for franchisee in franchise agreement as mentioned in Government Regulation Number 42 of 2007 about Franchise has not given consequence about the change of franchise contract and has not given law protection yet to franchisee because of the clauses about the termination of contract usually subjected to the franchisor’s assessment. However, if one party makes another suffering from loss or does not perform the agreement in which it is the franchisee is thee weak or harmed party, the lost/harmed party can take legal attempt for getting compensation. It was consistent with the provision of Articles 1238 – 1243 of KUH Perdata (Civil Code). <br />Keywords: Legal Protection; Franchise agreement or contract; contract amendment</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap franchisee dalam kontrak waralaba yang mengalami perubahan berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 tahun 2007 tentang Waralaba. Penulisan hukum ini merupakan penulisan hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif, bahan hukum yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 tahun 2007 tentang waralaba belum memberikan konsekuensi tentang perubahan kontrak waralaba, sehingga ketentuan ini belum memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada franchisee dalam perubahan kontrak waralaba, karena klausula tentang pemutusan perjanjian tunduk pada penilaian franchisor. Apabila salah satu pihak merugikan pihak lain atau wanprestasi yang mana franchisee lah pihak yang lemah dan dirugikan, maka pihak yang dirugikan dapat menuntut ganti rugi. Hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 1238 sampai dengan Pasal 1243 KUHPerdata.<br />Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Perjanjian Waralaba; Perubahan Kontrak</p>
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Bardey, David, and Romain Lesur. "Contrat d'assurance maladie optimal et risque moral ex ante: Quand peut-on s'affranchir d'une franchise?" Revue économique 55, no. 5 (September 2004): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3503302.
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Afifah, Andi Nur, Sohrah, and Muslimin Kara. "Royalty Fee Bisnis Waralaba Ritel di Kota Makassar dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah." NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v7i1.296.
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The aim of this research was to determine and understand the royalty fees for retail store franchise business in the perspective of Islamic economic law in the city of Makassar. This research was a type of qualitative descriptive research (non-statistical) using normative, phenomenological, and sociological approaches. Findings of this research revealed that: First, the franchise of company X with its franchisee was in accordance with the Islamic law, there was no element of fraud in terms of contracts and agreements which was implemented in transparency. While, the franchise of company Y and its franchisee, there were different perceptions of policies related to the contract and franchise agreement, namely the absence of a written signing so that it was not in accordance with sharia, but both parties agreed on considerations and amendment policies that made specifically by the franchisee. Second, the implementation of royalty fees between the two companies had been carried out in transparency. The difference of both companies and their franchisees was from the policy of late payment of royalty fees. Company X and its franchisee used a maximum three-month deadline with an interest system, this was not adjusted to Islamic law because interest includes usury. Then, company Y and its franchisee would absolutely not use the delay system policy, because the royalty fee would automatically be deducted from the franchisee's cashback by purchasing products at Company Y.
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Setiawan, Muhammad Tommy, Achmad Busro, and Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo. "Asas Keseimbangan Sebagai Indikator Keadilan di Dalam Perjanjian Baku." Notarius 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nts.v14i2.43782.
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Everyone has the freedom to enter into any agreement provided that it does not conflict with applicable laws, morality and public order. Franchisee candidates are given the freedom to choose to accept or reject the agreement (take it or leave it) by not participating in determining its contents. This article discusses the issue of the benchmarks of fairness in the franchise agreement between the franchisor and the franchisee and the legal consequences of injustice that occurs in the agreement. The method used is normative juridical. The results of the study found that the agreement was legal according to law, as for the contents of the contract which were considered unfair by some parties, this did not cause the cancellation of the contract application. The parties who have agreed and agreed to the contract (take it) and also signed the contract so that they must bear the legal consequences that arise, except when an element of fraud and oversight is found, then the other party gets a wrong or wrong understanding of the contract, both parties should have good intentions to solve the problem.Keywords: Standard Agreement; Franchisee; JusticeAbstrakSetiap orang memiliki kebebasan untuk mengadakan segala perjanjian dengan ketentuan tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang yang berlaku, kesusilaan dan ketertiban umum. Calon Franchisee diberikan kebebasan untuk memilih menerima atau menolak perjanjian tersebut dengan tidak ikut serta menentukan isinya. Artikel ini membahas persoalan tentang tolok ukur keadilan di dalam perjanjian franchise antara franchisor dan franchisee serta akibat hukum atas ketidakdilan yang terjadi dalam perjanjian tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perjanjian tersebut sah menurut hukum, adapun terkait isi kontrak yang dinilai tidak adil oleh sebagian pihak, hal tersebut tidak menyebabkan dibatalkannya permohonan kontrak. Para pihak yang telah sepakat dan menyetujui kontrak (take it) serta ikut bertandatangan sehingga harus menanggung konsekuensi hukum yang ditimbulkan, kecuali ketika ditemukan adanya unsur penipuan dan kekhilafan, maka pihak lain mendapat pemahaman yang keliru atau salah tentang kontrak seharusnya kedua belah beri’tikad baik guna menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut.Kata kunci : Perjanjian Baku; Franchisee; Keadilan
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Ghantous, Nabil, and Shobha S. Das. "International franchising and performance: a resource-based perspective." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 744–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2017-0244.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate international franchise performance. It focuses on how franchisors conceive their international performance, the drivers of their international performance, and how age-at-entry moderates the impact of their resources and capabilities (R&C) on international performance. Design/methodology/approach Using the lens of the resource-based view of the firm, the authors build on franchisor voice from a qualitative study (n=28) to propose a research model of international franchise performance. A second, quantitative study (n=89) tests the model with PLS structural equation modeling. Findings Franchisors view international performance in terms of relationship satisfaction with foreign franchisees and performance in comparison to competitors. The empirical results show that relationship satisfaction significantly improves comparative performance. Both franchisor-owned resources, the brand and knowhow, enhance only comparative performance, while all three international relational capabilities, related to knowhow transfer, monitoring, and contract design, and both reconfigurational capabilities, related to organizational responsiveness and innovativeness, improve relationship satisfaction. Only contract design and innovativeness increase comparative performance. Finally, late internationalization reinforces franchisor ability to leverage relational and reconfigurational capabilities for better relationship satisfaction. Originality/value This paper contributes to research on international franchise performance. It uses a mixed-method design and offers the first quantitative investigation of the drivers of international franchise performance. This research also integrates the role of franchisor R&C with franchisor strategic choices, through the moderating effect of internationalization timing.
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Fadairo, Muriel, Joseph Kaswengi, Cintya Lanchimba, and Eugênio José Silva Bitti. "Protection du capital marque et nouvelles dynamiques géographiques : un travail empirique sur la franchise au Brésil." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 36, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07673701211009055.
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Cet article s’intéresse aux clauses contractuelles dans les contrats de franchise. Le succès de ces contrats peut dépendre du marché. La franchise commerciale repose sur le partage, au sein d’un réseau, d’une marque et d’un concept développés par le franchiseur. En tant qu’actifs immatériels, marques et concepts n’ont pas tous la même valeur. Ainsi, nous examinons l’impact de l’organisation spatiale sur les contrats de franchise impliquant la marque-mère dans le marché brésilien. Les travaux antérieurs, basés sur la théorie de l’agence ont montré que la présence de points de vente distants amène le franchiseur à choisir un mécanisme de paiement conçu pour fournir un maximum d’incitations aux franchisés, soit une faible redevance et un droit d’entrée élevé. A partir de données de panel brésiliennes uniques, nous montrons que la dispersion spatiale du réseau produit le résultat inverse. Ce nouvel éclairage suggère qu’il est nécessaire de protéger la marque dans le contexte d’un marché émergent. Par ailleurs, les clauses monétaires et les outils alternatifs jouent un rôle important dans la protection et l’assistance envers la marque.
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Kwak, Won Jun. "Effects of Contractual Factors in Social Franchise on Franchisee Trust in Franchisor and Franchisee Intention of Contract Retention." Korean Academic Association of Business Administration 32, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 721–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18032/kaaba.2019.32.4.721.
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Zheng, Xu (Vivian), David A. Griffith, Ling Ge, and Uri Benoliel. "Effects of Contract Ambiguity in Interorganizational Governance." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242920910096.
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This work introduces the concept of contract ambiguity from the law literature into the interorganizational governance literature. Within the context of franchising, the authors present a three-study multimethod design empirically establishing the construct of contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations, providing new insights into the strategic design of contracts and their outcomes. In Study 1, the authors establish construct validity by demonstrating that contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations is distinct from contract specificity and contract completeness of franchisor obligations, with differential outcomes. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors demonstrate that contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations increases an interest-based (vs. a rights-based) conflict solving approach, implying greater cooperation and joint problem solving, and reduces franchisee-initiated litigation. The findings also indicate that while contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations decreases franchisee-initiated litigation, this effect is amplified by higher levels of franchisor training programs but mitigated by the presence of a franchisee association. The article closes with a discussion of implications for academics and practitioners.
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Jordan, Yohanes. "Tanggung Jawab Franchisor atas Kesalahan Branding Image ditinjau Buku III Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata." Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrih.v1i1.178.
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Abstract. Brand image, is an association of all available information about the products, services and companies of the brand in question. Image of the brand, associated with attitudes in the form of beliefs and preferences towards the brand. Positive belief in a brand, allows consumers to make purchases of products with that brand. The higher the brand image of a product, the higher the prestige value obtained by consumers. Franchising is a system in the marketing of goods and services that involves two parties (the franchisor and the franchisee), this system is a way to expand the business by transmitting success. Thus, in this system there must be a successful business actor first where the success he gets will be disseminated to other parties. In running a franchise business, the franchisor may make mistakes in carrying out policies for business continuity. because of a mistake in branding, their products, which were initially liked by the community, began to be abandoned by the community or even avoided by the community. The mistake made the public no longer trust and began to avoid the product which would have an impact on the sale of the product, the franchisee who did not make a mistake was also affected by the avoidance of the product they sold which resulted in losses to them. The purpose of this study is to understand how the franchisor is responsible for branding image errors that cause losses in franchise business activities. The results obtained that the franchisor's responsibility for branding image errors needs to be seen that the act is liability based on fault or contractual liability. if what is done violates the contract, the franchisee can ask the franchisor to pay compensation based on 1243 KUH Perdata. However, if what is being done is against the law, the franchisee as the injured party must be able to prove the element of error committed by the franchisor that the act is indeed an unlawful act based 1865 KUH Perdata.
Abstrak. Citra merek, merupakan asosiasi dari semua informasi yang tersedia mengenai produk, jasa dan perusahaan dari merek yang dimaksud. Citra terhadap merek, berhubungan dengan sikap yang berupa keyakinan dan prefensi terhadap merek. Keyakinan yang positif terhadap suatu merek, memungkinkan konsumen untuk melakukan pembelian terhadap produk dengan merek tersebut. Semakin tinggi citra merek suatu produk maka semakin tinggi pula nilai prestis yang didapat oleh konsumen. Waralaba merupakan suatu sistem dalam pemasaran barang dan jasa yang melibatkan dua pihak ( Franchisor dan Franchisee), sistem ini merupakan suatu kiat untuk memperluas usaha dengan cara menularkan sukses. Dengan demikian dalam sistem ini harus terdapat pelaku bisnis yang sukses terlebih dahulu dimana kesuksesan yang diperolehnya tersebut akan disebarluaskan kepada pihak lain. Dalam pelaksanaan usaha waralaba bisa saja terjadi kesalahan dari franchisor dalam menjalankan usahanya, karena kesalahan melakukan branding, produk mereka yang mulanya disukai oleh masyarakat, mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat atau bahkan dihindari oleh masyarakat. Kesalahan tersebut membuat masyarakat tidak lagi mempercayai dan mulai menghindari produk tersebut yang tentunya berdampak terhadap penjualan produk tersebut, pihak franchisee yang tidak melakukan kesalahan pun ikut terkena dampak dari dihindarinya produk yang mereka jual yang mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana pertanggungjawaban dari pemberi waralaba atas kesalahan branding image yang menyebabkan kerugian dalam kegiatan usaha waralaba. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan franchisor atas kesalahan branding image perlu dilihat bahwa perbuatan tersebut termasuk dalam perbuatan melawan hukum atau perbuatan wanprestasi, jika yang dilakukan merupakan suatu perbuatan wanprestasi maka pihak franchisee dapat meminta pihak franchisor untuk membayar ganti rugi berdasarkan pasal 1243 KUH Perdata. Namun jika yang dilakukan merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum pihak franchisee selaku pihak yang dirugikan harus bisa membuktikan unsur kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pihak franchisor bahwa perbuatan tersebut memang perbuatan melawan hukum, dengan kata lain beban pembuktian ada pada pihak penggugat sebagaimana yang ditetapkan pada pasal 1865 KUH Perdata.
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Yudia Aristika, Dewa Ayu Dinda, and I. Made Sarjana. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM RITEL SKALA KECIL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN WARALABA RITEL." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 8 (July 3, 2022): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2022.v10.i08.p19.
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Ritel skala kecil merupakan usaha yang menjual barang-barang kebutuhan pokok secara eceran didirikan oleh orang perseorangan dengan modal dan dilaksanakan pula oleh orang perseorangan. Ritel modern saat ini berkembang dan menjadi usaha waralaba, yang perkembangannya dengan pangsa pasar mencapai hampir 70%. Perkembangan waralaba ritel yang semakin berkembang ini memiliki banyak dampak positif dan juga negative bagi masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk legalitas dari waralaba ritel dan juga perlindungan hukum terhadap usaha ritel skala kecil. Dalam penulisan jurnal ilmiah ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Pendekatan perundang-undangan (the statue approach) digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ilmiah ini. Bahan sekunder Jurnal Ilmiah ini menggunakan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah, dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 42 Tahun 2007 tentang Waralaba serta buku-buku hukum. Pembuatan perjanjian atau persetujuan antara franchise dengan franchisor menggunakan asas kebebasan berkontrak yang diatur dalam Pasal 1338 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Perlindungan hukum terhadap usaha ritel skala kecil dengan adanya waralaba ritel, yaitu pelaku usaha ritel skala kecil dikecualikan dalam larangan praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat.
Small-scale retail is a business that sells basic necessities in retail, established by individuals with capital and also carried out by individuals. Modern retail is currently developing and becoming a franchise business, which is growing with a market share of almost 70%. The development of this growing retail franchise has many positive and negative impacts on the local community. This study aims at the legality of retail franchises and also legal protection for small-scale retail businesses. In writing this scientific journal using normative research methods. The statue approach was used in the preparation of this scientific article. This Scientific Journal secondary material uses Law no. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, Law no. 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 concerning Franchise and law books. Making an agreement or agreement between the franchise and the franchisor using the principle of freedom of contract as regulated in Article 1338 of the Civil Code. Legal protection for small-scale retail businesses with the existence of retail franchises, namely small-scale retail business actors are excluded from the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition.
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Zhukov, V. A., and A. D. Chudnovskii. "Formation of the hotel business model based on the network management form." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (April 12, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-3-54-60.
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The competitive advantages, acquired by hotels using the network form of business organization, have been highlighted. Based on the analysis of the diverse opinions of specialists, the concept of a «hotel chain» has been clarified. Тhe difference between the concepts of «hotel chain» and «hotel brand» has been shown. The features of the formation of hotel chains in Russia have been emphasized. A management contract and its components, that require agreement between the hotel operator and the owner of an independent hotel, have been considered. The prospectivity for an independent hotel to conclude with a hotel operator of a franchise agreement with a view to joining the network has been shown. The data on the amount of franchisee contributions to franchisor from various hotel operators for certain hotel brands in 2018 have been presented.
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Gorovaia, Nina. "Determinants, transactional alignment, and performance outcomes of franchise contract length." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 7 (November 13, 2018): 714–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2017-0245.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants, transactional alignment and performance outcomes of franchise contract length using transaction costs theory (TCT) and resource-based theory (RBT). Design/methodology/approach The author hypothesizes that franchisors choose contract length according to TCT and RBT arguments. TCT explains the safeguarding function of contracts: the franchisors will offer longer contracts when franchisees’ specific investments are high and environmental uncertainty is low. RBT highlights the knowledge leverage function of contracts: the franchisors will offer longer contracts when the brand name and intangible knowledge assets are high. Franchise companies that design contract length aligned with transactional attributes will perform better. The author tests the misalignment hypothesis and comparative performance of franchise contracts by estimating two-stage least squares regression and Heckman two-stage procedure that control for endogeneity and self-selection. Findings Empirical data from the German franchise sector support the hypotheses. In addition to the safeguarding function, franchise contracts have an important knowledge leverage function. Longer contracts perform better due to the development of relational strategic assets and stronger commitment. Research limitations/implications Franchisors must offer longer contracts when specific investments of franchisees, brand name, intangible knowledge assets are high, and environmental uncertainty is low. Franchisors should invest in the development of relational strategic assets and offer longer contracts for the benefit of superior performance. Originality/value The study addresses the significant question of transactional alignment and comparative performance of franchise contracts. It empirically confirms the importance of RBT in explaining contractual choices and performance.
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Triyana, Lily. "ASPEK YURIDIS PERJANJIAN BUSINESS FRANCHISE DI INDONESIA." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v10i1.256.
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In Indonesia there is no regulation about franchise. Same thing is also experienced of many state, for example English and Australian. No special regulation about franchising can be consedered to be good news or is bad news. The bad news is wth no special guidance, hence goodnesss of franchisor amd also of franchisee have to reckon on written agreement in cooperation contract. Irts meaning both parties have to neglectless and meticulous to the what agreed on. Protection of other decision which arrange an cooperation of Franchising represent the source of which whereas can be made by guidance do complied agreement have the basis for real correct and fair. Association of franhcising generally realese code of ethic of franchising.good news of inexistence regulation of area of franchising is goodness of franchisor and fracnhisee earn free compromise whateverly. As hold of legal fundament of agreement of franchise in Indonesia is freedom contract such as those which arranged in section 1338 KUH Perdata and by concidering conditions of section 1338 KUHP Perdata. Law contract in Indonesia embrace open system meaning that each and everyone is free to make all kinds of contract. In section 1338 KUH Perdata contained by the following rule all made contract lawfully will bind over them making it own. In the case conditions of 1320 section of KUH this Perdata is fulfilled by hence comand of section 1338 KUH Perdata. The making agreement act as code/law to all party. So franchise, and vitally hence to all party arrange agreement content detail.Solving of dispute represent problem which in many is important to licencer, specially In the case of giving of license. Right of intellectual properties in the form of trade secret. Solving of dispute which is through jurisdiction forum, it is though enabled to be emphasized in conference closed (for the secret of trade) felt concerned abaout by licencer party will become an openly forum to receiver of license which do not good mine. To avoid the mentioned hence better each ; every dispute realted to agreement of giving license finished in framework of alternative of is solving of dispute, including in it arbitrase.Ordinary license agreement unlike giving of agreement of license of franchise. If at giving of agreement of license usually only covering giving of permission cover all sort of kinds of intellectual property that appliances bought or rented from him. Besides so-called above, agreement of franchise are; giving of license abaout name of trading, model brand, desain, ets. Rules that can be grouped in the field of contractual law and in the field of law about intellectual property.
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Triana, Lily. "ASPEK YURIDIS PERJANJIAN BUSINESS FRANCHISE DI INDONESIA." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v10i1.263.
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In Indonesia there is no regulation about franchise. Same thing is also experienced of many state, for example English and Australian. No special regulation about franchising can be consedered to be good news or is bad news. The bad news is wth no special guidance, hence goodnesss of franchisor amd also of franchisee have to reckon on written agreement in cooperation contract. Irts meaning both parties have to neglectless and meticulous to the what agreed on. Protection of other decision which arrange an cooperation of Franchising represent the source of which whereas can be made by guidance do complied agreement have the basis for real correct and fair. Association of franhcising generally realese code of ethic of franchising.good news of inexistence regulation of area of franchising is goodness of franchisor and fracnhisee earn free compromise whateverly. As hold of legal fundament of agreement of franchise in Indonesia is freedom contract such as those which arranged in section 1338 KUH Perdata and by concidering conditions of section 1338 KUHP Perdata. Law contract in Indonesia embrace open system meaning that each and everyone is free to make all kinds of contract. In section 1338 KUH Perdata contained by the following rule all made contract lawfully will bind over them making it own. In the case conditions of 1320 section of KUH this Perdata is fulfilled by hence comand of section 1338 KUH Perdata. The making agreement act as code/law to all party. So franchise, and vitally hence to all party arrange agreement content detail.Solving of dispute represent problem which in many is important to licencer, specially In the case of giving of license. Right of intellectual properties in the form of trade secret. Solving of dispute which is through jurisdiction forum, it is though enabled to be emphasized in conference closed (for the secret of trade) felt concerned abaout by licencer party will become an openly forum to receiver of license which do not good mine. To avoid the mentioned hence better each ; every dispute realted to agreement of giving license finished in framework of alternative of is solving of dispute, including in it arbitrase.Ordinary license agreement unlike giving of agreement of license of franchise. If at giving of agreement of license usually only covering giving of permission cover all sort of kinds of intellectual property that appliances bought or rented from him. Besides so-called above, agreement of franchise are; giving of license abaout name of trading, model brand, desain, ets. Rules that can be grouped in the field of contractual law and in the field of law about intellectual property.
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Melianus T, Giovanni, I. Nyoman Budiana, and Sheanny Scolastika. "JURIDICAL ANALYSIS ON THE LEGAL CHOICE CLAUSE AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT." Journal Equity of Law and Governance 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/elg.1.1.3243.37-47.
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Collaboration in the trade sector both at the national and international levels in the form of a franchise looks simple, but behind it, there are various problems that require attention from both the public or parties as well as from the Indonesian government. This is because the franchise agreement conducted by the parties often involves foreign parties who have a different legal system from Indonesia. This situation has the potential to create a conflict of law. Therefore, this study aims to provide legal solutions to disputes that may occur between the franchisor and the franchisee so that neither parties is burdened because of the lack of laws covering it. Normative legal research is used to analysis the problem of this research. The data source of this research uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials related to clauses in the franchise agreement. Likewise, for the settlement of disputes on an agreement that has not yet determined the choice of law, several theories in international civil law can be used, such as the lex loci contractus theory, the lex loci solutionis, the proper law of contract, and the theory of the most characteristic connection to find laws that should apply (lex cause) For the settlement of legal disputes (conflict of law), especially in franchise agreements, the settlement of disputes does not have to go through litigation or court but can be resolved through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) including arbitration institutions, which have the advantage of solving them, namely efficiency ( cost and time).
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Vdovichen, Vitalii, and Oleksandr Voroniatnikov. "FRANCHISE AGREEMENT IN ROMANIA AS A FORM TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-27-32.
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The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal nature of the franchise agreement in Romania. Franchising has become one of the most effective tools for economic activity and profiting in this country, and the franchising agreement is a form, in which all aspects of this activity are reflected: the rights and obligations of the parties, the price of the franchise, the duration of the franchise relations, transactions between the franchisor and the franchisee, the prohibition of competitive actions, etc. The subject of the study is the franchise agreement in Romania. Research methodology. The research is based on the use of general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed us to investigate the definition of a franchise agreement in Romania and its key terms. The comparative legal method was used to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. The statistical method was used to establish data that reflects the effectiveness of franchising activities. The method of system analysis helped to find out, in which areas of economic activity franchising is most demanded. Interpretation of the content of Romanian legal acts governing issues related to the conclusion of a franchise agreement in this country was realized with the help of the normative-dogmatic method. The system-structural method was used to study the franchise agreement in Romania as a single entity (system) with the coordinated functioning of all its elements. The methods of grouping and classifying formed the basis for separating the list of conditions, which are necessary for concluding a franchise agreement in Romania, as well as provisions that should be included in the content of this agreement. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped to study some parts of this agreement to formulate further conclusions. Practical application. The positive experience of Romania in regulating issues related to the conclusion of a franchise contract can be used for making appropriate changes to the Ukrainian legislation. Thus, in Romania, a special regulatory act (Ordinance 52/1997), which regulates the procedure for concluding this agreement, defines the rights and obligations of the parties and establishes the essential terms of the contract and the principles for its implementation, was adopted. Issues which are not regulated by the Ordinance are subject to the Civil and the Commercial Codes of the country, as well as European legislation, which sets out requirements for the prohibition of competition. Correlation/originality. This scientific work is the first research in Ukraine devoted not only to general issues of regulation of franchising activity in Europe but specifically to the franchise agreement in a separate country (in Romania) and its legal and economic peculiarities.
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POPSA, Roxana Elena. "CONCEPTUALIZING BUSINESS MODELS OF INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAINS." Revista Economica 73, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2021-0017.
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Globally, hotel chains are emerging as major players in the hotel industry, and their expansion policy includes along with the construction of new hotels, acquisitions, mergers, also business models based on management and franchise contracts. The paper investigates various aspects of the international hotel chains, such as the proportion of franchised hotels, those based on management contract and owned in North America and Europe, but also the proportion of franchised hotels by hotel chain. The aim is to provide an overview on the business models of international hotel chains.
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Ramírez-Hurtado, José M., Francisco J. Rondán-Cataluña, Flor M. Guerrero-Casas, and Juan M. Berbel-Pineda. "IDENTIFYING THE FRANCHISEE PROFILES FRANCHISORS PREFER / FRANŠIZĖ, JOS NAUDOTOJAI: ISPANIJOS ATVEJIS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 12, no. 4 (November 21, 2011): 567–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.599408.
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This study identifies the franchisee profiles that franchisors prefer. Specifically, the goals of this study are: (1) to identify the characteristics that form the franchisee profile preferred by the franchisors operating in the Spanish market and (2) to contrast diverse hypotheses related to this profile. These hypotheses are related to the ideal franchisee, sector, financial level, number of franchisee units and age of franchisors. Criteria that franchisors look for in potential franchisees are ranked by importance. The value of the paper is significant as it provides a practical framework for franchisors for the selection process of franchisees when choosing from a group of potential franchisees. The franchisee profile was obtained using conjoint analysis, which is a decomposition methodology that is rarely used in this field. Santrauka Šio straipsnio autoriai, atlikę tyrimą, nustato, ko nori franšizės naudotojai, rinkdamiesi franšizę. Autorių atlikto tyrimo tikslai susiję – nustatyti savybes, būdingas franšizei (veikiančiai Ispanijos rinkoje), ir patvirtinti arba paneigti iškeltas hipotezes, susijusias su franšize. Šios hipotezės yra tiesiogiai susijusios su franšize, tam tikrais sektoriais, kuriuose jos dominuoja, taip pat finansiniu franšizės naudotojų lygiu, franšizės skaičiumi ir franšizės turėtojų amžiumi. Potencialių franšizės turėtojų kriterijai reitinguojami pagal svarbą.
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Mohammed, Amna Abdullah, and Syed Zamberi Ahmad. "Café2Go: a struggle to build a local brand and stay ahead." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2019-0023.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to enable the learners to understand advantages and disadvantages of franchises in the company; to understand the strength and weakness points of Café2Go, its underlying strategy and what makes the company a unique outlet; to acquire a better understanding on the key challenges or dilemmas that Café2Go faces and to provide recommendations to address such dilemmas; to evaluate innovative marketing plans that would aid in expanding Café2Go internationally; and to understand cause-effect analysis of project management and the reason for the increase in the operationalization cost on Café2Go. Case overview/synopsis This case study presents the story of Jassim Al-Bastaki who was once rejected as a franchisee and later managed to be a pioneering franchiser in the UAE. The case aims to highlight the new coffee products and distribution methods Al-Bastaki used to compete in the over-saturated coffee market in Dubai. Al-Bastaki distinguished the first Café2Go by offering camel products in a mobile truck. It was the first “café-on-wheels” in the UAE, and it marketed the slogan of “wherever you are”. This case study discusses the challenges the project faced while marketing the unpopular, salty drink camel milk and issuing the necessary licenses for the coffee truck. The case study also elaborates on the innovative strategies Al-Bastaki used to convince customers of the health benefits of camel milk, to serve camel milk in appealing forms such as milkshakes and to replace the banned mobile truck with kiosks, cubicles, mobile trolleys and free phone call services. The case study also aims to highlight the obstacles associated with the franchise model and to reveal how Al-Bastaki overcame such challenges, using the franchise model, to expand Café2Go beyond the UAE. What started as a mobile coffee truck in 2009, in Dubai, has changed into an expanding business in Qatar, Libya, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Spain (Masudi, 2013). Complexity academic level The case study is relevant for undergraduate and post-graduate management degrees, and specifically business administration, entrepreneurship, small business management courses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship
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Hajdini, Ilir, and Josef Windsperger. "Real options in franchise contracting: an application of transaction cost and real options theory." European Journal of Law and Economics 50, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-020-09665-3.
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Abstract Previous research has not explained the use of real option clause in franchise contracting. The real option clause has two economic functions: To reduce transaction costs by mitigating opportunism risk and to increase strategic rents by exploiting the profit potential from future upside opportunities under uncertainty. We argue that franchisors will more likely use a real option clause (ROC) in franchise contracts under high behavioral uncertainty, high franchisors’ transaction-specific investments relative to franchisees’ and long contract duration. In addition, by combining transaction cost theory and real option theory, our study provides a new explanation for the impact of environmental uncertainty on the use of ROC in franchise networks by showing that there exists a U-shaped relationship between environmental uncertainty and the franchisor’s use of ROC. Overall, the data from German and Swiss franchise systems provide support of the research model.
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Husain, Mohd Huefiros Efizi, Noor Naemah Abd Rahman, and Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif. "Kelebihan Al-'Aqd di Kalangan Usahawan Francais Berlainan Agama." Sains Insani 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol5no2.147.
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Pembentukan al-'aqd dalam perniagaan ditunjangi kehendak syara' bagi memastikan kebajikan setiap pihak berakad dijamin dan sesuatu matlamat yang disasarkan dapat dicapai dengan sempurna. Al-'aqd yang mewakili kepada pelaksanaan kontrak, menuntut kepada pematuhan di atas persepakatan sepanjang tempoh ia berlangsung. Keperluan al-'aqd ditonjolkan melalui ciri-ciri dan syarat tertentu mengikut disiplin muamalat Islam merangkumi pelbagai sudut bermula daripada sighah, pelaksana akad, perkara diakadkan dan kesan terhadap hukum. Kelebihan mematuhi prinsip ini bukan hanya dibuka kepada usahawan di kalangan muslim sahaja, bahkan secara menyeluruh merentasi agama, adat dan budaya. Manakala perniagaan francais pula, merupakan perniagaan yang dijalankan bersandarkan kepada kontrak sepenuhnya terutama kepada hubungan di antara pemberi dan penerima francais. Pelbagai isu melibatkan kontrak francais berlaku di kalangan pengusaha perniagaan tersebut di Malaysia merangkumi bermacam jenis produk dipasarkan. Melihatkan kepada isu yang berbangkit, maka kajian ini menemukan kelebihan prinsip al-'aqd kepada usahawan francais yang terdiri daripada agama berbeza. Oleh itu, pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk mencapai objektif kajian dengan melibatkan kaedah kepustakaan dari pelbagai rujukan dan sesi temu bual bersama mereka yang berkenaan dengan perniagaan francais. Hasil kajian mendapati al-'aqd menawarkan kelebihan yang mampu memberi kemanfaatan kepada pihak berkontrak dalam francais sama ada di kalangan muslim atau sebagainya mencakupi pemilihan pihak berkontrak, penjelasan bentuk penawaran dan penerimaan serta kesan yang akan diterima untuk jangka masa panjang. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar al-'aqd dapat diperkenalkan dengan berkesan dan kesedaran ke atas pelaksanaan prinsip ini dipertingkatkan kepada lebih ramai pengusaha francais bagi memastikan pihak berkontrak mengenalpasti hak dan batasan dalam sesebuah kontrak dengan sewajarnya berpandukan kepada ajaran Islam sebenar. ABSTRACT Al-'aqd in business is based on the requirements of syara’ to ensure the welfare of each party is guaranteed and a targeted goal can be achieved perfectly. It represents the execution of the contract, demands compliance with the agreement throughout the period in which it is in force. The need for al-'aqd is highlighted through certain characteristics and conditions according to the discipline of Islamic muamalat covering various angles starting from sighah, the executor of the contract, the matter in question, and the effect on the law. Its advantages are not only open to entrepreneurs among Muslims only but across religions, customs, and cultures. The franchise business, on the other hand, is a business conducted based on a full contract, especially on the relationship between the grantor and the recipient of the franchise. Various issues involving franchise contracts occurred. This study examines the advantages of the al-'aqd principle to franchise entrepreneurs of different religions. Using qualitative methods by involving the library method and interview with the franchisee. The results of the study found that al-'aqd offers advantages that provide benefits to the contracting parties in the franchise whether among Muslims or so covering the selection of contractors, the explanation of the form of supply and acceptance as well as the effects that will be received in the long run. This study suggests that al-'aqd can be introduced effectively and awareness on the implementation of this principle is increased to more franchisees to ensure that contractors identify the rights and limitations in a contract accordingly based on the true teachings of Islam.
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Gauzente, Claire. "Market orientation in franchise networks: a contrast analysis of franchisors and franchisees views." International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 20, no. 2 (May 2010): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593961003701809.
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Iannozzi, Pierpaolo. "L'investimento nell'affiliazione commerciale: strumenti di ausilio alle scelte dell'investitore." ECONOMIA E DIRITTO DEL TERZIARIO, no. 1 (October 2009): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ed2009-001002.
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- Entrepreneur's autonomy is expressed, primarily , in the choice of the resources to be used in the production process. Signing a franchising contract implies choosing a cooperative strategy, as alternative to a competitive strategy. This article explores differences between a traditional and a franchised investment through the instrument of the operational leverage These differences highlight when, in the economic system, companies - both franchisors and franchisees- find convenience in running a franchised company as opposed to a competitive strategy. Constant verification of the conditions to which is associated the surplus of a cooperative strategy is the main reason that explains the entrance and - subsequently - the remaining in cooperative contracts
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Conde Gómez, Guillermo. "El contrato de franquicia en la Propuesta de Anteproyecto de Ley de Código Mercantil tras el Dictamen del Consejo de Estado." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 26 (December 18, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.26.2020.29166.
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El presente trabajo aborda el análisis del contrato de franquicia a la luz de la regulación prevista para los contratos de distribución en los artículos 545-1 y ss. de la Propuesta de Anteproyecto de Ley de Código Mercantil tras el Dictamen del Consejo de Estado. Pese a su gran importancia, nuestro ordenamiento jurídico carece actualmente de un régimen legal que regule un marco jurídico propio del contrato de franquicia, teniendo por tanto dicho contrato la consideración de atípico. No obstante, si bien la Ley 7/1996, de 15 de enero, de Ordenación del Comercio Minorista y el Real Decreto 201/2010, de 26 de febrero, por el que se regula el ejercicio de la actividad comercial en régimen de franquicia y la comunicación de datos al registro de franquiciadores, regulan algunos aspectos del contrato de franquicia en España, dichas regulaciones resultan del todo insuficientes, de tal manera que a día de hoy el contrato de franquicia continúa teniendo al Código Civil y al Código de Comercio como principales referencias normativas. De esta manera, la regulación del contrato de franquicia prevista en la Propuesta de Anteproyecto de Ley de Código Mercantil tras el Dictamen del Consejo de Estado, pese a no ser el primer intento de regular el contrato de franquicia, de finalmente materializarse constituirá un importante avance en la regulación de dicha figura contractual en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, aportando mayor seguridad jurídica al sector de la franquicia en España.This paper analyzes the franchise agreement in light of the regulation provided for distribution agreements in articles 545-1 et seq. of the Proposal of the Draft Law of the Commercial Code issued after the Opinion of the Spanish State Council. Despite its great importance, our legal system currently lacks a legal regime that regulates a legal framework of the franchise agreement, therefore, said agreement is considered as atypical. However, although Law 7/1996, of January 15, on Retail Trade and Royal Decree 201/2010, of February 26, which regulates the exercise of commercial activity under the franchise regime and the communication of data to the franchisor registry, regulate some aspects of the franchise agreement in Spain, these regulations are completely insufficient, therefore to this day the franchise agreement continues to have the Spanish Civil Code and the Spanish Commercial Code as its main legal references. Thus, the proposed regulation of the franchise agreement provided for in the Proposal of the Draft Law of the Commercial Code issued after the Opinion of the Spanish State Council, despite not being the first attempt to regulate the franchise agreement, if it finally occurs will constitute an important step forward in the regulation of such agreement in our legal system, providing greater legal certainty for the franchise sector in Spain.
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Baena, Veronica. "Master Franchising as Foreign Entry Mode: Evidences from the Spanish Franchise System." ISRN Economics 2012 (October 16, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/293478.
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The present study examines how a number of market conditions may constrain entry mode choice into Middle East nations. Specifically, this paper focuses on master franchising and analyzes the determining factors in this entry mode decision. A quantitative approach was applied to a sample of Spanish franchisors operating through 96 franchisee outlets across 6 Middle East countries in January 2010. They are Bahrain, Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Findings show the importance of a number of host country’s features (economic development, corruption, and efficiency of contract enforcement). The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to the topic of foreign entry mode choice via franchising has usually been examined from a U.S. base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system—ranked fifth worldwide both in terms of the number of franchisors (1,019) and the quantity of franchisee outlets (65,026)—into the Middle East.
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Maalouf, Jamal T., James Combs, William E. Gillis, and Alexa Perryman. "Replicate or adapt? Franchising and organizational routines." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 775–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2019-0493.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce strategy as a factor that explains when franchisors – through the franchisees they select – seek to replicate routines exactly versus allow local adaptation of routines. Design/methodology/approach Combined archival and survey data from 248 US and Canadian franchisors actively seeking franchisees were used to test hypotheses via structural equation modeling. The robustness of results was comprehensively explored. Findings As hypothesized, results suggest that franchisors pursuing plural form strategies select franchisees with traits that foster replication, such as prior managerial experience and the desire to become multi-outlet franchisees. Those franchisors pursuing turnkey strategies seek franchisees who exhibit a willingness to experiment and adapt. In contrast to expectations, plural form franchisors were more likely to seek franchisees with local market knowledge. Originality/value Strategy influences whether franchisors select franchisees who will replicate versus adapt organizational routines. The authors introduce strategy as a factor affecting the extent to which routines are replicated exactly versus adapted locally. For franchising research, they challenge prior theory by explaining why franchisors invest in franchisee selection rather than waiting for the best franchisees to self-select into franchising.
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Min, Yong-Ki, and Young-Kyu Kim. "Contract intention of prospective franchisees based on selection attributes and brand assets of a franchise." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 30, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/ijthr.2016.06.30.6.47.
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Lee, Seul-Gi, Eun-Jung Kwak, and Dong-Jin Kim. "The Relationship between Franchisors’ Supports and Franchisees’ Contract Intention: Evidence from the coffee franchise industry." Korea Journal of Tourism Research 31, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21719/kjtr.31.4.15.
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Chung, Hyun-Young. "Influences of Franchise Contract Factors to Franchise Contract Satisfaction in Hospitality Service Industry." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 7, no. 7 (July 28, 2007): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2007.7.7.124.
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Hafez, Y. "Vaststellen en toerekenen van goodwill bij franchise." Contracteren 24, no. 3 (October 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/contr/156608932022024003003.
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Alhammada, Sajad. "Franchise Contract in Jordanian Legislation: A comparative Study." Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Journal for Legal Studies 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 120–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15849/zujjls.221130.07.
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Abstract This research study emphasizes the key elements of the franchise contract as a modern contract with which there was no legislative system for its provisions in the Arab countries as a whole. As no Arab legislative system has ever brought up such form of contracts, the researcher applied descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods to achieve the desired goal of this study, which is to address the areas of ambiguity and deficiencies that surrounded it and try to compile its dispersed texts and suggest some solutions that may facilitate the provisions of this contract and work with it in the interest of both parties to the contract. Therefore, the researcher reached for a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which was the presence of some miscellaneous texts related to commercial franchise contracts in Jordanian and comparative legislation despite the absence of a legal system that shows the merits and parts of the franchise contract. As for this matter, the researcher recommends the necessity of regulating its provisions through its own legislative system, and the necessity of imposing penal sanctions anytime a party would violate any breach of the contract. Keywords: Franchise contract, Franchise, Trademark.
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Dias, Lucas de Souza, and Luciano Benetti Timm. "Arbitragem nos Contratos de Franquia." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 6, Issue 21 (February 1, 2009): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2009002.
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ABSTRACT: This work aims at analyzing the use of arbitration in franchising agreements and to show the arbitration is an alternative way for conflict resolution, as it can offer many economic advantages to the franchisor as to the franchisee concerning the preparation of the franchising agreement. Methodology is based on legal literature, judicial precedents and data collected by entrepreneurial associations. The conclusion is that arbitration is an efficient solution for contracting parties. The legal admissibility of arbitration in franchising agreements shall depend on the nature of the adhesion of the contract. The factual issue shall be considered exclusively by the arbitrator (kompetenz-kompetenz).