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Journal articles on the topic 'Contractors'
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1
Mofokeng, Godfrey. "Mentorship Programmes within the Small and Medium Sized Contractor Development Programme: A Case Study of the Free State Province, South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i12.371.
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The South African government has been implementing various small and medium sized contractor development programmes in an effort to redress the legacy created by apartheid government. The programmes fulfil such an objective through awarding construction projects to the historically disadvantaged Black contractors to enable them develop competent skills, build viable construction firms, create jobs and redistribute wealth. A mentorship programme was put in place to assist the contractors with technical, managerial, contractual and business impediments they might be encountered in the project execution and in running the construction business. The main aim of the paper was to conduct an evaluation of the contractor development mentorship programme in South Africa using the Free State Province as a case study. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 small and medium contractors in the Free State Province, and a review of literature was undertaken. Financial factors were found to be amongst the leading causes of contractors’ failures. It was also established that educational qualification and experience in the construction industry have an effect in a contractor’s failure or success. A lot of contractors revealed that they were not exposed to the Contractor Development Programmes like in other provinces hence 74% did not participate in any contractor development programmes and only 26% did participate. The paper concluded with recommendations on how mentorship within the contractor development programme can be improved.
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Alsugair, Abdullah M., and Mansour M. Abuthnain. "Assessment of Government Contractor Classification System in Saudi Arabia." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.345.
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This paper presents results of a study to assess the Government Contractor Classification System in Saudi Arabia. Contract award procedures in public projects of Saudi Arabia are accomplished in two steps. The first one involves qualifying contractors to insure that their technical, financial, and managerial capabilities are suitable for the project to be awarded. This qualification is accomplished by the Contractor Classification Agency- Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs- in which the contractor is classified according to his specialty and capabilities. In the second step, bids of the contractors who satisfy the required classification are evaluated to select the best bid. Since the contractor classification is the only screening method to disqualify incompetent contractors and the difficulty of dismissing a qualified contractor who submits the lowest bid, the contractor classification must be an actual measure for the contractor's capabilities. To assess the contractor classification system a questionnaire has been prepared and distributed to the project mangers in different public ministries and agencies. The number of distributed questionnaire was 250 and 198 were collected and used in this study. In order to conduct an objective evaluation, a comparison has been conducted between performance of contractors who are awarded projects based on the contractor classification only with performance of contractors who are awarded projects based on the contractor classification and an additional prequalification by the project owner. Also, Chi-squared test was used to verify the cause of the difference in results of using these two types of prequalification. Results of the study reveal that the contractor classification system does not properly reflect the contractors’ capabilities.
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Zainal, Rozlin, Garba Hamza, Norpadzlihatun Manap, and Noor Shahifah Syahrom. "Significant Ways to Improve the Performance of Medium and Large Local Contractors in the Jigawa State, Nigeria." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603018.
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Contractors’ performance is an important criterion for the success of any construction project, as it is the contractor that converts designs into practical reality. While evidence suggests that there is much need for further improvement particularly in cost, time and quality, in Nigeria contractors’ performance is the subject that requires much research. This paper is to identify the significant ways to improve the performance of medium and large local contractors in the Jigawa state, Nigeria. Literature about contractors and their performance was reviewed to identify the ways believed to improve their performance in executing construction projects. Questionnaires distributed to 45 clients, 45 consultants, and 45 medium and large local contractors. The findings show that the respondents agree that the most significant ways to improve medium and large local contractor’s performance are transparent bidding process mechanism, proper selection of construction procurement system, quality control and standard assurance, local contractor patronage by the government and adopting information and communication technology (ICT) in design and construction. This paper offers better performance and expands the pool of knowledge to the Nigerian contractor regarding essential element that is needed to be observed in order to improve their performance.
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Chiang, Fu Yuan, and Pin Luarn. "Contractor Prequalification in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.742.
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It is very important for the project owner to screen out potential failure contractors from the bidding process. Contractor prequalification has been established as a standard practice in solving this problem. This study uses a prequalification that is a financial ratios model to assess the contractor's financial capability in Taiwan. Do not consider non-quantifiable factor, the model is effective in assessing the financial ability of construction contractors' selection.
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Zhang, Yao, Shuangliang Tai, and Kunhui Ye. "Contractor Recommendation Model Using Credit Networking and Collaborative Filtering." Buildings 12, no. 12 (November 22, 2022): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122049.
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The credit of contractors in the construction market directly affects the cooperative intentions of owners. Although previous scholars have attempted to use credit to select appropriate contractors, they have rarely considered the trust relationship between decision-making and former owners. This work introduces and verifies a credit network recommendation model based on a collaborative filtering algorithm. The contractor’s credit established based on this model serves as a viable method for owners to select efficient contractors. The application of the model includes relevant information collection, neighbor set formation, contractor’s credit evaluation, and recommendation list formation, among which the neighbor set of the owner is used to calculate the comprehensive trust degree of the decision-making owner to the former owner. A time decay function is adopted to correct the difference in the trust relationship between an owner and a contractor introduced over time. To verify the feasibility of this model, an actual scenario was simulated, and the results obtained via simulations were compared and found to be consistent. Thus, a contractor with a high credit can be recommended to the decision-making owner. This approach is crucial for promoting contractors’ credit and conducive to the healthy development of the construction market.
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Ab., Nur Izzati, and Christopher Nigel Preece . "Development of Foreign Competitor Identification Index (FCII) in Malaysia." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i1.1134.
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Most previous studies have dealt with foreign competitors in host country by considering how the contractors compete in international environment. The purpose of this study is to develop a foreign competitor identification index (FCII) by assessing the global orientation of international contractors in Malaysia using various characteristics. The exploratory study is based on the secondary data from Engineering News Record (ENR, 2013) and Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB, 2013) Malaysia. The sampling frame was from the ENR top 250 international contractors operating in more than 100 countries worldwide. Their involvement in international projects includes general building, manufacturing, power, water supply, sewerage/solid waste, industrial process, petroleum, transportation, hazardous waste and telecommunications. Six (6) measurements were used to develop the FCII mode which were based on number of years of experience and number of consecutive years operating in Malaysia, number of countries they are working outside Malaysia, number of projects and number of diversity of projects undertaken in Malaysia, and ranking in ENR. The data was analysed descriptively to make the comparison and establish the findings. Thirty eight (38) out of 250 top international contractors listed by the ENR have been operating in Malaysia. It was observed that that the most competitive contractor with the highest FCII score has more than 12 year of consecutive years working in Malaysia working on 99 projects, operating in more than 20 countries outside Malaysia and ranked at 17th place by the ENR (2013). The study used a sampling frame of population based on ENR. Therefore, the proposed measurements shall be further validated by the subject matter experts. The study will assist local contractors to recognize the foreign competitors in Malaysia and a competitive index model will be further developed to guide the local contractors to prepare themselves to compete with the foreign contractors in Malaysia. Neglecting to properly assess the foreign contractors’ characteristics can lead to poor performance in their local business ventures. This study intends to contribute to an improved understanding foreign contractor’s competitiveness in relation to the local contractors towards the development of the FCII model. Although there have been various models related to competitive index, there is currently no model that attempts to show the effects of foreign contractors on the local contractors.
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Kiiru, Harrison Wachira, Githae Wanyona, Stephen Diang’a, and John Kihoro. "The Influence of Contractors’ Selection Attributes. A Study of Public Construction Projects Performance in Kenya." East African Journal of Business and Economics 7, no. 1 (July 3, 2024): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.2017.
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This paper evaluated the influence of contractors’ selection attributes on public construction project performance in Kenya. This research contends that an investigation into contractors’ selection attributes at the tender evaluation stage is important to enhance the likelihood of public construction project success performance. The study used a survey method and administered questionnaires to 263 respondents selected through stratified sampling. One hundred and eighty-nine (189) practitioners and professionals in state agencies returned filed questionnaires representing a 71.86% return rate. The literature review and interview reveal thirteen contractor selection variables and six project performance criteria. SPSS was used to analyse the data set obtained for reliability, normality, correlation, and logit regression test. Logit regression analysis reveals the omnibus test of model coefficients converged (Chi-square=26.116, df=13, p=0.016). The model summary reveals Nagelkerke R^2 of 0.246 indicating a relationship of 24.6% between the thirteen predictor variables and project performance indicators. It was found that contractors quoted tender price (Exp (B) = 1.866), innovation (Exp (B) = 2.808), and occupation health and safety (Exp (B) = 0.358) significantly influence the performance of public construction projects when all other contractor's selection variables are controlled. This indicates that the contractor’s quoted tender price, innovation, and occupation health and safety explain well the success of the public construction project from thea six (performance by budget, time, procuring entity satisfaction, environmental sustainability, quality specifications, and fulfilling public need) project performance indicators
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Lin, Yi-Hsin, Yanzhe Guo, Chan-Joong Kim, Po-Han Chen, and Mingwei Qian. "The impact of relational governance on the adaptability of international contractors: a comparative study between China and Korea." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 10 (July 6, 2020): 3235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2019-0719.
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PurposeIn the process of undertaking overseas construction projects, relational governance has become indispensable for project stakeholders. This study examines how relational governance influences contractors' adaptability to foreign situations and whether such associations are positively moderated by international environmental complexity.Design/methodology/approachA crosssectional survey methodology was applied to collect primary data through questionnaires sent to domestic contractors in China and South Korea (hereafter Korea). Multiple regression analysis was used to test the effects of four dimensions of relational governance on contractor adaptability. Thereafter, the Chinese and Korean subsamples were tested separately through moderated regression analysis to explore differences in the influence of relational governance on adaptability.FindingsThe results showed that quality communication, favor exchange and establishing an emotional relationship significantly and positively affected a contractor’s adaptability. However, there were significant differences between the Chinese and Korean international contractors in terms of the moderating effects of international environment complexity.Research limitations/implicationsEast Asian engagement in international development is not limited to China and Korea alone, and the study should be replicated using large representative samples from more countries, such as Japan, to gain a fuller understanding of the influence of relational governance.Originality/valueThe results have great significance for the managers of international contractors in East Asian countries and contribute to the research on relational governance and contractor adaptability.
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Gray, O. Ronald, and Richard V. Calvasina. "THE 1826 CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES AT THE PENSACOLA NAVAL STATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH USING AGENCY THEORY." Accounting Historians Journal 22, no. 1 (June 1, 1995): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.22.1.35.
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This contract dispute enhances our understanding of agency relationships and fosters greater recognition of the limitations and hazards of historical research using an agency literature framework. The accounting records, related memoranda, and reports submitted also provide insight into the nature and character of early defense contract accounting and relationships between these contractors and the government. Difficulties confronted by the Navy in securing a contractor; contract terms; civilian contractor's project accounting records, related memoranda, and correspondence with naval authorities are reviewed. The post-contract correspondence provides insight into how early 19th century government contractors attempted to resolve disputes with the government.
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Gelderman, Semeijn, and Vries. "Contracting for Road Maintenance in the Netherlands—the Downside of Performance-based Contracting." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030041.
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A trend towards performance-based contracting (PBC) can be observed in public infrastructure maintenance. PBC is an approach of tying the contractor’s payment to specified performance. We investigated PBC for the maintenance of highways and roads in the Netherlands, identifying issues ultimately resulting in poor contractor performance. The PBC-induced risks for clients relate to the problematic translation and measurement of specifications, the ineffectiveness of incentives, the avoidance of contractors taking full responsibility, and contract management issues. Clients should recognize the actual balance of power in the relationship with their (main) contractors, and take appropriate measures.
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Arteti, Novi, Syafwandi ., and Budi Susetyo. "Factors affecting the continuation of contractor participation in the tender process for the construction services project at the center for policy research and development and application of technology – research and development agency ministry of pub." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30594.
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The application of new technology as a result of research and development carried out by the Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing is one of the efforts for technological needs in infrastructure development. The implementation of technology implementation activities still faces many obstacles, one of which is the tender process. Project Characteristics Factors, Capability of Contractors and Application of New Technology can influence whether the contractor will continue or stop the tender process. This research is based on a sample of respondents from related parties including goods / service providers (contractors), work owners and groups of goods / services procurement units. The results of the data obtained were analyzed with the partial least-squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis shows that the ability of the Contractor has the greatest influence on the Tender Process. This means that the contractor's resources are the main force to carry out the project so that it is not too dependent on other parties. Thus, it can be concluded that the consideration of ownership of the contractor's resources becomes a factor for the contractor to continue the tender process that he follows by making an offer. Because with its capital and equipment, the contractor will be able to offer more efficiently.
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Asuquo, Christian, and Chukwuemeka Ogbu. "PERSPECTIVE OF NIGERIAN BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF FIRM PROFITABILITY." Journal of Surveying, Construction & Property 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jscp.vol14no1.3.
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Profitability is crucial to the success, growth and survival of construction firms. This study investigated the factors affecting the profitability of construction contractors in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It also determined if there are differences in the perspectives of building and civil engineering contractors on the important factors affecting profitability. Data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and were analysed using mean score and Mann-Whitney U test. A total of 173 adequately completed questionnaires were analysed. Turnover or volume of sale of the contracting firm is considered as the most important factor influencing contractors’ profitability, while other key factors include low profit margin of projects, contractor’s productivity and shortage of working capital or liquidity issue. Findings also revealed that there is a difference in the perception of building and civil engineering construction contractors on most of the factors affecting profitability of contracting firms. It is recommended that that construction contractor should create a work bank or increase the amount of construction work at hand in order to keep turnover flowing steady. In addition, the distinction between building and civil engineering contracts should be recognised when considering the factors affecting contractors’ profitability.
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Mazaheri-Zadeh, Yoones, and Zahra Naji-Azimi. "Identification and Evaluation of Parameters Influencing the selection of Finance Project Contractors of Mashhad Water and Wastewater Company Using an AHP and Fuzzy Pramty." Current World Environment 10, Special-Issue1 (June 28, 2015): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.special-issue1.24.
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For managers and decision-makers, selecting the contractor is a key decision given this fact that the contractor plays a fundamental role in any outsourced project. So, identifying and evaluating the contractors selection criteria will result in eliminating inefficient contractors from the tender process. It is needed to collect and process these criteria in order to maximize the performance of selected contractors, and to minimize the errors and mistakes in fulfilling the society needs and organization standards. Obviously, many quantitative and qualitative indicators of different importance are involved in determining the contractors' eligibility. In this paper, we are to identify the factors affecting the selection of contractors, and then, to determine the importance levels of the factors and prioritize the contractors by combining the multi-criteria methods of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy PROMETHEE. This is the first time to implement this hybrid method for solving the contractor selection problem. In this regard, first, the criteria are identified and their weights are calculated using the fuzzy AHP technique, then premier contractor is selected using the fuzzy PROMETHEE method. A real application to select finance projects' contractor in the Water and Wastewater Company of Mashhad city is considered as the base problem.
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Kawesittisankhun, Dr Kittipos, and Dr Jakrapong Pongpeng. "Maximization of Contractor Business Competencies Resulting from Project Team Competencies." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 6 (March 30, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f7469.0311623.
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Under the current circumstances of highly competitive business operations, contractors should allocate their resources to develop the project team competencies, then leading to the improvement of the contractors’ business competencies. A question is how the contractors’ limited resources should be allocated to develop the project team competencies and thus maximize the contractor's business competencies. A literature review shows that few research works have addressed this question, showing a knowledge gap that should be filled. Therefore, this research aimed to answer this question by developing a linear programming model that suggests optimal resource allocation to improve the project team competencies. A survey case study in the Thai construction industry was used to illustrate the model application. The results of the model application show that the optimal proportion of resource allocation to develop the project team competencies should be as follows: physical health (32.80%), communication (16.30%), knowledge (15.60%), decision-making (10.60%), relationship management (9.80%), systematic construction work (9.80%), and systematic management (5.20%). These results can be used as a suggestion for the contractors’ optimal resource allocation to develop their project team competencies and maximize contractor business competencies.
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Yusof, Noorhayatie, and Mohd Saidin Misnan. "A Review of Safety Issues among Small Grade Contractors in Construction Industry." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926605008.
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The construction industry is one of the largest industries in Malaysia. There were too many factors that contribute to construction project success. Construction industry comprises different participants including clients, consultants, and contractors (as construction business) that perform different roles from conception in order to complete the project. The contractors in Malaysia were categorized into seven Grades of contractors starting from contractor G1 to G7. These categories were graded based on a number of employees and the value of the project. In Malaysia, G1 to G4 contractors (small grade contractors) are the highest company were registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). Unfortunately, small grade contractors are widely exposed to the highest rate of accidents or risky compared to medium and large grade contractors (G5-G7) in this industry. In order to adequately clarify the issues on this safety matter, this paper has discussed the problems faced by small grade contractors that influence the implementation of safety practice in a construction site. The objective of study is to identify the problems in small grade contractors in order to implement safety practice on site. This study was focused on small grade contractor in Malaysia. The data for this study were supported by previous studies are reported in the journal; statistic of accidents in the construction industry by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH); contractor information; statistic of contractors are registered under CIDB; safety book; and internet sources. This study had found that the small grade contractors have some issues related to safety practice whereas they did not have proper standard of safety (general safety act and regulation); they cannot appoint Safety Health Officer (SHO) to handle the site safety; have limited external resource; and also small grade contractors have financial constraints. Based on this review, it can be concluded that small grade contractors have more lacking in safety management and consequently, the rate of accidents still higher in the construction industry. However, safety management in small grade contractors can be improved with support by external resources such as researcher, large grade contractor, government, and pressure from authorities.
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Zhu, Jianbo, Miao Fang, Qianqian Shi, Peng Wang, and Qian Li. "Contractor Cooperation Mechanism and Evolution of the Green Supply Chain in Mega Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114306.
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The large scale of construction in mega projects leads to significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts; thus, the projects should also exhibit greater social responsibility. Adopting green supply chain management in the construction process is an important way to realize the goal of sustainable development of mega projects. Because the green supply chain behavior during construction is mainly demonstrated by contractors, it is especially important to study the evolutionary trend of their behavior. Thus, to explore the cooperative relationship among contractors, this paper considers a lengthy construction period, multi-agent participation dynamics, and opportunistic behavior—all are key features of mega projects—and establishes an evolutionary game model. Specifically, a replicator dynamic equation is used to describe the long-term effects of the contractor’s decisions. Equilibrium determinants are then analyzed and simulated. The results show that the initial probabilities of the two types of contractors (main contractor and subcontractor) demonstrating opportunistic behaviors have a significant effect on the direction of evolution of the mega project. The main contractor, who dominates the subsidy allocation by the government and project owner, should pay attention to maintaining a balance in the income distribution between him or her and the subcontractor. Additionally, there is an optimal distribution coefficient for the subsidy that minimizes the overall probability of opportunistic behavior. This paper provides a point of reference for the decisions of the main contractor and the subcontractor in the green supply chain of mega projects.
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Rostiyanti, Susy, Ario Bintang Koesalamwardi, and Christian Winata. "Identification of design-build project risk factors: contractor’s perspective." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927602017.
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Design-build in construction industry becomes one of the project delivery method selected by owner. Light rail transit, mass rapid transit, and stadium renovation are examples of large infrastructure projects which are constructed under design-build approach to save time. In this approach, the design and construction phases are carried out simultaneously by contractor. One of the advantages for owners is that most risks are transferred to the contractors. This paper attempts to discuss contractors’ perspective related to risk factors in design-build project. The aim is to understand potential risk that can lead to an unsuccessful project. A questionnaire is developed that contains six factors with 20 sub-factors related to project risks. The questionnaire is distributed and responded by both state-owned and private enterprises contractors that involved in design-build project. Data are analysed using Significance Indexes method in order to obtain the relative significance of the risk sub-factors. The result shows five influenced sub-factors including project and program management issues that may cause risk to the contractor’s success under design-build project.
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Thackray, M. A. "CONTRACTOR SAFETY." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96049.
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This paper deals with the efforts and results of a Management driven campaign to improve contractor safety performance in WAPET's operations.WAPET Management identified Contractor safety performance as one of four key safety focus areas in their 1995 Business Plan. The other focus areas were Hazard Analysis, Training and Audit and Review.Strategies adopted for achieving improvements in contractor safety included:aligning Contractor Goals and Objectives with WAPET's by involving major contractors in 'Best Practices' workshops. The workshops specifically addressed the Business Plan focus areas and the identification and measurement of performance indicators. The workshops provided contractors with an open forum to express their views and efforts in these areas;holding follow-up meetings with individual contractors and contractor groups with common areas of work. Both contractors and WAPET management detailed the status and efforts being put into these areas. These meetings identified improvement opportunities and opened up communication links both with WAPET personnel and between contractors; andimplementing the results of the workshop and meetings by upgrading WAPET's Safety Management System particularly in the areas of pre-qualification, contracting philosophies and contractor management philosophies.Feedback on each stage of the 1995 program was used to determine the strategies for the 1996 program. The workshops and meetings highlighted process improvement opportunities particularly in areas of industry standardisation, development of contractor Safety Management Systems, lines of communication/accountability, employee involvement and performance indicators. These opportunities were documented in a 'Contractor Best Practice* manual of which over 350 have been distributed.Conventional safety measures indicate a 50 per cent improvement in both LTI and Total Reportable frequency rates for WAPET's contractors in the past 12 months. The success of the program was also demonstrated by other indicators such as greater openness in communications, greater participation in safety meetings and a closer working relationship with WAPET.
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Kozlovská, Mária, and Zuzana Struková. "Integration of Occupational Safety to Contractors` or Subcontractors` Performance Evaluation in Construction Projects." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2013-0002.
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Abstract Several factors should be considered by the owner and general contractor in the process of contractors` and subcontractors` selection and evaluation. The paper reviews the recent models addressed to guide general contractors in subcontractors’ selection process and in evaluation of different contractors during the execution of the project. Moreover the paper suggests the impact of different contractors’ performance to the overall level of occupational health and safety culture at the sites. It deals with the factors influencing the safety performance of contractors during construction and analyses the methods for assessing the safety performance of construction contractors. The results of contractors’ safety performance evaluation could be a useful tool in motivating contractors to achieve better safety outcomes or could have effect on owners` or general contractors’ decision making about contractors suitability for future contracting works.
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Liu, Xun, Dexin Liu, and Mengyu Xu. "An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain General Contractors’ Long-Term Cooperation Intentions in Construction Projects: Empirical Evidence from China." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 7072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097072.
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With the continuous development of the construction industry, the current construction production mode is gradually transforming into the contractor, professional subcontractor and labor subcontractor’s “main-sub contractor” cooperative production mode in the market segmentation. Long-term cooperation between contractors and subcontractors is beneficial to both parties, yet only limited research has explored the factors that determine contractors’ willingness to cooperate with subcontractors on a long-term basis. This paper explores the factors that influence contractors’ willingness to cooperate with subcontractors in the long term and the forming mechanisms. To achieve this goal, this study combines the characteristics of the construction industry to increase the variable of past experience, constructing an extended planned behavior theory model. Through questionnaire surveys, contractors with experience in subcontract management were surveyed, and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling techniques. The results showed that contractors’ long-term cooperation intention was mainly influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. While past experience, a new variable, had significant effects on attitudes and perceived behavioral control, influencing contractors’ long-term cooperation intention by affecting attitudes and perceived behavioral control, past experience had no direct effect on subjective norms. This study will explain the formation mechanism of the general contractor and subcontractor’s long-term cooperative relationship and provide a theoretical basis for the general contractor to select partners and suggestions for subcontractors to improve their work.
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Gallant, Linda, and Gabriela Shalev. "Leading Decisions of the Supreme Court of Israel and Extracts of the Judgment." Israel Law Review 32, no. 4 (1998): 681–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015831.
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The State of Israel v. Aprofim Housing and Enterprise (1991) Ltd. (1995) 49(ii) P.D. 265In 1990, following the wave of immigration from the former Soviet Union at the end of the 80's, the Government decided to promote construction of apartments for new immigrants and other persons entitled to government housing aid. A plan was drawn up whereby land would be allocated to contractors for building purposes by the Israel Lands Authority, while the Housing Ministry (hereinafter, “the Appellant”) undertook to purchase the apartments from the contractors after construction.A standard form agreement was drawn up which served as the basis for the contracts signed between the Appellant and the various building contractors and entrepreneurs. The Appellant undertook in these contracts to purchase from the contractor, upon request, any apartments which had been built but not sold on the open market. In desirable locations, the Appellant was under an obligation to purchase up to 50% of the apartments built. In development areas the Appellant was bound to purchase all of the apartments. The contractor was entitled to demand that the Appellant exercise its obligation to purchase the apartments in the desirable locations, at the earliest, on completion of construction; whereas, in the case of apartments in the development areas the contractor could make its demand on completion of the frame and internal walls of the building. The contract did not limit the time in which the contractor had to present its demand for performance of the obligation to purchase, but any delay in presenting a demand beyond the times stated would influence the contractor's right to receive the full price for the apartments from the Appellant.
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Mohd Kamil, Abdul `Izz, Badruddin Mokhtar, Mohamad Tajudin Saidin, Ruth Lua Ejau, Zulkhairy Affandy Zaki, and Ahmad Arzlee Hassan. "Challenges in Conducting Strategic Decisions in Tendering among Contractors in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1067, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1067/1/012044.
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Abstract Malaysia’s construction industry is rapidly growing from time to time. The bidding decision of construction projects is a very complex decision-making process which affected by several factors. Usually, to obtain good quality, cost, time, and safety is the primary goal of the construction project, which the contractors will compete in the tendering process to get a project, and most of the construction work in Malaysia was awarded based on competitive tendering. With the limited information and time, the contractor has to decide whether to tender or vice versa. The paper aims to explore the challenges in conducting strategic decisions in tendering among contractors in Malaysia. A set of questionnaires are used to collect the data for the study. The sampling method used in this study was random sampling and quota sampling. The study only focuses on the contractors in Klang Valley as Klang valley is known as the heartland of Malaysia’s industry and commerce. The data was gathered and analysed by using SPSS. The result of this study was in the form of ranking with the mean value as the ranking indicator. As a result of the questionnaire, most respondents agree that the biggest Challenges in conducting strategic decisions in tendering are the need of the contractor to win a project. The contractor must have sufficient data in deciding to tender. Adequate information regarding the project is vital as it acts as a reference for an estimator to estimate the project cost. Estimating is a critical factor that influences the contractor’s success in the tendering and ensures that the contractor can do the work diligently as stated in the contract.
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Zuhri, Zuhri, Muhammad Isya, and Hafnidar A.Rani. "PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR KUALIFIKASI KONTRAKTOR TERHADAP KUALITAS PROYEK KONSTRUKSI JALAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 1, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i3.11775.
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The number of contractor companies, especially in the field of roads every year continues to increase. Based on data obtained from LPJK website (Construction Services Development Agency) Province of Aceh Year 2016, shows that from 2,717 road contractors in Aceh Province, 1% of them are big qualification, 10% middle qualification and 89% small qualification. The problem is from the increasing number of road contractor companies in Aceh Province, it has not been followed by an increase in qualification and performance. These improvements can be seen from the quality of work, the timeliness of completion of implementation, and the efficiency of resource utilization of personnel, capital, and technology. This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence between contractor's qualification factors on the quality of road construction project, and to know the dominant factor in contractor company's qualification affecting the quality of road construction project in Banda Aceh City. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods through questionnaires, where the respondents were addressed to 90 road contractor companies. The contractor company has implemented projects from 2010-2016, with funding sources from APBA. The independent variables reviewed are contractor qualification factors consisting of legal factors, technical factors, and administrative factors, while the dependent variable is the quality of road construction projects. The results show that the legal, technical and administrative factors all have a very high relationship to the quality of road construction projects in Banda Aceh City. The contractor's qualifying factors all have a significant effect on the quality of road construction projects in Kota Banda Aceh of 91.6%. The dominant factor in the qualification of contractor companies affecting the quality of road construction projects in Banda Aceh is the technical factor. This suggests that when engineering factors are improved by contractors, the quality of road construction projects will increase.
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Ayegba, Calistus. "Duties and Required Competencies of a Management Contractor." Journal of Construction Business and Management 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.2.1.70.
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One of the responses to the critical failings of separation of design and construction processes of traditional procurement system is the development of management contracting (MC) procurement system. Several studies have indicated MC procurement system to be most suitable for large and complex projects, when on-time project delivery is required, and when flexibility during construction is desired. Owing to the involvement of the Management contractor at both design and construction stage of projects, the management contractors play more significant role in the benefits that MC system has shown to deliver. This study aims to investigate the duties performed by the management contractor and the required competencies for a management contractor, to provide knowledge and understanding on important considerations for the selection of a management contractor. Empirical data was collected using documentary analysis of three management contracts tender documents and a semi-structured interview with a key role player of two of the management contracts in South Africa. Findings revealed the duties performed by management contractors to be multitasking, covering both the pre-construction and construction stage of building projects. Also, owing to the increased responsibilities of management contractors, the competencies required to perform as a management contractor are distinguishable when compared to competencies needed of contractors to perform in other procurement systems. The knowledge and understanding of the duties and required competencies to perform as management contractors provided in this study will help construction clients and the construction industry in the selection process, performance management and evaluation of management contractors.
Keywords: Construction procurement, Management and relationship formation duties, Management contracting procurement system, Management contractor.
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Feng, Qun, Kun Wang, Yulong Feng, Xuejun Shi, Yilin Rao, and Jia Wei. "Incentives for Promoting Safety in the Chinese Construction Industry." Buildings 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061446.
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Construction accidents occur frequently in China because the supervision of safety standards mandated by the government has not had its intended effect. In this paper, the authors propose a model to incentivize the management of safety during construction that involves the government as well as the owners and contractors in the industry. This study analyzes the principal–agent relationship involving each participant to determine their utility function and the minimum constraints on their participation, and uses this to obtain the optimal parameters to incentivize the management of safety during construction by solving for the ones related to the contractor’s effort and reward for their performance in the proposed model of incentives. Through the design of contractor incentive parameters and owner incentive parameters to further influence the government contractor and owner tripartite safety incentive model to make the model more perfect and in line with the development status of China. This study tested the proposed model using simulations. The results indicated that increasing the cost coefficient and level of the contractor’s effort increases their expected safety-related benefits, and increasing the coefficients of reward and punishment by the government reduces the contractor’s expected safety-related benefits. Moreover, the government can motivate the management of safety during construction by offering appropriate rewards and punishments. In particular, if the government increases incentives for safety, the safety-related benefits for owners and contractors decrease in the short term but increase significantly in the long term.
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Najiazarpour, Sara, and Homa Pouresfandyani. "Assessment and Selection of Contractors in Specific Contracting Projects with Supply Chain Approach, Using GRAY and AHP Methods as Decision Support." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n4p51.
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In our current conditions, it is not possible for all contractors to participate in specific construction project tenders due to the social, political and many other circumstances. Therefore, employers select appropriate contractors in two qualitative and quantitative stages; the second stage criteria are more important than the first stage. In this research, different stages for the evaluation and ranking of contractors in tenders of projects with specific conditions have been investigated. Researchers have tried to provide a comprehensive and complete approach to select a more appropriate contractor as an optimization method. In the first stage of the tender, the researchers used the GRAY method to rank contractors. In the second stage, they used AHP method to assess and rank the criteria of the contractors brought to this stage. Finally, the appropriate contractor selected and announced to the employer.
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ABDULLAH ALMALKI, ABDULMAJEED. "The effect of incentives on the speed of completion of projects in the Holy Makkah Municipality." Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing 6, no. 62 (December 2, 2023): 593–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.36571/ajsp6220.
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In this study, the researcher studies the relationship between giving incentives to contractors and the accomplishment of projects and the best types of incentives that contribute to the success of the projects. Motivation generally affects the achievement that a person does, whether at home or work, and makes him love the thing that he does, and therefore affects his psyche in several things, including. This research aims to evaluate and examine the relationship between incentives and project success and completion. This research aims to explore the effect of incentives if it implemented on the contractor performance to speed the project compellation. Will the research discover a relationship between an incentive for the contractor and the speed of project completion? And what are the best types of incentives that contribute to the success of projects? The scope of the research focused on The Holy Makkah Municipality projects and their contractors. The researcher found that giving incentives to contractors will affect the success and speed of project implementation positively. Also, the researcher found that the best incentives giving to the contractors will be Prompt payment of financial dues to contractors, giving highly efficient classification to be added to the contractor points when submitting bids, giving additional contracts to the contractors who are committed to completing their projects faster, giving Certificate of completion to be added as points for contractors upon submission of bid, and financial increase according to the short term of the project.
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Amrullah, Haidar Natsir, Mades Darul Khairansyah, Urip Mudjiono, Fais Hamzah, and Muhammad Shah. "Sub-Contractor Selection in Shipyard Companies Using Fuzzy-AHP Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1265, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1265/1/012007.
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Abstract Shipyard industries is one of the very complex construction jobs because there is much work to be done in parallel. Activities in the shipyard industry mostly involve sub-contractors. Although many advantages are obtained, involving sub-contractors in the company also has an impact on the company’s performance. The selection of the right sub-contractor is a crucial activity and will determine the company’s performance. This research uses the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process method (Fuzzy AHP) to solve the problem of selecting sub-contractors in the Shipbuilding Company. Alternative sub-contractors were evaluated and pairwise comparisons were made between these alternatives using Fuzzy AHP with a Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN) approach. The TFN scale can reduce the ambiguity of expert judgment on AHP. A case study was conducted on the selection of sub-contractors with the bottom cleaning and ship replating project at shipyard company in Surabaya, Indonesia. As a result, one of the sub-contractors selected as the best sub-contractor with a score of 0.167.
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Zain-alabdeen, Wurood R., and Sawsan M. Rasheed. "Comparison of time extension provisions between the Joint Contracts Tribunal and Iraqi Standard Bidding Document." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0063.
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Abstract Many contractors face challenges in completing the project on time due to delays arising for various reasons, including reasons beyond the contractor’s control, such as force majeure, exceptionally bad weather conditions, changes, etc. As a result, contractors submit a time extension claim to make up for lost time and set a later completion date to complete the project. Each contract has its terms for the extension of time (EOT). Therefore, the objective of this article is to study the provisions for extending the time when the reasons are beyond the control of the contractor according to Iraqi Standard Bidding Documents for Procurement of Works (SBDW) and the Joint Contracts Tribunal (SBC/Q 2016). The article also aims to show the extent of the difference between the two contracts in applying these provisions. The study found that when submitting a claim in the Iraqi SBDW, the contractor shall consider the notifications relating to it as per the specified period. Therefore, they will not be considered if claims are submitted after that period. In SBC/Q 2016, submitting a claim notice is not required to gain additional time. Therefore, the failure to provide notice does not forfeit the right to claim additional time. This study enhances the contractor’s knowledge of the terms related to the EOT under the two contracts, reducing the disputes resulting from a misunderstanding of these provisions.
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M.H., Hanafi,, Abdullah, S., Hasan, R., Ahmad, H., and Rauzana, A. "Critical Success Factors of Building Materials Availability at Construction Sites Using a Qualitative Approach." Journal of Project Management Practice 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmp.vol3no1.2.
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One of the most important elements in carrying out construction activities is the maintenance of the status of availability of construction materials at the construction site. If it fails to be prepared and maintained, the workers will not be able to perform their tasks. In fact, the motivation to perform a task will be lost and it will take a long time to return. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical success factors of material availability at the construction site. A qualitative study in the form of interviews was conducted to thirty-eight construction contractors, including fifteen suppliers who met the selection criteria of this study. The results of the study revealed six critical success factors of material availability on the construction site. These factors include the contractor's current financial status; relationship (tolerance) between contractor and supplier; work planning and scheduling; good communication between main contractors and sub-contractors, and suppliers; availability of building materials in supplier's storage; and the availability of machines, machinery and trucks. All these critical success factors that have been obtained support the findings of previous studies in the context of the availability of materials at the construction site.
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Nikolić, Marin, and Anita Cerić. "Classification of Key Elements of Construction Project Complexity from the Contractor Perspective." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050696.
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Contractors are facing an increasing degree of complexity in their construction projects. Due to inadequately prepared project plans, they have been suffering significant losses during the execution of construction projects. One of the key disadvantages of such plans is that during the planning process, a construction project is mostly defined as a linear rather than a dynamic and complex process with a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, a contractor who is in the planning phase of a construction project should consider the impact of the project characteristics on its implementation according to the elements of project complexity. In this research, we therefore first made an overview of the existing research related to the elements of project complexity. Based on the frequency of their occurrence in existing surveys, this paper singled out eight groups of complexity characteristics that contractors should be aware of during construction projects. After that, based on the frequency of occurrence in the existing surveys, fifteen elements of complexity were classified for each project complexity group. The research conducted among construction project managers identified key complexity elements of the construction project from the contractor’s perspective. Thereby, the classification of groups with the associated key elements determining the complexity of a construction project from the perspective of the contractor was performed. By properly analyzing the impact of key elements of complexity on project flow during the planning phase, contractors can be more successful when planning the project objectives to be performed.
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Gurgun, Asli Pelin, and Kerim Koc. "Contractor prequalification for green buildings—evidence from Turkey." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 6 (January 30, 2020): 1377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2019-0543.
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PurposeCompetent contractors are one of the critical stakeholders to achieve targeted sustainability objectives in green building (GB) projects. Prior to contractor selection, prequalification is an important step, which requires contractors with certain capabilities in addition to traditional features. This study aims to develop a systematic and practical model for prequalification in GB projects using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach by adopting the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).Design/methodology/approachThe AHP model with 8 main criteria groups and 25 sub-criteria is structured based on literature review and professional opinions accompanied by a pilot study. Then, interviews with experts, who are experienced in the development and application phases of GB projects in Turkey, are arranged to collect judgements. The agreement levels between different groups of experts are analysed via Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Model applicability is tested on six hypothetical contractors for practicality.FindingsThe results show that i) financial capabilities, ii) legal status and iii) sustainability groups are the top three main criteria, while i) compliance with schedule requirements of the client, ii) current legal status including suits, iii) negative litigation history records, iv) contractor's compliance capacity to client's sustainability checklist for the proposed project and v) sustainability with lower life cycle cost (durability, maintenance, constructability) are the top five sub-criteria.Originality/valueThere is a gap in the literature analysing contractor prequalification phase in GB projects. This study attempts to fill this lack provided with a practical evaluation tool.
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Paudel, Top Narayan, Subash Kumar Bhattarai, and Uttam Neupane. "Analysis of Payment Delay in Road Construction Projects: The Case Road Division Surkhet, Nepal." International Journal on Engineering Technology and Infrastructure Development 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2024): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/injet-indev.v1i1.67935.
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Payment has been an issue of major concern in the construction industry and most contractors reported that they have gone through late payment situations in government-funded projects. The issue of delayed payment in the construction industry is a global phenomenon. The objective of this research is to analyze the payment delays in the Department of Road, Road Division Surkhet construction projects. Altogether there are 61 projects under construction. Each representative from the contractor and all engineers from the Employer are selected as respondents. The Cronbach's alpha test was run, and the overall alpha value was found to be 0.978. The employer’s topmost rank is ‘unavailability of the budget under cause attributable to the employer, contractors' failure to understand the contract agreement under causes attributable to the contractor, and differing site conditions under causes beyond the party’s control. In contrast, the contractor ranks the topmost cause as unavailability of the budget, contractors' failure to follow certain procedures in a claim, and price escalation of the major construction materials respectively. The view of the employer emphasized that the delay in payment brings significant effects on the delay in project progress and creates cash flow problems for contractors with the value. Whereas contractors emphasized that the delay in payment creates cash flow problems for contractors. The employer has suggested that the contractor submit the latest progress work invoicing with adequate documents while asking for the payment to reduce the delay time in payment. In contrast, the contractor has suggested that both parties should understand the terms or clauses of payment in the project. The combined view of employer and contractor emphasized that Both parties should understand and should compel the terms or clauses of payment in the project to reduce the delay in the payment. The Hypothesis test also showed that there is a significant difference between the view of employer and contractor on the causes, effects, and possible solutions to reduce delay in the payment.
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Terman, Jessica N. "Helping Third-Party Implementers Meet Performance Obligations: A Multi-Level Examination of the Weatherization Assistance Program." Public Administration Quarterly 42, no. 3 (September 2018): 287–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491491804200301.
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Research suggests that competitive markets and contract design and management influence contractor performance. However, there is less systematic knowledge about how a government's policy-specific capacity and programmatic support to contractors influences performance. This study asks the question of what states can do to maximize the performance of contractors in the context of fiscal federalism. This question is tested in the context of the Weatherization Assistance Program, a federal program where states are specifically instructed to use third-party implementers (i.e. contractors). Specifically, I examine (1) whether state policy-specific capacity enhances program implementation support to help contractors meet their performance goals and (2) how state-provided technical assistance to government contractors can help these contractors achieve performance goals.
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Suasira, I. Wayan, I. Made Anom Santiana, I. Gede Sastra Wibawa, I. Made Tapa Yasa, and Ni Putu Ary Yuliadewi. "Analysis of contractor capacity level in following E-tender in Gianyar District." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2023): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v9n3.2300.
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The implementation of government procurement of goods/services in the Gianyar Regency is carried out electronically by E-Tendering. In practice, the participation and bid value of bidders tends to decrease both during conventional auctions and electronic auctions. This study aims to determine the level of contractors' ability to participate in e-tenders, factors that affect participation or contracts not to participate in e-tenders, and what deficiencies exist in the implementation of e-tenders in Gianyar Regency. The sample used in this study were 73 contractor companies in this Regency in the analysis of the contractor's ability level, and 43 companies in the factor and deficiency analysis where this number used the sampling method using simple random sampling technique with purposive sampling and data collection using observation from GAPENSI Gianyar Regency and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis. From the results of the analysis of contractors, the dominant qualification is K1. Therefore, the contractor's ability to participate in e-tenders is the most dominant in projects valued at Rp.0 - Rp. 1 Billion. And for the category e-tender highest in the B2 qualification with the contractor's ability level, they can participate in projects worth Rp.0 - Rp. 50 billion.
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Qu, Na, and Yong Quan Chen. "Behavioral Analysis and Countermeasure Study of “Hidden Action” of Contractors in a View of Evolutionary Game Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1305.
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In order to maximize profits as best as they can, contractors has caused low construction quality and made safety accidents repeatedly occur by taking strategy of “Hidden Action” for utilizing the vantage point of information asymmetry in process of building products. In applying evolutionary game theory, this paper will build and analyze the evolutionary game mode of client and contractor, as well as discussing countermeasures that how to reduce contractor’s behavioral choice of “Hidden Action” and promote the quality safety of construction engineering.
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Long Chen, Hong. "Empirical behavioral analysis of project contractors' supply‐chain payment terms." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 17, no. 3 (April 27, 2012): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598541211227117.
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PurposeResearchers in supply chain (SC) payment management have long sought to understand how project contractors, project owners, specialist contractors, and suppliers behave in the context of negotiating payment terms that improve contractors' SC cash flow.Design/methodology/approachUsing a single case study approach, semi‐structured interviews with contract and project managers identify behavioral patterns. An analysis of categorical experiments and Spearman's correlation tests on 118 surveys from Taiwanese project contracting corporations generalizes the case findings.FindingsThe findings suggest that payment terms of project owners, specialists, and suppliers have an important impact on contractors' working capital. The findings also reveal that contractors pass project owners' payment terms down to specialists and suppliers, suggesting that contractors' behavior depends on that of the project owners.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper generalizes the case findings via surveys, but does not assume that the reported behavior patterns apply to all business enterprises. Future research could triangulate the findings.Originality/valueThis study combines qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how the project owner‐contractor‐supplier (or owner‐contractor‐specialist) triad behaves. Particularly, it focuses on an economic sector – real estate and construction – that receives less research interest than processing or manufacturing.
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Griffith, Alan, Andrew King, and Andrew Knight. "Examining the Dynamics of Novation from the Principal Contractor's and Architect's Perspectives." Construction Economics and Building 3, no. 1 (November 18, 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v3i1.2907.
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Design and build is a popular form of procurement worldwide. In its conventional form, it is characterised by the integration between design and construction. Novation, a variant of design and build where design responsibility is transferred from designer to contractor as procurement evolves, has gained in popularity. However, the characteristics of the process, although well identified, continue to create confusion and problems for clients and contractors alike. This paper focuses on the dynamics of design and build novation from the principal contractor's and architect's perspectives. It embraces key aspects of both the pre-contract and post-contract environment. Its contribution forms a part of a major UK Government funded research project investigating design and build best practice. The findings presented in this paper broadly indicate that contractors believe novated design and build can be disadvantageous and that considerable fragmentation can be created in what should be an integrated procurement approach.
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Amalia, Citra, and Djoko Budiyanto Setyohadi. "Selection Contractors in E-Tendering Procurement Of Goods And Services Bureau Central Kalimantan Using Analysis Network Process." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 13005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187313005.
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Selection a contractor in e-tendering procurement of goods and service is an routine activity at tenders of Central Kalimantan government. It task is doing the selection against the contractors of e-tendering that offer documents are uploaded on the website of the official Bureau of procurement of goods and services of Central Kalimantan. Selection a contractor is a complicated task because it must be transparently but the problem is the system still lacks proper judgment for not explained about score points for contractors who do not win. System use fall system and not give a thorough explanation about contractors who did not win the tender. This research aims to be able to resolve the problem using Analysis Network Process to select contractor to provide the weight of each of the criteria. The criteria are administrative, price, technical, and prove the qualifications must be completed by each participant contractor who register on e-tendering. The contributin this research serve as a guide for the Bureau of procurement of goods and services and select the contractor in tenders held so a clear assessment and is open to contractors who follow e-tendering held Bureau Procurement of goods and services in Central Kalimantan.
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d, d., d. d, d. d, and d. d. "Communication Preferences of Mango Contractors: A Study on Device, Platform, and Information Quality Attributes." Asian Trade Association 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22447/jatb.10.1.202312.27.
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Purpose - This paper aimed to determine the preferences of mango contractors in Pangasinan, Philippines, regarding communication devices, platforms, and information quality.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 100 mango contractors. The respondents were asked to compare communication attributes against each other to determine which aspects held greater significance from their perspectives. This comparison was carried out following the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework and scale.
Findings - The top communication device attributes sought by mango contractors were utility and mobility, reflecting their diverse roles and the need for cost-effective and multifunctional devices. Mango contractor activities were not limited to the farm, and extend to the local and international market. Communication platforms should be able to offer information archiving and accessibility, especially for business-related transactions, since it is crucial for contractors to refer to past negotiations. These could also be the basis of business decisions of the contractors. Regarding information quality, effectiveness was the highest priority, followed by accessibility. Mango contractors require usable and highly effective information in the decision-making processes.
Research Implications - In conclusion, mango contractor preferences are based on operational nature and lifestyle. Understanding the preferences of mango contractors is crucial for designing a relevant and effective information system. Adhering to these preferences will likely increase adoption and active participation among contractors, ensuring that the information system serves their needs effectively.
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Fomina, Tetyana. "PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS AS SUBJECTS OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY." Economic discourse, no. 4 (December 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-4-7.
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Introduction. The need to set up a private enforcement institute arose from the problem of enforcement of court decisions. The activities of state executors are clearly regulated, have experience and achievements. A private contractor is authorized by the state to carry out enforcement activities, but from an economic point of view, he is a self-employed person, which means that he is financially interested in the results of his work. The economic aspect of private contractor activity is not well understood to date. Methods. The study is based on the use of the historical and comparative method in determining the prerequisites for establishing an institute of private performers in Ukraine and in the world. A generalization method was used to determine general properties in the taxation of private contractors. The efficiency of the work and the feasibility of introducing a “private” element in the enforcement of court decisions was proved by the method of analysis. The method of grouping was used to determine the taxation base for the performance of private contractors. Results. The organizational and legal aspects of the activity of private contractors have been determined. The economic advantages and disadvantages of introducing the Institute of Private Performers are presented. The procedure for recognition of income and formation of costs of private contractors is outlined. It is proved inadmissible to identify the concepts of “costs of enforcement proceedings” and “costs of private executors”. The necessity of accounting and control of results of activity of private contractors is substantiated. Discussion. Prospects for further researches will be to develop recommendations for accounting for deposit accounts; accounts intended to be credited to enforcement proceedings; accounts intended to account for the principal and additional remuneration of private contractors; payroll calculations; payments with budget for taxes, fees, other required payments private artist revenue and expenses, etc. Keywords: enforcement proceedings, self-employed entities, private contractor, remuneration of private contractor, costs of enforcement proceedings, costs of private contractor, income of private contractor.
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Mousakhani, Ehsan, Shirzad Ranjbar, and Taha Ashoori. "Identification and evaluation of criteria for selecting contractors using a risk management approach." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 1747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2018-0004.
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Abstract Transferring all or some parts of the engineering activities or supply of goods to third persons or companies is one of the adopted methods that transfer a significant part of the likely risks to the concerned side. Outsourcing activities are followed by many benefits, such as reducing overhead and operational costs, increasing efficiency, reducing risk, and so on; however, if this is not done carefully, not only is no benefit gained, but also new risks are imposed on the organization. Considering that waste of time and cost diversions of projects stem from the selection of inappropriate contractors, risk assessment is important in outsourcing. Using a risk-oriented approach based on software toward outsourcing, the present study aims to identify and rate the factors affecting the selection of contractors and to finally provide a method to evaluate and select the proper way for the selection of contractors. This method is not just based on the lowest price, but it also includes several factors that influence the selection of contractors, which is achieved by applying the Expert Choice software. At first, the most important risk factors in the selection of contractors were identified according to the conducted research. Then, the factors that had the greatest risk potential for achieving the project goals were chosen from among them. The opinions of experts were obtained in the next phase to determine the importance of various factors in the process of contractor selection, which was achieved by the distribution of a questionnaire. Subsequently, the most important factors chosen by the experts were specified, and their relationship with the contractor’s risk management was found.
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Van Schalkwyk, Linda, and Rudie Nel. "Non-executive directors: Employees or independent contractors for both income tax and employees’ tax purposes?" Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 31, 2013): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v6i2.267.
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The concept ‘independent contractor’ is one of the more contentious concepts contained in the Fourth Schedule to the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962, as amended. The classification of a person rendering services as either an ‘employee’ or an ‘independent contractor’ is relevant for both income tax and employees’ tax purposes. The objective of this article is to determine whether non-executive directors (both resident and non-resident) are employees or independent contractors for both purposes, respectively. A comprehensive literature review was done in which the meaning of the concepts ‘non-executive director’ and ‘independent contractor’ was discussed in order to gather information needed for the classification. The statutory and common law tests were then applied to determine the classification of non-executive directors as independent contractors. The conclusion reached is that resident non-executive directors could qualify as ‘independent contractors’ for employees’ tax and income tax purposes. Non-resident non-executive directors of companies are ‘employees’ for employees’ tax purposes and ‘independent contractors’ for income tax purposes.
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Yu, Vincent F., Fu-Yuan Chiang, Thi Huynh Anh Le, and Shih-Wei Lin. "Using the ISM Method to Analyze the Relationships between Various Contractor Prequalification Criteria." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083726.
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Construction contractors significantly contribute to the progress and success of projects. Contractor prequalification grants tendering rights only to competent contractors. The bidding process is one of the most critical phases in the construction industry. The project leader must assess the general, technical, and financial information of the contractors to prepare an accurate proposal and select the best contractor. In this study, contractor prequalification is considered, along with the complex relationships between various criteria. ISM is a computational method that involves a qualitative and interpretive approach to solving complex problems based on structural mapping of the connections between attributes and their subsequent transformation into a multilevel structural model. Using ISM, we establish a seven-level hierarchy for various contractor prequalification criteria, which are then grouped into four clusters based on their driving power and dependence power. The result of this study shows that ISM can be used to rank complex contractor prequalification criteria and help managers select a qualified contractor in the construction project bidding process during the strategic planning phase.
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Keung, Chung Wai, and Tak Wing Yiu. "Potential for long-term sustainability." Facilities 33, no. 3/4 (March 2, 2015): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-07-2013-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework of bidding model for maintenance contractors. Sustainability is closely linked with the maintenance of facilities or infrastructure. From maintenance contractor’s perspective, one of their key business processes is to bid projects under fierce competition. Their competitiveness is critically affected by their bidding behaviours and bid makeup selections. Design/methodology/approach – This paper aims at identifying critical and important objectives of bidding and items affecting bidding strategies and developing a bidding model for maintenance contractors. Findings – With the questionnaire surveys of 50 maintenance contractors, two critical objectives of bidding have been identified. Likewise, a total of eight critical and 12 important items affecting bidding strategy have also been identified. A bidding model for maintenance contractors is presented. Research limitations/implications – This model formulates the maintenance contractors’ bidding behaviors in a rational manner, and acts as a guideline to new and less experienced maintenance contractors to have a brief understanding about the bidding process and to assist them for establishing their own bidding strategies. With this knowledge, clients or maintenance contractors themselves would become easier to achieve their sustainability goals. Originality/value – Many academic researches on contractor’s bidding strategy emphasized on the general building works, and less attention has been given to maintenance works. Because of the fact that the community is awash with sustainability, and sustainability development is closely related to maintenance work, the business operation of maintenance contractors should be understood. This shall contribute to the achievement of sustainability goals for the society.
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Bovsunovskaya, Maria, and Maria Polishchuk. "Development of an express risk assessment in tender participation for contracting construction organizations in civil and agro-industrial construction." BIO Web of Conferences 93 (2024): 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249303032.
Full textAbstract:
Participation in a tender is an integral part of the activities of contracting construction organizations. The difficulty lies in the fact that contractors have to make a decision on participation or non-participation in the tender quite quickly from the moment the customer posts information about the procurement. Incorrect decisions made by the contractor at this stage lead to lost profits, financial losses, ineffectiveness, loss of reputation and other unpleasant consequences. To level out this situation, the paper describes existing approaches to assessing the risks of participation in tender activities, which can protect the contractor from participating in unwanted procurement. In order to assess the feasibility of participating in a procurement, the authors propose the development of an algorithm for express risk assessment of a contractor's participation in a tender, which suggests, under limited time, to make a reasonable decision on the need to participate in a particular tender. This requires a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the contractor’s main risks, which are combined into two main groups: the risk of loosing the tender and the risk of future losses. The authors propose methods for assessing risks and classifying them as high, medium and low levels. The paper provides an example of practical testing of the proposed express assessment.
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Ogbu, C. P., and N. Olatunde. "Relationship Between Organisational Effectiveness and Project Performance of SME Contractors: a Developing Country Perspective." Journal of Construction Business and Management 3, no. 2 (August 18, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.3.2.568.
Full textAbstract:
Organisational effectiveness (OE) theory provides a veritable framework for examining organisational performance. This theory has, however, made a very little inroad into construction management literature, and there are limited discussions on the domains within which construction firms can measure their OE. Besides this, the extent to which corporate OE determines a contractor's project performance is not fully understood, primarily, in the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) contractor context. Based on data from 53 projects in higher institutions in Nigeria, this study evaluated the measures of corporate OE of SME contractors and examined the contributions of the corporate OE of the firms to their project performance. By factor analysis, it was discovered that the SME contractors' corporate OE can be measured using corporate advantage, firm experience, firm certification and firm owner background. Using canonical correlation, a significant relationship was found between the OE of the firms and the measures of project performance. The analysis further revealed that project cost and quality performances are bettered by increases in firm certification and experience, although time performance tends to worsen as a result. In addition to identifying the domains for measuring an SME contractor's OE, this study shows that better firm experience does not necessarily improve a contractors' project time performance. Construction stakeholders and the public should beware of firms that only boast of an excellent corporate advantage and ownership by prominent persons in the society, but without adequate experience and certification.
Keywords: Corporate Advantage, Firm Experience, Project Performance
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Banaitienė, Nerija, and Audrius Banaitis. "ANALYSIS OF CRITERIA FOR CONTRACTORS’ QUALIFICATION EVALUATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637754.
Full textAbstract:
Selecting a construction contractor is a major decision which may influence the progress and success of any construction project. The paper analyses criteria used to evaluate qualification of contractors in Lithuania and abroad. Both in Lithuania and abroad, the bid price of construction works is the main criterion for evaluation of con‐tractors. The lowest price often cannot guarantee commitments on quality and duration of a construction project. Therefore, when selecting a contractor, a client must not only compare bid prices but also set other criteria for evalua‐tion of qualification and determine their weight. A contractor must be selected according to both quantitative and qualitative criteria, and bids should be compared. Only on the basis of quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria and by comparing bids of contractors it is possible to select a qualified, competent and reliable contractor, to evaluate its qualification, economic and financial condition and technical capability and skills and to achieve relevant results in a construction project. The paper provides an investigation of Lithuanian companies, which analyses issues related to evaluation of contractors’ qualification. The paper is completed with a discussion of the investigation results and delivery of proposals based on expert estimations of the weight of criteria for evaluation of contractors.
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Arowosafe, Oluwunmi, Olufolahan Oduyemi, Boris Ceranic, and Angela Dean. "Sustainable infrastructure delivery in Nigeria: implementation of the analytic network process for contractor selection." Sustainable Buildings 3 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2018003.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This paper presents research findings that involve the use of analytic network process (ANP) to select contractors for build–operate–transfer (BOT) infrastructure in Nigeria. To deliver sustainable infrastructure (SI), a responsive methodology is required for contractors' selection process, which combines judgement and data for an effective outcomes prediction. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretically grounded on a system theory, sustainable infrastructure delivery (SID) model has been developed in this study. At the deductive phase of the model is the integration of the ANP (a multicriteria decision-making technique) for data synthesis. To obtain decision criteria, 55 sustainability indicators for contractor selection were identified from the literature review. The criteria were first developed to a web-based questionnaire where respondents were requested to rank the importance of the criteria towards selecting contractors that deliver SI, using Likert scale of 1–5 (where “5” is very important and “1” is not important). The results were analysed using factor analysis. Data were further reduced to 16 variables after multicollinearity issues in the data set had been resolved. To weigh the relative importance of the 16 criteria among contractors, ANP methodology was adopted for the second-round questionnaire. The seven-man decision panel that completed the pairwise comparison survey was selected through a purposeful sampling technique. The final survey results were synthesised by Super Decisions (computer package that implements ANP) trial version to rank contractors' options and predict outcomes. Findings/results: Sensitivity analysis of the research findings reveals that the 16 criteria have differential comparative advantages, which requires critical judgement during contractor's pre-evaluation process. Although the overall priorities rank multinational construction corporations (MCC) higher than local construction companies (LCC), MCC are not absolute to deliver SI. LCC are sensitive to some key criteria that are critical to the actualisation SI agenda. Originality/value: This study fills the gap in the knowledge of SID in Nigeria. The study theoretically suggests a framework to harmonise sustainability indicators in contractor selection. The findings further provide feedbacks that can be incorporated to Government's Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) procurement policy to promote SID.
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Chang, Kuei-Hu. "A Novel Contractor Selection Technique Using the Extended PROMETHEE II Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3664709.
Full textAbstract:
Selecting suitable contractors directly influences product quality, corporate profits, and even sustainable development. The selection problem of contractors is, therefore, a critical issue for the sustainable development of an enterprise. However, traditional contractor selection techniques are unable to handle information regarding the relative importance of criteria or handle nonexistent or missing data in the assessment process of contractor selection. In order to effectively address this problem, this study proposes a new contractor selection technique that integrates the concept of soft set and the PROMETHEE II method to select suitable contractors. Three numerical examples are applied to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed technique. This study also compares the simulation results achieved using the proposed method with those achieved using the traditional weighted arithmetic averaging method and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The simulation results show that the proposed method is a more general contractor selection technique for handling incomplete information than the traditional weighted arithmetic averaging method and the DEA method.