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Academic literature on the topic 'Contrastive topics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Contrastive topics"

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TITOV, ELENA. "Do contrastive topics exist?" Journal of Linguistics 49, no. 2 (December 11, 2012): 413–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226712000370.

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This paper investigates a phenomenon that has been referred to in the linguistic literature as contrastive topic. Traditionally, contrastive topic is analyzed as an independent information-structural notion that is linked to a particular interpretation and intonation. The paper, however, argues that the information-structural notion of contrastive topic is redundant and can be reduced to that of contrastive focus. The apparent dissimilarity between contrastive topics and contrastive foci is attributed to a difference in the structures that contain them rather than any particular difference between the associated information-structural notions themselves. The structures that host contrastive topics and contrastive foci are claimed to be distinct due to the nature of an additional focused element obligatorily present in the sentence. Contrastive topics and contrastive foci themselves, in contrast, are shown to be associated with identical interpretations, which results in their identical syntactic distribution, strongly suggesting that they in fact represent one and the same information-structural phenomenon in two different types of construction.

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Tonhauser, Judith. "Contrastive topics in Paraguayan Guaraní discourse." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 22 (September 3, 2012): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v22i0.2631.

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The empirical basis of current formal semantic/pragmatic analyses of utterances containing contrastive topics are languages in which the expression that denotes the contrastive topic is marked prosodically, morphologically or syntactically, such as English, German, Korean, Japanese or Hungarian (e.g. Jackendoff 1972; Szabolcsi 1981; Roberts 1998; Büring 1997, 2003; Lee 1999). Such analyses do not extend to Paraguayan Guaraní, a language in which neither prosody, nor word order, nor the contrastive topic clitic =katu identify the contrastive topic. This article develops a formal pragmatic analysis of contrastive topic utterances in Paraguayan Guaraní and explores cross-linguistic similarities and differences in contrastive topic utterances.

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Nicolae, Andreea C. "Additional questions on contrastive topics." Theoretical Linguistics 46, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2020-0003.

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Hendriks, P. "Coherence Relations, Ellipsis and Contrastive Topics." Journal of Semantics 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/21.2.133.

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Gyuris, Beáta. "new approach to the scope of contrastive topics." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.225.

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This paper proposes a new strategy for accounting for the narrow scope readings of quantificational contrastive topics in Hungarian, which is based on a consideration of the types of questions that declaratives with such contrastive topics can be uttered as partial or complete congruent answers to. The meaning of the declaratives with contrastive topics will be represented with the help of the structured meaning approach to matching questions proposed in Krifka 2002.

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Andersen, Torben. "Syntacticized topics in Kurmuk." Studies in Language 39, no. 3 (October 26, 2015): 508–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.3.01and.

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This article argues that Kurmuk, a little-described Western Nilotic language, is characterized by a syntacticized topic whose grammatical relation is variable. In this language, declarative clauses have as topic an obligatory preverbal NP which is either a subject, an object, or an adjunct. The grammatical relation of the topic is expressed by a voice-like inflection of the verb, called orientation here. While subject-orientation is morphologically unmarked, object-oriented and adjunct-oriented verbs are marked by a subject suffix or by a suffix indicating that the topic is not subject, and adjunct-orientation differs from object-orientation by a marked tone pattern. Topic choice largely reflects information structure by indicating topic continuity. The topic also plays a crucial role in relative clauses and in clauses with contrastive constituent focus, in that objects and adjuncts can only be relativized or contrastively focalized if they are coded as topics. Moreover, some types of adverbial clauses require adjunct-orientation.

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Arnaudova, Olga. "Saliency and contrast in colloquial Bulgarian: clitic left dislocation versus contrastive topicalization." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.220.

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The claim advanced in this paper is that the presence of a left-dislocated element together with a resumptive clitic in Bulgarian is a special case of argument saturation with implications for the focus structure of the clause, while contrast involves discontinuous focus (contrastive topics/foci) with no clitics present in the derivation. Contrastive topic/focus constructions in Bulgarian can be united on the view that they involve (sets of) ordered pairs where the higher element is valuing a contrastive feature (cf. OCC in Chomsky 2001) while the element in the VP is a non-contrastive topic or focus. The contrastive feature participates in wh-structures but not in clitic-left-dislocated structures where pairing between arguments is 'accidental'.

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Bourzeg, Meymouna, and Ayman Yasin. "A Cartographic Analysis of Subject Status in Root SV(O) and VS(O) Orders in Algerian Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1301.24.

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This paper investigates word order derivation in root clauses in Algerian Arabic (AA) with a focus on preverbal and postverbal constituents. The data is collected from audio typed recordings of natural ongoing speeches of 40 Algerian informants. Four cartographic frameworks are applied: Rizzi’s (1997) Split-CP system, Frascarelli and Hinterhölzl’s (2007) topic typology, Kiss’s (1998) contrastive-information focus dichotomy and Belletti’s (2004, 2005) model of the low periphery. Empirical evidence shows that preverbal elements can have three readings: genuine subject reading, topic reading, or focus reading. Unlike Rizzi (1997) who assumes that topic is a unique category, and in line with Frascarelli and Hinterhölzl’s (2007), three kinds of topics are licensed in the AA left periphery: non-recursive aboutness topic, recursive familiar topics and non-recursive contrastive topic. AA left periphery hosts only contrastive focus, and informational focus occurs in lower positions. Empirical evidence also shows that AA manifest a low IP area containing low topic and low focus. Different arguments are used to support this view: the behavior of the copula ‘ka:na’, floating quantifier and the behavior of the exclusive particle ‘bark’.

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Gyuris, Beáta. "Quantificational contrastive topics with verum/falsum focus." Lingua 119, no. 4 (April 2009): 625–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2007.11.006.

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Giannoulopoulou, Giannoula. "Morphological contrasts between Modern Greek and Italian." Contrasting contrastive approaches 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2015): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.04gia.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss topics in contrastive morphology, combining the perspectives of morphological theory and contrastive linguistics. After an overview of the recent literature on contrastive morphology and the relevant ‘tertia comparationis’ in Section 2, Section 3 focuses on the main differences between compounding in Modern Greek and Italian (e.g. the position of the morphological head, the pattern stem+stem in Modern Greek vs. the pattern word+word in Italian). The diachronic dimension, the inflectional system and the role of syntax are put forward as explanatory factors for the differences between the two languages. Two recent types of compounds, [V+V] V in Modern Greek and [V+N] N in Italian, are therefore examined contrastively. The contrastive analysis of compounding is based on three types of equivalence: ‘system equivalence’, ‘rule equivalence’, and ‘morphological age equivalence’. The main conclusion is that a contrastive approach to morphology enables us to deepen our understanding of both the fundamental distinction and the fundamental interconnection between morphology and syntax.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contrastive topics"

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Kim, Young-eun. "Focus and old information : polarity focus, contrastive focus, and contrastive topic /." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992836.

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Sturgeon, Anne. "The syntax and pragmatics of contrastive topic in Czech /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Omar, Hayat. "Les marqueurs –mm et dämmo dans la narration en amharique : approche développementale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2062/document.

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Les langues offrent une multitude d’éléments linguistiques pour organiser et délivrer les informations (Jisa, Reilly, Verhoeven, Baruch & Rosado, 2002). Il y a plusieurs manières d’exprimer en mot la représentation mentale des événements. Le locuteur, en fonction des outils linguistiques dont il dispose, choisit les formes qui lui apportent le plus de valeur communicative pour transmettre son message.Notre étude est centrée sur deux connecteurs de l’amharique, -mm et dämmo, qui sont abondants dans la langue, et dans la narration en particulier. Nous avons pour objectif d’examiner, dans une perspective développementale, comment les locuteurs les utilisent, et les fonctions que ces particules ont dans leurs narrations. Nous cherchons à distinguer les fonctions communicatives ou pragmatiques qui sont signalées dans l’énoncé au moyen de ces marques. Pour ce faire, nous avons constitué un corpus de soixante productions narratives d’enfants de groupes d’âges différents (5-6, 7-8 et 10-12 ans) et d’adultes locuteurs d’amharique. Nous avons utilisé le support imagé sans texte « Frog, where are you? » (Mayer, 1969) pour recueillir nos données. Ce matériel expérimental a déjà servi à de nombreuses études développementales dans plusieurs langues (Bamberg, 1987 ; Kail & Hickmann, 1992 ; Berman & Slobin, 1994 ; Kern 1997 ; Akinci, 1999 ; Strömqvist &Verhoeven 2003 ; Jisa, Chenu, Fekete & Omar, 2010 ; Fekete, 2011, Saïdi 2014 entre autres).Les résultats montrent que le clitique -mm et la locution dämmo, bien qu’ils soient tous les deux employés par tous les locuteurs, n’ont pas toujours la même portée selon le locuteur et varient en fonction de l’âge. dämmo, marque principalement le thème contrasté pour montrer la concomitance des événements. Il s’avère être plus maniable pour les enfants par rapport à –mm qui est beaucoup plus complexe, non seulement de par sa structure synthétique mais surtout parce qu’il est multiusage. –mm ancre l’information dans le contexte, il met en exergue le constituant sur lequel il opère
Languages provide speakers with a wide range of linguistic units to organize and deliver information (Jisa, Reilly, Verhoeven, Baruch & Rosado, 2002). There are several ways to verbally express the mental representations of events. The speaker, according to the linguistic tools he has acquired, selects the one that brings out the most communicative effect to convey his message.Our study focuses on two markers in Amharic, -mm and dämmo, which abound in the language and in narratives in particular. Our aim is to examine, from a developmental perspective, how the speakers use them, and the functions these elements have in their narratives. We seek to distinguish the communicative and pragmatic functions indicated by means of these markers. To do so, we created a corpus of sixty narrative productions of children from 5-6, 7-8 to 10-12 years old and adult Amharic speakers. The material we used to collect our data is a series of pictures without text “Frog, Where are you?” (Mayer, 1969). This experimental material has already been used in many developmental studies and in several languages (Bamberg, 1987 ; Kail & Hickmann, 1992 ; Berman & Slobin, 1994 ; Kern 1997 ; Akinci, 1999 ; Strömqvist &Verhoeven 2003 ; Jisa, Chenu, Fekete & Omar, 2010 ; Fekete, 2011, Saïdi 2014 and many more).The results show that -mm and dämmo, although all the speakers use them both, do not always have the same scope according to the speaker and vary according to the age. dämmo is mainly used to mark a contrastive topic to signal the concomitance of the events. It seems to be easy to use for children compared to -mm which is much more complex, not only because of its synthetic structure but primarily because it is a multi-purpose morpheme. -mm anchors the information into the context, it highlights the constituent on which it operates

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Kiss, Katalin É. "Topic and focus :two structural positions associated with logical functions in the left periphery of the Hungarian Sentence." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1963/.

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The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation.

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Yom, Haeng-Il. "Topic-comment structure : a contrastive study of simultanious interpretation from Korean into English /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1993. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/1154711x.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993.
Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Clifford Hill. Dissertation Committee: Jo Anne Kleifgen. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-157).

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Käll, Linus, and Simon Pertoft. "Comparing and contrasting the dissemination cascades of different topics in a social network : What are the lifetimes of different topics and how do they spread." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177320.

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The web has granted everyone the opportunity to freely share large amounts of data. Individuals, corporations, and communities have made the web an important tool in their arsenal. These entities are spreading information online, but not all of it is constructive. Some spread misinformation to protect themselves or to attack other entities or ideas on the web. Checking the integrity of all the information online is a complex problem and an ethical solution would be equally complex. Multiple latent factors decide how a topic spreads and finding these factors is non-trivial. In this thesis, the patterns of different topics are compared with each other and the generalized patterns of fake, true, and mixed news, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic models. We look at how the dissemination of topics can be compared through different metrics, and how these can be calculated through networks related to the data. The analyzed data was collected using the Twitter API and news article scrapers. From this data, custom corpora were made through lemmatization and filtering unnecessary words and characters. The LDA models were made using these corpora, making it possible to extract the latent topics of the articles. By plotting the articles according to their most dominant topic, graphs for the popularity, size, and other distribution statistics could easily be drawn. From these graphs, the topics could be compared to each other and be categorized as fake, true, or mixed news by looking at their patterns and novelty. However, this brought up the question if it would be ethical to generalize topics in this way. Suppressing or censuring an article because it contains a lot of novel information might hide constructive novelties and violate freedom of speech. Finally, this thesis presents the means for further work in the future, which could involve collecting one large, continuous dataset for a fair and accurate comparison between topics.

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Shibao, Suely. "A leitura da tira de quadrinhos: para uma gramática contrastiva do não verbal com o verbal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4172.

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O objetivo desta tese foi sugerir à prática didática subsídios que possam contribuir com a condução da leitura de Tiras de Quadrinhos. Promove-se a ideia de que é possível elaborar uma gramática contrastiva do não verbal a partir da gramática do verbal, na consideração de que a leitura da imagem deve estar maciçamente atrelada à vivência diária do ser humano. Perspectivas da Linguística textual, da Semiótica peirceana e da Gramática tradicional foram entrelaçadas para obter-se um suporte teórico julgado eficaz na sustentação da hipótese de que a leitura multifacetada oferecida pela Tira de Quadrinhos é promissora quanto à formação de leitores proficientes. Fazem parte dessa conjuntura a Análise da conversação, a Organicidade do tópico discursivo, a Iconicidade diagramática e focalizações fonéticas, morfológicas e sintáticas envolvidas pelo semântico. No amálgama da tradição com a modernidade, sugeriram-se análises e interpretações da imagem no contexto linguístico-textual. O corpus é constituído de Tiras de Quadrinhos, publicadas diariamente no jornal O Globo, referentemente ao período de cinco anos, de 2005 a 2009
The objective presented herein was to provide elements to support the didactic practice in a way that they would contribute to the process of reading comic strips. The idea that it is possible to create a contrastive grammar of the non verbal departing from the grammar of the verbal is promoted here, considering that the reading of the image should be broadly linked to mans daily living. Perspectives of the Text Linguistics, of the Peircean Semiotics and of the Traditional Grammar were interwoven in order to achieve a theoretical support judged to be effective in the sustaining of the hypothesis that the multifaceted reading of comic strips brings promising perspectives to the formation of proficient readers. The Conversational Analysis, the Organicity of the discursive topic, the Diagrammatic Iconicity and phonetic, morphological and syntactic focusing comprised by the semantic aspect are part of this context of analysis. In the amalgam of the tradition with the modernity, some instances of analysis and interpretation of the image in the linguistic-text context were suggested. The corpus is constituted of comic strips, published in O Globo, a daily newspaper, concerning the period of five years, from 2005 to 2009

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Zeigler, Bernard P. "Contrasting emergence: In systems of systems and in social networks." SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621270.

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This article considers emergence in the context of systems of systems, examining the earlier proposed tri-layered architecture in some depth. In contrast with healthcare reform, a social media phenomenon, the emergence of topics in the Twitter user community, is shown not to satisfy a critical condition of the architecture. Nevertheless, detection of topic emergence is shown to offer insights into the design of Emergence Behavior Observers.

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Silva, Fernanda Rosa da. "Deslocamento de tópico e foco no português brasileiro: uma análise semântico-pragmática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-18072017-181108/.

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O objetivo desta tese é investigar as particularidades semânticas e pragmáticas de sentenças declarativas do português brasileiro (PB) que apresentem uma estrutura sintática na qual sintagmas em diferentes posições são deslocados para a periferia esquerda da sentença. Mais precisamente, esta pesquisa analisa se elementos com funções informacionais como tópico e foco podem ser deslocados para a periferia esquerda da sentença e em que circunstâncias esse fenômeno pode ocorrer. A metodologia adotada consiste no julgamento do valor de verdade de uma sentença, bem como nas condições de felicidade em que a sentença foi proferida. Tais julgamentos e condições são dados pela intuição de falantes nativos do português brasileiro. Ainda, busca-se fazer comparações entre as seguintes noções e conceitos: tópico x foco; contraste x não contraste; exaustividade x não exaustividade. A partir dos dados investigados, concluímos que em PB tanto sintagmas com função informacional de foco quanto com função informacional de tópico podem ser deslocados para a periferia esquerda da sentença. Também foi constatado que contraste não é noção obrigatória em sentenças com deslocamento. Ainda, inferência de exaustividade é uma implicatura em alguns casos de deslocamento, mas não pode ser cancelada em outros, principalmente naqueles nos quais os elementos do conjunto mais saliente não são dados explicitamente. Nas sentenças com deslocamento, observamos uma maior dificuldade no cancelamento da exaustividade, se comparadas com sentenças canônicas. No que diz respeito à definitude, essa não é determinante para deslocamento de tópico e foco no PB. Pudemos encontrar sentenças com sintagmas indefinidos deslocados para a periferia esquerda da sentença, tanto na função discursiva de foco quanto de tópico. Finalmente, sintagmas com função de tópico não precisam necessariamente ser mencionados previamente no contexto.
This thesis aims to investigate the semantic and pragmatic particularities of declarative clauses in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) that have a syntactic structure in which phrases from different positions are dislocated to the left periphery of the clause. More precisely, this research analyzes if elements with informational functions as topic and focus can be dislocated to the left periphery of the clause and in which circumstances this phenomenon can occur. The methodology adopted consists in the judgment of the truth-value of a sentence, as well as the felicity conditions in which it was enunciated. Such judgments and conditions are given by the intuition of Brazilian Portuguese native speakers. This research also intends to compare the following notions and concepts: topic x focus; contrast x non-contrast; exhaustivity x non-exhaustivity. From the analyzed data, we conclude that in PB both phrases with informational function of focus and phrases with informational function of topic can be dislocated to the left periphery of the sentence. We also conclude that contrast itself is not an obligatory notion in sentences with dislocated phrases. We also show that exhaustivity is an implicature in some dislocation cases, but cannot be canceled in others, mainly in the ones in which the elements of the most salient set are not explicitly given. In clauses with dislocation, we can see a greater difficulty in cancelling the exhaustivity when compared to canonical clauses. When it comes to definitiness, it is not determinant to topic and focus dislocation in PB. We could find clauses with indefinite phrases dislocated to the left periphery of the clause for both topic and focus discursive function. Finally, phrases with topic function do not necessarily need to be previously mentioned in the context.

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Ivana, Miškeljin. "Topicalization and Left Dislocation in English and Serbian." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100971&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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The aim of the dissertation entitled Topicalization andLeft Dislocation in English and Serbian is to describeand offer a generative account of the syntactic andinformation-structural properties of topicalization andleft dislocation in the languages in question, twosuperficially similar preposing structures whichexpress the same propositions, but are not felicitous inthe same context. The analysis is not contrastive in thesense that we are looking for English-Serbiancounterparts or vice versa, but the tertiumcomparationis are the phenomena of topicalizationand left dislocation. The fundamental diagnostics ofdifferentiating between the two variants of leftdislocation identified in Serbian is laid out, viz.Hanging Topic Left Dislocation and Contrastive LeftDislocation. The dissertation also explores howinformational structuring of an utterance determinescontextual choices. The lexicon provides the input tothe computational system which by means of featuresbuilds structure via phases and also gives rise todisplacement. The data related to information structurecome from the numeration. The results of the researchindicate that the notion of a topic should bedeconstructed in a combination of the features [+/-a(nchored), +/-c(ontrastive)], similarly to López(2009), anchored in the sense of Birner & Ward(1998), and contrastive in the pragmatic sense of Titov(2013), whereby [+/-c] is parasitic on [+a].Topicalization in both English and Serbian, andContrastive Left Dislocation in Serbian mark topicsvii[+a, +c], whereas Hanging Topic Left DislocationHTLD in both English and Serbian marks topic [+a, -c]. It is argued that adding pragmatic features inaddition to formal ones relevant to the derivation bythe operation which forms the numeration does notoffend the Inclusiveness Condition either. Theinterpretation of an element marked as a topic is theresult of its featural content and its syntactic position,reflecting the interaction of syntax, prosody andpragmatics. Pragmatic features are valued butuninterpretable in the numeration rendering thesyntactic object containing it active for syntacticoperations. Probe (pragmatic) features triggerAgree(ment), but not displacement. It is an edgefeature that drives movement or Internal Merge. It isargued that topicalization in both English and Serbianis generated by movement. The edge feature on C(Force) licenses the TopP if it is required for theinterpretation and if it is structurally possible, asobserved by Jiménez-Fernández & Miyagawa (2014).Unlike in English, the non-phase head T in Serbiancan inherit an edge feature from C and license theTopP in the Spec,TP in those structures which are saidto be incompatible with topicalization in English. Thehead licensing the left-dislocated element is realizedas comma intonation, as argued by Emonds (2004). Itis argued that Hanging Topic Left Dislocation in bothEnglish and Serbian is derived by base-generation ofthe left-dislocated constituent in its surface position(adjoined to a CP), whereas Contrastive LeftDislocation in Serbian by movement (also to aposition attached to a CP). What moves is theresumptive pronoun, and then co-reference isestablished upon adjoining of the left-dislocatedelement via the operation Match or Match+Agree ofBoeckx (2003), which is the only way not to violatethe Inclusiveness Condition. Although bothTopicalization and Contrastive Left Dislocation markcontrastive topics, they have different discoursedistributions, as confirmed by our corpus, thus thisadjoining of a left-dislocated element is justified. Inthe case of Hanging Topic Left Dislocation, coreferencebetween the left-dislocated element and theresumptive pronoun is established via the operationMatch of Boeckx (2003). If the resumptive pronoun isa clitic, it moves to the second position in its intonational phrase triggered by the phonological requirement. Hanging Topic Left Dislocation in both English and Serbian marks referential topics and it isalso a topic-promoting device in Serbian, as argued onrelying on our corpus.
Cilj doktorske disertacije pod nazivom Tematizacija ileva dislokacija u engleskom i srpskom jeziku je daopiše i ponudi generativni prikaz sintaksiĉkih iinformacijsko strukturnih osobina tematizacije i levedislokacije u pomenutim jezicima, dveju naizgledsliĉnih struktura za pomeranje reĉeniĉnog elementa uprednje polje koje izraţavaju iste propozicije, ali neodgovaraju istom kontekstu. Analiza nije kontrastivnau smislu da traţimo englesko srpske ekvivalente iliobratno, već je tertium comparationis pojavatematizacije i leve dislokacije. PonuĊeni su i osnovnidijagnostiĉki testovi za razlikovanje dva oblika levedislokacije identifikovana u srpskom, naime levedislokacije odvojene teme i kontrastne levedislokacije. Disertacija takoĊe istraţuje kakoinformacijsko strukturiranje iskaza odreĊujekontekstualne izbore. Leksikon obezbeĊuje ulaznuinformaciju sistemu sintaksiĉkih operacija koji putemobeleţja gradi strukturu u fazama i takoĊe dovodi dopomeranja. Podaci vezani za informacijsku strukturusu dati u numeraciji. Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju napotrebu da se pojam teme rašĉlani na kombinacijuobeleţja [+/-a, +/-c], sliĉno Lópezu (2009), anaforiĉnou smislu Birnera & Warda (1998), i kontrastno upragmatiĉkom smislu Titove (2013) pri ĉemu je [+/-c]zavisno od [+a]. Tematizacija i u engleskom i usrpskom jeziku i kontrastna leva dislokacija u srpskomobeleţavaju teme kao [+a, +c], dok leva dislokacijaodvojene teme i u engleskom i u srpskom jezikuobeleţava teme kao [+a, -c]. U radu se dokazuje da ni dodeljivanje pragmatiĉkih obeleţja pored formalnih obeleţja relevantnih za derivaciju putem operacije koja formira numeraciju ne narušava uslov ukljuĉenosti. Interpretacija elementa obeleţenog kao tema je rezultat njegove kombinacije obeleţja i njegove sintaksiĉke pozicije, što odraţava interakciju sintakse, prozodije i pragmatike. Pragmatiĉka obeleţja su vrednovana, ali netumaĉiva u numeraciji ĉineći sintaksiĉki objekat koji ih sadrţi aktivnim za sintaksiĉke operacije. Upravna (pragmatiĉka) obeleţja uzrokuju slaganje, ali ne i pomeranje. Obeleţje ivice je ono što pokreće pomeranje ili interno spajanje. Argumentujemo da je tematizacija i u engleskom i u srpskom jeziku generisana pomeranjem. Obeleţje ivice na upravnom elementu C (Force) dozvoljava TopP ako je to neophodno za interpretaciju i ako je strukturno moguće, kao što su formulisali Jiménez-Fernández & Miyagawa (2014). Za razliku od engleskog, nefazni upravni element T (upravni element obeleţja vremena) u srpskom jeziku moţe da preuzme obeleţje ivice od C i dozvoli TopP u Spec,TP u onim strukturama za koje se smatra da nisu kompatibilne sa tematizacijom u engleskom jeziku. Upravni element koji dozvoljava levu dislokaciju se realizuje kao intonacijska pauza, kao što predlaţe Emonds (2004). Argumetujemo da je leva dislokacija odvojene teme i u engleskom i u srpskom jeziku nastala generisanjem levo dislociranog konstituenta u mestu realizacije (pridruţenom CP projekciji), dok je kontrastna leva dislokacija u srpskom nastala pomeranjem (takoĊe u poziciju pridruţenu CP projekciji). Ono što se zapravo pomera je rezumptivna zamenica i onda se po pridruţivanju levo dislociranog elementa uspostavlja koreferentnost putem operacije uskladi ili uskladi+sloţi Boeckxa (2003), što predstavlja jedini naĉin da se ne naruši uslov ukljuĉenosti. Iako i tematizacija i kontrastna leva dislokacija obeleţavaju kontrastne teme, one imaju razliĉite diskursne distribucije, što je potvrdio naš korpus, stoga je ovo pridruţivanje levo dislociranog elementa opravdano. U sluĉaju leve dislokacije odvojene teme, koreferentnost izmeĊu levo dislociranog elementa i rezumptivne zamenice se uspostavlja putem operacije uskladi (Boeckx 2003). Ako je rezumptivna zamenica klitika, ona se pomera u drugu poziciju u svojoj intonacijskoj frazi, što je uzrokovano fonološkim zahtevom. Leva dislokacija odvojene teme i u englesko i u srpskom jeziku obeleţava referencijske teme i takoĊe je sredstvo unapreĊivanja teme u srpskom, kao što se argumentuje na osnovu našeg korpusa.

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Books on the topic "Contrastive topics"

1

Comparative and contrastive studies of information structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2010.

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Information structure and agreement. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.

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Anita, Steube, ed. Information structure: Theoretical and empirical aspects. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2004.

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Neeleman, Ad. Contrasts and positions in information structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Büring, Daniel. (Contrastive) Topic. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.002.

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This chapter discusses the semantics and pragmatics of contrastive topics vis-à-vis focus. A semi-formal characterization of its main properties is given, using the techniques of alternative semantics and questions under discussion. This treatment is compared to various analyses proposed in the literature for contrastive topics and arguably related constructions, such as the English rise–fall–rise contour. Finally a brief discussion of non-contrastive topics is provided.

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Кусевска, Марија. Topics in contrastive analysis (English and Macedonian - учебник. Универзитет "Гоце Делчев"-Штип, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/9786082447568.

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Light, Caitlin. The pragmatics of demonstratives in Germanic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0012.

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This chapter will seek to demonstrate that demonstrative pronouns in Germanic are inherently pragmatically contrastive, in that they conventionally signal a marked and unexpected referent given the existing discourse structure. Data on object topicalization show that in information-structurally driven operations, demonstrative pronouns pattern more like contrastive elements than like non-contrastive ones. In this way they can be analysed as subinformative in the sense of Gast (2010), with an information-structural function not unlike contrastive topics. This conclusion leads us to a better understanding of the behaviour of demonstrative pronouns in discourse. Thus, a careful consideration of information-structural phenomena leads to insight into both crucial details of the grammar, and how these issues relate to language in use.

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Kimmelman, Vadim, and Roland Pfau. Information Structure in Sign Languages. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.001.

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This chapter demonstrates that the Information Structure notions Topic and Focus are relevant for sign languages, just as they are for spoken languages. Data from various sign languages reveal that, across sign languages, Information Structure is encoded by syntactic and prosodic strategies, often in combination. As for topics, we address the familiar semantic (e.g. aboutness vs. scene-setting topic) and syntactic (e.g. moved vs. base-generated topic) classifications in turn and we also discuss the possibility of topic stacking. As for focus, we show how information, contrastive, and emphatic focus is linguistically encoded. For both topic and focus constructions, special attention is given to the role of non-manual markers, that is, specific eyebrow and head movements that signal the information structure status of constituents. Finally, aspects that appear to be unique to languages in the visual-gestural modality are highlighted.

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Fanselow, Gisbert. Syntactic and Prosodic Reflexes of Information Structure in Germanic. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.40.

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This chapter deals with syntactic and prosodic reflexes of information structure in the Germanic languages. It begins with an overview of givenness and word order variation in the TP, along with aboutness topics and the prosodic prominence of topics and foci. It then considers the postulation of a focus head in Germanic and how contrast seems to intensify the acoustic properties of topics and foci. It shows how the left edge of verb second clauses acts as a slot for placing contrastive elements in all Germanic languages, but that the position is also filled on purely formal grounds. The article also describes the conditions of information structure that decide whether an XP can go to the position preceding the finite verb/auxiliary in the verb second (V2) constructions. Finally, it discusses two types of V2 constructions: unrestricted V2 constructions and pragmatically restricted V2 constructions.

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Velleman, Leah, and David Beaver. Question-based Models of Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.29.

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We present approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of information structure which centre on Questions Under Discussion (QUDs). Questions, explicit or implicit, are seen as structuring discourse, and information structural marking is seen as reflecting that underlying discourse structure. Our presentation of the model is largely cast in terms of extensions of Roberts’s (2012b) analysis, which is itself related to Rooth’s (1985/1992) Alternative Semantics and Hamblin’s (1973) approach to the semantics of questions. We present the model in terms of a range of constraints that relate information structure to discourse structure, notably constraints on the ‘Relevance’ of utterances, on the ‘Congruence’ of answers to questions, and on the ‘Availability’ of discourse antecedents. We discuss the application of the approach to the interpretation of focus and some cases of contrastive topics, to discourse structure, to the interpretation of focus sensitive operators, and to certain cases of presupposition projection.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contrastive topics"

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Marzo, Stefania, Kris Heylen, and Gert De Sutter. "Developments in Corpus-based Contrastive Linguistics." In Benjamins Current Topics, 1–6. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.43.01mar.

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Kudrnáčová, Naděžda. "Contrastive semantics of human locomotion verbs." In Benjamins Current Topics, 53–77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.119.04kud.

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Kean, Alex. "A characterization of contrastive explanations computation." In PRICAI’98: Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 599–610. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0095304.

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Gast, Volker. "Contrastive topics and distributed foci as instances of sub-informativity." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 15–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.165.02gas.

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Chocano, Gema. "Chapter 7. On the fronting of non-contrastive topics in Germanic." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 143–69. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.8.10cho.

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Szwedek, Aleksander. "What is topic?" In Further Insights into Contrastive Analysis, 499. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.30.30szw.

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Lee, Chungmin. "Contrastive Topic, Contrastive Focus, Alternatives, and Scalar Implicatures." In Contrastiveness in Information Structure, Alternatives and Scalar Implicatures, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10106-4_1.

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Lee, Chungmin. "Contrastive Topic and proposition structure." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 345–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.57.16lee.

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Taylor, John R. "Contrasting prepositional categories." In Topics in Cognitive Linguistics, 299. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.50.12tay.

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Yabushita, Katsuhiko. "Partition Semantics and Pragmatics of Contrastive Topic." In Contrastiveness in Information Structure, Alternatives and Scalar Implicatures, 23–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10106-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contrastive topics"

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Riester, Arndt, Tobias Schröer, and Stefan Baumann. "On the Prosody of Contrastive Topics in German Interviews." In 10th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2020-57.

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Liu, Rui, Zheng Lin, Peng Fu, Yuanxin Liu, and Weiping Wang. "Connecting Targets via Latent Topics And Contrastive Learning: A Unified Framework For Robust Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Stance Detection." In ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746739.

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Zerbian, Sabine, Giuseppina Turco, Nadja Schauffler, Margaret Zellers, and Arndt Riester. "Contrastive topic constituents in German." In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-71.

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Sahkai, Heete, and Meelis Mihkla. "Intonation of Contrastive Topic in Estonian." In Interspeech 2017. ISCA: ISCA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-840.

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Vesela, Katerina, Nino Peterek, and Eva Hajicova. "Prosodic characteristics of czech contrastive topic." In Interspeech 2004. ISCA: ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-301.

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Armstrong, Aaron. "Contrasting the Traditional Engineering and Business Approaches to the Teaching of Engineering Economics." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73251.

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Abstract Engineering economics instruction tends to fall within two approaches, a business-oriented approach similar to what might be taught in a business finance or cost accounting class, and an engineering-based approach which follows the solution methods and general pedagogy used with other engineering topics. These disparate approaches can lead to different learning and performance outcomes for the students of this important topic. This paper provides a background in the various methods for teaching the subject and contrasts these two general approaches. Detailed examples are provided for each approach. The various advantages and disadvantages of each approach are then discussed in terms of their respective instructional techniques and learning outcomes. A survey of the approaches used by textbooks in the topic area is then presented. The respective implications for the instruction of the topic of engineering economics as well as the broader implications for the future of the engineering profession are then discussed with directions toward future development in this area.

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Li, Qianru, Bo Chen, Songjun Ma, Luoyi Fu, and Xinbing Wang. "Contrastive topic evolution discovery via nonnegative matrix factorization." In ICC 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511395.

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Liu, Junpeng, Yanyan Zou, Hainan Zhang, Hongshen Chen, Zhuoye Ding, Caixia Yuan, and Xiaojie Wang. "Topic-Aware Contrastive Learning for Abstractive Dialogue Summarization." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.106.

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Le, Tuan, and Leman Akoglu. "ContraVis: Contrastive and Visual Topic Modeling for Comparing Document Collections." In The World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313617.

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Li, Jiacheng, Jingbo Shang, and Julian McAuley. "UCTopic: Unsupervised Contrastive Learning for Phrase Representations and Topic Mining." In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.426.

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