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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrastive analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2024

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1

Ott, Dennis. "Contrasting contrastive-topicalization strategies." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 56, no. 2 (October 18, 2023): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.24113.

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This paper offers a comparison and preliminary analysis of ‘topicalization’ strategies in German, Basque, and English. I argue that Basque and English topics at the left periphery are dislocated elements resumed by pronominal correlates, a configuration more directly evidenced in German. I propose an analysis of left-peripheral topics in Basque and English that capitalizes on parallels with left-dislocated XPs in German. Despite superficial differences, left-dislocation configurations in the three languages can be distinguished from inversion constructions and are united in their contrastive character. I argue that dislocated XPs are parenthetical sentence fragments, building on analogous proposals for German and other languages. The analysis is shown to be flexible enough to account for relevant surface differences between the languages while also providing a principled explanation for the contrastive import of left-peripheral topics.

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2

den Dikken, Marcel, and Balázs Surányi. "Contrasting Contrastive Left-Dislocation Explications." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 4 (October 2017): 543–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00254.

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Of the three logically possible approaches to contrastive left-dislocation (CLD) (base-generation cum deep anaphora; movement cum surface anaphora; elliptical clausal juxtaposition cum resumption), two are represented prominently in the recent literature. Ott’s (2014) account treats CLD uniformly in terms of clausal juxtaposition, the first clause being stripped down to its contrastive topic via an ellipsis operation said to be akin to sluicing. He argues that this analysis is superior to Grohmann’s (2003) approach, featuring movement within a single prolific domain and late spell-out of a resumptive element. Using data mainly from Hungarian and Dutch, we reveal problems for Ott’s biclausal account that undermine its apparent conceptual appeal and compromise its descriptive accuracy. We show that the ellipsis operation required is sui generis, that the approach fails to assimilate the crosslinguistic variation attested in the availability of multiple CLD to known cases of parametric variation in the left periphery, and that it undergenerates in several empirical domains, including P-stranding and “floated” arguments. Grohmann’s movement- cum-surface-anaphora analysis as it stands also cannot handle all these data, but it can be fixed to fit the facts. For Ott’s analysis, no patches seem available. Some further empirical properties of CLD appear underivable from either of these approaches. For these, the base-generation- cum-deep-anaphora analysis can be considered.

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3

Stede, Manfred. "Contrastive analysis of some contrastive discourse markers." Kognitionswissenschaft 5, no. 3 (1995): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001970050022.

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4

Danesi, Marcel. "Whither Contrastive Analysis?" Canadian Modern Language Review 50, no. 1 (October 1993): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.50.1.37.

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5

Granger, Sylviane. "Contrastive interlanguage analysis." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.1.1.01gra.

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Since its introduction in 1996, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) has become a highly popular method in Learner Corpus Research. Its comparative design has made it possible to uncover a wide range of features distinctive of learner language and assess their degree of generalizability across learner populations. At the same time, however, the method has drawn criticism on several fronts. The purpose of this article is threefold: to provide a brief overview of CIA research, to discuss the main criticisms the method has faced in recent years and to present a revised model, CIA², which makes the central role played by variation in interlanguage studies more explicit and is generally more in line with the current state of foreign language theory and practice.

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6

Moyetta, Daniela Silvia, and Fabián Negrelli. "Exploring English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension materials at university level." Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, no. 29 (June 14, 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2023.615.

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A topic of debate in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension courses in Spanish speaking universities is the roleof grammar in in-house materials. This study explored and analysed the way in which these materials deal with contrastive grammar, in order to promote reflection and discussion on the subject of English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations. Results showed that there are inaccuracies in the metalanguage used, in the Spanish-English contrastive analysis of some morphosyntactic structures and in the choices of instances of direct translation from English into Spanish. It is concluded that Spanish teachers of English academic reading comprehension should be provided with reference materials that allow them to describe in a well-founded manner the differences and similarities between the linguistic resources used in these two languages. Un tema de debate en los cursos de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos en las universidades de habla hispana es el papel de la gramática en los materiales internos. En este estudio se explora y analiza la forma en que estos materiales abordan la gramática contrastiva, con el fin de promover la reflexión y el debate sobre el tema de las explicaciones gramaticales contrastivas inglés-español. Los resultados mostraron que existen imprecisiones en el metalenguaje utilizado, en el análisis contrastivo español-inglés de algunas estructuras morfosintácticas y en la elección de instancias de traducción directa del inglés al español. Se concluye que los profesores españoles de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos deben contar con materiales de referencia que les permitan describir de manera fundamentada las diferencias y similitudes entre los recursos lingüísticos utilizados en estas dos lenguas.

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7

Al-Ajlouny, Mohammed. "Contrastive Analysis and Diglossia." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.8.1.11.

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This paper starts by discussing the relation between contrastive analysis and diglossia, attempting to find out whether the colloquial dialects of Arabic have any influence on the learning of English by speakers of those dialects. If it does, then colloquial, as well as Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has to be contrasted to English for pedagogical purposes. So far, most contrastive analysis studies have dealt only with MSA as though colloquial has no influence on learning English. Evidence from university students' writing in MSA and English is presented to prove that colloquial does influence these students' learning of MSA and English. The paper concludes that this influence of colloquial is sufficient justification for including the colloquial dialects in Arabic-English contrastive studies, MSA alone being not enough for pedagogical purposes..

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8

Péry-Woodley, Marie-Paule. "Contrasting discourses: contrastive analysis and a discourse approach to writing." Language Teaching 23, no. 3 (July 1990): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444800005772.

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9

Aijmer, Karin. "Contrastive Pragmatics and Corpora." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340004.

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Abstract Contrastive pragmatics is closely associated with the use of parallel and comparable corpora for studying the similarities and differences between languages. Parallel corpora have now been extended to more than two languages making them more relevant for typological research, and they can be used to investigate whether there are (discourse) universals across languages. Contrastive pragmatic studies also need to take into account aspects of the communication situation and the social and cultural context. As a result, many contrastive studies nowadays are doubly contrastive in that they compare pragmatic phenomena across both genres and languages. Scholars have also begun to combine contrastive analysis (translations) with the diachronic analysis of pragmatic phenomena in historical corpora, and pragmatic phenomena are studied contrastively with the focus being on sociolinguistic aspects. Illustrating these new uses is a case study which compares English absolutely with Swedish absolut.

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10

Lotfipour-Saedi, Kazem. "Discourse Analysis and the Problem of Translation Equivalence." Meta 35, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003520ar.

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Abstract The translator's task has usually been defined as the establishment of an equivalence between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts, and the translation process has been characterized as a branch of contrastive linguistics. But neither the nature of translation equivalence (TE) has been carefully specified nor a comprehensive framework consistent with the true nature of linguistic I communicative behaviour has been employed for contrasting languages for translation purposes. Consequently translation studies have always lacked a sound scientific framework. This paper attempts to study the nature of TE within the framework of a comprehensive contrastive analysis of SL and TL at discourse level and suggests seven different components for TE.

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11

Vaitonytė, Julija, and Julija Korostenskienė. "FEMININE IMAGERY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN POP SONGS: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS." Sustainable Multilingualism 6 (2015): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.6.6.

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12

Azevedo, Milton M., and Jacek Fisiak. "Further Insights into Contrastive Analysis." Modern Language Journal 76, no. 3 (1992): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/330199.

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13

Xu Ling-Feng, Li Chuan-Dong, and Chen Ling. "Contrastive analysis of neuron model." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 24 (2016): 240701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.240701.

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14

Overgaard, Morten. "Confounding Factors in Contrastive Analysis." Synthese 141, no. 2 (August 2004): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:synt.0000043019.64052.e0.

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15

Y. Aziz, Yowell. "Language, Use and Contrastive Analysis." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.1.2.1.

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There are at present two main views of language and its relation to the world: the older and classical view which is here termed the Objectivist theory of language and the more recent view which is referred to, following Moore and Carling (1982: 10), the Epiphenomenalist theory of language .. The traditional Objectivist view considers language a homogeneous 'object', a formal system to a large extent independent of its users and its context of use (Lee, 1992: 185). On this view, language is a code consisting of a set of phonological, grammatical and lexical features which· may be investigated out of context. Phenomena in the external world are classified into discrete categories conceived by the speaker, which are in turn reflected in linguistic categories. Meaning originates in the mind of the speaker in the form of mental constructs or concepts, which are planed or encoded by the speaker into a text functioning as a container of the speaker's thought. All that the addressee or the hearer has to do is to decode the linguistic sign and arriveat the meaning of the sentence. The act of communication is therefore relativeiy unproblematic with language functioning as a means for carrying the meaning of the speaker to the hearer. Words and sentences are given independent meanmg - that which is intended by the speaker - to be decoded by the hearer. .

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16

Kostova, Boryana. "The potential of contrastive analysis in the study of discourse." Studies in Linguistics, Culture, and FLT 10, no. 2 (August 22, 2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/yrol6006.

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The article focuses on contemporary trends in contrastive studies. As a point of departure the nature, history and evolution of contrastive linguistics are examined. Contrastive linguistics is viewed in relation to other disciplines such as comparative linguistics, comparative historical linguistics, linguistic typology, theory of translation, and foreign language teaching. Any aspect of language may be covered in cross-linguistic studies which involve a systematic comparison of two or more languages both at micro-linguistic and macro-linguistic level. The current trends are identified in terms of macro-linguistic widening of contrastive analysis which is applied in studies of specialized discourses such as media, political and academic communication. The findings are based on a small-scale research of contrastive studies published in Contrastive Linguistics, the oldest international journal for contrastive linguistics. By conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis and employing a diachronic approach conclusions are drawn about the need for the contrastive approach at macro-level, the type of linguistic phenomena studied and the preferred methods of contrastive analysis within a period of forty-six years. The findings show that there is only a slight increase in macro-linguistic analyses in recent years, but contrastive analysis remains a vibrant area of research with a potential for development at discourse level in particular and implications for intercultural understanding and tolerance.

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17

Malah, Zubairu, and Sabariah Md Rashid. "Contrastive Analysis of the Segmental Phonemes of English and Hausa Languages." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (2015): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijlll.2015.v1.21.

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18

Ma, Xuesi, and Xiaojie Wang. "Convergence Analysis of Contrastive Divergence Algorithm Based on Gradient Method with Errors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/350102.

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Contrastive Divergence has become a common way to train Restricted Boltzmann Machines; however, its convergence has not been made clear yet. This paper studies the convergence of Contrastive Divergence algorithm. We relate Contrastive Divergence algorithm to gradient method with errors and derive convergence conditions of Contrastive Divergence algorithm using the convergence theorem of gradient method with errors. We give specific convergence conditions of Contrastive Divergence learning algorithm for Restricted Boltzmann Machines in which both visible units and hidden units can only take a finite number of values. Two new convergence conditions are obtained by specifying the learning rate. Finally, we give specific conditions that the step number of Gibbs sampling must be satisfied in order to guarantee the Contrastive Divergence algorithm convergence.

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19

Nickel, Gerhard. "Some Controversies in Present-Day Error Analysis : "Contrastive" vs. "Non-Contrastive" Error." PASAA 19, no. 2 (January 1989): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.pasaa.19.2.2.

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20

Giannoulopoulou, Giannoula. "Morphological contrasts between Modern Greek and Italian." Contrasting contrastive approaches 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2015): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.04gia.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss topics in contrastive morphology, combining the perspectives of morphological theory and contrastive linguistics. After an overview of the recent literature on contrastive morphology and the relevant ‘tertia comparationis’ in Section 2, Section 3 focuses on the main differences between compounding in Modern Greek and Italian (e.g. the position of the morphological head, the pattern stem+stem in Modern Greek vs. the pattern word+word in Italian). The diachronic dimension, the inflectional system and the role of syntax are put forward as explanatory factors for the differences between the two languages. Two recent types of compounds, [V+V] V in Modern Greek and [V+N] N in Italian, are therefore examined contrastively. The contrastive analysis of compounding is based on three types of equivalence: ‘system equivalence’, ‘rule equivalence’, and ‘morphological age equivalence’. The main conclusion is that a contrastive approach to morphology enables us to deepen our understanding of both the fundamental distinction and the fundamental interconnection between morphology and syntax.

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21

Wei, Li-juan, and Cong-ying Liu. "On Basic Principles in Contrastive Analysis." International Journal of Education and Management Engineering 1, no. 6 (December 29, 2011): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2011.06.09.

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22

Goffman, Lisa, and Anne Smith. "A kinematic analysis of contrastive stress." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 4 (April 1996): 2494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415638.

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23

Maxwell-Reid, Corinne. "The Challenges of Contrastive Discourse Analysis." Written Communication 28, no. 4 (September 23, 2011): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088311421890.

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24

Schröter, Melani, and Marie Veniard. "Contrastive analysis of keywords in discourses." International Journal of Language and Culture 3, no. 1 (July 22, 2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.3.1.01sch.

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This article suggests a theoretical and methodological framework for a systematic contrastive discourse analysis across languages and discourse communities through keywords. This constitutes a lexical approach to discourse analysis which is considered to be particularly fruitful for comparative analysis. We use a corpus-assisted methodology, presuming meaning to be constituted, revealed, and constrained by collocation environment. We compare the use of the keywords intégration/Integration in French and German public discourses about migration on the basis of newspaper corpora built from two French and German newspapers from 1998 to 2011. We look at the frequency of these keywords over the given time span, group collocates into thematic categories, and discuss indicators of discursive salience by comparing the development of collocation profiles over time in both corpora as well as the occurrence of neologisms and compounds based on intégration/Integration.

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25

Vizmuller-Zocco, Jana. "Contrastive Analysis in Italian Language Pedagogy." Italica 67, no. 4 (1990): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/479092.

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26

Weizman, Elda. "Chesterman, Andrew. 1998. Contrastive Functional Analysis." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.12.2.23wei.

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27

Liao, Yuantao. "Performance Analysis of Model-Contrastive Algorithm." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 39 (April 1, 2023): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v39i.6600.

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Federated learning develops multiple clients with a universal framework platform to train deep learning models with excellent performance. During this process, the local data set is not leaked to the outside, making federated learning a powerful method to protect data security while solving the problem of isolated data islands. However, in some usage scenarios, different clients are holding local data sets which are non- Independent Identically Distribution, i.e., non-IID. There have been significant attempts made to overcome this difficulty, and one of these efforts is the model-contrastive federated learning framework, as known as MOON algorithm. The main concept is to make use of the similarities between the global and local models to adjust the local training. The final global model performs well with non-IID data. The paper aims to replicate and analyze this algorithm to provide data reference for subsequent use. The algorithm is tested on the MNIST data set to get its performance on the handwritten digit classification task. This paper processed the data set to make it non-IID, but the result achieved a high accuracy rate with an acceptable computational cost.

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28

Krasniqi, Tringa. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE." ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies 12, no. 2 (March 25, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v12i2.48.tk.

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<p><span>Teachers have spent a lot of time researching the best and most accurate ways to evaluate pupils since there are so many different ways to assess tasks and because doing so can have an impact on the students. According to Heydarnejad, Tagavipour, Patra, and Farid Khafaga (2022) only a few empirical studies have attempted to determine how performance-based assessment (PBA) can affect reading comprehension (RCA), academic motivation (AM), foreign language anxiety (FLA), and students’ self-efficacy despite the significant role that PBA plays in influencing second language learning processes (SS-E). </span></p><p><span><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>RCA, AM, FLA, PBA, SS-E, curriculum, morphology, teaching, assessment, etc.</span></span></p>

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29

Akmal, Saiful, Fera Busfina Zalha, Rita Hermida, Satria Juni, and Lianita Ali Nasution. "Sentence Pattern Contrastive Analysis of English and Sigulai Language." Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra 4, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v4i2.13960.

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This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting sentence pattern differences in both English and Sigulai languages. The study intends to find out the differences in sentence pattern between English and Sigulai language and how the sentence pattern of two languages are different. This current study was conducted by employing the qualitative method by using the contrastive analysis approach. Purposive sampling was used to select samples comprising two native-Simeulue students studying in Banda who speaks Sigulai. The findings show that there were contrast differences in verbal and nominal sentence patterns between English and Sigulai. Moreover, it can be concluded that Sigulai language has a non-configurational sentence pattern as many other Austronesian languages in Aceh and Indonesia in general.

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30

Tonhauser, Judith. "Contrastive topics in Paraguayan Guaraní discourse." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 22 (September 3, 2012): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v22i0.2631.

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The empirical basis of current formal semantic/pragmatic analyses of utterances containing contrastive topics are languages in which the expression that denotes the contrastive topic is marked prosodically, morphologically or syntactically, such as English, German, Korean, Japanese or Hungarian (e.g. Jackendoff 1972; Szabolcsi 1981; Roberts 1998; Büring 1997, 2003; Lee 1999). Such analyses do not extend to Paraguayan Guaraní, a language in which neither prosody, nor word order, nor the contrastive topic clitic =katu identify the contrastive topic. This article develops a formal pragmatic analysis of contrastive topic utterances in Paraguayan Guaraní and explores cross-linguistic similarities and differences in contrastive topic utterances.

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31

Ali, Akbar, Bilal Khan, and Nazakat Awan. "Contrastive Analysis of the English and Pashto Adjectives." Global Language Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2016(i-i).07.

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The paper mainly focuses on the contrastive analysis of the use of English and Pashto adjectives. Contrastive Analysis hypothesis developed in the 20th century from the two renowned theories of language acquisition and linguistics i.e. behaviorism and structuralism. This hypothesis states that the major barriers in the second learning and acquisition process arise from the interference of the first language. Contrastive analysis between languages facilitate the linguists and language teachers in predicting the difficulties a learner may confront through a structural, scientific analysis of pairs of languages (Brown, 2007). The adjectives of English and Pashto have been compared in the paper using contrastive analysis approach. The study finds that there are certain similarities and differences in the use of adjectives in English and Pashto which can cause issues in learning English adjective use by L1 Pashto speakers as ESL learners.

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32

Adiantika, Hanif Nurcholish. "Contrastive Analysis between Indonesian and English Declarative Sentences." ELT in Focus 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35706/eltinfc.v3i1.3695.

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The issue of English acquisition in Indonesian context where English is taught as a foreign language has been circulating for years. The presents study aims at contrasting two languages as, Indonesian language as the Source Language (SL) and English as the Target Language (TL). Participants were chosen purposively and generated 10 students of Senior High School. Data were collected through written test. The researcher provides 21 Indonesian declarative sentences as the main instrument. The result of this research was initiated qualitatively. The findings of the study indicate that the similarities of declarative sentence patterns between Indonesia and English language revealed in three categories. They are transitive, bitransitive, and intransitive. Furthermore, the differences are indicated by four categories, those are nominal, adjectival, prepositional, and numeral category. The presents study suggests to initiate the study of contrastive analysis in different languages to obtain deeper understanding and horizon about the language.

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Matos, Gabriela, and Nádia Canceiro. "Construções contrastivas com “mas”, Contraste Sintagmático e Elipse do TP." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 1 (2022): 385–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/ling2022v1a16.

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In Portuguese, mas ‘but’ occurs in two different structural constructions, one mainly involving contrast between two non-sentential phrases, Contraste Sintagmático ‘Phrasal Contrast’, and the other contrasting two sentences and presenting ellipsis, TP ellipsis with polarity items. In languages as Spanish and German, contrastive coordination typically correlates two different conjunctions with two constructions exhibiting distinct values, the corrective and the counter-expectation value. Relying on work of the past two decades on adversative coordination with corrective and counter-expectation values, the current paper aims at determining to what extend it is possible to establish a univocal correlation between the values of the adversative coordination and the constructions of Contraste Sintagmático and TP ellipsis in portuguese. It is also our goal to develop a more accurate analysis of these constructions.

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34

McGregor, Karla K., Danielle Williams, Sarah Hearst, and Amy C. Johnson. "The Use of Contrastive Analysis in Distinguishing Difference From Disorder." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 6, no. 3 (August 1997): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0603.45.

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Contrastive analysis aids the identification of true speech-language errors in cases where there is a mismatch between the linguistic communities of the clinician and the client. This tutorial illustrates the procedure via three case studies of preschoolers who speak African American English (AAE). In these case studies, there was good agreement between the results of contrastive analysis and the results of more well-established comparison metrics, suggesting that contrastive analysis can yield valid profiles that aid in distinguishing difference from disorder in children who speak a nonstandard dialect.

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35

Ivanova, Elena. "Contrastive Analysis of Bulgarian and Russian Syntax Peculiarities." Slovene 9, no. 1 (2019): 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.22.

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[Rev. of: Gradinarova Alla A., Essays on the Comparative Syntax of Bulgarian and Russian, Sofia: Iztok-Zapad, 2017, 500 pp.] This article presents a review of the book by a major Bulgarian researcher of Russian, professor of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Alla Gradinarova, whose scholarly interests focus mainly on the contrastive syntax of Bulgarian and Russian. In the new monograph, the author concentrates largely on the points of divergence in these languages stemming from their typological differences: passive voice and syntactic impersonality, word order, communicatively marked phrasal templates, various types of multi-clause structures ranging from verbal adverb phrases to complex and asyndetic sentences, etc. The contrastive analysis of the language data helps to reveal significant characteristics of the studied phenomena. This allows the use of the obtained results and data not only in typology and contrastive linguistics, but also in the study of the Russian language, as the approach of the author in her studies is based on a profound analysis of Russian data. The book constitutes a major contribution to studies in contrastive syntax of Slavic languages.

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36

Neyole, Eunice Nafula, Fridah Miruka, and Deborah N. Amukowa. "Contrastive Stress as an off-Record Politeness Strategy: An Analysis of Swahili and Lubukusu Languages." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.71007.

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Interpretation of the intended meaning is an important factor to be considered by the interlocutors in any communicative event. Although a speaker chooses a strategy that enables the communication of the message in a well-interpreted manner, there by eliminating ambiguity, the same does not arise in the use of contrastive stress. Contrastive stress is a strategy that communicates off record politeness by giving out hints. This paper discusses contrastive stress as an off-record politeness strategy with reference to Kiswahili and Lubukusu languages. The Politeness theory founded by Brown & Levinson (1978) and later developed by them in 1987 was adopted for this study. Manguliechi’s oration from the Babukusu community and Bi. Msafwari’s oration from the Swahili community were the basis for analysis. This study relied on library recordings of Manguliechi’s orature and YouTube files of Mawaidhana Bi. Msafwari (Bi. Msafwari’s counsel). Analysis indicates that contrastive stress can function as an indirect politeness strategy through it’s characteristic use of free stress. Contrastive stress changes the intonation of the word in use thus giving a basis for more than one interpretation of meaning. The unusual emphasis is a hint which the speaker deliberately gives to the hearer in a given context. The paper concludes that identifying the intended meaning in contrastive stress is complex. The complexity arises due to the fact that contrastive stress has opposing functions within the same statement. This paper recommends that detection of the presuppositions in contrastive stress can reduce ambiguity and direct the hearer’s interpretation toward the intended meaning.

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Suhirman, Lalu. "NUANCE IN SIMPLE AND PAST TENSE PATTERNS BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS." IJOLTL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics 1, no. 3 (September 3, 2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v1i3.186.

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This article aims to identify the differences between Indonesian and English in constructing affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences in simple present and present progressive, and simple past and past progressive tenses. This research is descriptive qualitative design. The 40 first semester students of STIKOM Jayapura was selected as research subject. The result indicated that Contrastive Analysis was the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their differences and similarities with the assumption the different elements between the native (Indonesian) and the target (English) language caused learning problems, while similar elements did not cause any problems. Contrastive analysis hypothesis is criticized for not all problems predicted by contrastive analysis always appear to be difficult for the students. Errors that do turn up are not predicted by contrastive analysis, but if errors cannot be identified through Contrastive Analysis, it will be suggested using Error Analysis.

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Chu, Guanfeng. "Prepositions “about” and “for” Error Analysis and Teaching Strategy." Journal of Education and Educational Research 5, no. 2 (September 26, 2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v5i2.12080.

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Based on the combination of descriptive bias corpus and inductive bias types, and supported by contrastive analysis theory, interlanguage theory and bias analysis theory, this paper uses contrastive analysis, literature analysis and statistics to investigate the bias of international students in the use of prepositions “for” and “about”.

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Cherutova, A. V. "Used construction with contrastive-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov." Язык и текст 4, no. 1 (2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2017040106.

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The article discusses the use of structures, protivopo-representative-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov. Before the author had the task to describe the structural features of these constructions, to pay attention to semantic and pragmatic aspect. Particular attention is drawn to the opposition as a special artistic technique that the writer uses in his works. Details are described cases of strengthening structures with contrastive-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov. The analysis of catalogs compiled by the author (more than 100 examples), Cherutova AV by empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (induction, deduction) forms the philological analysis of a work comes to the conclusion that the syntax, intended to express the negative- contrastive values in the stories AP Chekhov, acquire different semantics, helping create a certain artistic images. By combining contrasting with other techniques enhanced the impression of reading. To give an ex-haustive description of structures with contrastive-negative value is only possible in the case of the consideration of their semantic and syntactic features inseparably linked.

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Ardianto, Ardik. "Animal Metaphors in Indonesian and English." HUMAYA Jurnal Hukum Humaniora Masyarakat dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/humayafhisip.v2i2.3949.

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This paper is a contrastive semantic analysis exploring the concept of animal metaphors in Indonesian and English by means of three contrastive elements, i.e., the universality of form and meaning, the universality of meaning albeit different forms, and the element of distinctiveness or idiosyncrasy of each language. All data were obtained from Indonesian Idioms and Expressions, Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, Indonesian Proverbs Dictionary, and Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. The data were classified and analysed based on the three contrastive elements. Subsequently, each element was scrutinised in terms of the rationality embedded therein. The results of careful analysis show that the universality of the form and meaning of animal metaphors in both languages (i.e., Indonesian and English) reflects the common thread of harmonisation of language expressions—although in some other points, the perception is completely of difference between Indonesian speakers and English ones and hence creates contrasting forms of linguistic expression. The distinctive element of metaphors in each language illustrates that other extra-linguistic elements, e.g., history, values, norms, customs, and to name a few, contribute greatly to the process of constructing language expressions.

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Hasselgård, Hilde, and Signe Oksefjell Ebeling. "At the interface between Contrastive Analysis and Learner Corpus Research: A parallel contrastive approach." Nordic Journal of English Studies 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.35360/njes.438.

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Santoso, Teguh, and Sulhiyah Sulhiyah. "The Past Forms of Japanese Futsuugo and Javanese Ngoko Lugu: Contrastive Analysis in Sociolinguistics." IZUMI 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.9.2.137-146.

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This paper is based on studying the differences and similarities in the form, structure, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese. The study combines a qualitative and sociolinguistically informed comparative method. The data were taken from different sources, namely Shin Suikodenand Jin (a Japanese novel and play respectively), Ketoprak Wiswakarman (a traditional Javanese play), and Panjebar Semangat (a Javanese magazine), and were then analyzed from a contrastive linguistic perspective. Theories on Japanese and Javanese descriptive sentences, namely those of Ishii,[1] Masuoka,[2] Poedjosoedarmo,[3] Sasangka,[4] and Wedhawati,[5] were used. Besides, Djadjasudarma and Citraresmana [6] descriptive-qualitative method, Sanada’s,[7] concept of Sociolinguistics, as well as Tarigan’s,[8] Ishiwata and Takahashi’s,[9] theories of contrastive linguistics were also consulted. The study aimed to describe the differences and similarities in the forms, structures, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese based on the dialogues' data. The study concludes that the addressers and addressees' speech levels in the Japanese conversations are those of futsuugo and ngoko lugu, which are comparable in the Javanese.

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Spahiu, Isa, and Edita Kamberi Spahiu. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN ADJECTIVES." International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v2i1.14.

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Language is a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. Learning a foreign language is never easy especially when we try to express our thought, opinions, feelings and ideas from mother language to target language. Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a “world language” or “lingua franca’. While it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. Since English language is taught as foreign language in our country learning its grammar is still challenging. Proper grammar is essential for learning and comprehending the second language knowing that grammar is a guide how language should be written and spoken. As basic Grammar deals with parts of speech this paper will concentrate on adjective both in English and Albanian their formation, function, degree, order and semantic classification. This seminar paper deals with contrastive analyses of English and Albanian adjectives and aims at describing and analyzing similarities and differences that exist between them. The methodology of the study is descriptive and contrastive. Even though the English and Albanian languages belong to the Indo-European family they do share similarities and differences both in morphological and syntactical terms.

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Awal, Eshita. "Contrastive Analysis of Bangla and English Monophthongs." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 7, no. 6 (2013): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0765767.

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إبراهیم محمد شبل, محمد. "USES OF (SE): CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS SPANISH-ARABIC." مجلة کلیة الآداب جامعة الفیوم 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 412–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfafu.2022.172347.

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Kasim, Amrah, Kamaluddin Abu Nawas, Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir, Yusriadi Yusriadi, and Asma Gheisari. "Bugis and Arabic Morphology: A Contrastive Analysis." Education Research International 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9031458.

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This study is aimed at (1) describing the process of word formation using al-ziyaadah and affixation in Bugis and Arabic, (2) revealing the meaning of al-ziyaadah and affixation in forming a word in Bugis and Arabic, and (3) analyzing the similarities and differences in substances produced by al-ziyaadah and affixations in Bugis and Arabic. The research applied the library research using a linguistic approach. The primary data was collected and identified through a textbook; then, the types of al-ziyaadah and the affixes in both languages were analyzed. The word forms that adhere to and have an affix were compared, and the final step is to make conclusions based on comparisons and explore some similarities and differences. This study results indicated that the process of word formation in Arabic through al-ziyaadah, namely, al-sawaabiq, al-hasyw, al-lawaahiq, and al-muzdawijah. Meanwhile, in the Bugis language, the process of word formation is through affixation. The types of affixes in the Buginese language are prefixes, infixes, suffixes, confixes, and affixes. The word formation process with al-ziyaadah and affixation is the same as al-sawaabiq and prefixes, al-hasyw and infix, al-lawaahiq and suffixes, and al-muzdawijah and confixes. Meanwhile, the combination of affixes only exists in the Buginese language. The formation of words through al-ziyaadah in Arabic and affixation in Bugis contain similarities and differences. The overall meaning produced by al-ziyaadah and affixation is ninety-eight meanings, al-ziyaadah generates thirty-six meanings, and affixations generate sixty-two meanings. This research could be a valuable reference for further researchers who want to study languages and prevent regional languages extinction in the modern era.

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Hossain Salim, Mohammad Taher, and Mohammad Humayun Kabir. "Contrastive Analysis of Bengali and English Articles." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 8 (2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-19862429.

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Rabadán, Rosa, Belén Labrador, and Noelia Ramón. "Corpus-based contrastive analysis and translation universals." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 55, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.55.4.01rab.

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Project) developed at the University of León (Spain) for identifying instances of low-quality rendering of grammatical features when translating from English into Spanish using translation universals. The analysis provides information about: i) the resources available (or absence thereof) in each of the languages to express a given meaning and their relative centrality; ii) the solutions favored by translators to bridge the cross-linguistic disparities and/or gaps; iii) the erroneous or non-existent uses and structures transferred from the source language into the target language. These results can be systematized in terms of simplification, interference, or unique grammatical features. Additional areas that can benefit from this type of research are translation practice, translator training and foreign language teaching (FLT). Assessing translation quality is generally seen as a difficult task because of the inadequacy of the tools available. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of a corpus-based contrastive methodology (ACTRES

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Zhong, Houyong, and Cuimei Wang. "Asian Sports Power Competitive Strengths Contrastive Analysis." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 10126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.6225.

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Ionescu, Alice. "Topic shifters in Romanian: A contrastive analysis." Journal of Pragmatics 156 (January 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.02.003.

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