Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrastive rhetoric'
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Koutsantoni, Dimitra. "Rhetoric and culture in published and unpublished scientific communication : a comparative study of texts produced by Greek and native English speaking engineers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288798.
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Mulvey, Bern. "Japanese and English rhetorical strategies: A contrastive analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1052.
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Gao, Lianhong. "Examining Argumentative Coherence in Essays by Undergraduate Students of English as a Foreign Language in Mainland China and Their English Speaking Peers in the United States." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/559.
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I conducted this study to provide insights toward deepening understanding of association between culture and writing by building, assessing, and refining a conceptual model of second language writing. To do this, I examined culture and coherence as well as the relationship between them through a mixed methods research design. Coherence has been an important and complex concept in ESL/EFL writing. I intended to study the concept of coherence in the research context of contrastive rhetoric, comparing the coherence quality in argumentative essays written by undergraduates in Mainland China and their U.S. peers. In order to analyze the complex concept of coherence, I synthesized five linguistic theories of coherence: Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory, Carroll’s theory of coherence, Enkvist’s theory of coherence, Topical Structure Analysis, and Toulmin’s Model. Based upon the synthesis, 16 variables were generated. Across these 16 variables, Hotelling t-test statistical analysis was conducted to predict differences in argumentative coherence between essays written by two groups of participants. In order to complement the statistical analysis, I conducted 30 interviews of the writers in the studies. Participants’ responses were analyzed with open and axial coding. By analyzing the empirical data, I refined the conceptual model by adding more categories and establishing associations among them.
The study found that U.S. students made use of more pronominal reference. Chinese students adopted more lexical devices of reiteration and extended paralleling progression. The interview data implied that the difference may be associated with the difference in linguistic features and rhetorical conventions in Chinese and English. As far as Toulmin’s Model is concerned, Chinese students scored higher on data than their U.S. peers. According to the interview data, this may be due to the fact that Toulmin’s Model, modified as three elements of arguments, have been widely and long taught in Chinese writing instruction while U.S. interview participants said that they were not taught to write essays according to Toulmin’s Model. Implications were generated from the process of textual data analysis and the formulation of structural model defining coherence. These implications were aimed at informing writing instruction, assessment, peer-review, and self-revision.
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Liu, Xingua. "Contrastive rhetoric research of English and Chinese : an expanded and ecological approach." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707161.
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Chen, Selma Shu-mei. "A contrastive study of paragraph development in Chinese and English expository prose." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/416150.
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Kaplan (1966) has claimed that certain organizational problems in non-native speakers' writing are due to the influence of L1 rhetorical patterns. Based on an examination of 600 papers written in English by students from different cultural backgrounds, Kaplan concluded that the Oriental students developed their ideas in an indirect, inwardly spiralling pattern. Such circular development contrasted with the linear structure of paragraphs written by English speakers.While Kaplan's conceptualizations have received considerable attention, there is a central problem with his analysis: his claims were based solely on compositions written in English.In this thesis, I examine 30 paragraphs of Chinese expository prose and 30 paragraphs of English expository prose randomly chosen from contemporary writings to see if they conform to Kaplan's model. In the first chapter, I present certain problems in the teaching of composition concerning paragraph development. A literature review is presented in Chapter Two. Chapter Three is a brief description of the modes and organization of expository Prose that Chinese students learn. Chapter Four shows the modes and organization of English expository prose. In Chapter Five, a representative sample of 30 paragraphs of Chinese expository prose examined are discussed. Chapter Six is discussion of representative English paragraphs. A brief discussion of the results of the examination is presented in Chapter Seven. Finally, a brief summary concludes the thesis.
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Lee, Choi-sim. "The macro-structure of English and Chinese editorial in Hong Kong newspapers." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21185219.
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Fox, Christine M. "Writing across cultures : contrastive rhetoric and a writing center study of one student's journey /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3141842.
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Sharp, Alastair. "Rhetorical structure in reading comprehension : a Hong Kong case study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325209.
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Monassar, Hisham M. "Cohesion and coherence : contrastive transitions in the EFL/ESL writing of university Arab students." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1312004.
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This dissertation investigates the expression of contrastive transitions in the ESL/EFL (English as a Second Language/English as a Foreign Language) writing of university students of Arabic language background. For this purpose, an experimental group of 30 freshmen at Sohar University in Oman whose native language is Arabic served as the experimental group. They did three tasks, two writing activities and a cloze test, ranging from semi controlled (free writing) to the highly controlled cloze test. A control group of 30 Ball State University freshmen in Muncie, Indiana who speak English as a native language performed the same three tasks.For the first task, the subjects wrote about one of 15 possible topics. They then performed the second task, which was writing about a different topic, and were also provided a list of 35 contrastive transitions to use at their discretion. For the third task, the subjects inserted contrastive transitions in the blanks of the doze test, marking the confidence in their choices on scales provided in the margins.This study indicates that the Arabic ESL/EFL students use contrastive transitions when writing contrastively in English. However, the expression of these contrastive transitions is relatively inadequate and limited compared to that of their native-English speaking peers. The Arabic students show a high rate of success in their expression of but as a contrastive transition. However, they show a lower rate of success in their expression of other contrastive transitions. Furthermore, the difference in the levels of confidence in the choices between appropriate and inappropriate contrastive transitions used in a controlled context shows they have little or no idea if their choices are correct or not.Department of English
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Dadey, Bruce. "Rhetorics Rising: The Recovery of Rhetorical Traditions in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2789.
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This study suggests, through a rhetorical analysis of the role of orators and oration in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn, that literature can be a valuable resource for the study of comparative and contrastive rhetoric; conversely, it also demonstrates that a knowledge of culturally-specific rhetorical and narrative practices is important for understanding ethnic-American novels and their social significance. Written during periods of intense racial upheaval in the United States, Invisible Man and House Made of Dawn are, to use a term coined by George Kennedy, metarhetorics: works that explore, from cross-cultural and intercultural perspectives, the ends and means of rhetoric and the ways in which rhetoric is linked to the formation of individual, ethnic, and national identities. This exploration is undertaken through the diegetic rhetoric of the novels, the depiction of rhetorical practice within their fictional worlds. Ellison's young orator, who vacillates between accommodationist, communist, and African American vernacular rhetorics, and Momaday's alienated protagonist, who is healed through the postcolonial rhetoric of a Peyotist street preacher and the ritual rhetoric of a displaced Navajo chanter, both illustrate how the recovery of traditional rhetorical practices is an integral part of cultural empowerment. The interaction of culturally-specific systems of rhetoric is also embodied in the extradiegetic rhetoric of the novels, the means by which the novels themselves influence their readers. Central to the novels' own rhetorical effectiveness is their authors' strategic appropriation of modernist techniques, which allowed the works to negotiate multiple literary traditions or social contexts, to penetrate and transform the American canon, and to accommodate and affect readers from a broad range of cultural backgrounds.
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Lam, Fung Ming. "A contrastive structural analysis of Chinese and English newspapers of a collapsing building accident." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/369.
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Burlaga, Christine Marie. "A contrastive approach to the thematic analysis of text and genre: An examination of lead news articles in Le Monde, Al-Ittihad, and The New York Times." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2578.
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This thesis examines thematization and patterns of thematic progression (TP) in French, Arabic, and English lead news articles. Similarities between French, Arabic, and English themic lead news stories at the clausal and textual levels suggest that there may be a fundamental principle underlying how the mind organizes language. The results may be applied to the creation of translation software that is faithful to source texts at the sentential and global levels or used in teaching in a second language classroom.
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Jin, Lihua. "Rhétorique contrastive de l’écrit académique : étude contrastive de textes produits par des scripteurs apprenants et des scripteurs natifs." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL035.pdf.
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La présente étude cherche à aborder l’enseignement de l’écrit dans le cadre de la linguistique textuelle du discours. Dans la perspective de la rhétorique contrastive, l’étude porte essentiellement sur l’argumentation et sur la dimension cohésive des textes. Cette étude s’inscrit dans une perspective analytique comparative qui s’appuie sur des textes écrits par des locuteurs de langues différentes, divisés en deux groupes de scripteurs, notamment des apprenants asiatiques en L2 et des scripteurs natifs. Les textes recueillis sont soumis à l’examen du schéma argumentatif (topoï), de la relation de connexité et de la progression thématique. Comparés aux textes produits par les scripteurs natifs, les textes produits par les apprenants asiatiques se caractérisent par les traits suivants : 1. Le topos extrinsèque est privilégié comme garant argumentatif. 2. Le terme garant (topoï) est défectueux en nombre ; l’absence de topos est répétitive et imprévisible. 3. L’absence répétée de relation (logico) sémantique est problématique pour la réception du texte. S’ajoute à cela la dépendance à la relation d’addition simple. 4. La réalisation linguistique mise en œuvre pour la cohésion textuelle n’est pas pertinente avec la relation logico (sémantique) repérée. 5. La variété des marques de cohésion employées est restreinte. 6. Le cas de rupture thématique est plus important ; le cas fréquent d’une rupture thématique appelle d’autres ruptures thématiques successives. 7. Une occurrence de rupture thématique est suivie de préférence par une progression non-linéaire. 8. La distance mise entre la thématisation et l’élément initial de référence, est relativement importanteThis study seeks to approach the teaching of L2 writing in the textual linguistics context. From the perspective of contrastive rhetoric, the study focuses on the dimension of argumentation and the cohesive dimension of texts produced by different groups of writers. In the view of comparative discourse, this study aims to analyze texts written by speakers of two groups of writers, including Asian L2 learners and native French writers. The texts gathered are submitted to the examination of the argumentative scheme (topoï), the relation of connexity and the thematic progression. Compared to texts produced by native writers, what characterizes the texts produced by L2 learners can be summed up in: 1. The extrinsic topos is prevailed in terms of argumentative warrant (topoï). 2. The topoï is defective in number; the absence of topos is repetitive and unpredictable. 3. The high rate of the absence of semantic relation is problematic for the text comprehension. Plus, the dependence on the simple addition relation does not help the interpretation of the text. 4. The linguistic realization implemented for textual cohesion is irrelevant with the logico (semantic) relation identified. 5. The variety of cohesion markers used is restricted. 6. The case of thematic break is more important; The frequent case of a thematic rupture calling for other successive thematic breaks. 7. An occurrence of thematic break is preferably followed by a non-linear progression. 8. The distance between the thematization and the initial reference element is relatively remote
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Chakorn, Ora-Ong. "Contrastive rhetoric of English persuasive correspondence in the Thai business context : cross-cultural sales promotion, request and invitation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3660/.
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This research focuses on the contrastive analysis of authentic persuasive business correspondence written in English by Thai speakers and native English speakers in the Thai business context. Three types of persuasive correspondence - sales promotion, request, and invitation - were analysed from contrastive text linguistic and pragmatic perspectives. The purpose was to examine, compare and contrast their rhetorical structures, functions and linguistic realisations as well as persuasive and politeness strategies, and to compare these features to those found in textbook samples of persuasive letters in order to investigate the extent to which those samples represent the authentic, real-life correspondence. The findings report on cross-cultural variations which differentiate the persuasive writing patterns and strategies of Thais and native English speakers. Despite some shared writing conventions, the findings reveal diversity in some rhetorical moves, linguistic realisations, rhetorical appeals and politeness strategies. The diversity includes some cultural-bound discourse patterns and cultural-specific textual features, many of which can be traced to interference from the Thai language and culture. An exploration of the nature of sales promotion, request, and invitation letters presented in one American and two Thai textbooks on Business English writing reveals that their letter samples reflect the characteristics of the authentic corpus in the business contexts to which they belong. The implications of this research are twofold. First, it has implications for the teaching of English business letter writing especially in the Thai context and the innovation of more advanced materials and methods for this pedagogical purpose. Second, it raises an awareness of differences in persuasive writing across languages and cultures, worth noting for developing cross-cultural understanding and communication strategies for effective intercultural business interactions in the dynamic business environment of the 21st century.
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Wang, Wei. "Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia a contrastive genre study /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1701.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.
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Albalat, Mascarell Ana. "Análisis comparativo de las estrategias metadiscursivas en el género del debate electoral en España y Estados Unidos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/166438.
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[ES] Entendida como la disciplina que aborda el estudio de los usos comunicativos del lenguaje, la pragmática ha sido uno de los centros de la investigación en lingüística de las últimas décadas (Escandell Vidal, 2013). En línea con esta orientación teórica eminentemente funcional que otorga preeminencia tanto a la interacción emisor-receptor como al contexto de enunciación, el metadiscurso (Hyland y Tse, 2004; Hyland, 2018) se erige como un paradigma de análisis fiable en la medida en que proporciona un marco conceptual para comprender las diversas estrategias interpersonales que atienden al modo en el que el hablante organiza su discurso y se
relaciona con su destinatario, desvelando, por tanto, las prácticas retóricas propias de diferentes comunidades lingüísticas y culturales.
La presente propuesta busca examinar estos rasgos y patrones metadiscursivos en el discurso político hablado de las elecciones en España y los Estados Unidos, estableciendo así las bases para una investigación de las estrategias del discurso que acompañan y refuerzan al acto de habla. En este sentido, se pretende avanzar en una doble dirección epistemológica, revelando por un lado las estrategias interpersonales arriba citadas que expresan la función de persuasión en una modalidad concreta, la política, y por otro descubriendo la variabilidad interlingüística e intercultural de estas marcas persuasivas y de adecuación a las exigencias del contexto comunicativo. Todo ello se consigue al estudiar, desde una óptica comparativa, los debates electorales destinados a las comunidades española y estadounidense, aplicando los presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos ya mencionados sobre una gran base documental, es decir, avalada por procedimientos propios de la lingüística de corpus (Baker, 2010).[CAT] Entesa com la disciplina que aborda l'estudi dels usos comunicatius del llenguatge, la pragmàtica ha estat un dels centres de la investigació en lingüística de les últimes dècades (Escandell Vidal, 2013). En línea amb aquesta orientació teòrica eminentment funcional que atorga importància tant a la interacció emissor-receptor com al context d'enunciació, el metadiscurs (Hyland y Tse, 2004; Hyland, 2018), s'erigeix com un paradigma d'anàlisi fiable en la mesura en què proporciona un marc conceptual per comprendre les diverses estratègies interpersonals que atenen la manera en què l'autor organitza el text i es relaciona amb el destinatari, desvetlant, per tant, les practiques retòriques pròpies de diferents comunitats lingüístiques i culturals. La present proposta busca examinar aquests trets i patrons metadiscursius en el discurs polític parlat de les eleccions a Espanya i els Estats Units per tal d'establir les bases per a una investigació de les estratègies del discurs que acompanyen i reforcen l'acte de parla. En aquest sentit, pretenem avançar en una doble direcció epistemològica, examinant d'una banda les estratègies interpersonals adès citades que expressen la funció de persuasió en una modalitat concreta, la política, i d'altra descobrint la variabilitat interlingüística i intercultural d'aquests marcadors persuasius i d'adequació a les exigències del context comunicatiu. Tot això ho aconseguim arran d'estudiar, des d'una òptica comparativa, els debats electorals destinats a les comunitats espanyola i nord-americana, aplicant els pressupostos teòrics i metodològics ja esmentats sobre una gran base documental, és a dir, avalada per procediments propis de la lingüística de corpus (Baker, 2010).
[EN] Characterized as the discipline that focuses on the research of the communicative uses of language, pragmatics has been one of the main areas of linguistics in the last few decades (Escandell Vidal, 2013). In line with this functional orientation that gives prominence to both speaker-hearer interactions and the broad socio-cultural context, the interpersonal metadiscourse model (Hyland y Tse, 2004; Hyland, 2018) emerges as a reliable analytical framework since it provides a way to understand the diverse interpersonal strategies addressing the way in which speakers can organize their own discourse and engage with audiences, thus revealing diverse persuasive resources embedded in particular linguistic and cultural communities. The present proposal seeks to explore these metadiscursive traits and patterns in speeches belonging to the political election campaigns taking place in Spain and the United States, thus establishing the foundations for an investigation of the metadiscourse features that serve and reinforce the speech act. In this sense, it is intended to advance in a two-fold epistemological direction, signalling, on the one hand, the interpersonal strategies that accomplish the role of persuasion in a particular modality, the political one, and, on the other hand, exploring the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural variability of these persuasive markers adapted to the characteristics and demands of a given communicative context. This can be achieved by analizing, from a comparative perspective, the election campaign debates addressed to the Spanish and North-American communities, adjusting to the theories and analytical methods endorsed by corpus linguistics (Baker, 2010).
Albalat Mascarell, A. (2021). Análisis comparativo de las estrategias metadiscursivas en el género del debate electoral en España y Estados Unidos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/166438
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Kitano, Hiroko. "Cross-cultural differences in written discourse patterns : a study of acceptability of Japanese expository compositions in American universities." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4084.
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Since Kaplan started the study of contrastive rhetoric, researchers have investigated Japanese and English compositions and have found some differences between them. However, few studies have investigated how these differences are perceived by native English readers when the different rhetorical patterns are transferred to English writing.
Drawing from Hinds' study, this research focuses on the following: how the Japanese style of writing is evaluated by Japanese and American readers, especially in academic situations, how Japanese rhetorical patterns are perceived by American readers, and how a change of organization affects the evaluation by American readers.
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Huang, Ming. "Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
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La concession est une relation logique « secondaire » complexe qui se nourrit de plusieurs notions de base : l’hypothèse, la temporalité, la causalité, la négation, l’intensité, la subjectivité, etc. En reliant toutes ces notions, nous traitons les quatre locutions concessives les plus utilisées ainsi que leurs homologues dérivés de la même série en chinois : ji shi « bien que » « même si », sui ran « bien que » « malgré » (et zong ran « bien que » « même si »), na pa « bien que » « même si », jiu shi « même si » (et jiu suan « bien que » « même si »). L’objectif de notre travail est d’explorer le mécanisme concessif dans ces deux langues typologiquement distantes et différentes. En nous inscrivant en principe dans la même ligne que A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 et 1987) et O. Soutet (1987, 1990 et 1992), etc., nos recherches démontrent non seulement l’évolution diachronique de ce marqueur concessif étudié, mais mettent également en évidence ses rapprochements avec certains connecteurs analogues français (tels que cependant, alors, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) pendant leur processus de grammaticalisation d’une manière à la fois sémantico-logique et syntaxico-discursive. Notre étude comprend divers corpus allant du chinois archaïque au chinois moderne, ainsi que des méthodologies linguistiques pour classer et traduire les exemples choisis. Nous constatons une ressemblance frappante entre la combinaison des notions de base au cours de la formation du mécanisme concessif dans les deux langues étudiéesThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
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Davies, Roger J. "The academic writing of Japanese students of English : contrastive rhetoric and its implications for an integrated approach to composition pedagogy." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-academic-writing-of-japanese-students-of-english--contrastive-rhetoric-and-its-implications-for-an-integrated-approach-to-composition-pedagogy(bc114cb9-af5b-4b89-b4f6-77fa1b69ab73).html.
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This thesis begins with the assertion that there are serious inadequacies in the academic writing of Japanese students of English studying at the post-secondary level in Japan. To substantiate this claim, Chapter 1 presents a preliminary profile of student writing, based on a survey of the literature, the testimony of established authorities, and representative samples of student compositions, establishing baseline parameters of infelicity in their written work and identifying key features that characterize such writing. This survey also reveals numerous problems inherent in the research carried out to date, including the fact that terminological confusions are widespread and findings tend to be impressionistic and anecdotal. Chapter 1 concludes with a statement of the basic premise of this thesis, claiming that given effective instruction, based on an integrated approach to composition pedagogy, Japanese EL2 students are capable of making significant improvements in their academic writing skills. Although purely descriptive, taxonomic approaches to the analysis of written discourse, such as the profile of student writing presented in Chapter 1, are often a useful initial heuristic, they also have a number of important limits, especially in accommodating cross-language linguistic evidence, and in providing a suitable basis for understanding the origins of students' writing difficulties. Such issues cannot be resolved at this level of analysis and need to be addressed within a framework of applied linguistic theory. Chapter 2 establishes this framework, exploring the evolution of research models in contrastive rhetoric and examining the influence of related areas of investigation in contrastive linguistics and discourse linguistics. Based on the assumption that language learners will transfer the rhetorical features of their native language to the target language, causing interference in second language writing, contemporary theories in contrastive rhetoric have moved beyond the boundaries of text itself to include the cognitive and sociocultural dimensions of language transfer, in particular the context in which text is produced, both situational and cultural. This research paradigm provides the theoretical basis for the investigations that follow, defining the conceptual parameters of the present study. Although contrastive rhetoric has been strongly influenced by movements within applied linguistics, it also has a direct relationship with both classical and modem rhetoric. Chapter 3 explores this relationship, examining the evolution of rhetoric and discourse education in the western tradition in an investigation designed to clarify the standards, norms, and conventions that define the writing canon of modem English prose, and to identify the historical antecedents of modem-day disciplines such as discourse analysis, text linguistics, and composition pedagogy. While the study of rhetoric helps specify the qualities that define effective writing in English, how they originated, and why they continue to be valued, the vi goal of research in composition pedagogy is to develop approaches, methods, and techniques for the classroom which will tell us how such writing should be taught. Chapter 4 provides an overview of composition pedagogy in both Li and L2 contexts, investigating the multiplicity of approaches to teaching writing cuffently proliferating in the field and the theoretical assumptions that underlie them. Chapters 5 and 6 provide a roughly parallel descriptive framework for Japanese rhetoric along cultural, historical, and educational dimensions, for if rhetorical transfer from Japanese can be presumed to be one the main reasons for students' writing difficulties in English, then it is essential to have a rigorous accounting of Japanese rhetorical conventions, including the cultural and educational contexts from which they arise. Chapter 5 defines the principal characteristics of Japanese rhetoric from a sociohistorical perspective, identifying formative elements in the culture that influence rhetorical values and preferences, while Chapter 6 assesses the educational environment in which writing skills are acquired in Japan in a survey of Li and L2 composition instruction and practice in Japanese schools. Building on the conclusions drawn from these investigations, Chapter 7 sets forth a proposal of pedagogic action designed to offer solutions to the writing difficulties of Japanese EL2 students in an approach to L2 composition instruction which integrates research in contrastive rhetoric, applied linguistic theory, and general pedagogic principles. This proposed pedagogy is tested in an empirical study of student writing based on a pretestlposttest, experimental/control group design, and the results are discussed in terms of the importance of integrating approaches to composition pedagogy along diachronic, synchronic, and human dimensions.
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Lee, Choi-sim, and 李彩嬋. "The macro-structure of English and Chinese editorial in Hong Kong newspapers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961058.
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Chao, Yu-Chuan Joni. "Contrastive rhetoric, lexico-grammatical knowledge, writing expertise, and metacognitive knowledge an integral account of the development of English writing by Taiwanese students." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2003. http://d-nb.info/989314758/04.
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Chao, Yu-Chuan Joni. "Contrastive rhetoric, lexico-grammatical knowledge, writing expertise, and metacognitive knowledge: An integrated account of the development of English writing by Taiwanese students (China)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3119448.
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The purpose of this study is to draw together various perspectives into a coherent framework that will identify relative importance of respective factors and developmental changes in accounting for second language (L2) writing. A total of 517 Taiwanese EFL students from four educational levels were recruited for inquiring into the development of EFL writing. Quantitative analyses of writing tasks, vocabulary tests and questionnaires were used to describe and explain the multi-faceted nature of EFL writing in terms of the likely influencing factors. Initially the contributions of respective factors were examined separately. Rhetorical analyses of students' English and Chinese compositions showed there were co-existing positive and negative influences of first language (L1) rhetoric on English writing. Analyses of lexical use and errors in English compositions, plus results from the assessment of two vocabulary tests, indicated that lexical and grammatical knowledge was a critical factor in explaining English writing. Results of students' Chinese writing abilities in relation to English writing proficiency revealed that the transfer of Chinese writing expertise was conditioned by a developed Chinese expertise and a lack of English writing experiences. Findings from the written-speech analysis of English essays suggested a transitional development whereby spoken language was used. Analyses of questionnaires indicated that EFL writing was positively related to attention on the macro-level structure and negatively related to micro-level concerns. Subsequently, integrated analyses were conducted to examine the interplay among these factors. The shared variability of factors contributed a much larger portion to the explanation of developmental changes, suggesting that the development of EFL writing involves the interaction among influencing factors much more than the individual factors themselves. The unique contributions (independent of other interrelated variables) showed that essay length outweighed the other predictors, suggesting a need for instruction to develop the skill of fluency. A determining factor that consistently accounted for English writing performance was the students' levels of English learning and English writing experiences. The implication is that, particularly in the context where writing is neglected for beginning or intermediate learners, there is a need to revitalize writing as a communicative skill in the EFL curriculum.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Maxwell-Reid, Corinne Rhona. "Effect of bilingual education on students' first language written discourse : a contrastive Spanish-English study using systemic functional linguistics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6189.
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This thesis investigates whether studying through English has an effect on the written texts secondary school students produce in their first language, Spanish. Research in bilingual education has tended to focus on students‟ language proficiency and academic achievement as opposed to investigating differences in discourse norms. However, an increased awareness of the role of discourse in language use and the culturally-specific nature of discourse, along with a growing concern over the dominance of the English language in Europe and elsewhere, have widened the range of questions identified as requiring investigation in bilingual education. Popular understanding suggests that English speakers make different choices from Spanish speakers in particular rhetorical situations. Although research into these contrasts can be problematic, there is support for the existence of cultural preference in the selection of options, and specific areas of similarity and difference between Spanish and English discourse have been suggested. This study then looks at one group of secondary three (3º E.S.O.) Spanish students studying through English on a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme in Spain, and compares two sets of argumentative texts written in Spanish by the CLIL students with equivalent texts written by non-CLIL students in the same school. Forty-eight texts are examined in total, and the comparison draws on previous research into discourse differences between Spanish and English texts from contrastive rhetoric, systemic functional linguistics (SFL), and other fields, using tools from SFL for the textual analysis. Areas of analysis include use of clause complexes, multiple Theme and thematic progression, and also genre structure and text organisation strategies for argumentative writing. The main contrasts are found to be in length of t-units, use of simplexes versus complexes, use of multiple Theme, and some issues of text structure. These differences largely correspond to contrasts found in studies comparing written Spanish and written English text, with the CLIL students‟ texts showing features more commonly associated with English writing. Additional data from analysis of the geography textbooks used by the CLIL and non-CLIL students, questionnaires administered to these students, and interviews with their teachers are also used to explore the possible CLIL effect on the students‟ written text. The study discusses how discourse conventions associated with English text in contrast with Spanish text may have influenced the Spanish writing of the CLIL students, considering possibilities including the effect of direct and indirect teaching, and the more general impact of the CLIL programme. Also explored is the question of whether this possible influence of English on Spanish language use is a matter for concern or not, with increased work on language and discourse awareness suggested as a potential response. Methodological issues raised through the study relating to aspects of text analysis and of data collection are also addressed.
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Zhao, Yebing. "A Comparative Study of Narrative Rhetoric between Chinese and American English Majors." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1450181210.
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Raschke, Suzanne. "Patterns of rhetoric/patterns of culture : a look at the English writing of Japanese students." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4197.
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That a link exists between language and culture has long been accepted; however, not only the extent, but also the exact nature of that link remains unclear. In recent years, rhetoricians have raised questions about how culture affects the patterns of organization and other rhetorical features of writing. At present, the search for answers to these questions is made difficult by the cultural bias imposed by the language of any analysis of writing that may be undertaken and by a lack of criteria that can be used in performing such an analysis.
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Bi, Xiao. "Rhétorique de la dissertation : étude contrastive des conventions d’écriture académique en français et en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA036/document.
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Cette thèse, qui relève de la didactique du français langue étrangère, traite des conventions d’écriture académique en français et en chinois dans une perspective de rhétorique contrastive. Nous étudions deux genres académiques propres à l’enseignement supérieur en France et en Chine : la dissertation et le yilun wen, respectivement. Les deux exercices détiennent un statut comparable ; ils obéissent tous deux à un système de normes relativement stables, à une structure clairement fixée et font figure d’ « exercice-roi » dans chacune des deux cultures éducatives. La comparaison entre ces deux genres scolaires et universitaires nous permet d’analyser les difficultés rencontrées par un groupe d’étudiants chinois en FLE dans la rédaction d’une dissertation et les transferts qu’ils opèrent en français des conventions d’écriture issues du yilun wen. Cette analyse est éclairée par celle des annotations marginales portées sur leurs copies de dissertation par des correcteurs français. A travers les résultats d’une enquête menée par questionnaire auprès de groupes d’étudiants (chinois et français), la thèse s’attache ensuite aux représentations très disparates que les deux ensembles de groupes se font de la signification de ces normes du point culturel et cognitif.La thèse s’attache enfin à décrire la rhétorique traditionnelle chinoise à travers l’analyse du bagu wen et du schéma Qi-Cheng-Zhuan-He, un dispositif traditionnel toujours proposé dans les manuels et pratiqué par les étudiantsThis study compares academic writing conventions in French and Chinese from the point of view of Contrastive Rhetoric in the field of French teaching and learning as a foreign language. We spot respectively in French and Chinese education systems a specific genre: the French dissertation and the Chinese yilun wen. They have a comparable status, a clear structure and strict rules to follow. The comparison between these two genres indicates that the rules are not shared between French and Chinese students and that certain criteria required in the Chinese yilun wen appear far removed from French dissertation. Thus Chinese students encounter intricate difficulties in writing French dissertations and negative transfers under the influence from Chinese writing conventions. This result is also confirmed by the analysis of dissertations written by the Chinese students of our corpus. The surveys conducted among French and Chinese learners show that they are not fully aware of the cultural differences of standards in writing. The analysis of comments by French teachers of dissertation written by Chinese students shows that they are not better armed than their students in face of the differences of textual organization (both the construction and the way of realization) in French and Chinese. We attend to hold endly how the organization of traditional Chinese Rhetoric (the bagu wen and the Qi-Cheng-Zhuan-He schemes), still proposed by textbooks and practiced by learners, exert more or less influence on French writing of the Chinese students
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Loy, Kumiko Honjo 1950. "Evaluation of Japanese Ki-Sho-Ten-Ketsu essay organization vis a vis the English Five Part Essay by native English speaking college composition students and implications for contrastive rhetoric." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276809.
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College composition students and graduate assistant teachers were tested for their perceptions of coherence, focus, organization, and overall quality of essays written in the Japanese Ki-Sho-Ten-Ketsu rhetorical pattern of organization as opposed to the English Five Part Essay style of organization where the experimental essays were otherwise identical. These perceptions were measured on a 4-point Lykert scale. The composition students were also tested for their total recall of the essays. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, and no significant effect for treatment was observed. The results of this study suggest that for the Japanese Ki-Sho-Ten-Ketsu/English Five Part Essay pair the negative effects of native language rhetorical pattern on readers of the second language may be less important than the theory of contrastive rhetoric would suggest. Consequently, alternative forms of possible cultural interference such as cultural background knowledge (content) and the role played by writing in a culture warrant greater scrutiny.
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Schweiger, Kathrin Stefanie. "Estratégias retóricas de distribuição de informação e a sinalização léxico-gramatical em introduções de dissertações de mestrado na área de alemão da USP/São Paulo e da LMU/Munique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-05082011-154652/.
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A presente pesquisa trata da descrição e da análise de estratégias retóricas que abrangem a distribuição e organização funcional e conteudística de segmentos textuais de introduções de dissertações de mestrado. Para o fim proposto, os textos de introduções foram extraídos de dissertações de mestrado do Institut für Deutsch als Fremdsprache/Transnationale Germanistik da LMU de Munique e da Área de Alemão da USP, Brasil, escritas nas línguas de cada país: alemão e português. O corpus é composto de 44 textos de introdução. Com base na perspectiva linguístico-contrastiva, as constatações da retórica contrastiva, juntamente com a análise de gênero de orientação sócio-retórica, formam os fundamentos teóricos desse trabalho. Com o intuito de determinar a distribuição e a organização dos segmentos textuais, foi empregado o modelo CARS de SWALES (1990, 2004), desenvolvido inicialmente para analisar a estrutura organizacional de introduções científicas do gênero artigo. A prioridade da presente pesquisa foi a de identificar e localizar as estratégias que o autor da dissertação de mestrado utiliza, para apresentar seu próprio trabalho (movimento 3 de Swales). Devido à grande variação da sequência de estratégias retóricas não foi possível determinar um modelo organizacional claro dos textos nas duas línguas. Contudo, a descrição dos dados tornou possível a constatação de estratégias principais e secundárias empregadas na apresentação dos próprios trabalhos. Incluem-se entre as estratégias principais: a) a denominação do estabelecimento de metas, b) indicações sobre o método de procedimento, assim como c) indicações sobre a estrutura textual. Adicionalmente, é importante para os autores dos textos em questão indicar o que o trabalho não é capaz de realizar, uma estratégia não existente no modelo de Swales e que, para as introduções das dissertações de mestrado consideradas, é essencial. Contextos diferentes da produção (como, por exemplo, posições com graus hierárquicos distintos) conduzem a uma valorização diferente nas metas comunicativas, fazendo com que, por exemplo, o movimento 3 tenha um papel mais importante nas introduções de dissertações do que em artigos científicos, nos quais a revelação de uma lacuna de pesquisa é muito importante. Além da identificação e da organização de estratégias retóricas, também foi considerada a sua realização linguística e gramatical no alemão e no português, assim como examinado o emprego dos pronomes pessoais que indicam as autorreferências. Assim, objetivou-se verificar em que papéis acadêmicos o autor aparece em seus textos. Os fundamentos teóricos empregados foram fornecidos por HYLAND (2002), STEINHOFF (2007) e SCHMIDT (2010). Como resultado é possível afirmar que a) os autores dos textos em português não seguem um mesmo modelo no que concerne ao emprego de pronomes pessoais, b) nos textos em alemão o autor quase não aparece, fazendo com que as referências de autor sem a presença do agente predominem, e c) nos textos em português e em alemão o autor aparece predominantemente na função de autor, isto é, quando, por exemplo, aparecem indicações sobre a organização textual. Os resultados deste trabalho têm como meta servir de subsídio para a produção de material didático que forneça aos futuros mestrandos recursos para a elaboração de textos de introdução nas duas línguas.This study explores the description and analysis of rhetorical strategies utilized in the content-related distribution and organization of textual segments of master theses introductions. For this purpose, introduction texts were taken from masters dissertations of the Institut für Deutsch als Fremdsprache/Transnationale Germanistik of the LMU of Munich and of the German Department at Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, each written in its respective national language: German and Portuguese. The corpus consists of 44 introductions. Due to the linguistic contrastive perspective, the findings of the contrastive rhetoric constitute the theoretical basis of this research, together with the genre analysis of socio-rhetoric orientation. In order to determine the distribution and disposal of the text segments, the CARS model by SWALES (1990, 2004) was employed. This model was initially developed to analyze the organizational structure of scientific introductions of research articles. The primary focus of this study is to identify and locate the strategies that each dissertation author uses to present its own work (Swales move 3). Due to a great variety of rhetoric sequences, it was not possible to determine a conclusive organizational structure of the texts in either language. However, a description of the data made it possible to determine primary and secondary strategies employed in the presentation of master theses. Primary strategies include: a) indication of goal setting, b) indications concerning the methodical procedure, as well as c) indications about the structure of the text. Furthermore, it is important for the authors to indicate what cannot be achieved, a strategy which is not considered by Swales in his model and which is essential for the analyzed introductions of masters dissertations. Different production contexts (as, for example, positions with different hierarchical degrees) lead to a different valuation of the communicative goals, having as a result that, for example, move three in master thesis introductions plays a more important role than in scientific articles, in which the indication of a research gap is of great importance. In addition to the identification and organization of rhetoric strategies, linguistic and grammatical use in German and Portuguese was also considered, as well as the use of personal pronouns that indicate references to the author depending on the agent. The intention was to verify in which academic rules the author appears in his texts. The theoretical fundamentals employed were based on HYLAND (2002), STEINHOFF (2007) and SCHMIDT (2010). As a result, it is possible to state that a) the authors of texts in Portuguese do not follow the same model concerning the use of personal pronouns, b) in the German text the authorial presence is frequently hidden behind passive forms c) in the Portuguese, as well as in the German texts, the author appears mainly in the rule of the agent, for example, when indications about the textual organization appear. The results of this work intend to serve as a basis for the production of didactic materials by providing instruments for future masters students to employ in the production of introduction texts in both languages.
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Allen, Rosemary Joy. "Combining content-based and EAP approaches to academic writing: Towards an eclectic program." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1788.
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Over the past decade, Australian universities have experienced an exponential increase in the enrolment of fee-paying overseas students whose preparation for tertiary studies may differ significantly from that of local students. Despite English language proficiency requirements, there is some concern that international entry tests do not adequately measure the complex features of university writing; an important concern given that student success is heavily dependent on their mastery of academic writing. As a result, many international students require additional support structures. Until the present, debate about the most effective way to meet the diverse needs of English as an Additional Language (EAL) writers entering universities has concerned a choice between two alternatives: on one hand a separate, short-term English for Academic Purposes (EAP) language program and on the other, direct entry into disciplines with lecturers taking responsibility for assisting students to learn the discipline-specific language skills required. While the Australian Universities Quality Agency (AUQA, 2009, 2013) supports the latter view, this research investigates a third alternative; that is, an English for Academic Purposes Pathway program (EAPP) that not only teaches general academic English skills, but also English required in discipline specific contexts, as well as important and necessary adjunct skills that support writing.
This three-phase, mixed-methods study used both qualitative and quantitative data to investigate the efficacy of such a program. The study, which was analytic, descriptive and comparative in approach, was conducted in a naturalistic setting and, where possible, qualitative data were used to support the findings from quantitative data. Theoretical propositions guided the data collection and provided important links to connect primary and secondary research. Phase 1 investigated the academic writing needs perceived by 60 students who were either studying in the 20-week or 10-week EAPP program at Swan University (a pseudonym). Perceptions of student needs by 13 EAPP teachers were also analysed and writing samples collected. In Phase 2, the cohort decreased to 31 students representing seven faculties. Perceptions of 17 faculty staff from across and within these seven faculties were sought regarding the tasks and genres required for EAL students to meet the writing expectations within these disciplines. The marked ex-EAPP student’s faculty writing assignments were collected and analysed at the end of first semester. At this stage, because the volume of student writing produced over the course of the study was so large, disproportional stratified random sampling was used to select and analyse the EAPP and faculty writing of a sample of seven students. Research by Kaldor, Herriman and Rochecouste (1998) provided direction for frame analysis which was used to analyse the student writing. In Phase 3, which was conducted one year after entering their chosen faculties, 22 students replied to a request to judge which, if any, writing skills from their EAPP program had transferred to assist them with their faculty writing.
Findings are discussed in relation to four major issues. Firstly, reflections provided by ex-EAPP students ascertained that, on entering the EAPP program, the majority of them had been academically, linguistically, culturally and socially unprepared for study at master’s degree level in an Australian university. Secondly, analysis determined that in the students’ first year of faculty study, writing tasks and genres were almost identical in type, complexity and word-count restrictions to those taught in the EAPP program and that students readily adapted to the highly specified frameworks of any tasks that were unfamiliar. A third major finding was the significance that students placed on the type of feedback necessary to support their writing. Finally, students identified major areas of improvement in their academic writing at the end of the program, but provided suggestions in key pedagogical areas about how the EAPP program could be improved to better address their needs. This study found that EAL writing development involves much more than content knowledge, mastery over discipline-specific genre requirements and a wide vocabulary. Academic writing comprises a complex combination of extratextual, circumtextual, intratextual and intertextual features and skills, some of which are completely new to international students. A model was proposed to illustrate elements that provide: circumtextual assistance for prewriting support; intertextual assistance through reading and writing support; extratextual assistance through sociocultural support, and intratextual assistance through the scaffolding of academic writing skills. To conclude, recommended modifications to the program are presented.
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Bowen, Arabella. "Contrasting identities/competing rhetorics, anglophones' challenge to Quebec's national project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ43611.pdf.
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Oliver, del Olmo Sònia. "Análisis contrastivo español/inglés de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico: el artículo de investigación y el caso clínico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7582.
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La presente tesis doctoral tiene como propósito el estudio del fenómeno sociopragmático llamado atenuación retórica (hedging en inglés) en dos géneros distintos del discurso médico escrito: los artículos de investigación científica y los informes de caso o casos médicos. Con este fin se examina un corpus de ambos géneros escritos en español y en inglés (L2) por científicos españoles y publicados en revistas científicas de prestigio en el campo de la biomedicina . Se comparan los resultados obtenidos del análisis del corpus con los obtenidos por otros autores con muestras lingüísticas escritas en inglés. El trabajo, pues, consiste en un análisis interlingüístico e intergenérico de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico. Un interés particular que presenta la tesis reside en las aplicaciones pedagógicas que tiene para los profesores de enseñanza de idiomas con fines específicos (LFE).La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu l'estudi del fenòmen sociopragmàtic anomenat atenuació retòrica (hedging en anglès) en dos gèneres diferents del discurs mèdic escrit: els articles d' investigació científica i els informes de cas o casos mèdics. Amb aquesta finalitat s' examina un corpus en ambdós gèneres escrits en espanyol i en anglès (L2) per cientifics espanyols i publicats en revistes científiques de prestigi en el camp de la biomedicina . Es comparen els resultats obtinguts de l'anàlisis del corpus amb els obtinguts per altres autors amb mostres lingüístiques escrites en anglès. El treball, doncs, consisteix en una anàlisi interlingüística i intergenèrica de la atenuació retòrica en el discurs mèdic. Un interès particular que presenta la tesis resideix en les aplicacions pedagògiques que té pels professors d' ensenyament d' idiomes per a finalitats específiques (LFE).
This PhD aims at studying the sociopragmatic phenomenon called hedging in two different genres of the written medical discourse: the research article and the case report. Therefore, a corpus of these two genres is examined both in Spanish and in English (L2). Being all texts written by Spanish scientists and published in scientific journals of prestige in the biomedical field . The results obtained in the corpus analysis are then compared to the ones obtained by other authors with similar linguistic samples written in English. This thesis, hence, consists of itergeneric and interlinguistic analyses of hedging in medical disourse. A special interest of this research project may lay in the pedagogical applications for teachers of languages for specific purposes (LSP).
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Carvalho, Ednúsia Pinto de. "A atenuação retórica em artigos de pesquisa: um estudo contrastivo com base em corpora." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6644.
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CARVALHO, Ednúsia Pinto de. A atenuação retórica em artigos de pesquisa: um estudo contrastivo com base em corpora. 2011. 127f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2011.Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-14T15:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_EPdeCarvalho.pdf: 1630146 bytes, checksum: 3c417235cc5090a6cb9de83fc915f723 (MD5)
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This thesis investigates, from a rhetoric-contrastive perspective, the uses and functions of rhetoric mitigation metadiscursive marks (here hedging devices) in research articles produced by Brazilian and German authors and understood as specialized texts (HOFFMANN, 1998), inserted in the expert-expert communicative context (PEARSON, 1998). To achieve this goal, the present study aims at answering the following questions: (a) how often are hedging strategies employed in the introduction and conclusion sections? (b) what is the relationship between the number of hedges in each subcorpus and the rhetorical characteristics of each analyzed section? (c) how often do the lexico-grammatical items performing the role of hedges appear in each subcorpus? The starting point for the investigation was the assumption that texts belonging to the same genre but written in different languages present striking rhetorical distinctions. Such differences in academic writing can be described by the use of hedges as discourse-pragmatic elements which characterize the "modus dicendi" of a given knowledge area; in the present case, Medicine. A corpus of 120 research articles from national and international medical journals was built, including texts written in German and Portuguese; the articles were collected from the CAPES periodics website. This corpus consists of 60 Medicine articles written in Portuguese and 60 articles written in German, divided into two subcorpora, namely, Corpus 1: Medicine-German and Corpus 2 : Medicine-Portuguese. The former is made of two subcorpora, (i) German Medicine Introduction (MAI) and (ii) German Medicine Discussion (MAD); the latter is also subdivided into two parts, (i) Portuguese Medicine Introduction (MPI) and (ii) Portuguese Medicine Discussion (MPD). The data were analyzed and processed in accordance with the Corpus Linguistics methodological principles, in an instrumental application of its methods. The data were treated with the help of a linguistic analysis software called WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), version 3.0, especially the Wordlist and Concord tools. In order to investigate and analyze the uses and functions of the hedges, from the Interactional Metadiscourse (HYLAND, 2005) and Intercultural Rhetoric (CONNOR, 2008) perspectives, given the corpora collected, we have proposed a classification model, in accordance with the taxonomies proposed by Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) and Martín-Martín (2008). The results of the analysis have pointed to the occurrence of a largest number of hedges, in both languages, in the discussion section of the articles, followed by the introduction section. Both present a high number of occurrences of indetermination devices (epistemic expressions, such as modal verbs, lexical verbs, semi-auxiliary verbs, and modal adjectives / adverbs) and disagentivization (impersonal expressions, passive voice).We can therefore conclude that the authors of the Medicine research articles, both those in Portuguese and in German, employ the same amount of hedges in order to achieve the communicative purposes of the research paper genre, given the position the authors occupy in the academic community and the interpersonal relationship they wish to establish with the audience. This research contributes to minimize the gap in the studies on hedging under a contrastive perspective, based on corpora of scholarly texts in Portuguese and German in the Medicine area.
Esta tese investiga sob uma perspectiva retórico-contrastiva, os usos e as funções das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica (hedges), em artigos de pesquisa, considerados, aqui, textos especializados (HOFFMANN, 1998), pertencentes ao contexto comunicativo: especialista-especialista (PEARSON, 1998), produzidos por autores (as) brasileiros (as) e alemães (as). Para cumprir tal objetivo, a pesquisa intenciona responder aos seguintes questionamentos: (a) qual a freqüência das estratégias de atenuação retórica utilizadas nas seções introdução e conclusão? (b) qual a relação existente entre o número de marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica em cada subcorpus e as características retóricas de cada seção em análise? (c) qual a freqüência dos itens léxico-gramaticais que realizam as marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica em cada subcorpus. Para tanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que textos pertencentes a um mesmo gênero discursivo, porém escritos em línguas distintas apresentam diferenças retóricas marcantes. Tais diferenças no discurso acadêmico escrito podem ser descritas pelo uso das marcas de atenuação retórica como elemento discursivo-pragmático caracterizador de um “modus dicendi” de uma determinada área do conhecimento, no caso, a Medicina. Para a investigação dessas marcas de atenuação, selecionamos um corpus composto por 120 artigos de pesquisa em Medicina de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, coletados, no site de periódicos da CAPES, escritos em língua alemã e em língua portuguesa. O referido corpus de estudo compõe-se de: 60 artigos em Medicina escritos em português e 60 artigos escritos em língua alemã, divididos em dois subcorpora, a saber, Corpus 1- Medicina Alemão, composto por dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina Alemão Introdução (MAI) e (ii) Medicina-Alemão Discussão (MAD) , Corpus 2- Medicina Português, com dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina Português Introdução (MPI) e (ii) Medicina Português Discussão (MPD). Na análise e tratamento dos dados, utilizamos os princípios metodológicos da Lingüística de Corpus, aplicando seu caráter instrumental. Para avaliar os dados dessa pesquisa, utilizamos o programa computacional de análise lingüística, WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), versão 3.0, as ferramentas Wordlist e o Concord. Para investigar e analisar os usos e as funções das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação, sob uma perspectiva do Metadiscurso Interacional (HYLAND, 2005) e da Retórica Intercultural (CONNOR, 2008), tendo em vista os corpora em análise, propomos um modelo classificatório, em conformidade com as taxonomias propostas por Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) e Martín-Martín (2008). Conforme os resultados, a seção de discussão concentra o maior número de ocorrências das marcas de atenuação retórica nas duas línguas, seguida da seção de introdução. Ambas apresentam um elevado número de ocorrências das estratégias de indeterminação (as expressões epistêmicas, como verbos modais, lexicais, semi-auxiliares) e os adjetivos/advérbios modais,) e desagentivação (as expressões impessoais, voz passiva). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que os autores tanto em português como em alemão nos artigos de pesquisa na Medicina fazem uso na mesma proporção de estratégias de atenuação para atender aos propósitos comunicativos do gênero textual-artigo de pesquisa, como também pela posição que ocupam na comunidade acadêmica e pela relação interpessoal que desejam estabelecer com a audiência. Essa pesquisa contribui para minimizar a lacuna existente com relação aos estudos sócio-retóricos das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação, sob uma perspectiva contrastiva, em corpora escritos em português e alemão de artigos acadêmicos na Medicina.
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Bussenot, Sara. "La communication publique des entreprises françaises et suédoises : Une étude sur la traduction de la terminologie RSE, les mots abstraits ou à la mode et les différences syntactiques." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35264.
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How do Swedish and French corporate communication differ from a linguistic point of view? This paper compares corporate communication in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and is based on extracts from Renault’s 2013 CSR Report. The original French report is compared to its Swedish translation made by the author of this paper. On the background of translation theories and works dealing with problematic aspects of translation the analysis focuses on three key areas: CSR terminology, buzz words, and syntactical differences. The analysis of terminology examines the influence of English on French and Swedish CSR terminology and confirms that Swedish is open to English influence to a greater extent than French. The analysis of buzz words shows that although this type of words is common in Swedish corporate communication they are more frequently used in French. The analysis of syntactical differences deals with how lengthy French sentences are translated into Swedish and our study shows that in most cases Swedish translations tend to pass the semantic messages of such sentences by breaking them into several shorter sentences. Lastly, our analysis concludes that French, in many ways, is a more rhetoric language than Swedish.
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Mohamed, Ayisha. "A contrastive study of syntactic relations, cohesion and punctuation as markers of rhetorical organization in Arabic and English narrative texts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333348.
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Cokal, Derya. "A Contrastive Analysis Of The Pronominal Usages Of This And That In Academic Written Discourse." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606268/index.pdf.
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This study presents a contrastive analysis of the pronominal uses of this and that in academic written discourse. As data, the pronominal uses of this and that are retrieved from journal articles on linguistics. From these journals, 586 articles are scanned for the pronominal uses of this and that and 198 tokens are analysed.
The contrastive analysis is done in terms of the kind and span of referents this and that pick out in discourse, the types of centering transitions they signal and the rhetorical relations in which they are used. In order to investigate the types of transition they signal, the version of centering theory proposed by Grosz and Sidner (1986) and Grosz, Joshi and Weinstein (1995) is used. Also, Marcu&rsquos version (2000) of Rhetorical Structure Theory is used to analyze the rhetorical relations in which the expressions are used. The study also investigate the possible factors that lead an addresser to select one deictic expression instead of the other. The study concludes that this and that are cue phrases rather than discourse markers that construct local and global coherence.
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Al-Hujaili, Hamdah A. "The organization of general-specific information structure in the EFL compositions of Arab students : a contrastive rhetorical study of Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272993.
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Svensson, Maria. "Marqueurs corrélatifs en français et en suédois : Étude sémantico-fonctionnelle de d’une part… d’autre part, d’un côté… de l’autre et de non seulement… mais en contraste." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Romanska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-125659.
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This thesis deals with the correlative markers d’une part… d’autre part, d’un côté… de l’autre and non seulement… mais in French and their Swedish counterparts dels… dels, å ena sidan… å andra sidan and inte bara… utan. These markers are composed of two separate parts generally occurring together, and announce a serial of at least two textual units to be considered together. The analyses of the use of these three French and three Swedish markers are based upon two corpora of non-academic humanities texts. The first, principal corpus, is composed only of original French and Swedish texts. The second, complementary corpus, is composed of source texts in the two languages and their translations in the other language. By the combination of these two corpora, this study is comparative as well as contrastive. Through application of the Geneva model of discourse analysis and the Rhetorical Structure Theory, a semantic and functional approach to correlative markers and their text-structural role is adopted. The study shows similarities as well as differences between the six markers, both within each language and between the languages. D’une part… d’autre part and dels… dels principally mark a conjunctive relation, whereas d’un côté… de l’autre and å ena sidan… å andra sidan more often are used in a contrastive relation, even though they all can be used for both kinds of relations. Non seulement… mais and inte bara… utan mark a conjunctive relation, but can also indicate that the second argument is stronger than the first one. By the use of these two markers, the language users also present the first one as given and the second one as new information. In general, the French correlative markers appear to have a more argumentative function, whereas the text-structural function is demonstrated to be the most important in Swedish.
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Lyakhova, Moulin Mariya. "La concession en russe moderne." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30008/document.
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Dans cette thèse sur la concession en russe moderne, nous avons cerné cette notion en élaborant un schéma prototypique servant à classer différents types de constructions concessives et à intégrer le maximum de structures marquées comme concessives. Ainsi le schéma proposé (p, Cq), basé sur la notion de contraste entre les implications des contenus de p et q, les évaluations de ces contenus ou les actes illocutoires p et q, prend pour principal repère C, conjonction ou préposition concessive. Nous avons étudié la relation concessive dans des constructions bi-Propositives et des propositions simples. Cet ensemble est classé en fonction du statut épistémique de q, puis subdivisé en non-Conditionnel, conditionnel ou contrefactuel. Le deuxième critère de classement est le statut unique ou multiple de q. Dans le premier cas nous avons des constructions non-Généralisantes, dans le second la construction appartient au type généralisant. Nous nous sommes démarquée des recherches traditionnelles en prenant en compte la concession illocutoire : xotja sert à remettre en cause l’énoncé précédent pour une auto-Correction du locuteur qui annonce ainsi le changement du cours de sa pensée. Notre travail nous amène à la conclusion que la concession est un phénomène protéiforme non réductible à une notion de causalité inversée. L’élargissement du champ d’étude permet de jeter un pont entre la notion linguistique et la notion rhétorique de la concession et de donner un tableau plus complet des différentes formes de relation concessive en russe moderneIn this thesis dedicated to concession in modern Russian we specified the concept by means of a prototypical schema which we applied to classify different types of concessive constructions. This schema aims at embracing the majority of sentences marked as concessive. The main mark of the proposed schema (p, C q), based on the idea of contrast between the implications of p and q contents, assessments of these contents or p and q speech acts, is the connective C, a concessive conjunction or preposition. We studied concessive relations in both complex sentences and simple sentences. They are classified according to the epistemic status of q and subdivided into non-Conditional, conditional and counterfactual. The second criterion of classification is the single or multiple status of q. According to it we have, on the one hand, non-Generalized concessive constructions and, on the other, generalized concessive constructions. Outstepping the traditional research, we made a point of studying illocutionary concession as part of the whole. Indeed, xotja in discourse is used by the speaker as a self-Correction technique in order to reject the previous utterance pointing thus the deviation of their thought. As a result of our research we come to the conclusion that concession has multiple forms and cannot be reduced to inoperant causality. Due to a wider research scope we managed to bridge the linguistic and rhetoric concessions and to give a broader view of different forms of concessive relations in modern Russian
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Al-Qahtani, Abdulkhaleq A. "A contrastive rhetoric study of Arabic and English research article introductions." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1701.pdf.
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陳婷妮. "An Analysis of Chinese and English Argumentative Texts: A Contrastive Rhetoric Perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13489080754854647177.
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Bowen, Arabella. "Contrasting identities / competing rhetorics : Anglophones' challenge to Québec's national project." Thesis, 1999. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/845/1/MQ43611.pdf.
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This thesis explores the ways that Quebec's anglophones were constituted as national and political subjects by Quebec's national project and the manners in which these constitutions inform anglophone politics today. First, the policy papers tabled by the Parti Québécois and the Liberal Party of Quebec in advance of the 1980 referendum on sovereignty-association are analyzed to reveal the ideological effects these contained regarding the status of English-speaking residents of the province. Pursuant to which, the period following the 1995 referendum is analyzed. After a narrow vote for continued union with Canada, a new politics emerged from anglophones whereby they reappropriated the terms of their constitution to enact a performative contradiction which sought to challenge the Québécois nationalist discourse. Specifically, this thesis argues that the subject positions attributed anglophones by the national project are dualistic and dissimilar, prompting two distinct rhetorical claims in one public sphere. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the success of anglophones' reappropriations, and suggestions are formulated as to the ways in which anglophones might better optimize their performative contradiction in the future.
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Soares, Sílvia Maria Jesus. "Para preencher o défice de esperança ... um discurso de afetos: análise retórico-discursiva e contrastiva dos discursos do Presidente da República Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa e dos seus antecessores." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/9469.
Full textAbstract:
O Presidente da República Portuguesa, Professor Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, tomou posse a
9 de março de 2016 e rapidamente recebeu o cognome de “Presidente dos afetos”. É do
conhecimento público que este epíteto vem da sua espontaneidade, da forma simples como
se dirige aos cidadãos, nomeadamente em situações mais informais. Estas características,
que são próprias da sua personalidade, já as havia demonstrado nas suas atividades como
professor universitário, como líder partidário, como deputado e, sobretudo, como
comentador semanal de um canal de televisão.
Considerando que os discursos de comemoração nacional são uma oportunidade estratégica
de construção da mensagem política do Presidente, esta investigação visa analisar que
estratégias discursivas são utilizadas pelo Presidente da República Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
para criar um ethos de cumplicidade com o povo português, analisando também o que o
aproxima e o que o distancia dos seus antecessores.
Além do conceito de discurso e de discurso político, merecem especial atenção os conceitos
de retórica, de argumentação e de ethos, tendo sempre em perspetiva o papel das emoções
no discurso e os mecanismos discursivos usados na sua construção.
O corpus de análise, constituído por seis discursos referentes às comemorações do dia 10 de
Junho, dia de Portugal, de Camões e das Comunidades Portuguesas, é aqui analisado numa
perspetiva retórico-discursiva e comparativa, tendo por base as linhas teórico-metodológicas
apresentadas na parte teórica. Esta análise centra-se na estrutura dos discursos, referindo os
topoi que têm em comum. Em termos de análise retórico-discursiva, procuraram-se
evidências linguísticas da forma como se constrói um ethos de cumplicidade com o povo
português, nomeadamente os atos ilocutórios utilizados, deíticos predominantes e
modalidade, tendo sempre presente que o domínio da modalização abarca todo o domínio
lexical.The President of the Portuguese Republic, Professor Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, took office on March 9th, 2016 and quickly received the name of “President of Affections”. It is well known that this epithet comes from his spontaneity, the simple way he addresses to citizens, particularly in more informal situations. These characteristics, which are characteristic of his personality, had been already shown in his activities as a university professor, as a party leader, as a congressman and, above all, as a weekly commentator on a television channel. Seeing that national commemoration speeches are a strategic opportunity to construct the President's political message, this research aims to analyse which discursive strategies are used by the President of the Republic Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa to create an ethos of complicity with the portuguese people, also showing what brings him closer and what distances from its predecessors. Besides the concept of discourse and political discourse, the concepts of rhetoric, argumentation and ethos deserve special attention, always considering the role of emotions in discourse and the discursive mechanisms used in their construction. The corpus of analysis, consisting of six discourses referring to the commemorations of 10th June, Portugal Day, Camões and the Portuguese Communities, is analysed here from a rhetorical-discursive and comparative perspective, based on the theoretical-methodological lines presented in theoretical part. This analysis focuses on the structure of discourses, referring to the topoi they have in common. In terms of rhetorical-discursive analysis, we sought linguistic evidence of how to build an ethos of complicity with the portuguese people, namely the illocutory acts used, predominant deitic and modality, bearing in mind that the domain of modalization encompasses the entire lexical domain.