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1
Vargas, Danny Suarez. "Detecting contrastive sentences for sentiment analysis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148304.
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A análise de contradições é uma área relativamente nova, multidisciplinar e complexa que tem por objetivo principal identificar pedaços contraditórios de texto. Ela pode ser abordada a partir das perspectivas de diferentes áreas de pesquisa, tais como processamento de linguagem natural, mineração de opinioes, recuperação de informações e extração de Informações. Este trabalho foca no problema de detectar contradições em textos – mais especificamente, nas contradições que são o resultado da diversidade de sentimentos entre as sentenças de um determinado texto. Ao contrário de outros tipos de contradições, a detecção de contradições baseada em sentimentos pode ser abordada como uma etapa de pós-processamento na tarefa tradicional de análise de sentimentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições principais. A primeira é um estudo exploratório da tarefa de classificação, na qual identificamos e usamos diferentes ferramentas e recursos. A segunda contribuição é a adaptação e a extensão de um framework de análise contradição existente, filtrando seus resultados para remover os comentários erroneamente rotulados como contraditórios. O método de filtragem baseia-se em dois algoritmos simples de similaridade entre palavras. Uma avaliação experimental em comentários sobre produtos reais mostrou melhorias proporcionais de até 30 % na acurácia da classificação e 26 % na precisão da detecção de contradições.Contradiction Analysis is a relatively new multidisciplinary and complex area with the main goal of identifying contradictory pieces of text. It can be addressed from the perspectives of different research areas such as Natural Language Processing, Opinion Mining, Information Retrieval, and Information Extraction. This work focuses on the problem of detecting sentiment-based contradictions which occur in the sentences of a given review text. Unlike other types of contradictions, the detection of sentiment-based contradictions can be tackled as a post-processing step in the traditional sentiment analysis task. In this context, we make two main contributions. The first is an exploratory study of the classification task, in which we identify and use different tools and resources. Our second contribution is adapting and extending an existing contradiction analysis framework by filtering its results to remove the reviews that are erroneously labeled as contradictory. The filtering method is based on two simple term similarity algorithms. An experimental evaluation on real product reviews has shown proportional improvements of up to 30% in classification accuracy and 26% in the precision of contradiction detection.
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Cheung, Wai-ling Sonia, and 張慧玲. "A contrastive discourse analysis of warnings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30409202.
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Cheung, Wai-ling Sonia. "A contrastive discourse analysis of warnings /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424369.
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Ali-Mounla, Ibrahim. "Contrastive and error analysis : a case study." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contrastive-and-error-analysis--a-case-study(46dcdd55-cc53-4be2-a73f-878e1d5bd4ab).html.
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Chapter One: this chapter presents an up-to-date account of Contrastive Analysis (CA), and Error Analysis (EA). Chapter Two: this deals with the syntactic descriptions of Inflectional Phrase, (IP) in English and Syrian Arabic respectively. The descriptions of (IP) system are executed within the framework of X-bar syntax in the version outlined in Chomsky (1970 and 1986b), and Radford (1988). These descriptions focus on the various syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as IP all of which play an important role in the formation of YIN and Wh-questions. For the sake of this study, only three types of movement will be considered - i. e. I- movement, V- movement, and Wh - movement Chapter Three: this chapter describes the syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as Complementiser Phrase (CP) of the two languages within the same framework. The description focuses on I-to-C and Wh-movement. Chapter Four: this deals with English Small Clauses (SCs) and Syrian Verbless Clauses (VCs) also within the same framework. Chapter Five: this deals with contrasting the interrogative patterns of the two languages as identified in chapters 2,3 and 4, and with formulating predictions on the basis of the contrasts identified. Chapter Six: this highlights the methodology of the experiment conducted - i. e. data collection, design of the elicitation instruments, etc. Chapter Seven: this consists of analysing the elicited errors in the light of my predictions. it compares CA predictions with the attested errors to evaluate the success of the predictions and hypotheses. Chapter Eight: offers the discussion of disconfirmed predictions and errors irrelevant to predictions. Chapter Nine: this contains conclusions, pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research.
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Zeydan, Sultan. "The Analysis Of Contrastive Discourse Connectives In Turkish." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610231/index.pdf.
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This thesis is a descriptive study of four contrastive discourse connectives in Turkish. The main aim of this study is to analyze the connectives with respect to their meaning and predicate-argument structure and lay out the similarities and differences among contrastive discourse connectives with the help of quantitative analysis. Although the study is limited with contrastive connectives, it will have implications on how to resolve discourse structure in general and illustrate how lexico-syntactic elements contribute to discourse semantics.
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Kwiatek, Ewelina. "Contrastive analysis of English and Polish surveying terminology." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678421.
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Presents a study of surveying terminology, which may be considered as an under-researched area when compared to legal, medical or business terminologies, focusing on English and Polish. This book provides a wide picture of surveying terminology by looking at problems that diversified groups of users may identify. Kwiatek investigates how surveying terms are created and how they are named in English and Polish; she analyses the concept systems of the two languages with respect to surveying terminology; and she indicates the areas of surveying in which terminology and conceptual differences occur, the factors that trigger them and translation strategies which are used to solve them.
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Ludani, Malele Ma. "Contrastive analysis of English, French and Kikongo interrogatives." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257643.
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Mulvey, Bern. "Japanese and English rhetorical strategies: A contrastive analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1052.
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Nikitkova, Jelena. "Semantics of English and Lithuanian number idioms: contrastive analysis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130802_134815-91260.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristic features and meaning of number idioms in the English and Lithuanian languages and determine similarities and differences in symbolic meaning conveyed by numbers in the two cultures.
The research has been conducted adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches, focusing on the main theoretical issues related to idioms and such universal and abstract phenomenon as "number" in the English and Lithuanian idioms, and searching for the relationships between number idioms in the two languages. In order to illustrate the main similarities and differences between two languages, 156 English and 212 Lithuanian idioms containing the cardinal and ordinal numbers from one to ten were subjected to the analysis. The contrastive, descriptive and statistic analysis methods were employed in the research. The results of the analysis showed that the numbers one (70 instances) and two (47 instances) are the most productive numbers in the English idioms; whereas, in the Lithuanian idioms besides the same numbers, one (99 instances) and two (35 instances), the number nine (39 instances) is common. The research demonstrated that numbers in the idioms of both languages communicate non-quantitative meaning more often than quantitative meaning. It was discovered that the choice of numbers in the idioms might be determined by logic and reality or reflect some cultural point of view. The analysis showed that the numbers one, three, six... [to full text]Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti lietuviškų ir angliškų idiomų su skaičiais ypatumus ir reikšmes (vadovaujamasi anglų-amerikiečių tradicija terminas „idioma“ yra vartojamas vietoj lietuviško termino „frazeologizmas“); nustatyti panašumus ir skirtumus tarp skaičių simbolinių reikšmių dviejose kultūrose ir pamėginti juos paaiškinti. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamasi kiekybine ir kokybine analizė, bei teorine medžiaga, susijusi su idiomų ir skaičių simbolinėmis rekšmėmis. Šiame darbe aptariami tokie teoriniai aspektai, kaip idiomos apibrėžimo problema, kriterijai naudojami atskirti idiomas nuo laisvųjų žodžių junginių, idiomų semantinė klasifikacija, ir idiomų ir kultūros ryšiai. Pagrindiniams dviejų kalbų idiomų panašumams ir skirtumams pagrįsti buvo surinktos 156 anglų ir 212 lietuvių kalbų idiomos. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad skaičiai vienas (70 idiomos) ir du (47 idiomos) yra dažniausiai pasitaikaintys skaičiai anglų kalbos idiomose, tuo tarpu lietuvių kalbos idiomose apart tų pačių skaičių, vienas (99 idiomos) ir du (35 idiomos), yra paplytęs skaičius devyni (39 idiomos). Skaičių vienas is du dažnumas idiomose negali būti paaiškintas iš simbolinės pusės. Šių skaičių vartojimą daugiausia lemia logika ir realybė. Tačiau skaičiaus devyni dažnas vartojimas lietuviškose idiomose parodo šio skaičiaus glaudų ryšį su Lietuvos kultūra. Analizė atskleidė, kad skaičiai anglų ir lietuvių kalbų idiomose gali sukelti abiems tautoms panašias ir skirtingas asociacijas. Analizė parodė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Pham, Thi Hoa, and n/a. "Interrogative mood in English and Vietnamese : a systemic contrastive analysis." University of Canberra. Information Sciences, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.105609.
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The purpose of this study is to present a contrastive
analysis of the different types of interrogative
sentences in English and Vietnamese including their
structures and meanings. It is also hoped that the result
of this study will be of some use to English teachers in
Vietnam in their classroom teaching and in their preparation
of teaching materials. It may also be useful to Vietnamese
students who are learning English, especially when
learning the English interrogative mood.
Hitherto, there have been different models of
description of language, but the systemic model is considered
to be one of the most comprehensive, since it is
able to bring out the functional uses of language and can
be used to describe any language. For this reason, the
systemic model is adopted in this paper to describe the
two systems of the English and Vietnamese interrogative
mood.
The varieties of the two languages, English and
Vietnamese, from which examples are taken for analysis
in this paper, are Southern British Standard and Standard
Vietnamese ranging from colloquial to literary.
Throughout each chapter, the examples are numbered
in consecutive order. Examples in Vietnamese are
presented with a slash mark ( / ) placed between lexical
items to facilitate the matching of Vietnamese with the
literal English translation which follows. The literal
translation is followed by a freer English translation
enclosed in quotation marks.
The study consists of five chapters. In the
first chapter, the author begins by summarizing different
views on the nature of language and their applications
in language teaching and learning, and then presents
a short introduction to systemic linguistics and a brief
sketch of systemic grammar.
The second chapter is about the English interrogative
mood. This description of the English interrogative
mood is largely based on the ideas on Mood presented by
D. J. Young, lecturer in English in the University of
Wales Institute of Science and Technology in Britain.
In the third chapter, an attempt is made to provide
a detailed description of the different types of
interrogative sentences in Vietnamese.
Chapter four moves to a contrastive analysis
which consists of a textual and then a systemic comparison
and contrast of the two interrogative mood systems in
English and Vietnamese.
A recapitulation of what has been done in the
previous chapters and some suggestions for the preparation
of teaching material and the teaching of English interrogative
sentences to Vietnamese students are presented in
chapter five, which is the last chapter of the study.
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Berti, Stefano <1990>. "Contrastive Analysis of the Italian and English Consonant Phoneme Systems." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7817.
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This work aims to conduct a comparative investigation of the main differences between the Italian and the English sets of consonant phonemes with the intention of discovering and systematizing the most recurring cases of interference that the Italian phonological system might lead to when English is spoken as a foreign language. The first chapter is preliminary to the other two as it compares and contrasts the two consonant systems depending on their presence/absence, distributions and graphemic correspondences. The second chapter provides supporting evidence of what stated in the previous one as it assesses the pronunciation and phonological level of a pool of approximately 30 first-year Ca’ Foscari students. Finally, the last chapter provides a list of useful and effective suggestions, rules of the thumb and strategies which I adopted during a tutorial on phonological practice. It must be finally remembered that the three chapters run parallel and all deal only with those phonemes which might cause trouble to Italian students, namely those which feature different articulations such as /t/, /d/ and /r/; those which exist only in Italian (/ʎ/, /ɲ/ and /dz/) or English (/h, θ, ð, ŋ/ and /z/); and, finally, the approximants /j/ and /w/ as they might pose problems regardless of the fact they present the same articulation and more or less the same distributions.
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Aws, Wafa Mustafa. "Predictive power of contrastive analysis : Syrians' learning of the English DP." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predictive-power-of-contrastive-analysis--syrians-learning-of-the-english-dp(17cf6c79-59ce-43d4-b42e-f2a469fa0459).html.
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I This thesis is an investigation of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. This hypothesis is founded on the assumption that second language learners tend to transfer their native language structures when learnIng a, second language. In its strong version, this hypothesis claims that by contrasting two or more languages, it is possible to predict probable areas of difficulty and hence errors on part of the foreign language learner. Contrastive analysis yields two types of prediction: (i) second language learners will transfer their isomorphic Ll structures into the second language and thus produce correct target constructions, and (ii) they will transfer the anisomorphic structures of their mother tongue thus producing erroneous structures which reflect those of their mother tongue. The second hypothesis which I seek to verify in the present work claims that the more advanced the second language learner is, the more successfully he/she will perform in the second language. Long exposure to the new language will enable the learner to improve his/her linguistic competence in this language and as a result, he/she will utilise more positive transfer and less negative transfer than the less advanced learner. The validity of the two hypotheses will be investigated with reference to Syrian learners of English. The two languages under focus are English and Modern Standard Arabic. I focus exclusively on one syntactic structure viz., the noun phrase. My contrastive analysis of English and Modern Standard Arabic noun phrases is based on their description in terms of the general framework of the theory of Government and Binding. The predictions yielded by contrastive analysis were empirically tested by carrying out a small scale empirical investigation which consisted of three tests: a Completion Test, a Translation Test and a Judgment Test. The three tests were administered to two groups of Syrian students studying English at the University of Tishrin, Latakia, Syria. The first group comprised 25 first year students, and the second group included a similar number of fourth year students. I then carried out an error analysis of the data obtained in order to determine the source of each error and separate transfer from non-transfer errors. Quantificational measures were applied to the results in order to determine the relative frequency of each prediction in percentages. iii The degree of success of the predictions were taken as measures for the validity of the hypothesis on which they were based viz., the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. In order to verify the second hypothesis, I compared the mean percentages of transfer scored by both groups for each prediction in each test. Conclusions as to whether there were significant differences between the two groups in the degree of transfer were drawn by using the T-Test, which is statistical measure used to assess the significance of the differences between two given average scores.
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Machado, Filha Maria Carmelia. "A study in contrastive analysis and error analysis: article usage in english and portuguese." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106035.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1977.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T18:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321796.pdf: 2709666 bytes, checksum: c94936800c560d172bb945a686e66eb7 (MD5)
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Bang, Nguyen, and n/a. "Noun and prepositional phrases in English and Vietnamese : a contrastive analysis." University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060606.154323.
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This study aims to discuss the noun and prepositional
phrases in English and in Vietnamese and their impact
upon teaching and learning English in the Vietnamese
situation. Attempts have been made to state the similarities
and differences in noun and prepositional phrases in the
two languages and raise and solve some difficulties and
problems arising particularly from differences between
English and Vietnamese.
In this study, Contrastive Linguistics is concerned
with the comparison of the two languages with a view to
determining the differences and similarities between
them. With this practical aim the study tries to provide
a model for comparison and determine how and which of the
phrases are comparable.
It is hoped to provide as much information as is
possible in a limited study of this kind on English noun
and prepositional phrases, then on Vietnamese noun phrases.
The study draws attention to differences with examples.
It analyses the heads of noun phrases in the two languages
as well as the pre and postmodifications and their
positions. It also analyses the uses of the prepositional
phrases in the two languages. At the same time, it points
out the kinds of errors made by Vietnamese learners in the
above-mentioned areas and their causes.
Finally, some suggestions are made for those who
may be responsible for teaching English as a Foreign
Language to younger pupils as well as adults, or to
students at universities or colleges
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Kim, Kyoung-Youl. "Transitivity in English and Korean : a contrastive analysis with pedagogical implications." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337184.
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Languages can differ with respect to the way in which transitive events are realized in transitive situations, resulting in different transitivity patterns. In particular, languages differ in the ways of linking the semantic notion `agent' with the grammatical notion `subject'. Based on a cognitive-functional approach, this study examines some differences between English and Korean with respect to the questions of how far and in what ways the linguistic realization of transitivity can be varied in terms of the semantic extension of transitivity from prototypes, variation in verb transitivity, and agency in transitive constructions. As for language-specific factors that characterize the difference in transitivity between English and Korean, it is proposed that English is more permissive than Korean in the way non-prototypical agents are realized as agentive subjects, resulting in a wider range of the semantic extension of agentivity from prototypical transitive constructions.Different linguistic preferences involving constructing some entities as a main causative factor (i.e., non-agentive subjects vs. agentive subjects) play a significant role in the conceptualization of transitive events, thereby leading to differences in the coding of causation in transitive clauses between the two languages. In English, the concept of agency can be more easily extended to include inanimate entities than it can be in Korean. Accordingly, English extends the notion of agent to a wider range of situations than Korean, hence allowing non-prototypical agents to be construed as agents. More specifically, the semantic features of prototypical agents in English (e.g., intention, result, responsibility, etc.) can be freely extended to inanimate causative situations in a greater degree than in Korean.A general typological difference between English and Korean in terms of competing notions of agentivity is that compared to Korean, English is freer in assigning a large number of different semantic roles to subjects without requiring concomitant morphosyntactic changes such as passivization (or intransitivization); English tends to overtly express agency, focusing on individual entities (both animate and inanimate) in transitive events, while Korean is reluctant to verbalize non-agentive elements, covering up their inanimacy by means of indirect expressions based on a result/effect clause and relying on different structural strategies (i.e., passive structures, lexical intransitive verbs, and inchoative forms).Finally, it is suggested that different linguistic manifestations in the notions of agency and causation between English and Korean lead to the varying degree of cognitive categories that structure the way in which the language speaker perceive and interpret transitive events, hence resulting in contrasting construals of agentivity (i.e., agent/cause/process-oriented expressions vs. result/effect-oriented expressions) in the expression of transitivity.Department of English
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Nimura, Tomomi. "Contrastive analysis of Japanese and English demonstratives : differences in speaker stance." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408122.
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Wong, Mei Mei. "Contrastive text analysis : Chinese and English newspaper accounts of fire accidents." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/74.
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Phillips, Olena. "Russian and Ukrainian Adjectives Referring to Place-names: a Contrastive Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193392.
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This thesis examines linguistic similarities and differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages regarding the word formation of adjectives referring to place names (toponyms). Using contrastive analysis for analyzing the database composed of approximately 1500 shared toponyms, information is presented revealing the use of appropriate derivational paradigms. Tables are provided illustrating important characteristics of toponym stem-endings and the acquisition of their corresponding suffixes. This information culminates in a better understanding of the proper use within each language for the 25 Russian and 18 Ukrainian suffixes used in the derivational models, and its application within language. Analyzing derivational paradigms of these two investigated languages, I found 15 similar and 7 different models resulting from the word formation process. This information brings a clearer picture for both languages on how derivational paradigms are used in the proper formation of adjectives.
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Luna, Jose Marcelo Freitas de. "Brazilian-portuguese and british-english service encounters: a contrastive genre analysis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1990. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/111904.
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Perini, Beatrice <1992>. ""Miracles of the Virgin. Berceo and Alfonso X: a contrastive analysis" "I miracoli della Vergine. Berceo e Alfonso X: un'analisi contrastiva"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10566.
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Leonardo, Pérez Yazmin Mercedes, and Dall’Orso Antoinette Ormeño. "La traducción del fenómeno de la transculturación narrativa en Los ríos profundos/ Deep Rivers de José María Arguedas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652391.
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La transculturación narrativa es un fenómeno que implica la creación de nuevos productos debido a la incorporación de elementos culturales y lingüísticos a una cultura dominante y a la pérdida de los mismos en una cultura dominada. Estos elementos se manifiestan a través de la lengua, estructura literaria y cosmovisión. Dentro del proceso de traducción, los traductores toman decisiones para crear un texto meta que refleje el contexto cultural descrito en el texto original. Al traducir un texto transculturado, el proceso traslativo puede requerir de procedimientos particulares para la correcta reexpresión del mensaje original en el producto que, a su vez, busca la comprensión del público receptor. Por esto, la presente investigación se enfoca en analizar la traducción del fenómeno de la transculturación narrativa al inglés de Los ríos profundos de José María Arguedas traducida por Frances Barraclough. Asimismo, se busca identificar los elementos transculturados en la obra original a fin de reconocer las técnicas de traducción y analizar los paratextos empleados en cada caso. Para este estudio, se propone aplicar la técnica de análisis de contenido mediante la elaboración de un libro de códigos que permitirá identificar y analizar los elementos transculturales en la obra Los ríos profundos. Además, se aplicará la técnica de análisis textual contrastivo mediante fichas para comparar fragmentos, lexemas y sintagmas específicos tanto del texto meta como del texto fuente. De esta manera, se expondrán los procedimientos que Frances Horning Barraclough utilizó para la traducción de los elementos transculturales en Los ríos profundos.Narrative transculturation is a phenomenon that entails creating new products due to the incorporation of cultural and linguistic elements to a dominant culture and their loss on the dominated one. These elements are expressed through language, literary structure and worldview. During the translation process, translators make different kind of decisions in order to create a target text that includes the same cultural equivalence that the original text already has. When a transcultural text is translated, specific procedures are needed to achieve the most accurate rewording of the source text on the final product which, at the same time, seeks for the understanding of the target audience. Therefore, the following research focuses on the analysis of the narrative transcultural translation phenomenon on Deep Rivers, written by José María Arguedas and translated by Frances Horning Barraclough. In addition, the aim of this investigation is to identify the transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos with the purpose of recognizing the translation techniques and analyze the use paratexts during the translation process. In this investigation, in order to identify and analyze transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos, content analysis technique will be use through the elaboration of the codification book. Furthermore, the contrastive textual analysis technique will be applied through index tabs to show fragments, lexemes and syntagmas of both the source and target text. As a result, the procedures that Frances Horning Barraclough used for the translation of the transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos will be presented.
Trabajo de investigación
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Alharbi, Rezan Mohammed S. "Acquisition of lexical collocations : a corpus-assisted contrastive analysis and translation approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3660.
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Research from the past 20 years has indicated that much of natural language consists of formulaic sequences or chunks. It has been suggested that learning vocabulary as discrete items does not necessarily help L2 learners become successful communicators or fluent and accurate language users. Collocations, i.e. words that usually go together as one form of formulaic sequences, constitute an inherent problem for ESL/ EFL learners. Researchers have submitted that non-congruent collocations, i.e. collocations that do not have corresponding L1 equivalents, are especially difficult to acquire by ESL/ EFL learners. This study examines the effect of three Focus-on-Forms instructional approaches on the passive and active acquisition of non-congruent collocations: 1) the non-corpus-assisted contrastive analysis and translation (CAT) approach, 2) the corpus-assisted CAT approach, and 3) the corpus-assisted non-CAT approach. To fully assess the proposed combined condition (i.e. the corpus-assisted CAT) and its learning outcomes, a control group under no-condition was included for a baseline comparison. Thirty collocations non-congruent with the learners’ L1 (Arabic) were chosen for this study. 129 undergraduate EFL learners in a Saudi University participated in the study. The participants were assigned to the three experimental groups and to the control group following a cluster random sampling method. The corpus-assisted CAT group performed (L1/ L2 and L2/ L1) translation tasks with the help of bilingual English/ Arabic corpus data. The non-corpus CAT group was assigned text-based translation tasks and received contrastive analysis of the target collocations and their L1 translation options from the teacher. The non-contrastive group performed multiple-choice/ gap-filling tasks with the help of monolingual corpus data, focusing on the target items. Immediately after the intervention stage, the three groups were tested on the retention of the target collocations by two tests: active recall and passive recall. The same tests were administered to the participants three weeks later. The corpus-assisted CAT group significantly outperformed the other two groups on all the tests. These results were discussed in light of the ‘noticing’, ‘task-induced involvement load’, and ‘pushed output’ hypotheses and the influence that L1 exerts on the acquisition of L2 vocabulary. The discussion includes an evaluation of the three instructional conditions in ii relation to different determinants, dimensions and functions within the hypotheses.
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Bellés, Calvera Lucía. "Mulilingual education: A contrastive analysis in Humanities, Social Sciences and Health Sciences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14110.2021.481594.
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This study seeks to present a comparative analysis of metadiscoursal features produced in CLIL lectures and seminars offered in the fields of Soft Sciences and Hard Sciences. As for the methodology, the data were retrieved from several research instruments: audio-recorded interviews, transcripts of CLIL seminars and lectures, observation rubrics, students’ questionnaires and placement tests. The findings in the area of Soft Sciences indicate that the linguistic devices found in teacher discourse seem to be more predominant in the fourth-year module delivered in the History degree. It has also been illustrated that metadiscoursal features are more numerous in Hard Sciences, where communicative exchanges occur at a higher rate. This investigation sheds some light on the relevance of interpersonal markers in multilingual practices delivered in higher education. Evidence may be used in future teacher training programmes in order to support meaningful CLIL experiences.Este estudio pretende presentar un análisis comparativo de los rasgos metadiscursivos producidos en las clases y seminarios AICLE ofrecidos en las áreas de Ciencias Blandas y Ciencias Duras. En cuanto a la metodología, los datos se obtuvieron a partir de varios instrumentos de investigación: entrevistas grabadas en audio, transcripciones de seminarios y conferencias AICLE, rúbricas de observación, cuestionarios y pruebas de nivel.Los hallazgos en el área de Ciencias Blandas indican que los recursos lingüísticos encontrados en el discurso del profesor parecen ser más predominantes en el módulo de cuarto curso impartido en la licenciatura de Historia. También se ha puesto de manifiesto que los rasgos metadiscursivos son más numerosos en Ciencias duras, donde los intercambios comunicativos se producen en mayor proporción. Esta investigación arroja algo de luz sobre la relevancia de los marcadores interpersonales en las prácticas de interacción multilingüe que se dan en la educación superior. Las pruebas pueden utilizarse en los futuros programas de formación del profesorado con el fin de apoyar experiencias significativas de AICLE.
Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducció
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Becker, Thomas. "Contrastive analysis for teaching Koine Greek case syntax to Russian-speaking students." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p023-0209.
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Phornprapha, Jiraporn. "Master's thesis writing of Thai students a contrastive study using genre analysis /." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2057.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ulla Connor, Thomas Upton, Aye Nu Duerksen. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152).
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THOVUTTIKUL, SUTASINEE. "Contrastive Analysis of Point of View Effects in Culture-Dependent Social Cognition." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244576.
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Uchida, Emi. "The use of cognate inferencing strategies by Japanese learners of English." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327060.
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Hawas, Hamid Mohammed R. "The realization of definiteness in English and Arabic : a contrastive/error analysis study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264127.
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Cid, Uribe Miriam Elizabeth. "Contrastive analysis of English and Spanish intonation using computer corpora - a preliminary study." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236136.
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Iwamoto, Noriko. "Newspaper discourse in wartime and peacetime Japan : a contrastive linguistic and stylistic analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21319.
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This thesis explores the relationship between situational contexts and the linguistic and stylistic features of politicized language within the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics proposed by M.A.K. Halliday and others. The main area of research chosen is the wartime discourse of Japanese journalism during the Second World War. The research demonstrates the existence of a wartime register (as representation of real war) and characterizes its major stylistic and linguistic features. The secondary area chosen for the purpose of contrastive analysis is peacetime discourse concerning international conflict, (1) the Olympic Games and (2) whaling. In wartime discourse, journalism not only plays a significant role in maintaining public morale but is an active participant in the construction of the war effort. In the presentation of news, journalistic reports implicitly reconstruct reality by foregrounding death as sacrifice, glorious, and noble, the enemy as weak, and by obscuring a threatening situation by backgrounding defeats and losses. This reconstruction has the intention to regulate and control the ideas and behaviour of people, and to form a strong sense of solidarity in the nation. For this function, linguistic resources are exploited to structure, transform and sometimes mask 'reality' so that newly created discourse can articulate and legitimize new orders of reality which will meet the demands of a particular social situation such as consolidating the power of the state to wage war. Journalism in peacetime discourse, on the other hand, is not harnessed to a war effort and, thus, the use of linguistic devices to foreground and background news events is not an instrument of state power in an open society. The theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics is utilized in this research to provide an illustration and examination of the range and complexity of various linguistic and stylistic devices used in journalistic discourse.
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Vadhanasindhu, Chanika. "Contrastive discourse analysis and reader perception of newspaper editorials in Thai and English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280016.
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The primary purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive comparison of newspaper editorials in Thai written by native speakers of Thai (TT), in English written by both native speakers and non-native speakers of English published in Thailand (ET), and English written by native speakers of English published in the US (EA). The corpus used for textual analysis was composed of 10 editorials from each of the groups. A secondary purpose was to explore and contrast reader practices, expectations and perceptions relating to English-language editorials in Thailand and the US, which involved analysis of response to questionnaires by 30 native Thai (TS) and 30 native English speakers (ES). It was found that more EA editorials were published per day, covering broader topics than did editorials in Thailand. The Thai texts are more linguistically complex than English as there are typically more V-Units (terminal 'Verb-Units', posited in this study) in Thai sentences. ET editorials were more similar to EA than to TT on the range of purposes and the numbers of purposes per editorial. TT editorials have more diverse types of titles than do ET and EA editorials. ET editorials were more similar to EA editorials in terms of organization type preference. EA editorials follow Schneider and Connor's model of coherent text (1990) most closely and Witte's model (1982) least closely. Both TT and EA editorial writers generally write about their countries/people while ET writers write about other countries/people more often. Most ES subjects are correct in identifying the place of publication as the US or Thailand while guesses by Thai subjects are only at the level of chance for both. Linear organization, strong voice, grammatical structures and certain idiomatic expressions generally led ES subjects to believe an editorial was written by a native speaker of English. Methodologies used in this study could be useful for EJP and ESL students in Thailand.
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Delettres, Cécile. "La sémantique des quantificateurs vagues : étude contrastive allemand-français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040142.
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Cette thèse a pour objet de décrire précisément le sémantisme des quantificateurs vagues du français quelques et plusieurs, et de l’allemand einig-, ein paar, etlich- et mehrer- afin d’en proposer une comparaison. Une analyse qualitative d’un corpus littéraire français nous a permis de dégager des critères de fonctionnement sémantique permettant de rapprocher et de différencier les deux quantificateurs entre eux. Ces critères de fonctionnement ont pu, pour la plupart, être appliqués ensuite aux quantificateurs de l’allemand, analysés à partir d’un corpus parallèle au corpus français. L’étude d’un second corpus allemand, journalistique, a permis de cerner des préférences d’emploi relatives à ce genre de discours. Tous ces quantificateurs vagues partagent un noyau dur de sens « petite quantité vague » et ce sont donc les sèmes et les traits potentiels secondaires qui permettent de connaître le profil sémantique propre de chacun, de comprendre leur fonctionnement et donc leurs préférences d’emploi. Dans une dernière partie nous rapprochons le fonctionnement des quantificateurs des deux langues, proposons des équivalences par contextes d’emploi et des améliorations de leur traitement lexicographique aussi bien monolingue que bilingueThe purpose of this thesis is to describe precisely the semantics of the French vague quantifiers quelques and plusieurs, and of the German einig-, ein paar, etlich- and mehrer- in order to propose a comparison. A qualitative analysis of a French literary corpus has allowed us to extricate semantic operating criteria allowing to differentiate the quantifiers from each other. These operating criteria had the possibility, for the most part, to be then applied to German quantifiers, analyzed from a similar corpus to the French one. The study of a second German corpus, journalistic, has allowed to hone on the preferences of use relative to that kind of speech. All these vague quantifiers share a core meaning of “small vague quantities” and therefore the semes and the secondary potential traits allow to know each’s own semantic profile, to understand their operation and thus their preferred use. In the last part we put together the functioning of both language’s quantifiers, offer equivalencies by context and improvements of their monolingual and bilingual lexicographic treatment
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Adaros, S. Javiera, M. Consuelo Gajardo, G. Ximena Galaz, M. Macarena Herrera, L. Jeannette Morales, M. María Paz Moya, M. Daniela Sánchez, P. Marianne Sánchez, and B. Daniela Ubilla. "Phonological contrastive analysis and error analysis, and their contribution to the elaboration of a pronunciation teaching software." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110450.
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This thesis was based upon an interdisciplinary research project “Information and Communication Technologies” (ICT‘s) for Language Learning and Edutainment in Internet a , FONDEF D05I-10243), where we could apply our knowledge about Error Analysis and focus our attention on five of the phonological processes that occur when Chilean-Spanish native speakers from Santiago, attempt to pronounce words in English. We noticed how important the teaching of phonetics is when learning a foreign language, English in this case and how it has been treated by the current trends in teaching foreign languages, which leaves it aside or ignores it. According to different studies, ¯formal phonological instruction results in improved student accuracy of pronunciation. For this reason, we thought our participation in the project mentioned above as a crucial contribution to the development of a software for secondary-school students to practise the English they learn in the classroom. We were aware of the fact that we could not demand much from their pronunciation, but we also knew that it was important to emphasise the allophonic differences that many times change the meaning of a word, so we agreed on the criteria used to work on the samples that we got from the project. From here, we decided to start our own research on the words recorded by a certain group of speakers. According to theories on Error Analysis (EA), the errors made by the speakers are considered to be a useful device in the process of Second Language Acquisition, and by doing our research, we will attempt to provide examples of these errors and how they affect the intelligibility of a word. At the same time, and as a way to complement our investigation, we considered some aspects of Interlanguage that are rarely taken into account when dealing with SLA and phonetics, mainly the psycholinguistic processes which help the development of the learners‘ interlanguage. As it was said before, we will want to highlight the importance of the allophonic features of words uttered by native Chilean-Spanish speakers and the possible errors they will make by doing so.
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Pirillo, Flávia Cunha. "As preposições com interpretação causal em alemão e português sob o enfoque da gramaticalização: um trabalho contrastivo com recorte sincrônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-03102014-182906/.
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A presente tese tem como objetivo estudar as preposições passíveis de interpretação causal em alemão e português, de forma contrastiva, com base no processo de gramaticalização e enfoque sincrônico. Para este estudo foi feito um levantamento das preposições consideradas causais ou com acepção causal na literatura. A seguir, foram recolhidas ocorrências em alemão e português para a composição de um corpus, cujas ocorrências foram testadas para que pudesse ou não ser atestado o caráter causal das preposições, além de ter sido desenvolvido um quadro para mostrar o seu grau de gramaticalização. A fim de explicar como a interpretação causal é conferida às preposições, propôs-se um desmembramento do domínio QUALIDADE proposto por Heine et al. (1991), visto que de acordo com o estudo, a noção de causa advém por meio de relações de contiguidade metonímica não só dos domínios PESSOA, ESPAÇO e TEMPO, mas também dos grupos modo, condição, instrumento, finalidade e tema, noções que provavelmente se encontram no domínio QUALIDADEThis thesis aims to contrastively study prepositions that enable causal interpretation in German and Portuguese, based on the process of Grammaticalization and with a synchronic approach. For this study, a collection of prepositions considered causal or with causal meaning in the literature was made. Thereafter, occurrences in German and Portuguese were collected to compose a corpus. Then, these occurrences have been tested in order to prove or not the possibility of the causal character of the prepositions analyzed. Also, a table has been developed to show the degree of grammaticalization of these prepositions. In order to explain how the causal interpretation is given to prepositions, we propose a breakdown of the domain QUALITY proposed by Heine et al. (1991), since according to the study, the notion of cause comes through the relationships of metonymical contiguity not only from the domains PERSON, SPACE and TIME, but also from the mode, condition, instrument, goal and theme groups, concepts that are likely to be found within the domain QUALITY
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Chiang, Chi Meng Glydis. "A contrastive analysis of English and Chinese headlines of Hong Kong local news stories." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/487.
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Lam, Fung Ming. "A contrastive structural analysis of Chinese and English newspapers of a collapsing building accident." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/369.
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Sabra, Yousra. "On Definiteness and Beyond : a Contrastive Analysis of Nominal Determination in English and Arabic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL3001.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse contrastive de la notion de défini telle qu’elle est exprimée dans le système de l’article en anglais et en arabe moderne standard. L’ensemble des notions associées au défini et à l’indéfini sont examinées d’un point de vue sémantique et d’un point de vue syntaxique, afin de découvrir la manière dont les deux langues traitent ces concepts; les différences et les ressemblances sont répertoriées dans le contexte d’une étude détaillée de corpus. Le récit, The Brook Kerith de l’écrivain irlandais George Moore a été choisi pour des raisons géo-historiques et littéraires: les événements racontés se déroulent en Terre Sainte à l’aube de l’ère chrétienne. Les occurrences du syntagme nominal en anglais et en arabe analysées dans le premier chapitre permettent de dégager les convergences et les divergences des deux systèmes. Les résultats sont soumis à une analyse quantitative et statistique. Il en ressort que la valeur de l’article défini en anglais (“the”) et en arabe (“al”) correspondent dans 76% des emplois. La ressemblance entre la valeur de l’article indéfini (“a / an”) en anglais et son équivalent en arabe s'élève à 96%. Cependant, dans la mesure où l’arabe est une langue sans article indéfini, le fonctionnement de l’article zéro en anglais est sans équivalence; on découvre que l’arabe choisit selon le contexte, soit la marque du défini (al), soit la marque sémiologique de l’indéfini. En dernière analyse, on constate une grande ressemblance entre les mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents; les différences concernent les transformations sémiotiques de la structure profondeThis thesis offers a contrastive analysis of the notion of definiteness as conveyed by the system of the article in English and Standard Arabic. Definiteness and other notions associated with it are investigated semantically and syntactically in an attempt to discover how these two languages approach such notions and when the two languages converge and diverge in this respect. To this end, corpus analysis is chosen as a means to inspect these ideas. The corpus, The Brook Kerith, by the Irish writer, George Moore, is chosen for geo-historical and literary reasons: the story takes place in the Holy Land at the dawn of this Christian era. A contrastive analysis of the first chapter along with its translation is analyzed from a pragmatic and semantic perspective. The analysis is followed by statistical and computational analyses. It is found that the article “the” and the Arabic article “al’ are used for seemingly the same purpose in the proportion of 76%. The occurrence of the article “a/an” is 96% consistent with indefiniteness in Arabic. However, the use of the “zero article” shows discrepancy as whether to use the article “al” or no article in Arabic. In the last analysis, the cognitive operations underlying usage in both languages are similar. The differences are on the level of the semiotic transformation of these deep operations
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Sabra, Yousra. "On Definiteness and Beyond : a Contrastive Analysis of Nominal Determination in English and Arabic." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997561.
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This thesis offers a contrastive analysis of the notion of definiteness as conveyed by the system of the article in English and Standard Arabic. Definiteness and other notions associated with it are investigated semantically and syntactically in an attempt to discover how these two languages approach such notions and when the two languages converge and diverge in this respect. To this end, corpus analysis is chosen as a means to inspect these ideas. The corpus, The Brook Kerith, by the Irish writer, George Moore, is chosen for geo-historical and literary reasons: the story takes place in the Holy Land at the dawn of this Christian era. A contrastive analysis of the first chapter along with its translation is analyzed from a pragmatic and semantic perspective. The analysis is followed by statistical and computational analyses. It is found that the article "the" and the Arabic article "al' are used for seemingly the same purpose in the proportion of 76%. The occurrence of the article "a/an" is 96% consistent with indefiniteness in Arabic. However, the use of the "zero article" shows discrepancy as whether to use the article "al" or no article in Arabic. In the last analysis, the cognitive operations underlying usage in both languages are similar. The differences are on the level of the semiotic transformation of these deep operations.
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Almeida, Maria Izabel de Andrade. "Prosa argumentativa em língua inglesa: um estudo contrastivo sobre advérbios em corpora digitais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2908.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal investigar como aprendizes brasileiros de língua inglesa usam advérbios com terminação em ly no inglês escrito, e comparar ao uso que deles fazem os falantes de inglês como língua materna. Para tanto, o trabalho encontra suporte teórico e metodológico na Linguística de Corpus e fundamenta-se na área chamada de pesquisa sobre corpora de aprendizes, que se ocupa da coleta e armazenagem de dados linguísticos de sujeitos aprendizes de uma língua estrangeira, para a formação de um corpus que possa ser utilizado para fins descritivos e pedagógicos. Esta área objetiva identificar em que aspectos os aprendizes diferem ou se assemelham aos falantes nativos. Os corpora empregados na pesquisa são o corpus de estudo (Br-ICLE), contendo inglês escrito por brasileiros, compilado de acordo com o projeto ICLE (International Corpus of Learner English) e dois corpora de referência (LOCNESS e BAWE), contendo inglês escrito por falantes de inglês como língua materna. Os resultados indicam que os alunos brasileiros usam, em demasia, as categorias de advérbios que indicam veracidade, realidade e intensidade, em relação ao uso que deles fazem os falantes nativos, além de usarem esses advérbios de forma distinta. Os resultados sugerem que, além das diferenças apresentadas em termos de frequência (seja pelo sobreuso ou subuso dos advérbios), os aprendizes apresentavam combinações errôneas, ou em termos de colocados ou em termos de prosódia semântica. E finalmente a pesquisa revela que a preferência dos aprendizes por advérbios que exprimem veracidade, realidade e intensidade cria a impressão de um discurso muito assertivo. Conclui-se que as diferenças encontradas podem estar ligadas a fatores como o tamanho dos corpora, a influência da língua materna dos aprendizes, a internalização dos elementos linguísticos necessários para a produção de um texto em língua estrangeira, a falta de fluência dos aprendizes e o contexto de sala de aula nas universidades
This research investigates how Brazilian learners of English use adverbs ending in-ly in written English and compares their use to that of speakers of English as a mother tongue. To this end, the work resorts to Corpus Linguistics as both theoretical and methodological support. The research is based on the area called Learner Corpora Research, which deals with the collection, storage and analysis of linguistic data produced by learners of a foreign language, which can then be used for descriptive and teaching purposes. This area aims to identify ways in which learners use of the foreign language is different or similar to that of native speakers. The data used in this research are the corpus of study (Br-ICLE), containing written English produced by Brazilian learners, built according to the ICLE project (International Corpus of Learner English), as well as two reference corpora (Locness and BAWE) containing written English produced by speakers of English as a mother tongue. The results indicate that Brazilian learners overuse the categories of adverbs that indicate truth, reality and intensity in comparison to the use made by native speakers, furthermore they use these adverbs in different ways. The results also suggest that, given the differences in frequency (either by overuse or underuse of adverbs), the learners tend to misuse combinations in terms of collocates or in terms of semantic prosody. And finally, the research reveals that the preference of learners for adverbs expressing truth, reality and intensity creates the impression of very assertive voices. We conclude that these differences may be related to factors such as the size of the corpus, the influence of the learners mother tongue, the internalization of linguistic elements needed to produce a text in a foreign language or even the lack of fluency of the learners and the classroom context in the universities
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Hellqvist, Birgitta. "Le gérondif en français et les structures correspondantes en suédois : Étude contrastive." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Romanska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-266051.
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The present study deals with the French gerund and the Swedish syntactic correspondences in a parallel corpus. The analysis is based on 3,988 authentic instances of the gerund and their corresponding structures in Swedish texts. These are collected in a corpus consisting of 13 original contemporary French novels and 13 original contemporary Swedish novels, including their respective translations. The main purpose is to identify the Swedish corresponding structures and consider how, and to what extent, they transmit the integrative function and the adverbial interpretations of the French gerund. Nine Swedish reoccurring structures are discerned, including the most common: coordinated clauses and adverbial clauses. The study shows that the nine Swedish structures share the integrative capacity of the gerund to different degrees, as well as how they transmit the adverbial interpretations in various ways. Some Swedish syntactic structures correlate with particular adverbial interpretation of the gerund. Another aim is to contribute to the existing research on the French gerund: the semantic analysis of the corpus has led to question – with authentic examples – the alleged absolute inability of the gerund to denote an eventuality that is the consequence of the eventuality denoted by the superordinate clause. The study also reveals, in light of Swedish corresponding structures, the relationship between certain adverbial interpretations of the gerund and more independent syntax in French.
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Li, Bei. "A contrastive analysis of mandarin prosody in service-oriented and non-service-oriented attitudinal spontaneous speech." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/145.
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This paper focuses on the prosody of spontaneous speech in specific field - service-oriented speech and non-service-oriented speech. It investigates the prosodic features of "service attitude utterances" and "neutral attitude utterances" in Mandarin Chinese. As study of spontaneous speech, the corpus is collected from service workplaces and two participated are included. Based on adjusted definition of prosody and intonation, this research examines the prosody factors of pitch range, mean pitch, tempo and involving accent of phrase. The research problem of this paper is to investigate prosodic patterns of service attitude utterances and neutral attitude utterances. The study defines the attitudes of "service attitude" to contrast with "neutral attitude", and classifies utterances according to prosodic structures into two types. Contrastive analyses include prosodic features of different attitudes speeches as well as of different prosodic structures. The conclusion of this study is pitch range and pitch scale both contributes to the expression of service attitude and they are not exclusive. Widening the pitch range and enlarging the pitch scale are realizations of service attitude utterances. Tempo and the accent of prosodic phrase show little relation to service attitude speech. 本文研究具體的語言場所一服務業和非服務業的自然話語的韻律特徵，考察漢語中“服務態度”和“中性態度”的韻律特點。作為自然話語研究，本文實驗的語料來自兩位發音人的其實工作場所。為了研究需要，本文重新定義了韻律和語調的關條，在此基礎上考察音域，平均基頻值，語速，以及韻律短語重音等韻律因素。 本文的研究問題是考察“服務態度”和“中性態度”兩種話語中的韻律特徵。為此，本文定義了自然話語中的“服務態度”和“中性態度”，並且將話語按照韻律結構分為兩組。文章涵蓋了兩種態度話語的韻律特徵對此，以及不同韻律結構問話語特徵的對比分析。 最終， 研究得出結論， 話語的音城和音階都有助於表達“服務態度”，兩者並不衝突，擴大音域和提高音階實現是“服務態度”表達的方式。同時發現，語速和韻律短語重音對表達“服務態度”沒有直接影響。
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Marzani, Jessica. ""The capacity of contrastive analysis to successfully predict the errors of second language learners - a case study"." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7050/.
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The aim of this dissertation is to show the power of contrastive analysis in successfully predicting the errors a language learner will make by means of a concrete case study. First, there is a description of what language transfer is and why it is important in the matter of second language acquisition. Second, a brief explanation of the history and development of contrastive analysis will be offered. Third, the focus of the thesis will move to an analysis of errors usually made by language learners. To conclude, the dissertation will focus on the concrete case study of a Russian learner of English: after an analysis of the errors the student is likely to make, a recorded conversation will be examined.
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Cokal, Derya. "A Contrastive Analysis Of The Pronominal Usages Of This And That In Academic Written Discourse." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606268/index.pdf.
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This study presents a contrastive analysis of the pronominal uses of this and that in academic written discourse. As data, the pronominal uses of this and that are retrieved from journal articles on linguistics. From these journals, 586 articles are scanned for the pronominal uses of this and that and 198 tokens are analysed.
The contrastive analysis is done in terms of the kind and span of referents this and that pick out in discourse, the types of centering transitions they signal and the rhetorical relations in which they are used. In order to investigate the types of transition they signal, the version of centering theory proposed by Grosz and Sidner (1986) and Grosz, Joshi and Weinstein (1995) is used. Also, Marcu&rsquos version (2000) of Rhetorical Structure Theory is used to analyze the rhetorical relations in which the expressions are used. The study also investigate the possible factors that lead an addresser to select one deictic expression instead of the other. The study concludes that this and that are cue phrases rather than discourse markers that construct local and global coherence.
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Wang, Wei. "Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia: A contrastive genre study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1701.
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This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.
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Wang, Wei. "Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia a contrastive genre study /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1701.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.
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Vita, Cláudia Pacheco. "A opacidade da suposta transparência: quando \'amigos\' funcionam como \'falsos amigos\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-07082007-160214/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho, tratamos de uma imagem que circula em nosso país sobre o espanhol e sua aprendizagem, segundo a qual os chamados \"falsos amigos\" constituem as principais dificuldades para o brasileiro que deseja aprender essa língua estrangeira. Partimos de uma hipótese de Celada & González (2000) de que tal modo de interpretação desse processo foi inaugurado por Nascentes (1939) quem, por sua vez, recolheu em seus estudos muitas das impressões do senso comum de sua época a esse respeito. Tal tradição norteou e em grande parte norteia ainda muitos trabalhos científicos no Brasil a respeito do ensino e da aprendizagem do espanhol, os quais se baseiam, como a interpretação tradicional que lhes dá suporte, nos pressupostos teóricos do modelo da Análise Contrastiva em sua versão forte. Primeiramente fazemos uma análise dos termos mais comuns em circulação (falsos cognatos, heterosemánticos, falsos amigos), mostrando que não fazem necessariamente referência a fenômenos da mesma natureza, e posteriormente questionamos a idéia corrente de que os falsos amigos seriam o grande vilão da aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros. Nossa proposta nesta pesquisa é tratar a aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros e a formação de sentido de outra perspectiva teórica, que nos permita observar fatores que oferecem restrições às línguas e que atuam na produção dos efeitos de sentido no contato desses dois idiomas; esses fatores serão, essencialmente, a história e as representações sociais.The present investigation refers to the traditional perception that exists in Brazil about the Spanish language and its learning by Brazilians. In such perception, the uttermost obstacle that any Brazilian must overcome in his process of learning the Spanish language are the denominated \"false friends\". According to Celada & González (2000), such perception has been introduced in Brazil by Nascentes (1939), in whose work one is able to find most of the common sense and common lore opinions about the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians. Such perception has ever since dominated most of the Brazilian academic investigation about the teaching and learning of the Spanish language, which theoretic basis can be found in the \"strong\" version of the Contrastive Analysis. This investigation begins with the analysis of the terms most commonly used by the academic investigation (such as false friends, false cognates, heterosemánticos), in order to demonstrate that such terms do not refer to the same phenomena. In the sequence, the perception that the \"false friends\" are the greatest villain in the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians is put in doubt. The final objective of this investigation is to study the process of learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians, and from another theoretic perspective, to analyse the production of meaning that allows to determine the factors (specially history and social representation) which restrict the languages, and influence the production of the meaning in the contact between Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish.
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Clover, Nicole Michelle. "An Acoustic Analysis of Elements of Contrastive Stress Produced by 8 to 10-Year-Old Children." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3283.
Full textAbstract:
Contrastive stress is an aspect of communication that can be used to highlight information, de-accent redundant information, and create distinctions between new and previously-provided information. Previous research has documented that adult speakers use relative changes in their vocal intensity, fundamental frequency (F0), and duration to mark contrastive stress in a sentence. However, less is understood about how and when children mark contrastive stress in their communication, thus the current study aims to examine a number of acoustic elements of contrastive stress in 8 to 10-year-old children. Speech samples were elicited from 20 children and analyzed to determine if the acoustic parameters of F0, intensity, and duration varied as a function of the speaking condition, speaker gender, or grammatical unit. Results of the experiment suggest that when comparing the baseline speaking condition to the speaking condition eliciting contrastive stress, significant differences were only found for the acoustic measure of mean intensity. Additionally, gender-related differences in contrastive stress were found only for the dependent measure of F0 slope, with a greater F0 slope exhibited by female speakers. All grammatical units were significantly different from one another across a number of variables, with significant interactions between baseline and target conditions and grammatical unit being analyzed. As indicated in previous research, the findings of the present study may indicate that children under 10 years of age may not have developed contrastive stress in an adult-like manner. Results may also be due to individual speaker differences, the complex nature of prosody, or measurement methodology.
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Gomes, Andrew. "Investigating the tonal contours of Sawi nouns : A contrastive analysis with established tonal features of Palula." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136539.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores whether or not tonal contours are a contrastive feature in Sawi nouns. It aims to provide evidence towards the claim that Sawi has lost contrastive tones and provide a basis from which further research into how the use of qualitative vowel differences may have replaced the pitch accent system still found in Sawi’s closest relative, Palula. This was done through the analysis of a corpus of Sawi nouns with a computer program that visually stylizes prosodic and tonal features in audio samples of the language. This corpus was then analyzed for trends within itself as well as compared to known trends in the Palula lexicon. The findings support the original hypothesis that Sawi nouns do not have contrastive pitch accents, as found in Palula; and that further research may reveal a regular or semi-regular tonal contour accentuating the final mora of each noun.
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Hoa, Nguyen, and n/a. "English and Vietnamese political news dicourse : a contrastive analysis in terms of stucture, lexis and syntax." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.100742.
Full textAbstract:
The present study is one of the first attempts undertaken to
study English and Vietnamese news discourse on a contrastive
basis. More specifically, it investigates the structure, the
lexical and syntactic features of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse.
It is hoped that the results of the study may help the Vietnamese
teacher and student to make better use of newspapers in the
process of English language teaching and learning. In addition, it
is hoped that the study may benefit the journalist, to some
extent, because it is generally assumed that if the knowledge of
news discourse structure, the linguistic features and the factors
involved are professionally known and shared, this will
facilitate news discourse production and comprehension.
The study reveals two different strategies used by English and
Vietnamese political news writers. English news writers
predominantly employ the IP structure pattern whereas
Vietnamese news writers employ BTN (Background-to-News).
Lexically, English newspapers use more lively, vigorous language,
metaphors, puns and hyperbole. In contrast, the occurrence of
serious, formal language is a very pronounced feature of
Vietnamese newspapers. This is the area where Vietnamese
students of English often have difficulty, as is indicated by the
survey. The greatest syntactic difference is sentence order,
namely, English news stories often use S + V + (O) + (A) while
their Vietnamese counterparts use A + S + V + (O) +. The other
difference is that English news paragraphs are mostly single
sentence paragraphs as disctinct from their multi-sentence
Vietnamese ones.
Chapter One is an introduction explaining the rationale, the
methods, and the data for analysis, of the present study.
Chapter Two is concerned with the theoretical background to the
study. It deals with such concepts as cohesion, coherence,
structure, relevance, text and discourse.
Chapter Three provides a contrastive overview of English and
Vietnamese newspapers, essentially in terms of ownership and
the approach to news.
Chapter Four examines the different structure patterns used by
English and Vietnamese reporters and journalists.
Chapter Five and Six study the different lexical and syntactic
features of English and Vietnamese political news discourse,
respectively.
In chapter Seven, a comparison of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse is given, which is based on the analyses
presented in chapters Four, Five and Six. In addition, it presents
the results of a survey of comprehension difficulty encountered
by Vietnamese students studying English now at the University
of Canberra, and looks at some discourse strategies involved in
news discourse production and comprehension.
The last chapter offers some implications for TEFL in Vietnam,
which are based on the author's own experience and results of a
survey. The author hopes that these implications may be of some
help to the practising teacher as well as the student.
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Mettille, Shayla D. "The Use of Contrastive Analysis in Code-Switching from Appalachian English Dialect to Standard English Dialect." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edc_etds/13.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the use of an intervention, Contrastive Analysis (CA), with fourth-graders’ writing in a Central Appalachian elementary school. The purpose was to improve the use of Standard English in students’ writing in Appalachia by decreasing the number of vernacular features typically used in the writing. The researcher collected data through Consent and Assent Forms, interviews with the fourth-grade teacher, classroom observations and an accompanying CA observation evaluation rubric, pre- and post-writing prompts, selected writings and Writer Self-Perception Scale (WSPS), as well as communication data. Data analysis was accomplished for both the prompts, writing pieces and the WSPS scores. The primary results of the study indicated that the students’ use of vernacular features did in fact decrease after the implementation of CA. An approach that takes into account the vernacular or nonstandard dialect from the home speech of children, CA is utilized to help them perform better in writing in school. The CA approach has been used successfully with African American students primarily in large urban areas. The research results indicate that lessons from CA may be “customized” and used successfully with students who are speakers of Appalachian English. During the eleven-week study, the fourth-grade teacher implemented the intervention and a fifth-grade teacher also led a non-intervention group. A comparative analysis was done to determine whether membership in the fourth grade intervention group was a significant factor in lowering non-standard features in writing. This was a descriptive case study. At the beginning and end of the study, teachers of the fourth- and fifth-grade groups administered pre- and post-tests to their respective groups in the form of writing prompts. The researcher and a second reader did vernacular counts of the writings of both groups. A comparative analysis of the frequency of vernacular features (VFs) in the writing of the fourth-grade group showed decreases greater than the fifth-grade group in three of four categories of vernacular features in writing. The categories were: regularization of past-tense verbs, multiple negation, subject/verb agreement, and pronominal difference. There was only a 1% greater decrease of VFs for the fifth grade in the fourth category. A scale of self-efficacy in writing, the Writer’s Self-Perception Scale (WSPS), was also administered by the teachers pre- and post-study to both groups of students. The difference between the fourth- and fifth-grade pre- and post-WSPS scores was not statistically significant. The findings of the study are important because they show that the use of the CA approach, when used with students from the Appalachian subculture who are speakers of Appalachian English, does make a difference in their rate of usage of Standard English in writing.