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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrarians'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chen, Yue, Xiaojian Niu, and Yan Zhang. "Exploring Contrarian Degree in the Trading Behavior of China's Stock Market." Complexity 2019 (April 10, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1678086.

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We study the contrarian and trend-following trading behavior of market timers in China's stock market. Using a network model to describe interpersonal relationships, we deploy the Ising model to capture trading strategies for both contrarians and followers. With empirical data of China's stock market, we find that contrarians account for 12-14% of trading volume. We further compare the performance of contrarians and followers and demonstrate the inefficiency of China's stock market where timing arbitrage exists. We highlight the fact that while the actual return sequence is driven by followers, the contrarians seize a lot of profitable arbitrage opportunities.

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2

Galam, Serge, and Taksu Cheon. "Asymmetric Contrarians in Opinion Dynamics." Entropy 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010025.

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Asymmetry in contrarian behavior is investigated within the Galam model of opinion dynamics using update groups of size 3 with two competing opinions A and B. Denoting x and y the respective proportions of A and B contrarians, four schemes of implementations are studied. The first scheme activates contrarians after each series of updates with probabilities x and y for agents holding respectively opinion A and B. Second scheme activates contrarians within the update groups only against global majority with probability x when A is the majority and y when B is the majority. The third scheme considers in-group contrarians acting prior to the local majority update against both local majority and minority opinions. The last scheme activates in-group contrarians prior to the local majority update but only against the local majority. The main result is the loss of the fifty–fifty attractor produced by symmetric contrarians. Producing a bit less contrarians on its own side than the other side becomes the key to win a public debate, which in turn can guarantee an election victory. The associated phase diagram of opinion dynamics is found to exhibit a rich variety of counterintuitive results.

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3

JACOBS, F., and S. GALAM. "TWO-OPINIONS-DYNAMICS GENERATED BY INFLEXIBLES AND NON-CONTRARIAN AND CONTRARIAN FLOATERS." Advances in Complex Systems 22, no. 04 (June 2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525919500085.

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We assume a community whose members adopt one of two opinions [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Each member appears as an inflexible, or as a non-contrarian or contrarian floater. An inflexible sticks to its opinion, whereas a floater may change into a floater of the alternative opinion. The occurrence of this change is governed by the local majority rule: members meet in groups of a fixed size, and a floater then changes its opinion provided it is a minority in the group. Subsequently, a non-contrarian floater keeps the opinion as adopted under the local majority rule, whereas a contrarian floater adopts the alternative opinion. Whereas the effects of on the one hand inflexibles and on the other hand non-contrarians and contrarians have previously been studied separately, the current approach allows us to gain insight in the effect of their combined presence in a community. Given fixed proportions of inflexibles [Formula: see text] for the two opinions, and fixed fractions of contrarians [Formula: see text] among the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] floaters, we derive the update equation [Formula: see text] for the overall support for opinion [Formula: see text] at time [Formula: see text], given [Formula: see text]. The update equation is derived respectively for local group sizes 1, 2 and 3. The associated dynamics generated by repeated local updates is then determined to identify its asymptotic steady configuration. The full opinion flow diagram is thus obtained, showing conditions in terms of the parameters for each opinion to eventually win the competing dynamics. Various dynamical scenarios are thus exhibited, and it is derived that relatively small densities of inflexibles allow for more variation in the qualitative outcome of the dynamics than higher densities of inflexibles.

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4

KIRBY, NATASHA, and ANDREW FOSTER. "EFFECTS OF CONTRARIAN INVESTOR TYPE IN ASSET PRICE DYNAMICS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 08 (August 2009): 2463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409024244.

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We develop an asset pricing model based on the interaction of heterogeneous trading groups. In addition to the two main trader groups, fundamentalists and trend-chasing chartists, we include a third significant group known as contrarian chartists. We model the case of opportunistic contrarian behavior, where the contrarian group disagrees with the trend-chasing chartists only when the return differential is high. We also consider absolute contrarian behavior, in which the contrarians consistently disagree with trend-chasers. The models are nonlinear planar maps, exhibiting period doubling, Neimark–Sacker and global bifurcations leading to local chaotic behavior. Absolute contrarian behavior is found to have a moderating effect on price change, while opportunistic contrarian behavior is found to further complicate the price cycles present in other models.

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5

Gharaibeh, Omar. "Evidence of Morocco Industry Long-Term Return Contrarian." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p216.

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<p>In a landmark paper, Bornholt, Gharaibeh, and Malin (2015) show strong evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of U.S. industries over formation periods (up to 132 months), this paper investigates whether there is evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of 17 Morocco industries using monthly data covering the period from January 1995 to April 2014. This study finds strong evidence of long-term return contrarian in industry returns from strategy with long formation period lengths of 108, 120 and 132 months and this finding confirms the Bornholt et al. (2015) finding. The finding of this paper suggests that industry-level return contrarian is not simply a reflection of the stock-level contrarian. These contrarians are difficult to reconcile with overreaction.</p><p> </p>

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6

Sinlapates, Parichat, and Surachai Chancharat. "Contrarian Profits in Thailand Sustainability Investment-Listed versus in Stock Exchange of Thailand-Listed Companies." Risks 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10120229.

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In contrarian trading, investors buy and sell loser stocks (lowest average historical prices) and winner stocks (highest average historical prices), respectively. This study examines whether (a) Thailand Sustainability Investment-listed companies outperform Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)-listed companies (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019) in contrarian profits, (b) the five-factor model outperforms their 1993 three-factor model in explaining contrarian profits, and (c) risk drives the earnings of contrarians. Companies were divided into portfolios of winners and losers based on the average of the daily historical prices held in various eras. The SET-listed companies perform better in generating profits. The root mean squared error and mean absolute error—measurements of model accuracy—report that the error from the three-factor model is smaller than the one from the five-factor model. Thus, the three-factor model is applied to estimate the risk-adjusted return. Zero contrarian profits after risk adjustment confirms that they are risk-driven.

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7

Zhang, Xiyun, Shuguang Guan, Yong Zou, Xiaosong Chen, and Zonghua Liu. "Suppressing explosive synchronization by contrarians." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 113, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 28005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/113/28005.

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8

MARTINS, ANDRÉ C. R., and CLEBER D. KUBA. "THE IMPORTANCE OF DISAGREEING: CONTRARIANS AND EXTREMISM IN THE CODA MODEL." Advances in Complex Systems 13, no. 05 (October 2010): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525910002773.

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In this paper, we study the effects of introducing contrarians in a model of Opinion Dynamics where the agents have internal continuous opinions, but exchange information only about a binary choice that is a function of their continuous opinion, the CODA model. We observe that the hung election scenario that arises when contrarians are introduced in discrete opinion models still happens. However, it is weaker and it should not be expected in every election. Finally, we also show that the introduction of contrarians make the tendency towards extremism of the original model weaker, indicating that the existence of agents that prefer to disagree might be an important aspect and help society to diminish extremist opinions.

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9

CAIAFA, C. F., and A. N. PROTO. "DYNAMICAL EMERGENCE OF CONTRARIANS IN A 2D LOTKA-VOLTERRA LIKE LATTICE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 03 (March 2006): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106008510.

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We analyze a Lotka-Volterra-like social lattice of agents interacting among themselves in collaborative or competitive scenarios. Dynamic characteristics of the model are derived, equilibrium points of the system are found. For the nearest neighbor interaction structure case, which depends on a γ1 parameter, also bifurcations are explored allowing us to understand how different levels of collaboration or competition leads the system to different configurations. We found that, within the range -α/4 < γ1 < α/4 the system tend to an uniform configuration, and when competition becomes aggressive, γ1 > α/4, agents tend to polarized opinions and contrarians agents appear naturally. Higher neighbor structures have been also simulated, for which contrarian patterns also emerge dynamically. In all cases the initial conditions of the lattice are randomly taken. Hung and conflictive scenarios are discussed.

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10

Kedar-Levy, Haim. "A Rational Foundation for Trend-Chasing and Contrarian Trades with Implications for Momentum Anomalies." Quarterly Journal of Finance 03, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139213500031.

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Trend-chasing and Contrarian are well-documented empirical trading patterns that the literature generally attributes to behavioral biases. In contrast, we argue that both are rational portfolio rebalancing strategies in a dynamic asset allocation framework. Analyzing the interactions between strategies implemented in stocks and bonds, we find that a key parameter is the investor's level of relative-risk-aversion versus the market price of risk. Our mapping of preferences to trades fits remarkably well recent empirical findings of time-series momentum and reversal. Specifically, speculators trade like Trend-chasers throughout the momentum phase closing positions once the trend reverses, while hedgers trade like Contrarians. These trades seem to explain time-series momentum.

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11

KUSMARTSEV, FEO V., and KARL E. KÜRTEN. "CHAOTIC MODES IN SCALE FREE OPINION NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 20n21 (August 20, 2009): 4001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209063225.

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In this paper, we investigate processes associated with formation of public opinion in varies directed random, scale free and small-world social networks. The important factor of the opinion formation is the existence of contrarians which were discovered by Granovetter in various social psychology experiments1,2,3 long ago and later introduced in sociophysics by Galam.4 When the density of contrarians increases the system behavior drastically changes at some critical value. At high density of contrarians the system can never arrive to a consensus state and periodically oscillates with different periods depending on specific structure of the network. At small density of the contrarians the behavior is manifold. It depends primary on the initial state of the system. If initially the majority of the population agrees with each other a state of stable majority may be easily reached. However when originally the population is divided in nearly equal parts consensus can never be reached. We model the emergence of collective decision making by considering N interacting agents, whose opinions are described by two state Ising spin variable associated with YES and NO. We show that the dynamical behaviors are very sensitive not only to the density of the contrarians but also to the network topology. We find that a phase of social chaos may arise in various dynamical processes of opinion formation in many realistic models. We compare the prediction of the theory with data describing the dynamics of the average opinion of the USA population collected on a day-by-day basis by varies media sources during the last six month before the final Obama-McCain election. The qualitative ouctome is in reasonable agreement with the prediction of our theory. In fact, the analyses of these data made within the paradigm of our theory indicates that even in this campaign there were chaotic elements where the public opinion migrated in an unpredictable chaotic way. The existence of such a phase of social chaos reflects a main feature of the human being associated with some doubts and uncertainty and especially associated with contrarians which undoubtly exist in any society.

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12

Lof, Matthijs. "Rational Speculators, Contrarians, and Excess Volatility." Management Science 61, no. 8 (August 2015): 1889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1937.

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13

Boykoff, Maxwell. "Consensus and contrarianism on climate change: How the USA case informs dynamics elsewhere." Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació, no. 6 (April 15, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/metode.6.4182.

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Against a contrasting backdrop of consensus on key issues on climate science, a heterogeneous group dubbed climate «skeptics», «contrarians», «deniers» have significantly shaped contemporary discussions of climate science, politics and policy in the public sphere. This essay focuses on the USA context, and explores some of the intertwined social, political and economic factors, as well as cultural and psychological characteristics that have together influenced public attitudes, intentions, beliefs, perspective and behaviors in regards to climate change science and governance over time. This article makes the case that the USA example can inform developments elsewhere; as such it is important to consider these contextual elements to more capably appraise «contrarian», «skeptic», «denier» reverberations through the current public discussions on climate change.

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14

MCGRATH, STEPHEN P. "Connecticut’s Contrarians: The Loyalists of Fairfield County." Connecticut History Review 54, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44370299.

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15

Renshaw, P. F., D. A. Yurgelun-Todd, C. M. Anderson, M. E. Henry, M. H. Teicher, M. J. Kaufman, J. M. Levin, G. J. Harris, and B. M. Cohen. "213. fMRA for contrarians: DSC MRI and relaxometry." Biological Psychiatry 43, no. 8 (April 1998): S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90661-8.

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16

Khalil, Nagi, and Raúl Toral. "The noisy voter model under the influence of contrarians." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 515 (February 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.09.178.

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17

Ammetto, Fabrizio. "Contraria contrariis curantur: el arte del canon y las habilidades mentales." DOCERE, no. 13 (December 11, 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/2015docere131752.

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La frase en latín del título de este artículo Contraria contrariis curantur (“los contrarios se curan con los contrarios”) no hace referencia a la doctrina de “lo similar cura lo similar” del sistema de la homeopatía (medicina alternativa) creado por Samuel Hahnemann en 1796, sino que es el título de la décima composición musical incluida en la colección impresa Artificii musicali ne quali si contengono canoni in diverse maniere, contrapunti dopii, inventioni curiose, capritii e sonate, opus XIIIi (Modena, 1689) del violinista y compositor italiano Giovanni Battista Vitali (1632-1692).

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18

Gambaro, Joao Paulo, and Nuno Crokidakis. "The influence of contrarians in the dynamics of opinion formation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 486 (November 2017): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.05.040.

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19

Puttonen, Vesa, and Michael Ståhle. "Domestic contrarians win in the long run: A case study." Journal of Asset Management 15, no. 5 (October 2014): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jam.2014.27.

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20

Schmitt, Noemi, and Frank Westerhoff. "Trend followers, contrarians and fundamentalists: Explaining the dynamics of financial markets." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 192 (December 2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.006.

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21

KÜRTEN, KARL E. "DYNAMICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS IN OPINION NETWORKS: COEXISTENCE OF OPPORTUNISTS AND CONTRARIANS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 25n26 (October 20, 2008): 4674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208050425.

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We study a model for the emergence of collective decision making, consisting of N interacting agents, whose opinions are described by Ising spin variables. In particular, we present dynamical phase transitions from ordered to chaotic behavior in the space-time evolution of the binary choice network. One focus of this study is the determination of critical parameters, where the network is placed “at the edge of chaos,” i.e., at a subtle compromise between stability and flexibility, where the system has both, the necessary stability and the potential for “evolutionary” improvements.

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22

Gregory, Alan, Rajesh Tharyan, and Ian Tonks. "More than Just Contrarians: Insider Trading in Glamour and Value Firms." European Financial Management 19, no. 4 (June 6, 2011): 747–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036x.2011.00608.x.

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23

Boykoff, Maxwell T., and Shawn K. Olson. "‘Wise contrarians’: a keystone species in contemporary climate science, politics and policy." Celebrity Studies 4, no. 3 (November 2013): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2013.831618.

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24

Yuan, Di, and Jun-Zhong Yang. "Conformists and Contrarians in a Kuramoto Model with Uniformly Distributed Natural Frequencies." Communications in Theoretical Physics 59, no. 6 (June 2013): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/59/6/05.

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25

Jonsson, Sara, Inga-Lill Söderberg, and Mats Wilhelmsson. "Households and mutual fund investments: Individual characteristics of investors behaving like contrarians." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 15 (September 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2017.07.002.

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26

Da Dalt, Carlo, David Feldman, Gerald Garvey, and Peter Joakim Westerholm. "Contrarians or momentum chasers? Individual investors’ behavior when trading exchange‐traded funds." Journal of Futures Markets 39, no. 5 (November 28, 2018): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.21979.

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27

Shudak, Nicholas J., and Robert J. Helfenbein. "Contradicting the Contrarians: The Rhetoric of the Neoconservative Right in Social Studies Education." Social Studies 96, no. 4 (July 2005): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/tsss.96.4.149-155.

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28

Lin, Chao-Hsien, Hsinan Hsu, and Chwan-Yi Chiang. "Trading Patterns and Performance of Trader Types in Taiwan Futures Market." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 08, no. 02 (June 2005): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091505000403.

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By analyzing the behavior and performance of trader types in the Taiwan futures market, we find that the foreign investors, futures dealers and security dealers are positive feedback traders, whereas individuals are contrarians. Evidence shows that the foreign investors and security dealers earn significant profits. We conclude that they are information-based traders. Instead, the individuals and futures traders perform poorly. However, weak evidence reveals that futures dealers are behavioral-based traders. As it is also reported, the cumulative performance demonstrates that foreign investors are the clear winners and individuals are the clear losers in the Taiwan futures market.

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29

Moreno-Soldevila, Mayte. "Androcentrism and conservatism within climate obstructionism. The case of the think tank CLINTEL in The Netherlands." Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, no. 55 (2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ambitos.2022.i55.03.

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Within the climate countermovement, neoliberal think tanks have played a predominant role in both the United States and Europe. There are links between climate obstructionism and ideologies such as conservatism and the extreme right; androcentrism, patriarchal worldviews and industrial masculinities, and whiteness and xenosceptic ideologies. This research takes as a case study the Dutch think tank CLINTEL, which, despite having been founded in 2019, has managed to get a declaration against the climate emergency to members of the European Parliament, which has been signed by climate action contrarians from all over the world. This paper analyses the contrarian framings present in this declaration based on the typology established by Almiron et al. (2020). In addition, this research makes a gendered discursive analysis of the discussion about this statement in a forum of the European Parliament, where CLINTEL met with members of the far-right Dutch party Forum van Democratie (FvD), part of the European Conservatives and Reformists group. The study on CLINTEL's statement shows that the think tank uses similar frames as other European denialist think tanks. Its climate declaration has a significant gender bias, with an overwhelming over-representation of men among the signatories. This, together with the discursive analysis of its discussion with members of the European Parliament, is a contribution to the emerging line of research on industrial masculinities and climate change obstructionism. This paper provides information on the think tank CLINTEL, helping to fill a knowledge gap on the climate change countermovement in the Netherlands.

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30

Barnett, Henry J. M., David M. Pelz, and Stephen P. Lownie. "Reflections by Contrarians on the Post-CREST Evaluation of Carotid Stenting for Stroke Prevention." International Journal of Stroke 5, no. 6 (November 3, 2010): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00532.x.

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31

Bozanic, Zahn, Jing Chen, and Michael J. Jung. "Analyst Contrarianism." Journal of Financial Reporting 4, no. 2 (September 2019): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfir-52534.

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We examine a specific form of what we term analyst contrarianism. We define contrarianism as cases where an analyst expresses a summary opinion contrary to the direction of a given earnings surprise or revision. Distinct from analyst optimism or boldness, we document that analysts interpret negative (positive) earnings news in a positive (negative) light in approximately 11–15 percent of reports. We conjecture that some analysts look for opportunities to make a contrarian stock call for their clients in order to gain visibility, recognition, and career advancement. Our empirical evidence, which is supported by analyst interviews and content analysis of analyst reports, shows that: (1) analysts at non-top-tier brokerage houses are more likely to make a contrarian call, (2) analyst reports that contain contrarian opinions are associated with greater market reactions, and (3) contrarian analysts are more likely to exhibit career advancement. JEL Classifications: G41; M41.

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32

Lingen, Mark W. "Pragmatics versus contrarians: how does one resolve their differences with respect to oral cancer screening?" Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 109, no. 3 (March 2010): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.022.

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Ceglarz, Andrzej, Rasmus E. Benestad, and Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz. "Inconvenience versus Rationality: Reflections on Different Faces of Climate Contrarianism in Poland and Norway." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0120.1.

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Abstract There has been increasing scientific evidence related to climate change and its attribution, impacts, and possibilities of mitigation. Yet, climate contrarianism still persists. This paper concentrates on Poland and Norway—two fossil fuel giants that represent essential differences on climate contrarianism. In Norway there is a broad social and political consensus about the attribution and importance of climate change and a motivation to undertake climate change mitigation measures, whereas in Poland the inconvenient truth on anthropogenic climate change remains particularly inconvenient. By taking a qualitative approach, this paper discusses different drivers of climate contrarianism in both countries; provides examples of contrarian attitudes present in society, media, politics, and research; and compares their role in Polish and Norwegian contexts. The findings show the difficulties in defining universal factors determining contrarian attitudes, because their understanding and weight can be different among countries and a more nuanced analysis is needed to scrutinize different national contexts. The conclusion calls for more comparative research, which would combine quantitative and qualitative approaches investigating climate contrarianism.

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SCHNEIDER, JOHANNES J. "THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRARIANS AND OPPORTUNISTS ON THE STABILITY OF A DEMOCRACY IN THE SZNAJD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 05 (June 2004): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310400611x.

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Sznajd-Weron and Sznajd introduced a model investigating the democratic development in a closed community. This model is based on the USDF-principle ("united we stand, divided we fall"). However, it faces the problem that the system tends either to a dictatorship (i.e., 100% pro or 100% contra) or to a stalemate state (i.e., exactly 50% pro, 50% contra). Based on their model, I will show that a democratic system keeps alive due to the existence of both opportunists and persons in opposition.

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35

Meneguzzer, Claudio. "Contrarians do better: Testing participants’ response to information in a simulated day-to-day route choice experiment." Travel Behaviour and Society 15 (April 2019): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.02.003.

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36

Manoranjani, M., D. V. Senthilkumar, and V. K. Chandrasekar. "Abrupt desynchronization and abrupt transition to π-state in globally coupled oscillator simplexes with contrarians and conformists." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 167 (February 2023): 113018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.113018.

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37

Time, Victoria M., and Daniel K. Pryce. "A Sociological Perspective on Pidgin's Viability and Usefulness for Development in West Africa." Contemporary Journal of African Studies 8, no. 1 & 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/contjas.v8i2.1.

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This essay examines the viability and usefulness of pidgin for development in West Africa. Pidgin in West Africa has endured as a unifying medium of communication among people who do not share a common language. It has been lauded as a neutral language that facilitates trade, commerce, and everyday dealings among people of all walks of life. Some have proposed supplanting English, which is the official language in most of the West African countries where the use of pidgin is prevalent, with either pidgin or some other indigenous language. Contrarians, however, consider pidgin to be a limiting factor, in that, it is a barrier to speaking, reading, and writing standard English, and thus impedes upward mobility. They argue that projecting pidgin or some other indigenous language may create some political backlash, and strife among the people. Using qualitative analysis, we examine this debate from a sociological perspective.

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38

Chrétien, Stéphane, and Manel Kammoun. "Mutual Fund Styles and Clientele-Specific Performance Evaluation." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n12p89.

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This paper develops clientele-specific performance measures based on the style preferences of mutual fund investors. Proposing an approach that considers investor disagreement and exploits style classification data, we investigate eight measures to represent investors with favorable preferences for size and value equity styles using a large sample of actively-managed U.S. equity mutual funds from 1998 to 2012. We find that the implied style preferences differ in their rational and behavioral features: value and small-cap fund investors (growth and large-cap fund investors) are more (less) averse to difficult economic conditions, and tend to be pessimists and contrarians (optimists and trend followers). The performance of funds assigned to clientele-specific styles becomes neutral or positive when evaluated with measures that consider their most likely style clienteles. The sign of the value added by the industry is ambiguous and depends on the choice of measures. Hence, performance is more favorable when funds are evaluated with their appropriate style-clientele-specific measure, and can otherwise depend on the measure.

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Sumaryada, Tony, Anisah Rahajeng Kartika Sari, and Agus Kartono. "Simulating the Dynamics of Stock Price via PSO-Assisted Quantum Anharmonic Oscillator Model: Case of Jakarta Composite Index." KONSTAN - JURNAL FISIKA DAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA 7, no. 02 (January 5, 2023): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/konstan.v7i02.203.

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The Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) stock price dynamics have been modeled by a quantum anharmonic oscillator and the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) Algorithm. Some of the constants that affect the probability density of return are the ability of the market makers to control the market (γ), the behaviour of contrarians and the trend followers to the price return (c), and the investor behaviour towards perceived volatility (k). The simulation results have produced the slightest error of the JCI at 8.36% for the opportunity density and 3.6% for the stock price returns. Forward prediction for the next three months using the exponential smoothing method resulted in a 17.77% error in the opportunity density of the stock price return and a 10.6% error in the stock price return. Based on those results, it can be concluded that the stock price dynamics can be modelled using an anharmonic quantum oscillator where the value of liquidity and volatility in the previous period affects the investor and the stock's price return in the next period.

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Lewandowsky, Stephan, James S. Risbey, and Naomi Oreskes. "The “Pause” in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation into a Problem for Science." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00106.1.

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Abstract There has been much recent published research about a putative “pause” or “hiatus” in global warming. We show that there are frequent fluctuations in the rate of warming around a longer-term warming trend, and that there is no evidence that identifies the recent period as unique or particularly unusual. In confirmation, we show that the notion of a pause in warming is considered to be misleading in a blind expert test. Nonetheless, the most recent fluctuation about the longer-term trend has been regarded by many as an explanatory challenge that climate science must resolve. This departs from long-standing practice, insofar as scientists have long recognized that the climate fluctuates, that linear increases in CO2 do not produce linear trends in global warming, and that 15-yr (or shorter) periods are not diagnostic of long-term trends. We suggest that the repetition of the “warming has paused” message by contrarians was adopted by the scientific community in its problem-solving and answer-seeking role and has led to undue focus on, and mislabeling of, a recent fluctuation. We present an alternative framing that could have avoided inadvertently reinforcing a misleading claim.

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Taylor, Daniel J. "A Note on Varro and Etymologiae a Contrariis." Historiographia Linguistica 43, no. 1-2 (June 24, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.43.1-2.01tay.

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Summary Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 B.C.) has often been accused of propagating etymologies from contraries, e.g., war (bellum) is so called because it is not pretty (bellum). The facts prove otherwise, however, for he adduces only two such etymologies in his De Lingua Latina; one he rejects entirely, and the other he merely transmits. The mistaken attribution of etymologiae a contrariis to Varro derives from a misreading of Marcus Fabius Quintilian’s (c.5–100 A.D.) memorable diatribe against etymological excess wherein Varro can be guilty of formulating etymologiae a contrariis only by a false and unwarranted associatio.

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Lodispoto, Alberto. "Das Gesetz des Contraria contrariis nach dem Buch von Francesco Ladelci." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 10, no. 03 (April 2, 2007): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937239.

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Lodispoto, Alberto. "Das Gesetz des Contraria contrariis nach dem Bach von Francesco Ladelci." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 10, no. 05 (April 2, 2007): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937256.

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Carvalho, Alexsandro M., Sebastián Gonçalves, Janaína Ruffoni, and José Roberto Iglesias. "Macroscopic and microscopic perspectives for adoption of technologies in the USA." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0242676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242676.

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Adoption of a new technology depends on many factors. Marketing, advertising, social interactions, and personal convictions are relevant features when deciding to adopt, or not, a new technology. Thus, it is very important to determine the relative weight of these factors when introducing a new technology. Here we discuss an agent based model to investigate the behavior of agents exposed to advertising and social contacts. Agents may follow the social pressure, or maybe contrarians, acting against the majority, to decide if they adopt or not a new technology. First, we solve analytically the model that relies on the above quoted factors. Then, we compare the theoretical results with empirical data concerning the adoption of innovations by American households during the 20th century. The analysis of the diffusion dynamics process is done either for the whole period, or by periods based on the so-called technical-economic paradigms, according to Freeman and Perez. Three different periods are considered: before 1920, from 1920 to 1970, and after 1970. We study the evolution of the model parameters for each technical-economic period. Finally, by adjusting the key parameters we are able to collapse all the data into a universal curve that describes all the adoption processes.

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Teixeira, Marcus Zulian. "Homeopathic use of modern drugs: therapeutic application of the organism paradoxical reaction or rebound effect." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 10, no. 37 (December 21, 2021): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v10i37.456.

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When Samuel Hahnemann systematized homeopathy and the effects of drugs on the state of human health, he described the primary action of drugs and the following secondary and opposite reaction of the organism. Seeking to apply this secondary action or vital reaction of the organism as therapeutic method, he postulated the principle of similitude, i.e. the prescription to ill individuals of drugs that cause similar symptoms in the healthy (similia similibus curentur). In modern pharmacology, secondary action (vital reaction) of drugs is known as rebound effect or paradoxical reaction of the organism. It has been observed after discontinuation of several classes of palliative (enantiopathic) drugs, namely those that act according to the principle of contraries (contraria contrariis curentur). Although in this case it is associated with severe and fatal iatrogenic events, rebound effect might awaken a healing reaction when the very same drug is employed according to the principle of similitude. The validity of the principle of similitude is proved by scientific evidence on rebound effect, whereas conventional drugs primary (therapeutic, adverse and side) effects might be equated to pathogenetic manifestations and thus be homeopathically applied. For this purpose a homeopathic materia medica and repertory comprising 1,251 modern drugs was elaborated using the monographs described in The United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information as source (www.newhomeopathicmedicines.com). Thus, the therapeutic range of homeopathy is broadened through the addition of hundreds of new medicines that might be employed in every kind of disease including countless modern clinical syndromes.

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Madeira, Dhenis Cruz. "O que é solipsismo judicial." Revista Jurídica da Presidência 22, no. 126 (May 28, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.20499/2236-3645.rjp2020v22e126-1916.

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O texto define o que vem a ser o solipsismo judicial, realçando que o mesmo contraria o modelo constitucional de processo, o princípio da legalidade, além empurrar o discurso processual para a vida nua, criando uma forma de anarquismo metodológico na cognição jurisdicional. O texto demonstra, inclusive, que o solipsismo judicial é um modelo de julgamento incompatível com o Código de Processo Civil brasileiro em vigor, contrariando, ainda, a legislação processual dos demais Estados democráticos.

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SHIEH, SHWU-JANE. "LONG MEMORY AND SAMPLING FREQUENCIES: EVIDENCE IN STOCK INDEX FUTURES MARKETS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 09, no. 05 (August 2006): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024906003780.

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The long-term dependent behavior in the close prices of the S&P 500, Nikkei 225, and Dow Jones index futures contracts are investigated by using the ARFIMA (p, d, q) model to estimate the order of the fractional integration parameters for a large range of sampling frequencies: from one-minute to monthly frequencies. The empirical evidence shows that the close prices exhibit anti-persistence properties for most of the sampling frequencies. This suggests that the contrarian's trading strategies in relation to stock index futures markets have a positive value. Moreover, the empirical evidence indicates that the higher frequency of the data, the stronger degree of contrarian behaviors, particularly for S&P 500 and Dow Jones stock index futures contracts.

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LI, Hongquan, Gang Cheng, and Shouyang Wang. "Transaction tax, heterogeneous traders and market volatility." Kybernetes 44, no. 5 (May 5, 2015): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2014-0223.

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Purpose – The securities transaction tax (STT) has been theoretically considered as an important regulation device for decades. However, its role and effectiveness in financial markets is still not well understood both theoretically and empirically. By use of agent-based modeling method, the purpose of this paper is to present a new artificial stock market model with self-adaptive agents, which allows the assessment of the impacts from various levels of STTs in distinctive market environments and thus a comprehensive understanding of the effects of STTs is achieved. Design/methodology/approach – In the model, agents are allowed to employ the strategies used by the following five types of investors: contrarians, random traders, momentum traders, fundamentalists and exit strategy holders. Specifically, the authors start with the investigation of the dynamics of a tax free benchmark market; then the patterns of market behaviors and the behaviors of various types of investors are discussed with different levels of STTs in markets with mild and high fluctuations. Findings – The simulation results consistently show that a moderate transaction tax does contribute to market stabilization in terms of reducing market volatility while with a price of mild decrease of market efficiency and liquidity. The findings suggest that a balance between market stability and efficiency could be reached if regulatory authorities introduce STTs to markets discreetly. Originality/value – This paper enriches the comprehensive understanding of the effects of STT, and gives good explanation about the controversy between Tobin’s proponents and anti-Tobin group.

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Mazur, Stanisław, Michał Możdżeń, and Marek Oramus. "The Instrumental and Ideological Politicisation of Senior Positions in Poland’s Civil Service and its Selected Consequences." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0003.

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AbstractThe article focuses on the problem of the civil service’s dependence on its political superiors in Poland in 1996–2017. It aims to analyse the motivations of politicians responsible for civil service reforms and to assess the impact of these reforms on the effectiveness of the corps’ functioning. The authors conceptualise the problem of politicisation of the civil service by referring to the theory of politicisation adding an extra dimension of political ideas and institutions as an important factor of change in Poland’s public administration system. The article describes the stages of civil service reform in Poland over the last twenty years, taking into account the political context, the most important postulated changes and the associated controversies with reference to the concepts outlined in the theoretical part. The study also comprises a relevant literature review based on a number of sources, including the reports published by the Head of the Civil Service in Poland, international databases (including Quality of Government) and specialist reports with a particular emphasis on research devoted to Central Europe. The findings paint a multi-layered and nuanced picture of the evolution of the Polish civil service and its strong associations with the issue of the so-called “unfinished transformation”. In addition the article confirms that both the instrumentalisation of institutions by the “camp” of political opportunists and their formal, radical reconstruction by the “ideological contrarians” resulting in the centralisation of power around the ruling parties have had a negative effect on the quality of civil service functioning in Poland.

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Costello, Anthony, Mark Maslin, Hugh Montgomery, Anne M. Johnson, and Paul Ekins. "Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1942 (May 13, 2011): 1866–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0007.

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The health effects of climate change have had relatively little attention from climate scientists and governments. Climate change will be a major threat to population health in the current century through its potential effects on communicable disease, heat stress, food and water security, extreme weather events, vulnerable shelter and population migration. This paper addresses three health-sector strategies to manage the health effects of climate change—promotion of mitigation, tackling the pathways that lead to ill-health and strengthening health systems. Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is affordable, and low-carbon technologies are available now or will be in the near future. Pathways to ill-health can be managed through better information, poverty reduction, technological innovation, social and cultural change and greater coordination of national and international institutions. Strengthening health systems requires increased investment in order to provide effective public health responses to climate-induced threats to health, equitable treatment of illness, promotion of low-carbon lifestyles and renewable energy solutions within health facilities. Mitigation and adaptation strategies will produce substantial benefits for health, such as reductions in obesity and heart disease, diabetes, stress and depression, pneumonia and asthma, as well as potential cost savings within the health sector. The case for mitigating climate change by reducing GHGs is overwhelming. The need to build population resilience to the global health threat from already unavoidable climate change is real and urgent. Action must not be delayed by contrarians, nor by catastrophic fatalists who say it is all too late.

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