Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contrastive analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Contrastive analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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Ott, Dennis. "Contrasting contrastive-topicalization strategies." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 56, no. 2 (October 18, 2023): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.24113.

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This paper offers a comparison and preliminary analysis of ‘topicalization’ strategies in German, Basque, and English. I argue that Basque and English topics at the left periphery are dislocated elements resumed by pronominal correlates, a configuration more directly evidenced in German. I propose an analysis of left-peripheral topics in Basque and English that capitalizes on parallels with left-dislocated XPs in German. Despite superficial differences, left-dislocation configurations in the three languages can be distinguished from inversion constructions and are united in their contrastive character. I argue that dislocated XPs are parenthetical sentence fragments, building on analogous proposals for German and other languages. The analysis is shown to be flexible enough to account for relevant surface differences between the languages while also providing a principled explanation for the contrastive import of left-peripheral topics.
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den Dikken, Marcel, and Balázs Surányi. "Contrasting Contrastive Left-Dislocation Explications." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 4 (October 2017): 543–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00254.

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Of the three logically possible approaches to contrastive left-dislocation (CLD) (base-generation cum deep anaphora; movement cum surface anaphora; elliptical clausal juxtaposition cum resumption), two are represented prominently in the recent literature. Ott’s (2014) account treats CLD uniformly in terms of clausal juxtaposition, the first clause being stripped down to its contrastive topic via an ellipsis operation said to be akin to sluicing. He argues that this analysis is superior to Grohmann’s (2003) approach, featuring movement within a single prolific domain and late spell-out of a resumptive element. Using data mainly from Hungarian and Dutch, we reveal problems for Ott’s biclausal account that undermine its apparent conceptual appeal and compromise its descriptive accuracy. We show that the ellipsis operation required is sui generis, that the approach fails to assimilate the crosslinguistic variation attested in the availability of multiple CLD to known cases of parametric variation in the left periphery, and that it undergenerates in several empirical domains, including P-stranding and “floated” arguments. Grohmann’s movement- cum-surface-anaphora analysis as it stands also cannot handle all these data, but it can be fixed to fit the facts. For Ott’s analysis, no patches seem available. Some further empirical properties of CLD appear underivable from either of these approaches. For these, the base-generation- cum-deep-anaphora analysis can be considered.
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Stede, Manfred. "Contrastive analysis of some contrastive discourse markers." Kognitionswissenschaft 5, no. 3 (1995): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001970050022.

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Danesi, Marcel. "Whither Contrastive Analysis?" Canadian Modern Language Review 50, no. 1 (October 1993): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.50.1.37.

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Granger, Sylviane. "Contrastive interlanguage analysis." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.1.1.01gra.

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Since its introduction in 1996, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) has become a highly popular method in Learner Corpus Research. Its comparative design has made it possible to uncover a wide range of features distinctive of learner language and assess their degree of generalizability across learner populations. At the same time, however, the method has drawn criticism on several fronts. The purpose of this article is threefold: to provide a brief overview of CIA research, to discuss the main criticisms the method has faced in recent years and to present a revised model, CIA², which makes the central role played by variation in interlanguage studies more explicit and is generally more in line with the current state of foreign language theory and practice.
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Moyetta, Daniela Silvia, and Fabián Negrelli. "Exploring English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension materials at university level." Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, no. 29 (June 14, 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2023.615.

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A topic of debate in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension courses in Spanish speaking universities is the roleof grammar in in-house materials. This study explored and analysed the way in which these materials deal with contrastive grammar, in order to promote reflection and discussion on the subject of English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations. Results showed that there are inaccuracies in the metalanguage used, in the Spanish-English contrastive analysis of some morphosyntactic structures and in the choices of instances of direct translation from English into Spanish. It is concluded that Spanish teachers of English academic reading comprehension should be provided with reference materials that allow them to describe in a well-founded manner the differences and similarities between the linguistic resources used in these two languages. Un tema de debate en los cursos de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos en las universidades de habla hispana es el papel de la gramática en los materiales internos. En este estudio se explora y analiza la forma en que estos materiales abordan la gramática contrastiva, con el fin de promover la reflexión y el debate sobre el tema de las explicaciones gramaticales contrastivas inglés-español. Los resultados mostraron que existen imprecisiones en el metalenguaje utilizado, en el análisis contrastivo español-inglés de algunas estructuras morfosintácticas y en la elección de instancias de traducción directa del inglés al español. Se concluye que los profesores españoles de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos deben contar con materiales de referencia que les permitan describir de manera fundamentada las diferencias y similitudes entre los recursos lingüísticos utilizados en estas dos lenguas.
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Al-Ajlouny, Mohammed. "Contrastive Analysis and Diglossia." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.8.1.11.

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This paper starts by discussing the relation between contrastive analysis and diglossia, attempting to find out whether the colloquial dialects of Arabic have any influence on the learning of English by speakers of those dialects. If it does, then colloquial, as well as Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has to be contrasted to English for pedagogical purposes. So far, most contrastive analysis studies have dealt only with MSA as though colloquial has no influence on learning English. Evidence from university students' writing in MSA and English is presented to prove that colloquial does influence these students' learning of MSA and English. The paper concludes that this influence of colloquial is sufficient justification for including the colloquial dialects in Arabic-English contrastive studies, MSA alone being not enough for pedagogical purposes..
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Péry-Woodley, Marie-Paule. "Contrasting discourses: contrastive analysis and a discourse approach to writing." Language Teaching 23, no. 3 (July 1990): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444800005772.

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Aijmer, Karin. "Contrastive Pragmatics and Corpora." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340004.

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Abstract Contrastive pragmatics is closely associated with the use of parallel and comparable corpora for studying the similarities and differences between languages. Parallel corpora have now been extended to more than two languages making them more relevant for typological research, and they can be used to investigate whether there are (discourse) universals across languages. Contrastive pragmatic studies also need to take into account aspects of the communication situation and the social and cultural context. As a result, many contrastive studies nowadays are doubly contrastive in that they compare pragmatic phenomena across both genres and languages. Scholars have also begun to combine contrastive analysis (translations) with the diachronic analysis of pragmatic phenomena in historical corpora, and pragmatic phenomena are studied contrastively with the focus being on sociolinguistic aspects. Illustrating these new uses is a case study which compares English absolutely with Swedish absolut.
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Lotfipour-Saedi, Kazem. "Discourse Analysis and the Problem of Translation Equivalence." Meta 35, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003520ar.

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Abstract The translator's task has usually been defined as the establishment of an equivalence between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts, and the translation process has been characterized as a branch of contrastive linguistics. But neither the nature of translation equivalence (TE) has been carefully specified nor a comprehensive framework consistent with the true nature of linguistic I communicative behaviour has been employed for contrasting languages for translation purposes. Consequently translation studies have always lacked a sound scientific framework. This paper attempts to study the nature of TE within the framework of a comprehensive contrastive analysis of SL and TL at discourse level and suggests seven different components for TE.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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Vargas, Danny Suarez. "Detecting contrastive sentences for sentiment analysis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148304.

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A análise de contradições é uma área relativamente nova, multidisciplinar e complexa que tem por objetivo principal identificar pedaços contraditórios de texto. Ela pode ser abordada a partir das perspectivas de diferentes áreas de pesquisa, tais como processamento de linguagem natural, mineração de opinioes, recuperação de informações e extração de Informações. Este trabalho foca no problema de detectar contradições em textos – mais especificamente, nas contradições que são o resultado da diversidade de sentimentos entre as sentenças de um determinado texto. Ao contrário de outros tipos de contradições, a detecção de contradições baseada em sentimentos pode ser abordada como uma etapa de pós-processamento na tarefa tradicional de análise de sentimentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições principais. A primeira é um estudo exploratório da tarefa de classificação, na qual identificamos e usamos diferentes ferramentas e recursos. A segunda contribuição é a adaptação e a extensão de um framework de análise contradição existente, filtrando seus resultados para remover os comentários erroneamente rotulados como contraditórios. O método de filtragem baseia-se em dois algoritmos simples de similaridade entre palavras. Uma avaliação experimental em comentários sobre produtos reais mostrou melhorias proporcionais de até 30 % na acurácia da classificação e 26 % na precisão da detecção de contradições.
Contradiction Analysis is a relatively new multidisciplinary and complex area with the main goal of identifying contradictory pieces of text. It can be addressed from the perspectives of different research areas such as Natural Language Processing, Opinion Mining, Information Retrieval, and Information Extraction. This work focuses on the problem of detecting sentiment-based contradictions which occur in the sentences of a given review text. Unlike other types of contradictions, the detection of sentiment-based contradictions can be tackled as a post-processing step in the traditional sentiment analysis task. In this context, we make two main contributions. The first is an exploratory study of the classification task, in which we identify and use different tools and resources. Our second contribution is adapting and extending an existing contradiction analysis framework by filtering its results to remove the reviews that are erroneously labeled as contradictory. The filtering method is based on two simple term similarity algorithms. An experimental evaluation on real product reviews has shown proportional improvements of up to 30% in classification accuracy and 26% in the precision of contradiction detection.
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Cheung, Wai-ling Sonia, and 張慧玲. "A contrastive discourse analysis of warnings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30409202.

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Cheung, Wai-ling Sonia. "A contrastive discourse analysis of warnings /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424369.

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Ali-Mounla, Ibrahim. "Contrastive and error analysis : a case study." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contrastive-and-error-analysis--a-case-study(46dcdd55-cc53-4be2-a73f-878e1d5bd4ab).html.

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Chapter One: this chapter presents an up-to-date account of Contrastive Analysis (CA), and Error Analysis (EA). Chapter Two: this deals with the syntactic descriptions of Inflectional Phrase, (IP) in English and Syrian Arabic respectively. The descriptions of (IP) system are executed within the framework of X-bar syntax in the version outlined in Chomsky (1970 and 1986b), and Radford (1988). These descriptions focus on the various syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as IP all of which play an important role in the formation of YIN and Wh-questions. For the sake of this study, only three types of movement will be considered - i. e. I- movement, V- movement, and Wh - movement Chapter Three: this chapter describes the syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as Complementiser Phrase (CP) of the two languages within the same framework. The description focuses on I-to-C and Wh-movement. Chapter Four: this deals with English Small Clauses (SCs) and Syrian Verbless Clauses (VCs) also within the same framework. Chapter Five: this deals with contrasting the interrogative patterns of the two languages as identified in chapters 2,3 and 4, and with formulating predictions on the basis of the contrasts identified. Chapter Six: this highlights the methodology of the experiment conducted - i. e. data collection, design of the elicitation instruments, etc. Chapter Seven: this consists of analysing the elicited errors in the light of my predictions. it compares CA predictions with the attested errors to evaluate the success of the predictions and hypotheses. Chapter Eight: offers the discussion of disconfirmed predictions and errors irrelevant to predictions. Chapter Nine: this contains conclusions, pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research.
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Zeydan, Sultan. "The Analysis Of Contrastive Discourse Connectives In Turkish." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610231/index.pdf.

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This thesis is a descriptive study of four contrastive discourse connectives in Turkish. The main aim of this study is to analyze the connectives with respect to their meaning and predicate-argument structure and lay out the similarities and differences among contrastive discourse connectives with the help of quantitative analysis. Although the study is limited with contrastive connectives, it will have implications on how to resolve discourse structure in general and illustrate how lexico-syntactic elements contribute to discourse semantics.
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Kwiatek, Ewelina. "Contrastive analysis of English and Polish surveying terminology." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678421.

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Presents a study of surveying terminology, which may be considered as an under-researched area when compared to legal, medical or business terminologies, focusing on English and Polish. This book provides a wide picture of surveying terminology by looking at problems that diversified groups of users may identify. Kwiatek investigates how surveying terms are created and how they are named in English and Polish; she analyses the concept systems of the two languages with respect to surveying terminology; and she indicates the areas of surveying in which terminology and conceptual differences occur, the factors that trigger them and translation strategies which are used to solve them.
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Ludani, Malele Ma. "Contrastive analysis of English, French and Kikongo interrogatives." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257643.

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Mulvey, Bern. "Japanese and English rhetorical strategies: A contrastive analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1052.

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Nikitkova, Jelena. "Semantics of English and Lithuanian number idioms: contrastive analysis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130802_134815-91260.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristic features and meaning of number idioms in the English and Lithuanian languages and determine similarities and differences in symbolic meaning conveyed by numbers in the two cultures. The research has been conducted adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches, focusing on the main theoretical issues related to idioms and such universal and abstract phenomenon as "number" in the English and Lithuanian idioms, and searching for the relationships between number idioms in the two languages. In order to illustrate the main similarities and differences between two languages, 156 English and 212 Lithuanian idioms containing the cardinal and ordinal numbers from one to ten were subjected to the analysis. The contrastive, descriptive and statistic analysis methods were employed in the research. The results of the analysis showed that the numbers one (70 instances) and two (47 instances) are the most productive numbers in the English idioms; whereas, in the Lithuanian idioms besides the same numbers, one (99 instances) and two (35 instances), the number nine (39 instances) is common. The research demonstrated that numbers in the idioms of both languages communicate non-quantitative meaning more often than quantitative meaning. It was discovered that the choice of numbers in the idioms might be determined by logic and reality or reflect some cultural point of view. The analysis showed that the numbers one, three, six... [to full text]
Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti lietuviškų ir angliškų idiomų su skaičiais ypatumus ir reikšmes (vadovaujamasi anglų-amerikiečių tradicija terminas „idioma“ yra vartojamas vietoj lietuviško termino „frazeologizmas“); nustatyti panašumus ir skirtumus tarp skaičių simbolinių reikšmių dviejose kultūrose ir pamėginti juos paaiškinti. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamasi kiekybine ir kokybine analizė, bei teorine medžiaga, susijusi su idiomų ir skaičių simbolinėmis rekšmėmis. Šiame darbe aptariami tokie teoriniai aspektai, kaip idiomos apibrėžimo problema, kriterijai naudojami atskirti idiomas nuo laisvųjų žodžių junginių, idiomų semantinė klasifikacija, ir idiomų ir kultūros ryšiai. Pagrindiniams dviejų kalbų idiomų panašumams ir skirtumams pagrįsti buvo surinktos 156 anglų ir 212 lietuvių kalbų idiomos. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad skaičiai vienas (70 idiomos) ir du (47 idiomos) yra dažniausiai pasitaikaintys skaičiai anglų kalbos idiomose, tuo tarpu lietuvių kalbos idiomose apart tų pačių skaičių, vienas (99 idiomos) ir du (35 idiomos), yra paplytęs skaičius devyni (39 idiomos). Skaičių vienas is du dažnumas idiomose negali būti paaiškintas iš simbolinės pusės. Šių skaičių vartojimą daugiausia lemia logika ir realybė. Tačiau skaičiaus devyni dažnas vartojimas lietuviškose idiomose parodo šio skaičiaus glaudų ryšį su Lietuvos kultūra. Analizė atskleidė, kad skaičiai anglų ir lietuvių kalbų idiomose gali sukelti abiems tautoms panašias ir skirtingas asociacijas. Analizė parodė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Pham, Thi Hoa, and n/a. "Interrogative mood in English and Vietnamese : a systemic contrastive analysis." University of Canberra. Information Sciences, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.105609.

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The purpose of this study is to present a contrastive analysis of the different types of interrogative sentences in English and Vietnamese including their structures and meanings. It is also hoped that the result of this study will be of some use to English teachers in Vietnam in their classroom teaching and in their preparation of teaching materials. It may also be useful to Vietnamese students who are learning English, especially when learning the English interrogative mood. Hitherto, there have been different models of description of language, but the systemic model is considered to be one of the most comprehensive, since it is able to bring out the functional uses of language and can be used to describe any language. For this reason, the systemic model is adopted in this paper to describe the two systems of the English and Vietnamese interrogative mood. The varieties of the two languages, English and Vietnamese, from which examples are taken for analysis in this paper, are Southern British Standard and Standard Vietnamese ranging from colloquial to literary. Throughout each chapter, the examples are numbered in consecutive order. Examples in Vietnamese are presented with a slash mark ( / ) placed between lexical items to facilitate the matching of Vietnamese with the literal English translation which follows. The literal translation is followed by a freer English translation enclosed in quotation marks. The study consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, the author begins by summarizing different views on the nature of language and their applications in language teaching and learning, and then presents a short introduction to systemic linguistics and a brief sketch of systemic grammar. The second chapter is about the English interrogative mood. This description of the English interrogative mood is largely based on the ideas on Mood presented by D. J. Young, lecturer in English in the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology in Britain. In the third chapter, an attempt is made to provide a detailed description of the different types of interrogative sentences in Vietnamese. Chapter four moves to a contrastive analysis which consists of a textual and then a systemic comparison and contrast of the two interrogative mood systems in English and Vietnamese. A recapitulation of what has been done in the previous chapters and some suggestions for the preparation of teaching material and the teaching of English interrogative sentences to Vietnamese students are presented in chapter five, which is the last chapter of the study.
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Books on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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Jaszczolt, Katarzyna. Contrastive analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995.

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Hauser, Stefan, and Martin Luginbühl, eds. Contrastive Media Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.

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Willems, Dominique, Bart Defrancq, Timothy Colleman, and Dirk Noël, eds. Contrastive Analysis in Language. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524637.

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Khan, Iqtidar H. Studies in contrastive analysis. Aligarh: Dept. of Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim University, 1989.

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Fisiak, Jacek, ed. Further Insights into Contrastive Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.30.

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Jacek, Fisiak, ed. Further insights into contrastive analysis. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1990.

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Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad Z̤iyāʼ. Questions and answers on contrastive analysis & error analysis. Tihrān: Intishārāt-i Rahnamā, 2006.

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Kari, Sajavaara, ed. Applications of cross-language analysis. Jyväskylä: Dept. of English, University of Jyväskylä, 1987.

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Katarzyna, Jaszczolt, and Turner Ken 1956-, eds. Contrastive semantics and pragmatics. Oxford, U.K: Pergamon, 1996.

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Veisbergs, A. English and Latvian word-formation: Contrastive analysis. Rīga: University of Latvia, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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Ferguson, Charles A. "Contrastive Analysis." In Scientific and Humanistic Dimensions of Language, 199. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.22.30fer.

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Jaszczolt, Katarzyna M. "Contrastive analysis." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 561–65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m.con6.

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Jaszczolt, Katarzyna M. "Contrastive analysis." In Pragmatics in Practice, 111–17. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hoph.9.06jas.

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Jaszczolt, Katarzyna M. "Contrastive analysis." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1499–504. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.con6.

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Aarts, Flor, and Herman Wekker. "Contrastive grammar." In Further Insights into Contrastive Analysis, 163. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.30.10aar.

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Hauser, Stefan, and Martin Luginbühl. "Approaching contrastive media analysis." In Contrastive Media Analysis, 1–8. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.01hau.

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Drescher, Martina. "Crosscultural perspectives on advice." In Contrastive Media Analysis, 11–46. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.03dre.

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Moore, Stephen. "Global and local representations of Cambodia." In Contrastive Media Analysis, 47–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.04moo.

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Coesemans, Roel. "Contrastive news discourse analysis from a pragmatic perspective." In Contrastive Media Analysis, 67–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.05coe.

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Guillot, Marie-Noëlle. "Film subtitles and the conundrum of linguistic and cultural representation." In Contrastive Media Analysis, 101–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.226.07gui.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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Behnia, Tina, and Christos Thrampoulidis. "Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning: Landscape Analysis with Unconstrained Features." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), 575–80. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit57864.2024.10619192.

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Lin, Xingjie. "Cheat Prediction and Contrastive Analysis in Games Based on Machine Learning Methods." In International Conference on Data Science and Engineering, 464–69. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012821100004547.

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Peigang, Liu, Lan Qingsong, He Peng, Deng Ping, Liang Cheng, and Wang Yuming. "CR-FOD: foreign object detection based on contrastive analysis of key regions." In Third International Conference on Machine Vision, Automatic Identification and Detection, edited by Renchao Jin, 115. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3036480.

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Liu, Yanbei, Yu Zhao, Xiao Wang, Lei Geng, and Zhitao Xiao. "Multi-Scale Subgraph Contrastive Learning." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/246.

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Graph-level contrastive learning, aiming to learn the representations for each graph by contrasting two augmented graphs, has attracted considerable attention. Previous studies usually simply assume that a graph and its augmented graph as a positive pair, otherwise as a negative pair. However, it is well known that graph structure is always complex and multi-scale, which gives rise to a fundamental question: after graph augmentation, will the previous assumption still hold in reality? By an experimental analysis, we discover the semantic information of an augmented graph structure may be not consistent as original graph structure, and whether two augmented graphs are positive or negative pairs is highly related with the multi-scale structures. Based on this finding, we propose a multi-scale subgraph contrastive learning architecture which is able to characterize the fine-grained semantic information. Specifically, we generate global and local views at different scales based on subgraph sampling, and construct multiple contrastive relationships according to their semantic associations to provide richer self-supervised signals. Extensive experiments and parametric analyzes on eight graph classification real-world datasets well demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Dirie, Abdi-Hakin, Abubakar Abid, and James Zou. "Contrastive Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis." In 2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2019.8919886.

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Filyasova, Yulia. "NEWS HEADLINES: A CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/31/s10.042.

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Shahariar, G. M., Tahmid Hasan, Anindya Iqbal, and Gias Uddin. "Contrastive Learning for API Aspect Analysis." In 2023 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase56229.2023.00064.

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Lux, Florian, Ching-Yi Chen, and Ngoc Thang Vu. "Combining Contrastive and Non-Contrastive Losses for Fine-Tuning Pretrained Models in Speech Analysis." In 2022 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt54892.2023.10022897.

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Yongchang, Ren, Xing Tao, Liu Zhongjing, and Chen Xiaoji. "Software Maintenance Process Model and Contrastive Analysis." In 2011 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2011.324.

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Tan, Hengyu, and Qing Chang. "Contrastive analysis of multiple exciton generation theories." In Applied Optics and Photonics China (AOPC2015), edited by Shibin Jiang, Lijun Wang, Chun Tang, and Yong Cheng. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2199053.

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Reports on the topic "Contrastive analysis"

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KRUPINA, E. A. OLD ENGLISH LEXEME “RINC” IN IN THE GLOSSARIES AND IN THE TEXT OF THE POEM “BEOWULF”. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-3-51-56.

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The article considers the Old English lexeme “rinc” with the help of etymology and word formation, the author uses contrastive-comparative analysis of the headword in the glossaries and contextual analysis of the lexeme.
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Martín-Gascón, Beatriz. ¡Ahora sí que me has tocado las narices! and other tactile perception metaphors : a cognitive and contrastive analysis. Edicions i Publicacions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/sintagma.2022.34.03.

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BIZIKOEVA, L. S., and G. S. KOKOEV. МЕТАФОРЫ ШЕКСПИРА КАК ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПЕРЕВОДА ТРАГЕДИИ "РОМЕО И ДЖУЛЬЕТТА" НА РУССКИЙ И ОСЕТИНСКИЙ ЯЗЫКИ). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2020-3-3-95-106.

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Purpose. The goal of the present article is to analyze the original text of the tragedy “Romeo and Juliette” and its translations into the Russian and Ossetian languages to reveal Shakespeare’s metaphors for further analysis of the ways they are translated and possible problems translators might come across while translating. The main methods employed in the research are: the method of contextual analysis, the descriptive-analytical and the contrastive method. Results. The research was based on the theory of Shakespeare’s metaphor introduced by S.M. Mezenin. According to S.M. Mezenin the revealed metaphors were divided into several semantic groups the most numerous of which comprises metaphors with the semantic model “man - nature” that once again proved the idea of Caroline Spurgeon. The analysis of the translations into the Russian and Ossetian languages showed that translators do not always manage to preserve in the translated text unique Shakespeare’s metaphors. Practical implications. The received results can be used in teaching theory and practice of translation, cultural science, comparative lexicology of the Ossetian and Russian languages and the Ossetian and English languages.
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Maubert, Camille, Jeremy Allouche, Irene Hamuli, Eustache Kuliumbwa Lulego, Gauthier Marchais, Ferdinand Mushi Mugumo, and Sohela Nazneen. Women’s Agency and Humanitarian Protection in North and South Kivu, DRC. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.076.

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This Working Paper analyses the role and practices of women’s groups in relation to women’s protection in the provinces of North and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Contrasting qualitative materials from communities in Congo with the literature on women’s agency, we explore the spaces, strategies, and repertoires used by women to increase their participation in community protection structures. Using case studies from North and South Kivu, including protection projects supported by ActionAid and Oxfam, we show how women’s leadership groups can constitute an empowering space and vehicle for women’s collective negotiation for protection which spans across several interrelated spheres: domestic, community, and professional, as well as legal, religious, and customary. Through our analysis of how women’s groups shape protection discourses and progressively change practices, we aim to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of what a women-led approach to protection means in practice as well as the challenges and opportunities that women face in order to expand their agency in a conflict-affected and patriarchal context.
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Nic Daeid, Niamh, Heather Doran, Lucina Hackman, and Pauline Mack. The Curse of the Burial Dagger Teacher Materials. University of Dundee, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001220.

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The Curse of the Burial Dagger is an interactive graphic novel murder mystery, created by the Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science and digital story studio Fast Familiar. Players use maths, logic and critical reasoning skills to assist Susie uncover different types of forensic evidence and weigh up contrasting hypotheses. Can they uncover the events leading up to Lord Hamilton’s death and deduce how he died…before the curse strikes again? These documents are the Teacher/Group lead pack which contain additional resources including: • The Teacher/Group Lead Pack – Teacher walk through – Factsheet – What is Forensic Science? – Factsheet – What is a hypothesis? – Marzipan Calculation – Factsheet and activity – Fingerprint Analysis – Activity – Chromatography investigation • Printable completion certificate • Printable Note paper and fact-sheet
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Bianchi, Matias, Florencia Coda, Jennifer Cyr, Ian Heffernan, and Jessica Meeker. Effective Governance Responses to Crises: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.011.

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In times of crisis, decision-making becomes paramount, yet it is often influenced by two distinct behavioural patterns: analysis paralysis and risk aversion. Drawing a parallel between the studies presented in this brief, it is possible to discern the interplay of analysis paralysis and risk aversion within institutional responses to crises. The research from the African School of Economics (ASE) examines the phenomenon of analysis paralysis within the context of democratic institutions. It highlights the correlation between democratic rights and long-term economic prosperity while cautioning against the negative consequences of reversing these rights. The study delves into potential mechanisms contributing to the deterioration of democratic institutions during crises, including limited collective action and the acceptance of repressive policies. By analysing survey results from Benin, Burkina Faso, and South Africa, the research uncovers varying degrees of acceptance of perceived repressive policies and willingness to protest, shedding light on the vulnerability of democratic institutions when faced with analysis paralysis. These findings underscore the importance of addressing decision-making bottlenecks, encouraging timely action, and fostering an environment where collective action is possible. Contrasting this, the research from Colabora.Lat focuses on the impact of risk aversion in institutional responses to the pandemic. The findings emphasise the importance of collaboration, highlighting how governments and various actors working together can effectively address the multifaceted challenges posed by crises. Through the lens of risk aversion, the study explores how collaboration enabled governments to combine resources, knowledge, and experiences to produce unified messages and mitigate the worst health impacts. It showcases the successes observed in countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico, where collaborative governance fostered effective policy outcomes, including lower mortality rates. By combining the insights from these texts, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by institutions during times of crisis. Acknowledging the potential pitfalls of analysis paralysis and the transformative potential of collaborative responses, policymakers and decision makers can navigate crises with more agility, ensuring the preservation of democratic institutions and mechanisms while effectively addressing the health and socioeconomic impacts of crises.
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Prusky, Dov B., Tesfaye Mengiste, and Robert Fluhr. Mechanisms activated by fungal-based host pH modulators during quiescent infections and active postharvest disease development. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597911.bard.

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This project aims were to provide new insights on the mechanisms activated during alkalinization and acidification of the infection court by Colletotrichum and Botrytis spp. respectively that will lead to quiescent infection-development on tomato fruits. We have chosen these pathogens due to their contrasting life style of alkalinization and acidification, respectively. We will study the roles of these fungal-based host-pH modulators in modulating host gene expression during quiescent infection development and compare these roles with those governing active colonization as a basis for developing novel strategies for control of postharvest diseases. The aims will be pursued through: Characterization of the effects of pH modulation on fungal-plant cell-cell signaling and on the fungal and plant transcriptome during the initial stages of fungal quiescence. The unpublished material that is presented as short abstract is considered one of the key point modulating Characterization of expression profiles of tomato fruits affected by acidifying and alkalinizing pathogensduring the transformation of quiescent to active infections by Colletotrichum and Botrytis. Functional analysis of selected genes involved in signaling pathways that affects the quiescent and active infections of Colletotrichum and Botrytis.
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Kanninen, M. F. L51718 Development and Validation of a Ductile Fracture Analysis Model. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010321.

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In close cooperation with the Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM) and SNAM of Italy, with several years of support from the PRCI NG-18 committee, the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed and validated a "first principles" predictive model for ductile fracture in a gas transmission pipeline. In particular, the coordinated SwRI and CSM projects for the PRC -supplemented by work contributed by SNAM - has established a theoretically valid methodology and an accompanying line pipe material characterization procedure for gas industry use. This progress provides a theoretically sound framework for designing and operating gas transmission pipelines to be without risk of a large-scale ductile fracture event. However, there remained two important aspects of this technology that needed to be addressed before practical use of the methodology could be made by gas transmission companies. First, because the preceding projects concentrated on pipes with natural gas, to cover the full range of gas transmission pipeline service, the approach needed to be extended to include the effects of gases rich in hydrocarbons. Second, as the number of full-scale pipe fracture experiments that were included in the developmental phase of the research were limited, other data for validation of the model needed to be identified and employed. These two aspects of the ductile fracture methodology development process were conducted concurrently, and have now been completed. The progress that has been provided in detail in this report. The work is culminated by a relation through which the methodology can be applied by pipeline engineers to assess the possibility of a ductile fracture propagation. This report describes the development of a predictive model for ductile fracture in a gas transmission pipeline, thus providing a theoretically sound framework for designing and operating gas pipelines to be without risk of a large-scale ductile fracture event. The model represents an improvement on a number of empirical relations used in designing natural gas pipelines in that this model has been generalized to consider a wide-range of hydrocarbon contents and validated through both additional full-scale instrumented tests carried out by Centro Sviluppo Materiali of Italy and computer simulations conducted at Southwest Research Institute. Application of the model in pipeline design is based on determination of the maximum driving force for fracture, as described in the report, and contrasting this value with measured material resistance that provides a basis for assessing the likelihood of ductile fracture occurring. For existing pipelines the procedure can be used to obtain the maximum operating line pressure that will not put the pipeline at risk of ductile fracture.
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Lim, Jeehee, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, Yao Wang, and Fei Han. Development of Protocols for Reuse Assessment of Existing Foundations in Bridge Rehabilitation and Replacement Projects. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317654.

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The existing foundations of a bridge can sometimes be reused. This may occur when a completely new bridge is built but also in bridge or superstructure widening projects. Reuse of existing foundations not only eliminates the costs associated with demolishing and disposing of old foundations, but also reduces the costs of the design and construction of new foundation elements. However, several challenges exist, including assessing the structural integrity, estimating the current capacity, estimating the remaining service life, and considering current design codes and specifications of the existing foundations, and clear guidelines for foundation reuse. The absence of foundation reuse guidelines by INDOT hinders the reuse of bridge foundations and prevents design consultants from designing new structures using existing foundations. In this project, comprehensive foundation reuse guidelines were developed in the form of flow charts based on a literature review on bridge foundation reuse design—including technical publications and existing standards and codes—and a set of analyses. The proposed guidelines include detailed guidance on inspection of the structural integrity of existing foundations, determination of as-built geometry of existing foundations, capacity estimation of existing foundations, minimum requirements for foundation reuse, and selection of foundation reuse solutions. The proposed guidelines for foundation reuse design were tested in an ongoing INDOT project. From the implementation project, we found that a complete site investigation that produces reliable estimation of soil profile and properties, is essential to determine whether there is reserve capacity in existing foundations. Additional site investigation is generally worth doing, not only to account for any strengthening of the soil that may have occurred over time, but also because of the greater accuracy in interpretation and analysis that results. We also found that use of the most current, cutting-edge methods can be useful in estimating the reserve capacity of existing foundations, and that design checks using different design codes can produce contrasting results.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2021): A Characterization of Bike Trails and Highways in the Fresno/Clovis Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2128.

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The San Joaquin Valley is identified as an area with a high level of particulate matter (PM) in the air, reaching above the federal and state clean air standards (EPA 2019). Many of the cities in the valley are classified as the most polluted cities in the United States for both particulate matter and ozone pollution (American Lung Association, 2021). To resolve this issue, alternative forms of transportation have been considered in transportation planning. In this study, active transportation mode air quality was monitored on selected Woodward Park and Old Clovis trails and urban bike lanes. Real-time aerosol monitors, and low-cost sensors were carried in a backpack on bicycles during the sampling. Researchers collected GPS data via a portable GPS technology called Tracksticks. Driving transportation mode air quality data was acquired from the roadways within the Fresno/Clovis area, spanning six sampling routes, and during intercity trips between Fresno, Berkeley, and Los Angeles, for a total of five sampling routes. ‘On-Road' (outside vehicle) monitors were installed on the roof of a vehicle while ‘In-Vehicle’ monitors were installed inside the vehicle for comparison with the particulate pollution levels in the two contrasting microenvironments. The results showed the following three main outcomes: (1) clear relationships exist among PMs of different sizes; (2) there were greater variations in air quality of bike trails and On-Road samples than backyard and In-Vehicle samples; (3) we observed significant differences in air quality inside and outside the vehicle while driving local and intercity roadways; and (4) the road trip to the Bay area revealed that San Joaquin Valley has increased ambient PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) levels compared to those in the Bay Area on every trip, regardless of the daily change of the air quality.
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