Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contracts – European Union countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Contracts – European Union countries'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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Williams, Colin C., and Aysegul Kayaoglu. "Evaluating the prevalence of employees without written terms of employment in the European Union." Employee Relations 39, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2016-0189.

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Purpose Until now, there has been scant evidence on the proportion and characteristics of employees working without a written contract or terms of employment. To begin to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of employees without written contracts or terms of employment in the European Union (EU), examining whether they are unevenly distributed across countries and EU regions, and whether it is vulnerable population groups who are more likely to be without such written contracts. Design/methodology/approach A 2013 Eurobarometer survey comprising 11,025 face-to-face interviews with employees in the 28 member states of the EU (EU-28) is reported. Findings The finding is that it is less socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and more firm size, institutional environment and spatial factors that are important in explaining the prevalence of employment without a written contract. Thus, governments should address not individuals but rather the formal institutional failings and asymmetry between civic and state morality, in order to reduce the level of employment without a written contract, and focus their attention on smaller firms, larger towns and Southern European countries, especially Cyprus, Malta and Portugal. Research limitations/implications Future research needs to evaluate whether and how the conditions of employment (e.g. wage rates, health and safety conditions, holiday entitlements) of employees without written contracts or terms of employment differ to their equivalents who have written contracts or terms of employment. This will reveal the implications of workers not being issued with written contracts or terms of employment. Originality/value This is one of the first extensive evaluations of the prevalence and distribution of employees without written contracts or terms of employment.
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Savchuk, Sergiy. "Special aspects of legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts of some European countries." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.54.

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The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts. Fixed-termemployment contracts should be considered as one of the earliest and, accordingly, the oldest forms of non-standard employment. Tur -ning to the concept of the application of fixed-term employment contracts in Ukraine in the near future, it seems appropriate to consider the possibility of their further development through the prism of studying European experience. Indeed, in many European countriesthe fixed-term contracts are quite common and therefore analysis of both positive and negative examples of their legal regulation willbe useful for the future development of labour legislation in Ukraine.The article features an analysis of the relevant legislation of the United Kingdom, Estonia, Italy, Poland and France. It is concludedthat the membership of these states in the European Union has had a significant impact on the evolution of national labour le -gislation. This also applies to the United Kingdom, which had been part of this economic and political union for a long time.The transposition of EU legislation into national law by these countries predetermines the existence of common features betweenthem in the legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts. This common features include: clear time limits of the employmentcontract, maximum allowable number of renewals enshrined in law, compliance with the principle of non-discrimination, etc.In turn, the implementation of fixed-term employment relationships in each country differs in its uniqueness, which is due to thedomestic tradition of their implementation. For example, in the United Kingdom, the dismissal of an employee due to the expiration ofthe employment contract is considered through the lens of fairness of the employer’s actions, while in Italy the number of fixed-termemployment contracts with a particular employer cannot exceed 30 %.The above circumstances should be taken into account by Ukraine when reforming labour legislation. Indeed, the need to implementCouncil Directive 1999/70/EC is clearly provided for in clauses 1139 and 1140 of the Action Plan for the implementation of theAssociation Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and theirmember states, on the other hand, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1106, of 25.10.2017.
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Nemec, Peter, and Peter Džupka. "DETERMINANTS OF SME ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 2 (October 24, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v2.257.

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This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement in the Visegrad Group Countries. According to the European Union, tools such as the division of contracts into smaller lots or the evaluation of tenders based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) increase the chances of SME’s winning contracts in public procurement. In particular, the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than the lowest price is a tool favoring SMEs, as it boosts their innovative potential, which creates the preconditions for achieving the best value for taxpayers' money. By analyzing more than 150,000 contract award notices published in the Tenders Electronic Daily in 2019, we found a positive effect on SMEs' chances of winning a contract when using framework agreements or dividing contracts into smaller lots. Moreover, the results of multinomial logit regression suggest that the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than lowest prices increases the chances of SMEs to win the contract by more than 50%. However, the findings that the share of SMEs in the total financial value of contracts is less than 20%, with SMEs winning more than 60% of all contracts, suggest that some obstacles of SMEs' access to public contracts, such as financial, administrative or technical complexity of projects may persist and require further research.
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Lampreia dos Santos, M. J. P. L. "Segmenting farms in European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 2 (March 12, 2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2012-agricecon.

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The main objective of this work is to characterize and segment the farms of the twenty-seven Member States of the European Union (EU). For this purpose, the techniques of cluster analysis and cluster of cases segment the farms, based on a sample of farms of the Farm Accountancy and Information Network. The results show the existence of four types of farms in the EU that are distinguishable by their (i) structural characteristics, in particular, for their Utilized Agricultural Area, the total output, by the percentage of contract work and the total work, (ii) by their financial characteristics, i.e., by their total assets and the cash flow of the EU farms, and (iii) by their guidance and the importance of subsidies on these farms. These results thus suggest the definition of the Common Agricultural Policy differentiated and adapted to the existing four clusters of countries. We suggest the development of typologies of farms in the EU, with a more robust database involving different EU regions that constitute the different countries in order to obtain the robust types of farms from different European regions.  
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Baccaro, Lucio, Rüya Gökhan Koçer, Jorge Galindo, and Valeria Pulignano. "Determinants of Indefinite Contracts in Europe: The Role of Unemployment." Comparative Sociology 15, no. 6 (November 23, 2016): 794–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341412.

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Using individual-level data from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey (ewcs), and country-level data on unemployment, employment protection legislation and union density for 21 European countries, this paper provides a comprehensive multi-level analysis of the determinants of indefinite employment contracts. The authors find that workers’ autonomy on the job, the intensity of computer use, and the presence of general and specific skills are associated with greater contract security. Perhaps more importantly, the authors find a strong negative effect of unemployment, particularly on workers cumulating multiple sources of labor market vulnerability, such as young age, low skill, low autonomy, and immigrant status, especially but not exclusively in the Mediterranean countries most affected by the crisis.
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Matsue, Toyoki. "Labour Market Institutions and Amplification of Employment Fluctuations." Central European Economic Journal 6, no. 53 (April 29, 2020): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2019-0010.

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AbstractLabour market reforms have been undertaken to eliminate labour market rigidities in European countries since 1970s. The important features of the reforms are the reduction in adjustment costs and the introduction of fixed-term contracts (FTC). Some empirical studies point out that employment fluctuations have become more volatile after the reforms. This paper presents a model with FTC and analyzes the effects of the key features of the reforms. Numerical examples show that an expected productivity shock causes the oscillatory behaviour of employment. Moreover, a reduction in adjustment costs amplifies fluctuations. In the labour market literature, a number of studies point out the importance of trade unions in European countries. This paper also analyzes the effects of union influence, and the numerical examples indicate that the stronger union influence leads to larger employment fluctuations.
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Drzymała, Agnieszka. "Economic Cooperation Between The European Union And Japan." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0016.

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The aim of the paper is to show the history of economic relations between the European Union and Japan. This economy is very important to the EU and the countries of the EU are interested in further deepening areas of cooperation. Therefore it seems important to indicate the political will to continue mutual economic relations through the signing of contracts and bilateral agreements, as well as meetings at various levels, including SPA and EPA negotiations and summits. The course of the current economic cooperation will be shown through trade volume and foreign direct investment outflows from the European Union to Japan.
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Legros, F., and M. Danis. "Surveillance of malaria in European Union countries." Eurosurveillance 3, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 45–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.03.05.00103-en.

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The European Union countries are outside the endemic area for malaria, but many cases of malaria contracted elsewhere are imported into Europe each year. Several countries have reported high and increasing numbers of imported cases in recent years (France
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Korneva, P. M. "Conflicting regulation of relations in the field of medical tourism: the experience of the European Union." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 65 (October 25, 2021): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.65.66.

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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the conflict regulation of relations in the field of medical tourism in the European Union. The author analyzes the concept of «medical tourism» and other terms used to denote the phenomenon of travel of persons to foreign countries to receive medical services («cross-border healthcare», «medical tourism», «medical travel»). The article analyzes the regulation of the EU-member states and supra-national regulation of private law aspects in the field of medical tourism. In particular, the peculiarities of receiving medical care by citizens of the European Union, which are regulated with the Directive of the Euro-pean Council and the Parliament 2011/24 / EU on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare. The author concludes that the conflict regulation of medical tourism in the European Union is based on the general conflict rules on the conclusion and implementation of contracts in the field of services and insurance, as well as compensation for damage caused by improper performance of contracts or civil offenses (torts), resolving conflicts of jurisdiction, etc. Special conflict regulation of relations in the field of medical tourism in the European Union is not developed. At the same time, the author emphasizes the significant gaps in the conflict regulation of certain issues related to medical tourism, especially such debatable as cross-border surrogacy, organ transplantation, eutha-nasia and others. The author supports the view that for the countries of the European Union today in the context of medical tourism for the purpose of surrogacy in countries where such a procedure is legal, relevant today are issues of conflict regulation, such as determining the nationality of the child; recognition of paternity (origin of the child); recognition of birth certificates of a surrogate mother issued in other countries.
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Larsson, Bengt. "Trade Union Channels for Influencing European Union Policies." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 5, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v5i3.4809.

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This paper analyzes what channels trade unions in Europe use when trying to influence European Union (EU) policies. It compares and contrasts trade unions in different industrial relations regimes with regard to the degree to which they cooperate with different actors to influence EU policies, while also touching on the importance of sector differences and organizational resources. The study is based on survey data collected in 2010–2011 from unions affiliated with the European Trade Union Confederation and from below peak unions in 14 European countries. Results of the survey show that the ‘national route’ is generally the most important for trade unions in influencing EU policies in the sense that this channel is, on average, used to the highest degree. In addition, the survey delineates some important differences between trade unions in different industrial relations regimes with regard to the balance between the national route and different access points in the ‘Brussels route’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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DORIS, Martin. "Dealing with divergence dispute avoidance and detrimental reliance in European contract law." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7080.

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Defence date: 28 May 2007
Examining board: Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Horatia Muir Watt, Université Paris I ; Prof. Christoph Schmid, ZERP Bremen
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Adolfsson, Maja, and Anneli Lundmark. "FIXED-TERM CONTRACTS, TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AND EMPLOYER-PAID TRAINING : A Comparative Multilevel Analysis Across 35 European Countries." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163117.

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This thesis examines the moderating role of trade union representation in addressing the gap in employer-provided training between permanent workers and workers with fixed-term contracts (FTCs) from a cross-country, comparative perspective. The impact of trade union representation is measured on two different levels: (1) access to trade union representation at the workplace at the individual-level (2) average trade union representation at the country-level, measured as trade union power. The statistical analyses are performed using data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and multilevel modelling. Our result suggests that, across the European countries, workers with FTCs receive less employer-paid training than permanent workers. Regarding the impact of trade union representation, statistically significant result is found only at the individual-level, where access to trade union representation increases employer-paid training regardless of employment contract. For the interaction between access to trade union representation at the individual-level and FTC, no significant relationship is found. However, the models with the cross-level interaction between trade union power and FTC indicate that employer-paid training increases for permanent workers only. Our findings suggest that trade union representation at the workplace could operate as an equalizer between permanent workers and FTC workers, while at the country-level, their lobbying effect is beneficial for permanent workers only
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Xu, Mu Chi. "Flexibility versus certainty : a comparative study of choice of law rules regarding contractual liabilities in the European Union and Mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2112293.

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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union : political and strategic implicaitons /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FRasco.pdf.

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Li, Xin. "European identity, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555548.

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Krasniuk, S. O. "Adult learning technologies in the European Union countries." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10707.

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Slapin, Jonathan B. "Institutional design in the European Union how governments negotiated the Treaty of Amsterdam /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459915981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tan, Zu Jia. "Analysis on the integration of EU consumer credit markets : a co-integration analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555572.

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Yucesan, Esin. "Stock Market Integration Between Turkey And European Union Countries." Thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605686/index.pdf.

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The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of two breakpoints on the relationships of Istanbul Stock Exchange with the European stock markets and on the relationships among these European stock markets to increase the economic integration. The breakpoints are the execution of the Customs Union Agreement of Turkey with the European Union in 1/1/1996 and the introduction of the Euro in 1/1/1999. While both breakpoints have effects on Turkey&rsquo
s economic relations, the European Union countries are expected to be influenced by only the introduction of the Euro. Stock market indices provided by DataStream is utilized. The statistical techniques used include the correlation and cointegration analysis. Results indicate that when examined on pair wise basis Turkish stock market has more liaisons with the European stock markets, in general, after the Customs Union
but less liaisons after the conversion to Euro. However, when examined as a group, the cointegration result finds the Euro as influential as the Customs Union. Alternatively, the European stock markets have decreasing integrations as a result of correlation analysis after the Euro, but it is an influential breakpoint according to cointegrating structures.
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Nezhyvenko, Oksana. "Informal employment in Ukraine and European Union transition countries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0047/document.

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L'emploi informel est devenu un sérieux défi pour l'économie ukrainienne et des pays en transition au cours de l'adaptation aux conditions du marché. La tendance du nombre de travailleurs qui participent au secteur informel est en hausse depuis les dernières années. Dans mes recherches, je vais présenter l'état actuel de l'emploi informel en Ukraine et les pays en transition. Une attention particulière est accordée à la répartition du travail entre les différentes catégories de population, en divisant les individus en cinq catégories (employés formels, employés informels, travailleurs indépendants formels, travailleurs indépendants informels et chômeurs) selon la définition de l'emploi informel de l'OIT. Nous examinons le marché du travail en utilisant les données de Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey pour l'Ukraine et Survey on Living and Income Conditions pour les pays en transition et nous élaborons la fonction des gains du capital humain pour le marché du travail en appliquant la fonction de répartition des gains de Mincer, afin d'étudier les facteurs qui déterminent les revenus et le choix de l'emploi de l'individu en Ukraine et les pays en transition
Informal employment became a serious challenge for the Ukrainian economy and economy of transition countries during the adjustment to market conditions. Trends of the number of workers participating in the informal sector have been rising for the last years. In my research I will present the current state of informal employment of Ukraine and transition countries. Detailed attention is paid to labour distribution across different population categories by dividing the individuals into five categories (formal employee, informal employee, formal self-employed, informal self-employed and unemployed) following the definition of informal employment from the ILO. We examine labour market using the data of the Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for Ukraine and the Survey on Living and Income Conditions for transition countries and we design human capital earnings function for labour market by applying Mincer earnings distribution function in order to investigate the factors that determine the individual’s earnings and choice of the employment status both for Ukraine and transition countries
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Books on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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Ruth, Sefton-Green, ed. Mistake, fraud and duties to inform in European contract law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Ole, Lando, Beale H. G, and Commission on European Contract Law., eds. Principles of European contract law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000.

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Der Grundsatz der Unabänderbarkeit der Pauschalvergütung beim VOB-Vertrag und seine Durchbrechungen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.

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M, Barendrecht J., Clive Eric M, and Study Group on a European Civil Code., eds. Service contracts (PEL SC). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. European Union Committee. European contract law - the way forward?: Report with evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2005.

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W, Neyers Jason, Bronaugh Richard N, Pitel Stephen G. A, and University of Western Ontario. Faculty of Law., eds. Exploring contract law. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2009.

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1952-, Bar Christian von, Drobnig Ulrich, Alpa Guido, and European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection., eds. The interaction of contract law and tort and property law in Europe: A comparative study. München: Sellier, 2004.

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Clarke, Paul. Europe's money: A guide to the EU budget 1995 : an outline of EU funds and research programmes with special reference to those budget items offering potential aid, study, service or consultancy contracts from the European Union. London: Cartermill, 1995.

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Clarke, Paul. Europe's money: A guide to the EU budget 1994 : an outline of EU funds and research programmes with special reference to those budget items offering potential aid, study, service or consultancy contracts from the European Union. Harlow, Essex: Longman Information and Reference, 1994.

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Grzegorz, Żmij, ed. Interpretation in Polish, German and European Private Law. München: sellier. european law publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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Naef, Tobias. "The Restrictive Effect of the Legal Mechanisms for Data Transfers in the European Union." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 115–230. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19893-9_3.

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AbstractThe right to data protection in Article 8 CFR has an extraterritorial dimension, which requires continuous protection for personal data that is essentially equivalent to the protection guaranteed within the EU. This right to continuous protection of personal data is an unwritten constituent part of the right to data protection in Article 8 CFR. Primary Union law in Article 16(2) TFEU instructs the European Parliament and the Council to establish rules relating to the protection of individuals regarding the processing of their personal data. This mandate also extends to the extraterritorial dimension of the right to data protection. Accordingly, Chapter V GDPR sets out the system for the transfer of personal data from the EU to third countries. The first section of this chapter defines the legal concept of “data transfers” and introduces the three legal mechanisms for the transfer of personal data in Chapter V GDPR (Sect. 3.1). The following sections address the three legal mechanism and their role in guaranteeing the right to continuous protection for personal data. Each section entails a fundamental rights analysis for the transfer of personal data on the basis of a legal mechanism in Chapter V GDPR. The second section is dedicated to data transfers based on adequacy decisions for third countries following Article 45 GDPR (Sect. 3.2). The third section is dedicated to data transfers based on the instruments providing appropriate safeguards in Article 46 GDPR such as standard data protection clauses and binding corporate rules (BCRs) (Sect. 3.3). Finally, the fourth section is dedicated to data transfers subject to contract-based and consent-based derogations in Article 49 GDPR (Sect. 3.4).
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Brooks, Rachel, Jessie Abrahams, Predrag Lažetić, Achala Gupta, and Sazana Jayadeva. "Access to and Experiences of Higher Education Across Europe: The Impact of Social Characteristics." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 197–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_14.

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Abstract Policymakers across Europe have increasingly emphasised the importance of paying close attention to the social dimension of higher education and taking further steps to ensure that the composition of Europe’s universities more adequately reflects the diversity of the wider population. While there have been a number of studies that have explored this through analyses of European- and national-level policy and others that have assessed a range of quantitative indicators related to student diversity, this chapter assumes, in contrast, an interpretivist stance; it is interested in the perspectives of those studying and working ‘on the ground’ within the European Higher Education Area. Specifically, we seek to answer this research question: To what extent do students and staff, across Europe, believe that higher education access and experiences are differentiated by social characteristics (such as class/family background, race/ethnicity/migration background, gender and age)? In doing so, we draw on data from a large European Research Council-funded project, including 54 focus groups with undergraduate students (a total of 295 individuals) and 72 in-depth individual interviews with members of higher education staff (both academic and non-academic). Fieldwork was conducted in three higher education institutions in each of the following countries: Denmark, UK-England, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain—nations chosen to provide diversity with respect to welfare regime, relationship to the European Union and mechanisms for funding higher education. We explore commonalities and differences between staff and students and between different countries, before identifying some implications for policymakers keen to promote further social inclusion within Europe’s higher education institutions (HEIs).
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Eppler, Annegret. "European Union." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020, 147–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8_12.

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Schneider, Friedrich. "Size of the Shadow Economies of 28 European Union Countries from 2003 to 2018." In European Union, 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18103-1_6.

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Panić, M. "Postscript: A Comparison of EC and Gold Standard Countries." In European Monetary Union, 133–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13452-6_6.

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Sissenich, Beate. "European Union Policies toward Accession Countries." In Public Opinion, Party Competition, and the European Union in Post-Communist Europe, 19–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11500-3_2.

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Giaufret, Emanuele. "The European Development Fund." In The European Union and Developing Countries, 144–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_10.

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de Castro, Ana. "The European Investment Bank." In The European Union and Developing Countries, 154–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_11.

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Piccinini, Antonio, and Margaret Loseby. "The European Union, Developing Countries and Central and Eastern European Countries." In Agricultural Policies in Europe and the USA, 80–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597150_7.

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Farkas, Beáta. "Crisis-Resistant Nordic Countries?" In Models of Capitalism in the European Union, 227–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60057-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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Fotova Čiković, Katerina. "COVID-19 CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’S RESPONSE IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CAS FRAMEWORK." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2021.75.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the world in 2020 and it has been recognized as the biggest stress test in the history of the European Union. The pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy had been projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, which is much worse than during the 2008– 09 Global financial crisis. In these difficult and challenging times, countries and societies need to adapt to the new situation while minimizing the negative social and economic implications. This paper discusses how different governments in the South East Europe region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) have managed and dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the current literature on COVID-19 is conducted. This paper should enable a better understanding of how different governments have faced the pandemic and how and to which extent they facilitated a proactive and timely approach towards crisis management. The objective of this study is to theorize a CAS (Complex Adaptive System) framework to evaluate the prevention, preparedness, response and crisis management and strategies used during the pandemic and assess the steps taken so far by the selected Southeast European transitional countries for tackling the COVID-19 crisis up to September 2020.
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King, Andrew, Stuart Burgess, Winnie Ijomah, and Chris McMahon. "Design for End-of-Life: Repair, Recondition, Remanufacture or Recycle?" In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57759.

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Between 1980 and 1997, municipal waste in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries increased by around 40%. The European Union has responded by introducing legislation on extended producer responsibility (EPR). This paper further explains the context of this new legislation and describes, compares and then contrasts the four alternative strategies to reducing end-of-life waste: namely repairing, reconditioning, remanufacturing or recycling. It also introduces a more robust definition of remanufacturing, validated by earlier research, which differentiates it from repair and reconditioning. From a consideration of the different factors involved, it concludes that remanufacturing may often be a strong strategy. This is based on the fact that it preserves both the embodied energy of virgin production (thus reducing the environmental impact) and the intrinsic “value adding” process of the producer (thus increasing the manufacturer’s profitability). As a result, this new environmental policy is likely to lead to significant increases in remanufacturing as an end-of-life strategy in the European Union. However, effective end-of life strategies are dictated by product characteristics and therefore vary from product to product (Rose et al, 1998). Thus further research is required to compare and contrast the effectiveness of remanufacturing and alternative end-of-life strategy for particular product types.
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Felcan, Miroslav. "Historical Cross-Section of Arson." In Safe and Secure Society. The College of European and Regional Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/ssc_2020/1.

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This work was supported by the Agency for Research and Development under the contract no. APVV-17-0217.Every year fires cause big damage to society, property, environment, buildings and infrastructure and pose a threat to life and health of persons in endangered areas. In most cases arson serves as insurance fraud or cover up any crime (e.g. robbery, embezzlement). However, there may be other reasons, e.g. in the case of the Commission of the European Union, the use of the product in envy, hatred, threats, blackmail, competitive struggle. Or social, political, or ethnic differences. In several cases, arson was used as a so-called 'arson attack'. The false flag, that is, the arsonist used the fire to accuse his enemy and took advantage of the wave of recourse that subsequently was raised against him. The circumstances of the cause and the fire are under investigation. After extinguishing a fire, it is standard procedure to seek and then either confirm, refute or further examine the possibility of intentional formation. In most countries of the world, arson is treated as a crime and seen as harming a stranger or a threat to life.
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Macerinskiene, Irena. "INTANGIBLES ASSESSMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b24/s7.050.

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Dudaitė, Jolita, Rūta Dačiulytė, and Jolanta Navickaitė. "LIFELONG LEARNING SITUATION IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1679.

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Tatarenko, V. N. "Energy Service Contracts In Russia And The European Union." In MTSDT 2019 - Modern Tools for Sustainable Development of Territories. Special Topic: Project Management in the Regions of Russia. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.05.100.

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Cikes, N., J. Dudler, F. Lioté, DE Bax, and NDS Bax. "THU0596 Rheumatology specialty training in european union countries." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3314.

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Bir iakova, Na a., Jana Stavkova, and Veronika Anto ova. "Income Poverty in Selected Countries of the European Union." In 2013 International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mdhss-13.2013.124.

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Albu, Angela. "CORRELATION BETWEEN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.3/s04.066.

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Kocisova, Kristina, and Martina Pastyriková. "DETERMINANTS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 13th Economics & Finance Virtual Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2020.013.005.

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Reports on the topic "Contracts – European Union countries"

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Morsy, Ahmed. Towards a renewed local social and political covenant in Libya, Syria and Yemen. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ofgn2229.

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This SIPRI Insights Paper examines the domestic and external factors at play in Libya, Syria and Yemen and their impact on negotiating post-war peaceful settlements and shaping prospective social contracts.The paper’s argument is two-fold. Firstly, policymaking must move beyond a static approach to understanding these conflicts. Despite apparent stalemates, the three countries should be approached as ever-evolving simmering conflicts. Secondly, policymakers have to move below the national level in order to achieve various forms of localized social peace. Given the nature of these conflicts and the varied sub-national segmentation, the analysis concludes that community-level social and political covenants may offer a first building block towards nationwide social contracts and sustainable conflict resolution.The role of external actors, particularly the European Union (EU), is critical in paving the way for these local-level dialogues and negotiations in Libya, Syria and Yemen. In short, external powers, including the EU, should adopt policies that push for long-term resolution to achieve post-conflict stabilization rather than the opportunistic taking of sides.
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Tomás, Inês, and Ricardo Barradas. Household indebtedness in the European Union countries: Going beyond the mainstream interpretation. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.03.

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Carbo-Valverde, Santiago, Edward Kane, and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernandez. Evidence of Differences in the Effectiveness of Safety-Net Management in European Union Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13782.

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Domínguez, Roberto. Perceptions of the European Union in Latin America. Fundación Carolina, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt76en.

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This working paper examines the puzzle of the gaps between the images that the EU projects, voluntarily and involuntarily, and the perceptions of the EU in Latin America. After reviewing some of the debates related to the role of perceptions in public policy and EU Public Diplomacy (EUPD), the paper analyzes some critical developments in global perceptions of the EU based on the study Update of the 2015 Analysis of the Perception of the EU and EU Policies Abroad (2021 Update Study), which assessed the attitudes of the EU in 13 countries. The third section examines some studies on the attitudes of the EU in Latin America, including some contributions from Latinobarometer. The fourth section offers comparative cases of EU perception in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia based on the findings of the 2021 Update Study. The analysis of each country relies on the interpretation of surveys with some references to the press analysis and interview methods provided in the 2021 Update Study. Each case discusses specific trends in the following areas: visibility, primary descriptors, global economics, and international leadership. Also, it identifies some patterns in perceptions of the EU in social development, climate change, research/technology, development assistance, culture, the case of the critical juncture in the survey (pandemic), and the EU as a normative setter. The final section offers some general trends in the perceptions of the EU in Latin America.
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Barradas, Ricardo. Drivers of private consumption in the era of financialisation: new evidence for the European Union countries. DINAMIA'CET-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2017.04.

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Barradas, Ricardo. Finance-growth nexus in the age of financialisation: An empirical reassessment for the European Union countries. DINAMIA-CET IUL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2018.07.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeeping is acceptable even to countries that do not prioritize climate insecurity in their policies. Country strategies for pursuing such efforts involve spotlighting climate security during their respective rotating Council presidencies, working closely with the European External Action Service and the European Commission, and collaborating with like-minded member states. The paper recommends additional steps for action but in order to make effective adjustments to EU processes, climate security will need greater prominence on the EU agenda.
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Sheridan, Anne, and Sarah Groarke. Trends in migration to Ireland of nationals of countries with visa liberalisation agreements with the European Union. ESRI, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat75.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.

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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing climate financing and development aid; and building up the operational resilience of the military. Strengthening such efforts would involve: incorporating climate insecurity into foreign and security policy dialogues; increasing conflict-sensitive climate adaptation finance; sensitization to climate change and conflict; and improving the operationalization of early warning. To remain credible, EU member states must advance their climate security initiatives and close the gap between rhetoric and practice.
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