Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contraste Mental'
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Aznar, Casanova José Antonio. "El "continuum de eficacia en la recuperación": un marco integrador para el estudio de los comportamientos mnémicos. Modelo predictivo de la eficacia y contraste experimental en pruebas de reconocimiento verbal visual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2552.
Full textLa corriente del Procesamiento de información (en su enfoque neoconexionista, fundamentado en la metáfora del ordenador) ha utilizado habitualmente las pruebas de recuerdo libre, con claves de recuperación y reconocimiento, como un medio que permitía inferir una explicación del mecanismo del sistema de memoria humano. Dicho en términos cognitivistas, responder al problema de ¿qué estructuras, procesos y representaciones subyacen a la memoria? y ¿cómo éstas interactúan entre si?
En esta investigación, básicamente, pretendemos dar puesta a otras cuestiones complementarias: ¿qué factores de las pruebas mnémicas determinan las modificaciones de los procesos que subyacen a la memoria? y ¿a qué agrupamientos de procesos (estrategias) dan lugar. Es decir, se intenta buscar una explicación, en términos de procesamiento de información, sobre cómo interactúa la estructura formal de las pruebas de memoria con la estructura física y lógica de la memoria para dar lugar a comportamientos dirigidos por estrategias.
Partimos de un análisis de los comportamientos anémicos (recuerdo libre y con claves, reconstrucción y reconocimiento). Como consecuencia de éste, se ponen de manifiesta diferencias en las demandas de la tarea que inducen a distintas estrategias. Además, las condiciones de prueba de la memoria parecen ordenarse en un "continuum de recuperación", definida por la función inversa entre las variables "comprensión" y "extensión" categorial. De confirmarse dicho continuo, nos proporcionaría un marco integrador de los comportamientos mnémicos, que pueden generarse al manipular las condiciones de prueba.
Con objeto de verificar estas cuestiones, confeccionamos ocho pruebas de reconocimiento, que nos permitieran establecer comparaciones válidas en condiciones uniformes. Así, decidimos utilizar un paradigma experimental de búsqueda visual con elección múltiple forzada.
Estas situaciones de prueba (tratamientos) surgen de la combinación de tres factores dicotómicos: formato del ítem consigna, de los ítems de prueba (CG= configuración global o LC= lista de características) y nivel de procesamiento (grafémico o semántico).
De la combinación de los dos formatos (consigna y prueba) establecer dos tipos de tarea: analógica o de formatos isomórficos y categorial o de formatos heteromórficos. Y en estos tipos de tarea, cuatro direcciones de recuperación de información: CG->CG, LC->LC, CG->LC y LC->CG.
Para profundizar en los procesos que son postulados para estas condiciones de reconocimiento, seleccionamos una serie de variables que nos permiten manipular la complejidad de la tarea: nivel de integración-disociación, tamaño de la matriz de reconocimiento, tipa de ensayo (positivo, negativo), localización del ítem crítico, similitud, longitud de los ítems y familiaridad de las palabras.
También se pretende elaborar un modela predictivo de la eficacia alcanzada par los sujetos en estas tareas y contrastar otros modelos estructurales generados para cada Prueba.
El diseño de recogida de datos se ajusta a un factorial mixto, donde las variables de agrupamiento son el sexo y el orden de aplicación (contrabalanceo) indicador del entrenamiento en la tarea. Intervinieron 32 sujetos voluntarios, de 13-14 años y en igual proporción de sexo.
Los resultados se agrupan en dos bloques: análisis de variables (interpruebas e intrapruebas) y análisis del modelo (macromodelo y micromodelos). Éstos ponen de manifiesto el ajuste de las condiciones estudiadas al modelo, respecto a la variable "eficacia en los procesos de recuperación". Dicha variable, definida mediante el coste temporal (latencias) de cada acierto (exactitud) en una determinada prueba, posibilita una ordenación de los tratamientos. La pendiente de la recta nos indica la velocidad del procesamiento. Además, detectamos dos estrategias que los sujetos utilizan en estas tareas: globalista-contextual y analítico-semántica.
Estos datos apoyan la existencia de un sólo mecanismo de memoria y las diferencias interpruebas deben atribuirse, con mayor propiedad, al uso de tales estrategias deliberadas que a una dicotomía funcional entre los sistemas de memoria episódico y semántico.
Además de la importancia de variables situacionales y estimulares, también se evidenció la relevancia de las expectativas y entrenamiento en la tarea.
The objective of this work is to show the functional relations among same experimental conditions of recognition, that originate several mnemonics behaviour and certain aspects of the response (speed, exactness and efficacy).
The analysis of this behaviour manifests the following:
1) The factors that may generate them
2) Its arrangement in a continuum of efficacy in recuperation
3) The use of deliberate strategies
4) The adequacy of processes and representations to request of the task and nature of the stimulus.
In order to verify this hypothesis we carried out eight trials of recognition, formally equivalent and interrelated, that they have been applied to 32 students of 8th. E.G.B (age=13-14 years).
The results confirm the relevant facts, verify the "continuum", suggest two strategies (globalist-contextual and analytical-semantic) and inform of processes and representations.
Kaczmarek, Nicolas. "Différentes voies pour favoriser le changement comportemental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH035.
Full textSeveral models emphasize the importance of motivation and volition for promoting behavior change. The original aim of this thesis is to combine some motivational and/or volitional strategies to identify the generated mechanisms and potential moderators, and ultimately to determine how to maximize their effectiveness. Five strategies are considered: mental contrasting, motivational self-determination support, hierarchical goal framing (motivational strategies), approach-avoidance training, and implementation intentions (volitional strategies). The research program is divided into three axes. Axis 1 examines the hypothesis that a difficult and stressful task (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test - Computerized) is better performed, and generates more self-determination (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) when the goal is framed hierarchically (focus on commitment) or mixed hierarchically-conditionally (focus on commitment and outcome), than conditionally (focus on outcome). The results of frequentist analyses of data from 167 students (Mage = 23.3, SD = 3.7; 54.49% female) do not support the hypothesis. The potential role of the mismatch between spontaneous and assigned goal framing, as well as other motivational factors, is discussed. Axis 2 focuses on the interest of combining approach-avoidance training and implementation intentions to help patients with alcohol use disorders changing an automatic tendency to approach alcohol. Variants of the Approach-Avoidance Task were performed in three conditions: standard training and training with implementation intentions involved systematic avoidance of alcohol, with only the instructions differing (“I move away from alcohol” vs. “If I see alcohol, then I move away from it”); the control condition involves approaching and avoiding alcohol equally. The hypothesis is that training with implementation intentions, and to a lesser extent standard training (vs. control condition), helps to change: approach-avoidance tendencies (Approach-Avoidance Task) at post-test, and alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test - Consumption), dependence (Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire), and biopsychosocial repercussions (Short Inventory of Problems - Revised) at 2-month follow-up. We have validated and published the dependence and repercussions questionnaires in French. In August 2024, 75 patients with alcohol use disorders were recruited (Mage = 47.5, SD = 11.6; 73.33% male); data collection is currently ongoing. Preliminary results from Bayesian analyses provide initial evidence suggesting that training is effective, but that the implementation intentions has no added value. Explanations in terms of the characteristics of the implementation intentions used and the dynamics of change are put forward. A confirmatory report focusing on this study has been accepted by the International Review of Social Psychology. Axis 3 examined the hypothesis of an effectiveness of mental contrast and implementation intentions (vs. control condition) in promoting physical activity (Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire) at 1-month follow-up, and its enhancement by combining them together. It was also hypothesized that mental contrast would act primarily on engagement, while implementation intentions would act primarily on behavioral automaticity (Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index). Six hundred insufficiently active adults will be recruited. The results of Bayesian analyses are likely to provide evidence on the effectiveness of the strategies and how they work. A confirmatory report focusing on this study has been accepted by the International Review of Social Psychology
Federico, Jeanne E. "Oral/written contrast of mental state references in older children." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001056.
Full textGonggryp, Thibault. "L' hospitalisation sous contrainte du patient malade mental : la légitimité d'une institution attentatoire aux libertés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32039.
Full textIn the field of mental health, the legislation is now experiencing an unprecedented crisis and there are many practitioners, elected members and authors who call for a reform of the legal system concerning psychiatric hospitalization under constraint which is nowadays considered as inadequate for modern practice and much too dangerously liberticidal. Preceding a reform presented as impending, this thesis splits in two. The first section is devoted to the specificity of mental illness and to the historical origin of psychiatric hospitalization under constraint. Because the mental alienation is a very peculiar pathology and because its effects concern public order, the law has elaborated a complex and balanced legislation through the years. And it is still topical. The second section focuses on the 1990’s legislations confronted to the rule of personal freedom and the patient’s rights. Several options have been considered to establish a new equilibrium between the rights of the mentally sick patient and the right of the society willing to protect itself against pathologies sometimes particularly violent. But it seems a consensus was reached: the idea is to submit to the judge, traditionally considered as the only guarantor of personal freedom, either the decision of admission or the total control of the entire contentious. Yet, this “judiciarization”, far from solving the want of the system in force, lays other difficulties. It stumbles over the principle of the separation between administrative and judiciary authorities, it comes up against the reality of the dogma according to which the judge is the sole credible protector of Liberty, the administrative judge being presumed to be arbitrary and partisan. A close investigation of the legislation and mental health precedents seems to shatter this myth. Similarly to the complexity of this subject, the reform of this wing cannot happen with simplistic processes or shortcuts based upon the sole certainty that the judge will solve every difficulties of a breathless system
Hansen, Andrea L. "No-Suicide Contracts with Suicidal Youth: Utah Mental Health Professionals' Perceptions and Current Practice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3464.
Full textALLMANG, THOMAS NATHALIE. "Contrainte mentale et polyvalence : a propos d'une enquete faite aupres de 644 salaries." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3093.
Full textMenan, Frédéric. "Influence de la corrosion saline sur la tolérance aux dommages d'un alliage d'aluminium aéronautique 2XXX." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Menan-Frederic/2008-Menan-Frederic-These.pdf.
Full textThis project focuses on the characterization of the aluminum alloy 2024 in fatigue crack propagation in saline solution. The first aim is the characterization of the synergistic effects between the cyclic loading, the metallurgy of the alloy and the environmental attack, and their influence on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation. Those effects are shown to be controlled by rise time, and are discussed in terms of a competition between passivation of the crack tip and hydrogen embrittlement enhanced by anodic dissolution. The second aim is the analysis of the difference between a permanent immersion and an alternate immersion in saline solution during fatigue crack propagation. A net increase in the crack growth rates can be observed when the alloy is exposed to an alternate immersion, compared to a permanent immersion. For the two first aims, the possible contribution of stress corrosion cracking is quantified, as a function of the mechanical loading and the environment. The last aim of this study is the examination of the applicability of the results obtained on the 2024 alloy to other aeronautical aluminum alloys
Fitzroy, Sarah. "Mental health professionals' experience of organisational change in the NHS." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17466.
Full textEdwards, Stephen J. "No-suicide contracts, no-suicide agreements and no-suicide assurances : an exploratory study of their nature, utilization and perceived effectiveness." University of Western Australia. Social Work and Social Policy Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0149.
Full textGautier, Jean-Louis. "Hospitalisation psychiatrique sous contrainte et droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32034.
Full textThe old law on insane people has often been criticized but none of the numerous attempts of reform, that it has met throughout its history, has prevented the outstanding move of cares towards more liberty, notably through sectorization. The lack of adaptation of the monarchist law made the legislator act in 1990, but the action was very relative as 90-527 law only rephrased, with some updates, the means to constrain to a treatment abiding by public policy. But, the new law, intended for the improvement of liberty and the protection of hospitalized insane persons, had paradoxical results: an extension and a reinforcement of psychiatric constraint, which made reappear the criticisms of jurisdictional dualism, which psychiatric hospitalization is subjected to. The court relentlessly reaffirmed its attachment to the principle of separation of administrative and judiciary authorities, while it was rejecting the legal argument’s unification of the psychiatric hospitalization without agreement in favor of the judicial judge. The High Court, with an adjudication dated from February 17th, 1997, made a rationalization of disagreement’s skills which allowed the jurisdictional plan to reveal its efficiency : administration, nowadays, has to make sure the hospitalization is respectful of procedures, it would be compulsorily sanctioned in case of a breach of the rules (First part). Nevertheless, hospitalized persons without acceptance should worry about the high-level of guarantee of their rights. Since 1997, an imminent reform of this law has been expected. Numerous reports and studies have led to sanitarian or security order proposals, which sparked concern. The measures about the statement of penal irresponsibility due to mental disorder, and tackled in 2008-174 law, kept feeding these concerns making the situation of persons forced to psychiatric cares worse. The bill submitted to the President of the national assembly on May 5th, 2010, confirmed this evolution. The text pending the parliamentary institution has a sanitarian aim, but the individual right to health protection would justify a constraint that public order can not establish ; the necessity of psychiatric cares would not only be based on the external manifestation of the disease as an aspect of civilian life. Moreover, even if the constitutional Council’s requirements, defined during a major questioning of the constitutionality of the maintenance of constrained hospitalization, are an enhancement, the increased presence of a judicial judge during the procedure would not ensure better guarantee as long as the new disposals operate a deep transformation of judges' duties, notably if they are associated with the decision of constrained cares. Against all expectations, the sanitarian aspect of the measure, when it turns to be an end in itself and is not dependent on public order, is dwindling liberties (Second part)
Chaubet, Stéphanie. "La déclaration d'irresponsabilité pénale pour trouble mental au stade de l'instruction." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10045/document.
Full textLike many other laws passed in criminal matters, law n° 2008-174, dated 25 february 2000, relating to security detention and criminal irresponsibility due to mental disorders, was adopted in response to the deep emotion of the public opinion generated by the media coverage of tragic events.This law has two main components : the first focuses on "security detention" for criminals with severe personality disorders, cause of a "particularly dangerous nature" ; the second part entitled "declaration of irresponsibility due to mental disorders" interested persons found not criminally responsible in application of article 122-1 § 1 of the Penal Code. While the second part of the 2008 law had a lesser media coverage than the first one, he raised and still raises heated debates. Composed of several dispositions inspired by various works related to the question of criminal responsibility due to mental disorders, that led to the formulation of sometimes surprising recommendations, the second part of the 2008 law was strongly criticized. Some of these dispositions, however, were unanimously approved. After five years of application, what conclusions should be drawn ? During the investigation phase, the results are somewhat mixed. It seems that some of the changes that were made on the occasion of the 2008 law have an uncontestable utility, but, others, however, are insufficient or unnecessary
Parada, Sterpi Michelle Carolina. "Las personalidades psicopáticas y su relevancia en la culpabilidad : análisis, contrastes y problemática sobre su imputación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116243.
Full textMemoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
La presente memoria analiza las distintas Enajenaciones Mentales relevantes para la aplicación de nuestro derecho penal, tanto sustantivo como material, respecto del Juicio de Culpabilidad de los individuos que las padecen. Se analiza a la Culpabilidad como el elemento subjetivo de la Teoría del delito y su categoría de Imputabilidad para establecer las directrices principales para el examen de responsabilidad. El objetivo esencial es demostrar la problemática de Imputación existente en los casos de psicopatía en los sujetos activos del delito. En el contexto de la Culpabilidad se examinará su evolución conceptual, cuyos elementos son decidores para establecer los parámetros en la cual actualmente cumple con su funcionalidad principal. Para esto se realiza un examen teórico y legislativo nacional e internacional respecto del concepto de Culpabilidad. Luego se abordará a la Imputabilidad como categoría examinadora de la Culpabilidad. Su abordaje conceptual desde los puntos de vista jurídico y psiquiátrico, además de una necesaria ilustración acerca de la Psiquiatría como ciencia auxiliar del derecho. Para establecer los elementos de contraste para la consecución de nuestra propuesta, hemos de presentar la Clasificación de las Enajenaciones Mentales que la doctrina jurídico penal ha determinado como relevantes para el estudio y aplicación de la Teoría de la Culpabilidad e Imputabilidad. Se examinarán sus elementos, los elementos criminológicos que puedan suscitarse y las especificaciones que sirven de herramienta diferenciadora frente a la Psicopatía. Finalmente se abordará a la Psicopatía desde una perspectiva general a particular. La problemática aún no resuelta acerca de su conceptualización y el establecimiento de un Trastorno Antisocial de la Personalidad, el cual presenta elementos diagnósticos especiales que, contrastados con las enajenaciones mentales anteriores, permiten la categorización de un régimen de imputabilidad en base al compromiso psíquico del Juicio de Realidad. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se ha utilizado doctrina nacional e internacional, así como legislación penal nacional e internacional para establecer los puntos conciliadores y diferenciadores de los conceptos aludidos. Además, se ha dispuesto de entrevistas a dos facultativos del área clínica psiquiátrica y psicológica, debido a la complejidad de ciertos conceptos y escenarios como también para la demostración casuística del examen de Imputabilidad en casos de presentarse una personalidad psicopática.
李雅茜. "違約精神損害賠償研究 : Study on compensation for mental damage caused by breach of contract." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1880541.
Full textSferlazzo-Boubli, Karine. "Le droit et les soins psychiatriques non consentis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0390.
Full textMental disease is a public health challenge that questions about the fundamental rights and freedoms of people with it. Mental disease can disrupt the discernment of patients. It sometimes requires the application of specific legislation whose purpose is to protect, through care and confinement, the person himself and others. People with mental disorders are not only sick, but also subjects of the law. They must have the same rights and fundamental freedoms as any other person and, above all, they require the same guarantees when, out of necessity, they are restricted. Their freedom to come and go, their private life and their dignity are particularly exposed. The question is whether, in the light of human rights reflections, their infringement is always justified and whether the guarantees offered for their protection are effective with regard to the people with mental disease. The concepts of consent and dignity need to be revised so that they can extend to this category of patients and can effectively protect them. While progress has been made to guarantee fundamental rights and freedoms, much remains to be done for people suffering of mental disease and deprived of their liberty because of the care they require
Mollard, Christel. "Le traitement médico-psychologique des détenus." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30006.
Full textPrison sentences constitute the first response to the requirements of delinquency repression in France. Since many prisoners, as they enter the penitentiary system, happen to be homeless, with no social security cover, physically and/or mentally ill, drug, alcohol or medicine addicts, the penal system finds itself confronted to a paradox between the needs of the detainees regarding health care on the one hand and crime repression on the other. This contradiction often has for a result that the prisoners’ medico-psychological problems find no solution in jail and remain as they get out. This situation may become prejudicial as much for the individuals than for the penal and judiciary systems. In front of the conflict between health care, punition and rehabilitation, this Ph. D. adopts a double perspective, both prospective and empirical: it aims at hanging together the recent legal reforms and the medico-psychological treatment practices that are currently at stake in a specific detention center
Berthon, Georges. "Hospitalisation sur demande d'un tiers ? : Comment envisager la contrainte en psychiatrie et respecter la règle du consentement." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T015.
Full textBeaudry, Jonas-Sébastien. "Can social contract theory fully account for the moral status of profoundly mentally disabled people?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ec42c39-8ee1-470c-b107-8625c97f610a.
Full textIhout, Sophia. "Approche comparative des soins psychiatriques et des libertés individuelles des patients en droit français et anglo-américain." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080034.
Full textToday, the quality of psychiatric care represents a public health issue. More than one person in four is exposed to mental disorders throughout his / her life. Care can be provided in mental institutions (inpatient care) or in the city through medical consultations (outpatient care). Psychiatric hospitalization can be voluntary or forced but it must respect some important criteria in order to enforce his fundamental rights and civil liberties. Indeed, psychiatric care cannot be separated from the exercise of the patient’s rights. Yet psychiatry did not always have a good reputation. Accused of being useless and dangerous to the sick, psychiatric care is deeply associated with the use of contention. Poor health conditions in mental institutions and physical abuse have undermined the standing of psychiatric care throughout the 19th and 20th centuries: enchainment, molestation, humiliation, malnourishment of the “insane”, use of seclusion, sedation and physical contention (restraint straps), etc. The institutional psychotherapy and the antipsychiatric movements have emerged in order to put an end to these forms of abuse and improve the quality of care and health conditions in mental institutions. Nowadays, the purpose of these currents of thoughts is to ensure the patient’s fundamental rights and improve the standard of care. Mental institutions must not constitute a place of confinement and segregation. Quality of care must be associated with the exercise of rights such as the freedom of movement in and out of the hospital, the right to correspondence or to refuse a treatment, etc. However, recent cuts in the financial resources of hospitals create great difficulties regarding the quality of care and the respect of patients’ rights: staff reduction, CCTV implementation, patient seclusion in their own room, etc. French, British and American laws will be compared in order to tackle their resemblances and differences regarding involuntary hospitalization. Our subject will also include inmates and homeless people suffering from mental disorders and their medical care when available. Access to care is especially difficult for these patients due to their precarious situation or the resistance of prison authorities. Then, medication safety and efficiency will be addressed: indeed, it constitutes the first source of psychiatric care along with mental institutions
Trentzsch-Joye, Sabine. "Rupture du contrat psychologique, stress et souffrance au travail : une recherche réalisée au sein du dispositif souffrance au travail du CHU Toulouse-Purpan." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634276.
Full textMoreau, Delphine. "Contraindre pour soigner ? : les tensions normatives et institutionnelles de I'intervention psychiatrique après l'asile." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0152.
Full textThis research explores the use of coercion by psychiatry, which has been deeply evolving since asylum: care is today mainly free and ambulatory, durations of stay have been strongly reduced. This issue is approached through two dimensions: first coercive practices themselves, put in perspective among the interventions of trie professionals, second, the institutional, legal, architectural, spatial dispositifs [apparatus, assemblage], which crystallize a certain arbitration among normative tensions between care/cure, security and freedom. The use of coercion has always been at the core of the charges of arbitrary, abuse, violence, carried against psychiatry, sometimes by the professionals themselves. It is nevertheless advocated in the name of the protection of the people coerced themselves. The inquiry follows how different practices are unequally exposed to the critics and the variation of the forms of their regulations. In order to do so, this research is based on (1) an analysis of the legal and regulatory apparatuses framing the practices of constraint and their binds to the spatial organization of psychiatric care from 1838 to 2013, (2) an ethnographic investigation in various psychiatric care units mainly within a « psychiatric sector » (hospitalization unit, 6 months, crisis centre, 3 months), supplemented by other observations (hospitalization and emergency units, 2 months), and (3) interviews with professionals of the units (n=61)
Trentzsch-Joye, Sabine. "Rupture du contrat psychologique, stress et souffrance au travail : une recherche réalisée au sein du dispositif souffrance au travail du CHU Toulouse-Purpan." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20046.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to study the origins and psychosocial consequences of the working situations leading to stress and mental suffering. It is looking primarily at how the psychological contract has been impacted by the changes that have evolved in the working environment in the past years. It is more particularly centered on the mental processes through which a breach of the psychological contract is being perceived and on the processes that are applied to cope with this altered employment relationship.From a theoretical standpoint, this research departs from the traditional approach to occupational stress insofar as it integrates subjective dynamics into the study of stress and suffering at work. Our theory suggests that the heterogeneous experiences and temporalities of employees have an influence on the organizational socialization as well as on the development of the employment relationship and the subjective regulation of conflicts. A local public hospital service offering psychological care for people suffering from their working situation provide the frame of the research. The information collected via this clinical work done with 103 persons is used for the qualitative and quantitative data analyses. The clinical observations are systematically compared to the results of the statistical analysis. We establish a link between the perception of a violation of the psychological contract and the deterioration of the mental health of the persons received in this psychological care center. We underline the impact of the contract’s breach, often a consequence of changes occurring in the working environment, on the individual as well as on the employment relationship. The empirical and the statistical results emphasize the need for the development and the implementation of psychosocial risks prevention measures by multidisciplinary working groups
Gangloff-Ziegler, Christine. "DE L'EMPLOI A L'EMPLOYABILITE ET DE L'EMPLOYABILITE A L'EMPLOI : PROPOSITION D'UNE METHODE D'AIDE A LA DECISION D'AFFECTATION DES SALARIES DANS LES ENTREPRISES INDUSTRIELLES, FONDEE SUR UNE RECONFIGURATION DES FACTEURS MAJEURS DE DECISION." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550655.
Full textLouiset, Robin. "Learning pathological representations in neuroimaging : Predicting psychiatric diagnosis by integrating heterogeneity constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST044.
Full textThe biological mechanisms that underlie the symptoms of psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar, or autistic disorders, are still poorly understood in many regards.One of the main reasons is the neurobiological heterogeneity associated with these diseases. Furthermore, healthy subjects usually share common but irrelevant factors of variation with the patients, such as age, sex, acquisition site, and ethnicity. These two major obstacles hamper the identification of consistent and interpretable biological markers associated with these diseases and their clinical scales, such as paranoia, anxiety, or depression.One of the main reasons is the neurobiological heterogeneity associated with these diseases. This hampers the identification of clear and interpretable biological markers associated with these diseases. In this thesis, our goal is to develop machine learning techniques to automatically stratify psychiatric diseases into homogeneous subgroups or to automatically identify the pathological latent distinct and interpretable generative factors, based on objective biological markers acquired through neuroanatomical MRI imaging techniques.At first, this thesis focused on developing clustering methods to stratify a disorder into homogeneous subgroups. Our first contribution was a extit{linear} subgroup discovery algorithm, called UCSL (Unsupervised Clustering driven by Supervised Learning), which identifies subgroups that stem only from the pathological variability specific to the disorder while disregarding the common variability shared with the healthy population. As a second contribution, this was then extended with a non-linear deep features extractor, potentially more powerful in recognizing complex pathological signatures. This new deep learning method entitled Deep UCSL, can directly extract features from anatomical MRI images, showed state-of-the-art results in neuro-psychiatric subgroup identification, and demonstrated generalization capabilities to other medical imaging domains (eye and lung pathologies). Ultimately, to illustrate the usefulness of such Subgroup Discovery methods, the linear method UCSL was leveraged to identify subtypes in a cohort of individuals with schizophrenia and to analyze their clinical relevance.Another line of research investigated in this thesis consisted of estimating the latent distinct and interpretable generative factors that underpin the neurobiological heterogeneity proper to the psychiatric disorder. To address this objective, this thesis investigated a class of representation learning methods that enable separating pathological patterns from healthy patterns of variability: contrastive analysis methods. These methods do not require assuming the existence of homogeneous subgroups. This field of statistical learning aims at separating ''common'' and ''target'' variability factors given a ''source'' dataset and a ''target'' dataset. In our case, the goal is to identify, on the one hand, the projection that allows identifying healthy variability patterns and, on the other hand, the projection that allows identifying ''pathological signatures'' that exist only in the class of patients and not in the class of healthy people. A contrastive variational autoencoder method entitled SepVAE was developed and contributed to competing methods in two ways: by adding a classification task in the pathological space and by adding a cost function based on mutual information to minimize information redundancy between the common space and the pathological space. Eventually, to provide a rich methodological perspective, a novel contrastive analysis strategy was developed. This method extends the framework of contrastive analysis methods to another promising class of representation learning methods: mutual information maximization learning. These methodological contributions were then validated on vision, medical, and neuroimaging datasets
Margaine, Clément. "La capacité pénale." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40036/document.
Full textOriginally defined as the capacity to be punished, criminal capacity can be understood more widely as summarizing mental abilities that are required for criminal responsibility. Some are needed to commit the offense, others for criminal responsibility but both ensure the moral meaning of criminal law. Applied to the penalty, criminal capacity can be used to adapt the sentence to the personality and needs of those who must endure it
Boutouila, Nawal. "La condition juridique des personnes privées de liberté du fait d'une décision administrative." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D007.
Full textBy taking a prospective approach, the main of this work is to highlight the existence of an evolution of the legal status of persons deprived of their liberty for an administrative decision. Though the obligation to preserve public order has long been introduced as granting the administration many prerogatives, it must from now on to be equally described as a public-service mission that should be accomplished in accordance with a particular behavior model, without however, always mentioning the presence of actual constraints at the expense of the administration because of the numerous shortcomings currently affecting the protection system. Presumably, if this improvement has been made possible, it is in mainly due to “this new opposing-force concept” that has contributed to strengthening theirs protection especially by participating in the identification of the obligations that should be respected by all administrations which have to take care of a person deprived of liberty
Lambey, Linda. "Mental models of employment and the psychological contracts of Indonesian academics: an exploratory study." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1300077.
Full textThis study explored the mental models of employment and the psychological contracts of Indonesian academics. The objectives of this study were to explore the mental models of employment and the psychological contracts, explore the contents of the psychological contracts including the nature of it, with whom it is held and the impact organisational change and the Indonesian context.This study applies a qualitative exploratory approach as the most appropriate methodology that acknowledges context and the “actors” perception of the research phenomena of interest. It consists of in-depth semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews, drawings and their descriptions, as well as the analyses of documents and field notes. The data were collected from academic staff located at three selected public and three private universities in Manado city, the capital city of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia. The study concluded that academics’ mental models of employment and the psychological contracts were shaped by experience and longevity, cultural values, religion and education. The study also highlighted academics’ employment and psychological contracts were significantly impacted by government legislation i.e. Pancasila and the work duties outlined in Main Tasks and Functions or ‘Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi’ (TUPOKSI). There was a belief in long-term employment from which numerous expectations emerge about the nature of the relationship between superior and subordinate. In terms of the nature of psychological contracts, it was found that the elements of psychological contracts of Indonesian are interrelated and interdependent. Transactional outcomes are anticipated from seemingly relational contracts. This study provided new insights into mental models and psychological contracts field of research. Not only does this study strongly support the extant notion that mental models are socially established through experience, religion, socialisation, culture and educational, but it also reveals that formal regulation in Indonesia has a considerable impact on thought process about ‘how things works’. In terms of psychological contracts field, this study found that relational elements of the psychological contracts are leveraged to achieve transactional outcomes. In addition, this study identifies that there should be an individual to establish reciprocal relationship, with whom academics consider best positioned to fulfil the content of their psychological contracts and consider the supervisor as the university’s representative. The findings of the study are beneficial in terms of the lessons learned for managerial practices. They provide useful knowledge and understanding of the sufficient reciprocity in academics’ employment relationships to increase their productivity and commitment which may improve Indonesian universities’ performances as a stated goal of the Indonesian government.
Therriault, Pierre-Yves. "Effets des changements organisationnels et technologiques sur la santé mentale de machinistes." Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14172.
Full textŠtrunc, Václav. "Kauza klecových lůžek: Rozbor internetové diskuse z roku 2006 z perspektivy disability studies." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313109.
Full textvon, Sydow Momme. "Towards a Flexible Bayesian and Deontic Logic of Testing Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC29-9.
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