Dissertations / Theses: 'Contractile units'

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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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Liu, Jeffrey Chao-Yu. "Length distribution of myosin filaments in smooth muscle and implications in the structure and function of contractile units." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52272.

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Smooth muscle is an essential component of the walls of numerous hollow or tubular organs throughout the body, including blood vessels, airways, and the bladder. Proper physiological functioning of these organs relies heavily on the appropriate activation and contraction of the smooth muscle tissue. Pathophysiological conditions may arise from both excessive and insufficient smooth muscle contraction. Muscle function is closely associated with muscle structure. More specifically, during a contraction, cyclic interactions between myosin cross-bridges and actin filaments allow for muscle shortening and force generation. Myosin molecules from smooth muscle and non-muscle cells are known to self-assemble into side-polar filaments in vitro. However the in situ mechanism of filament assembly is not clear and the question of whether there is a unique length for myosin filaments in smooth muscle is still under debate. In this study we measured the lengths of 16,587 myosin filaments in three types of smooth muscle cells using serial electron microscopy (EM). Sheep airway and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle as well as rabbit carotid arterial smooth muscle were fixed for EM and serial ultra-thin (50-60 nm) sections were obtained. Myosin filaments were traced in consecutive sections to determine their lengths. The results indicate that there is not a single length for the myosin filaments; instead there is a wide variation in lengths. The plots of observation frequency versus myosin filament length follow an exponential decay pattern. The most significant finding of this study is that myosin filaments in smooth muscle do not have a uniform length and analysis suggests that the distribution of filament length is a result of a dynamic equilibrium between polymerization and de-polymerization of myosin molecules driven by predictable probabilities of the myosin dimers to bind with and dissociate from each other.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Graduate

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Querceto, Silvia. "Biomimetic materials for novel cardiac regeneration approaches." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1211514.

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The quest for novel biomaterials to promote cell structural and functional maturation for cardiac tissue regeneration has emphasized a need to create microenvironments with physiological features. Substrate stiffness constitutes a structural property of crucial importance in the field of tissue engineering and many studies have shown how cardiac cells sense the rigidity of the substrate on which they grow. In this work, we focused on the relevance of substrates mimicking cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) rigidity for the understanding of the complex interplay between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Among the most promising biomaterials, Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (LCEs) represent a novel class of polymers previously investigated both as artificial muscles for biomedical purposes and dynamic cell scaffolds. The development of new smart materials which can provide bioactive cues to control and regulate cell fate has been recently encouraged. Indeed, mechanical cues play a significant role in maintaining cell and tissues/organs functions and, in this respect, cell models and substrate stiffness appear as intriguing tools for the investigation of cECM-cell interactions both in physiological and pathological conditions. From the perspective of materials, we have explored the fabrication of biomimetic patterned substrates to direct human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) growth and evaluate their effect on cell functional properties. In the field of regenerative medicine, the advent of hiPSC-CMs has paved the way for a patient-specific therapy but the development of more mature hiPSC-CMs is still needed. Promising approaches that have begun to be investigated include long-term culture, mechanical loading, 3-dimensional tissue engineering and, above all, the use of dynamic scaffolds to boost cell maturation by giving a mechanical stimulus. Finally, with the aim of creating an effective dynamic cell substrate, we have introduced the design of the first prototype of LCE-based biomimetic contractile unit by optimizing a miniaturization of the mechanical device. The functional properties of the contractile apparatus have been investigated and then modulated to closely reproduce the features of native myocardium. Overall, in this work we have provided an overview of some functional aspects of biomaterials which are considered of key relevance in different biomedical fields to elucidate how recent advances may impact future tissue engineering applications.

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Klass, Malgorzata. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet du vieillissement sur la fonction neuromusculaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209224.

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Résumé en français :

L’objectif de nos investigations a été d’étudier, chez le sujet humain, les mécanismes responsables de l'altération des performances motrices au cours du vieillissement. La première étude était destinée d’une part, à comparer la diminution maximale de force observée dans les différents régimes de contraction et, d’autre part, à contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine de la meilleure préservation de force pour le régime excentrique. Etant donné que jusqu’à présent, seuls des facteurs musculaires avaient été proposés afin d’expliquer les différences existant en fonction du régime de contraction, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à une éventuelle participation de facteurs nerveux.

Dans la seconde étude, nous avons testé de manière indirecte (via l’enregistrement d’activités réflexes) l’efficacité des afférences périphériques au cours du vieillissement. En effet, sous le contrôle de la commande centrale, celles-ci contribuent également à réguler le niveau d’excitabilité des motoneurones. Une moindre efficacité de celles-ci pourrait donc être un facteur supplémentaire responsable de l’altération de la fonction motrice.

Nous avons ensuite analysé (études III et IV) les propriétés contractiles et le comportement des unités motrices lors de contractions lentes et très rapides (contractions balistiques). Cela nous a permis de vérifier s’il existait chez les seniors une relation entre la diminution de force, de sa vitesse d’installation, et la stratégie d’activation des unités motrices.

Enfin, dans l’étude V, nous avons analysé la fatigabilité neuromusculaire chez les seniors, comparativement aux sujets jeunes. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié les contractions concentriques et excentriques maximales fatigantes. La fatigue n’a en effet pas encore été étudiée lors de ces deux types de contraction chez les adultes jeunes et âgés. L’objectif de cette dernière étude était surtout d’analyser la part relative des mécanismes nerveux et musculaires à l’origine de la fatigue ainsi que leur décours dans le temps en fonction de l’âge des sujets.

L’approche méthodologique utilisée nous a permis d’analyser les modifications fonctionnelles du muscle et de ses unités motrices avec l’âge. Un intérêt tout particulier a été porté aux ajustements de la commande nerveuse et à la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents. L’ensemble de nos résultats expérimentaux documentent de manière originale l’interaction étroite entre les adaptations nerveuses et musculaires au cours du vieillissement. Plus largement, notre travail doctoral contribue à une meilleure connaissance de la remarquable plasticité du système neuromusculaire chez l’homme.

Résumé en anglais :\
Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Parra, Francisco Diaz. "Benefits of unit rate contracting in the petrochemical industry." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008parrad.pdf.

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Schmid, Steven J. "Developing the best methods of internal contracting support for deployed Marine Expeditionary Units (MEU)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401602.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2001.
Thesis advisor(s): Cuskey, Jeffrey R.; Lamm, David V. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71). Also available in print.

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McKeown, Daniel. "The Effect of Hypoxia on the Neural Control of Muscle Contraction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/415265.

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The availability of oxygen (O2) is vital for maintaining neurological function during exercise. This is clear when performing exercise in low oxygen environments, such as high altitude, where reductions in O2 availability result in limitations in motor performance. However, the ongoing contribution of central and peripheral mechanisms to hypoxia-related limitations in motor performance is yet to be fully understood. A wide variety of experimental designs have been used to test motor pathways during hypoxic exposure. Indeed, there is little consistency in the literature with regards to 1) the severity of hypoxic exposure, 2) the duration of hypoxic exposure, 3) the fatigue-state of the motor system, and 4) the intensity of exercise. This Thesis presents a series of controlled laboratory experiments which assess the effects of acute hypoxia (2 hr at 80% SpO2) on central and peripheral motor mechanisms. The experiments used high-density electromyography, electrical stimulation of the motor nerve (MNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex, to clarify how motor activity is affected with hypoxia. The first experiment assessed how the firing characteristics of biceps brachii motor units (MU) were modulated by acute hypoxia when performing sustained isometric elbow flexions. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) toque remained unaffected during hypoxia, however, individuals exhibited specific changes in MU firing. Bidirectional changes in MU discharge were strongly correlated to the rate of desaturation and sensitivity to O2 availability during the titration phase. Differences in intrinsic properties of neurons, afferent input to motoneurones, neuromodulation, and sympathetic nerve activity may explain these differences. The second experiment assessed how corticospinal excitability, voluntary activation using motor nerve stimulation (VAMNS) and perception of fatigue (RPF) during brief and sustained MVCs were modulated by acute hypoxia. RPF and corticospinal excitability increased, while VAMNS decreased across the hypoxia protocol. Changes in the motor evoked potential (MEP) area and VAMNS were only seen during the brief MVCs and not the sustained MVCs. This may be due to redirection of blood flow to active areas of the motor system during prolonged contraction. The third experiment assessed how acute hypoxia altered neural mechanisms of muscle activation during, and following recovery from, a sustained submaximal (20% MVC) fatiguing contraction. MVC torque, root mean square EMG (EMGRMS), VAMNS and voluntary activation using TMS (VATMS), RPF, MEP area, and silent period duration (SP) were measured to characterise muscle activation. Hypoxia effects were only seen during the recovery phase, where VAMNS and VATMS, as well as MEP area, was reduced during acute hypoxia. This was likely due to hypoxia-related mechanisms involving supraspinal motor circuits that were impaired during the recovery phase. The fourth experiment assessed how acute hypoxia altered the neural mechanisms of muscle activation across a full range of force output once fatigued. MVC torque, EMGRMS, VAMNS and VATMS, MEP area, and SP were assessed following the sustained MVC. VATMS was reduced during hypoxia, which was not reflected in VAMNS. This indicates that acute hypoxia significantly impaired the ability of the motor cortex to voluntarily activate the fatigued muscle. This was partly due to suboptimal output from the motor cortex. Collectively, the findings of the four experiments in this Thesis provide novel evidence that a moderate acute hypoxic stimulus 1) reduces VA of a muscle during maximal and submaximal contraction due to suboptimal output from the motor cortex, 2) modulates the excitability of the corticospinal pathway, and 3) enhances perceptions of muscle fatigue during maximal, but not submaximal, fatiguing contractions. For these findings to occur, the elbow flexor muscle group needed to be sufficiently fatigued during at least 2 hr of prolonged exposure to a moderate hypoxic stimulus.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sci & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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8

Trimble, Mark Herbert 1958. "EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON THE RECRUITMENT ORDER OF MOTOR UNITS IN MAN: INDIRECT EXAMINATION BY ELECTRICALLY EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276555.

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Although the neural mechanisms responsible for the orderly recruitment of motor units have been investigated extensively, the flexibility of the underlying neural circuitry remains unclear. For example, the effects of electrical stimulation on the recruitment order of motor units is not well understood. This project was designed to study the recruitment order of motor units in man during different stimulation protocols. Examination of the compound-twitch characteristics of electrically evoked responses allowed an indirect determination of motor-unit recruitment order. The results demonstrate that the recruitment order of quadriceps femoris and triceps surae motor units differs according to the stimulation protocols used. Analysis of the compound-twitch characteristics indicated that the recruitment order of motor units during Hoffmann reflexes is similar to that of volitional muscle contractions but effectively the reverse of that during direct-motor responses. Moreover, the results suggest that cutaneous-afferent stimulation alters the recruitment thresholds of different motor unit types during the Hoffman reflex.

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Dean, Valarie Nichole. "Time Constant Analysis of Initial 'Jump' in Firing Rate of Human Motor Units During Isometic Contraction." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146201.

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Ongoing research studying the underlying mechanism and prevalence of Persistent Inward Currents (PICs) has posed a challenge to the conventional view that the firing rate of a motor unit is proportional to the amount of synaptic input it receives. Near the time of human motor unit recruitment during isometric muscle contraction, a sudden steep rise in firing rate is observed, which is suggested to result from rapid triggering of PICs, an intrinsic property of motor neurons. In evaluating the time constants associated with these steep rises in firing rate across different contractile speeds, it has been found that the time course of the steep rise is dependent on the time course of muscle contraction. This evidence suggests that the mechanism underlying this steep rise in firing rate is not PIC-associated, but rather depends on an alternate, unknown mechanism.

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Perez, Diana. "Can humans fully activate the motor units of the quadriceps femoris muscle when performing a maximal voluntary contraction?" Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69743.

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The ability to fully activate the motor units of the quadriceps femoris muscle when performing an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was assessed in 30 subjects. The twitch interpolation technique (TIT) was used to measure the increase in force superimposed on the MVC by a supramaximal shock to the femoral nerve. The superimposed force was compared to the potentiated twitch (PtP) force, and an activation ratio (A.R.) was calculated. The resting twitch (PtR) force, MVC force, and the inverse relationship between the level of voluntary force and the superimposed twitch force were also measured. Subjects were compared on the basis of activity level (15 sedentary and 15 trained) and gender (14 males and 16 females). The mean A.R. was 95% regardless of activity level or gender. Males were stronger than females but there was no difference in strength between the sedentary and trained groups. PtR and PtP force values showed the same pattern of results. The nature of the relationship between the level of voluntary force and the superimposed twitch force was curvilinear, and indicates that the TIT may not be accurate in measuring the amount of activation for a muscle as large as the quadriceps when voluntary contractions greater than 70% of the MVC are performed. The intra-subject reliability of the TIT used in this lab was acceptable (ICC = 0.78).

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Torres, Isaac, and Marvin Ross. "How can we best achieve contracting unity of effort in the CentCom area of responsibility?" Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39027.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
The purpose of this research is to investigate how to better achieve contracting unity of effort in the U.S. Central Command area of operations and the implications for other combatant commands in similar contingency situations. In the U.S. Central Command area of operations, numerous contracting agencies operate in Afghanistan, each with its own contract authority, but these agencies have little synchronization and no common operating picture. In contrast, there is only one overarching operational command authority in this area with a clear chain of command to help accomplish common objectives and achieve operational unity of effort. After completing a literature review of our topic, we conducted in-depth interviews with senior Department of Defense individuals who were knowledgeable and/or experienced with contingency contracting in the U.S. Central Command area of operations. This approach allowed us to gain detailed information and examples from our respondents. After a detailed analysis of selected interview data, we made our final recommendations on improving contracting unity of effort and increasing the effectiveness of operational contract support across the department.

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Ruangari, Supanigar. "Functional Properties Of Single Motor Units During Isometric Contraction In The Superior Head Of The Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5037.

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Aimonetti, Jean-Marc. "Réflexes et régulations d'origine proprioceptive lors de contractions volontaires : étude sur unités motrices identifiées des muscles extenseurs du carpe chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11064.

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Dans les muscles extenseurs radiaux du carpe (ecr) engages en contractions volontaires chez l'homme sain, nous avons etudie certains facteurs de modulations de la reponse reflexe ou de la decharge tonique d'unites motrices identifiees. L'efficacite du reflexe monosynaptique ia a ete etudiee en relation avec la preference manuelle. La probabilite de reponse des unites motrices aux percussions des tendons homonymes etait asymetrique en faveur du bras preferentiel seulement chez les droitiers. Quelle que soit la preference manuelle, l'amplitude du reflexe de hoffmann n'etait pas asymetrique. La plus grande reactivite reflexe aux percussions tendineuses observee dans le bras droit des droitiers resulterait d'une asymetrie de l'innervation et/ou suite a une utilisation preferentielle du bras droit pour les activites manuelles fines. Nous avons ensuite etudie les inhibitions presynaptique et reciproque ia dans les muscles ecr engages seuls en extension isometrique du carpe ou co-actives avec leurs antagonistes en fermeture de la main. Ces inhibitions etaient capables d'inverser le gain avec lequel les afferences ia issues des muscles ecr recrutent les motoneurones homonymes en affectant selectivement l'excitabilite des differents types d'unites motrices activees. Dans les unites motrices de haut seuil de force, l'inhibition reciproque estimee aussi d'apres les modulations de leur decharge tonique devenait meme une facilitation antagoniste. Sans exclure l'implication de processus supraspinaux, nous avons suggere que l'efficacite de ces deux inhibitions changeait selon la tache motrice a cause des afferences sensorielles activees, notamment cutanees. Nous proposons que l'assistance proprioceptive, qui n'est pas stereotypee comme le suggere le terme reflexe mais malleable aux exigences de la tache motrice, contribue a optimiser l'activite de differentes sous-populations d'unites motrices via des mecanismes modulateurs spinaux specifiques sous controle supraspinal.

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Llano-Diez, Monica. "Mechanisms Underlying Intensive Care Unit Muscle Wasting : Intervention Strategies in an Experimental Animal Model and in Intensive Care Unit Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk neurofysiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173466.

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Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) commonly develop severe muscle wasting and weakness and consequently impaired muscle function. This not only delays respirator weaning and ICU discharge, but has deleterious effects on morbidity, mortality, financial costs, and quality of life of survivors. Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy (AQM) is one of the most common neuromuscular disorders underlying ICU muscle wasting and paralysis, and is a consequence of modern intensive care interventions, although the exact causes remain unclear. Muscle gene/protein expression, intracellular signalling, post-translational modifications, muscle membrane excitability, and contractile properties at the single muscle fibre level were explored in order to unravel the mechanisms underlying the muscle wasting and weakness associated with AQM and how this can be counteracted by specific intervention strategies. A unique experimental rat ICU model was used to address the mechanistic and therapeutic aspects of this condition, allowing time-resolved studies for a period of two weeks. Subsequently, the findings obtained from this model were translated into a clinical study. The obtained results showed that the mechanical silencing of skeletal muscle, i.e., absence of external strain (weight bearing) and internal strain (myosin-actin activation) due to the pharmacological paralysis or sedation associated with the ICU intervention, is likely to be the primary mechanism triggering the preferential myosin loss and muscle wasting, features specifically characteristic of AQM. Moreover, mechanical silencing induces a specific gene expression pattern as well as post-translational modifications in the motor domain of myosin that may be critical for both function and for triggering proteolysis. The higher nNOS expression found in the ICU patients and its cytoplasmic dislocation are indicated as a probable mechanism underlying these highly specific modifications. This work also demonstrated that passive mechanical loading is able to attenuate the oxidative stress associated with the mechanical silencing and induces positive effects on muscle function, i.e., alleviates the loss of force-generating capacity that underlie the ICU intervention, supporting the importance of early physical therapy in immobilized, sedated, and mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

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Fink, William Michael. "An assessment of the Navy's Productive Unit Resourcing (PUR) system in use at Navy Field Contracting Activities." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22916.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The primary objective of this thesis was to critically assess the Productive Unite Resourcing (PUR) system as it is outlined in NAVSUP INSTRUCTION 7000,21A and as it being used at Navy Field Contracting Activities (NFCAs). The research was conducted by a review of current literature and extensive interviews with headquarters and field activity personnel. The research contains a review of PUR's predecessor system, the fixed workyear-cost funding methodology, an explanation of the PUR process and Procurement Cost Center algorithms, and summaries of the positive and negative impacts of PUR. Conclusions and recommendations are made concerning PUR's applicability to Navy Field Contracting Activities. Where specific problems were identified with either the process or algorithms, possible corrective actions are proposed.
http://archive.org/details/assessmentofnavy00fink
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

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Reyhani, Vahid. "Extracellular Matrix and Actin Cytoskeleton - the Control Unit of Interstitial Fluid Volume." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217027.

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The regulation of fluid (water) volume in the body is crucial for tissue homeostasis. The interstitial fluid, which comprises almost 20% of the body fluid, is stored in the loose connective tissue and its volume is actively regulated by components of this tissue. The loose connective tissue provides a path for fluid flow from capillaries to the tissue and lymphatics. This fluid is partially stored in the interstitium and the remainder is directed to the lymphatics. The fibroblasts in the loose connective tissue actively compact the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) through mechanotransduction via integrins. This in turn, maintains the interstitial fluid pressure and keeps the ground substance underhydrated. The interstitial fluid pressure is part of the forces that regulate the efflux of fluid from capillaries and keep the ground substance underhydrated. The underhydrated ground substance has a potential to take up fluid 3-fold the plasma volume. Therefore, the active contraction of the ECM via fibroblasts is crucial to prevent the risk of evacuation of fluid from capillaries. During pathologies, such as inflammation and carcinogenesis, the interstitial fluid pressure and hence the interstitial fluid volume is altered. The results presented in this thesis show that the signaling events downstream of αVβ3 integrin, collagen-binding β1 integrins, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, that induce cell-mediated matrix contraction, included paired function of PI3K and PLCγ, cofilin activation, actin turnover, and generation of actomyosin forces. Furthermore, the results highlight new potential roles for fibrin and αVβ3 integrins, for instance during clearance of edema. Notably, fibrin extravasation at inflammatory sites induced αVβ3 integrin-dependent matrix contraction, leading to normalization of the altered interstitial fluid volume. It also reprograms the expression of ECM-related genes and hence induces ECM turnover. Taken together, these results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism through which the loose connective tissue actively regulates the interstitial fluid volume.

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Giraudel, Anne. "Séparation des sous-unités (alpha) et (beta) de la tubuline : propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10200.

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La tubuline est un heterodimere forme de deux sous-unites : et. Cet heterodimere peut non seulement s'autoagreger et s'organiser pour former des microtubules, elements cles du cytosquelette des cellules eucaryotes, mais il possede aussi de multiples activites biochimiques comme la liaison d'ions, de proteines, ou de drogues antimitotiques comme la colchicine, ou encore il est le substrat de multiples reactions enzymatiques. Une etude des proprietes structurales et fonctionnelles de chacune des sous-unites a ete entreprise en mettant au point une methode de separation physique des chaines polypeptidiques des sous-unites en conditions non denaturantes. La dissociation du dimere de tubuline est obtenue en fixant specifiquement la sous-unite a une resine immunoabsorbante et en utilisant un tampon tris-hcl a un ph legerement alcalin pour eluer la sous-unite , non reconnue par l'anticorps. Cette resine est constituee de l'anticorps yl1/2, specifique de l'extremite carboxy- terminale de la sous-unite tyrosinee, couple a du sepharose 4b. L'effet du tampon tris sur le dimere de tubuline n'est pas denaturant. D'une part, des spectres de dichroisme circulaire montrent que les sous-unites isolees en tampon tris ne sont pas denaturees et conservent largement une structure secondaire tres organisee ; d'autre part, une etude de la liaison de la colchicine au dimere de tubuline montre que les parametres cinetiques de cette liaison en tampon tris a ph neutre sont identiques a ceux en tampon pem. En revanche, les sous-unites isolees, seules, ne lient pas la colchicine. La perte de fixation de la colchicine par les sous-unites isolees est donc un indice valide pour suivre la dissociation du dimere de tubuline. La fixation prealable de la colchicine au dimere diminue considerablement la dissociation du dimere de tubuline, suggerant que le domaine de fixation de cette drogue pourrait etre localise a l'interface entre les deux chaines. Enfin, dans certaines conditions de tampon, les sous-unites separees peuvent se re-associer en presence de colchicine. Compte-tenu des connaissances acquises sur le comportement de la tubuline en tampon tris, un projet de cristallisation de cette proteine a ete entrepris, conduisant a l'obtention de cristaux de tubuline. L'obtention des sous-unites de tubuline isolees en conditions non denaturantes, ainsi que l'obtention des premiers cristaux de tubuline offre de nombreuses perspectives. Ce travail permettra d'apporter de nombreuses reponses quant aux relations structure/fonction de la tubuline dans la cellule.

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Abellaneda, Séverine. "Contribution à l'étude des modifications structurelles de l'unité myotendineuse lors d'un étirement: comparaison des méthodes de neurofacilitation et du mode de contraction excentrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210281.

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Les étirements sont aujourd'hui une pratique courante dans les milieux sportifs et de réadaptation. Ils sont habituellement recommandés dans le but de contribuer à la prévention des blessures (Willson et al. 1991 ;Pope et al. 2000), à l’amélioration de la performance sportive lorsque celle-ci nécessite une amplitude articulaire importante (Heyters, 1985 ;Hortobagyi et al. 1985) et à la récupération de la mobilité articulaire dans le cadre d’un programme de réadaptation (Magnusson et al. 1996b). Ces méthodes, qui se sont développées ces dernières années, font classiquement appel à l’étirement passif et aux étirements neurofacilités (PNF), présentés initialement par Kabat (1958). Plus récemment, un intérêt particulier a été porté au travail musculaire excentrique. Des études ont montré que celui-ci permettait également d’augmenter l’amplitude articulaire (Willson et al. 1991 ;Nelson et Bandy, 2004).

Dans une première partie de ce travail, il nous a semblé intéressant de comparer les effets de l’étirement passif à ceux des étirements PNF par "contracté-relâché" et "contracté de l’antagoniste". Si les modalités d'application de chaque étirement sont différentes, elles présentent un intérêt majeur. De fait, elles permettent de faire varier les conditions d'allongement des différentes structures du système myotendineux, en modulant l'activité volontaire des musculatures agoniste ou antagoniste. En effet, si l’étirement passif s'effectue sans activation volontaire, l’étirement par "contracté-relâché" consiste à faire précéder l'étirement passif, d'une contraction volontaire maximale isométrique de la musculature agoniste. L’étirement par "contracté de l’antagoniste" associe à l'allongement de la musculature agoniste, une contraction volontaire maximale de la musculature antagoniste. Si de nombreuses études s'intéressent encore actuellement à caractériser leurs effets respectifs, elles ont déjà permis de montrer que ceux-ci avaient au moins deux origines distinctes, l'une neurophysiologique et l'autre mécanique (Taylor et al. 1990 ;Hutton, 1993). Au plan neurophysiologique, il est bien accepté que ces méthodes induisent une modulation de l'activité réflexe tonique facilitant le relâchement musculaire et par conséquent l’amplitude articulaire (Guissard et al. 1988 ;2001). Il est également bien admis que l’importance de ces effets sur la musculature est variable selon la méthode employée (Guissard et Duchateau, 2006). Au plan mécanique, des études menées chez l’animal ont montré que l’étirement passif modifie les caractéristiques viscoélastiques des tissus (Taylor et al. 1990), et de fait favorise l’allongement des tissus myotendineux (McHugh et al. 1992). Chez le sujet humain, plusieurs expérimentations ont montré que l’étirement par "contracté-relâché" permet d’obtenir un allongement myotendineux et un gain d’amplitude articulaire plus important que par étirement passif (Moore et Hutton, 1980). D’autres études ont montré que l’étirement par "contracté de l’antagoniste" permet de majorer encore les gains obtenus par l’étirement "contracté-relâché" (Osternig et al. 1990). Une première question posée dans ce travail est de savoir si la contribution des processus neurophysiologiques et mécaniques se traduit d’une manière spécifique sur le rapport de compliance des tissus de l’unité myotendineuse. Le développement de techniques d’investigation, telles que l’échographie, permet désormais d’observer le comportement de l’unité myotendineuse, d’une manière non invasive (Fukunaga et al. 1992 ;Herbert et Gandevia, 1995 ;Kuno et Fukunaga, 1995 ;Maganaris et al. 1998). Elle permet ainsi d’étudier les effets d’un étirement ou d’une contraction (Fukunaga et al. 1996) sur le rapport de compliance des structures musculaires et des tissus tendineux.

S’il était intéressant d’étudier la spécificité de ces trois méthodes d’étirement classiques par rapport à leurs effets sur les tissus myotendineux, il nous paraissait pertinent d’observer celle d’un travail musculaire excentrique. En effet, la particularité de celui-ci est de soumettre l’unité myotendineuse préalablement activée, à un allongement. En réadaptation, le travail excentrique est généralement proposé dans le but d’améliorer plus rapidement la symptomatologie d’une tendinopathie (Stanish et al. 1986 ;Alfredson et al. 1998). Des études récentes ont indiqué qu’il peut également être proposé pour augmenter l'amplitude articulaire (Nelson et Bandy, 2004). Toutefois, ses effets sur les tissus myotendineux ne sont pas clairement définis dans la littérature. Chez l’animal, Heinemeier et al. (2007) ont comparé les effets d’un entraînement en contractions concentriques et excentriques sur les tissus de l’unité myotendineuse. Leurs résultats indiquent que si les tissus tendineux sont sensibles aux deux modes de contraction pour leurs effets favorisant la synthèse de collagène, les structures musculaires sont spécifiquement sensibles au mode excentrique. Chez le sujet humain, Crameri et al. (2004) ont observé une série de contractions excentriques d’intensité maximale augmente la synthèse de collagène au sein de l’ensemble des tissus de l’unité myotendineuse. Ces résultats montrent que les effets de ce travail ne se limitent pas aux tissus tendineux, tels que certains protocoles thérapeutiques le suggéraient, et que le tissu musculaire doit désormais être associé à la discussion des effets de ce travail musculaire. Dans ce contexte, la deuxième question que nous avons posée est de savoir si l’étirement de l’unité myotendineuse préalablement activée, telle que se caractérise une contraction excentrique, modifie le rapport de compliance des tissus myotendineux par rapport aux méthodes classiques. Autrement dit, si l’étirement de l’unité myotendineuse activée favorise spécifiquement l’allongement de l’un des tissus de l’unité myotendineuse.

Dans une troisième partie, il nous a paru intéressant d'étudier le comportement à l’étirement de l’unité myotendineuse, dont la compliance était modifiée suite à une désadaptation à long terme. L’hypertonie spastique, qui caractérise une majorité de sujets parétiques spastiques, est généralement caractérisée par une augmentation anormale des résistances opposées à l'étirement passif (Carey et Burghart, 1993). L’origine de ces résistances peut être attribuée à des adaptations tant neurophysiologiques (Pierrot-Deseilligny et Mazières, 1985) que mécaniques et structurelles des tissus de l'unité myotendineuse (Berger et al. 1984 ;Tardieu et al. 1989). Il n’existe pourtant pas encore dans la littérature de consensus les définissant clairement (Fridén et Lieber, 2003). En outre, l’étude récente de Lieber et Fridén (2002) a mis en évidence des modifications de l’architecture des muscles fléchisseurs du carpe. Contrairement à ce qui est généralement proposé au sujet de la longueur des fascicules spastiques (Tardieu et al. 1982), Lieber et Fridén (2002) n’ont pas mis en évidence de raccourcissement de ces derniers. Ainsi, l’hypothèse de Tardieu et al. (1982), selon laquelle le raccourcissement des fascicules est à l’origine de l’augmentation des résistances à l’allongement, ne peut plus être soutenue. Il nous paraissait ainsi intéressant d’associer, à l’observation du comportement des fascicules, celui des tissus tendineux, dans le but de déterminer si l’une de ces deux structures présente des caractéristiques particulières, susceptibles d’expliquer le développement plus important de ces résistances à l’allongement. La troisième question que nous avons posée dans ce travail est de savoir comment se caractérise, à l’étirement, le rapport de compliance des tissus musculaire et tendineux dans un contexte de spasticité.

Outre le fait que la réponse à ces différentes questions soit fondamentale pour mieux comprendre et spécifier la pratique des méthodes d’étirement, l’objectif de notre travail est non seulement de mettre en évidence le tissu dont l’allongement est spécifiquement favorisé par l’une ou l’autre méthode, mais également de contribuer à différencier celui qui limite l’étirement global du système myotendineux. Dans ce contexte, il sera intéressant de pouvoir recommander la pratique d’une méthode particulière, en fonction des besoins spécifiques de chacun.

Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Baker, James Mark. "An assessment of incorporating quantified contract administration functions in use at Navy Field Contracting Activities into the Navy's Productive Unit Resource (PUR) system." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26893.

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Derington, John A. "The Acute Effects of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Quadriceps Torque Production and Motor Unit Recruitment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4087.

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Electric muscle stimulation (EMS) has been widely used in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries. Patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS), a specific form of EMS, has been developed to better educate muscles to contract properly. The physiological efficacy of PENS has not been quantifiably identified. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the acute effect of one PENS training session (3 sets of 10 1-sec repetitions) on maximal isometric knee extensor (MVIC) torque production and surface EMG (sEMG) in healthy nonathlete college students. DESIGN: A randomized repeated-measures design was used in this study. METHODS: Twenty-two male college students participated in the study. All participants completed two training sessions, one with PENS and one without, in a randomized crossover design. RESULTS: One bout of PENS training significantly increased MVIC (3.1% ± 1.7%, p = 0.03) which was greater than the change in MVIC of the control group (p = 0.03). Control training did not alter MVIC but resulted in significant decrease in average sEMG amplitude (-7.8% ± 1.6%, p ≤ 0.01) and peak sEMG amplitude (-10.4% ± 2.7%, p ≤ 0.01). These reductions in sEMG following control training were significantly different from the PENS group (p = 0.03 and p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that strength training in conjunction with PENS can enhance torque production after just one bout of training. The increase in torque with no change in sEMG amplitude can be explained by increased motor unit synchronization or decreased cocontraction of antagonist muscles.

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Qi, L. "Use of wavelet analysis techniques with surface EMG and MMG to characterise motor unit recruitment patterns of shoulder muscles during wheelchair propulsion and voluntary contraction tasks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1310439/.

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The high demand on the upper extremity during manual wheelchair use contributes to a high prevalence of shoulder pathology in people with spinal cord injury. The overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and wheelchair kinetics in able-bodied participants over a range of daily activities and mobility tasks requiring manual wheelchair propulsion. With a complete understanding of the muscle recruitment patterns, physiotherapists and wheelchair users can improve rehabilitation protocols and wheelchair propulsion performance to prevent shoulder pathology and maintain comfort during locomotion. Motor unit recruitment patterns were examined first during isometric and isotonic contractions to determine if spectral properties from EMG and MMG could be related to the different motor units in biceps brachii by using wavelet techniques coupled with principle component analysis. The results indicated that motor unit recruitment patterns can be indicated by the spectral properties of the EMG and MMG signals. EMG activity of 7 shoulder muscles was recorded with surface electrodes on 15 able-bodied participants over a range of manual wheelchair propulsion activities. Wavelet and principle component analysis was used to simultaneously decompose the signals into time and frequency domain. There are three main conclusions that can be drawn: 1) Uphill and faster speed (1.6m/s) propulsion required higher activity levels in the shoulder muscles and greater resultant joint force than did slow speed propulsion on the ergometer (0.9m/s), thus potentially resulting in shoulder pathology. 2) Prolonged wheelchair propulsion and greater muscle activity may result in fatigue and play a factor in the development of shoulder pain and pathology over time. 3) The instructed semicircular pattern has a positive effect on shoulder muscle recruitment patterns. Further investigations need to focus on a systematic integrated data collection and analysis of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography (EMG) data from people with spinal cord injuries.

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Aldayel, Abdulaziz A. "Comparison of acute physiological effects between alternating current and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/131.

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Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is widely used in rehabilitation and sport training, and alternating current and pulsed current EMS are commonly used. However, no systematic comparison between alternating and pulsed current EMS has been made in the previous studies. The main aim of this research was to compare acute physiological responses between the alternating and pulsed current EMS. The secondary purpose of the research was to investigate further muscle damage induced by EMS-evoked isometric contractions. Three experimental studies were conducted in the thesis project together with literature review about EMS.

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Gioux, Maxime. "Modifications des proprietes mecaniques du muscle squelettique produites par la contraction d'unites motrices. Influence d'une immobilisation prolongee d'un muscle sur ses unites motrices et ses fuseaux neuro-musculaires." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066492.

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L'etude de la contraction des unites motrices lentes du muscle peroneus longus du chat a permis de confirmer leur adaptation particuliere a la fonction posturale. Ainsi, pour des tensions tetaniques equivalentes, la resistance du muscle a de faibles etirements est plus importante pendant la contraction des unites motrices lentes que pendant celle des unites rapides. L'immobilisation limitee au peroneus longus a entraine une diminution des tensions developpees par les unites motrices qui est comparativement plus importante pour les unites motrices lentes. En revanche, l'immobilisation n'a pratiquement pas modifie la sensibilite des terminaisons primaires et secondaires des fuseaux neuro-musculaires du muscle. Il est neanmoins vraisemblable que le volume des informations proprioceptives provenant du muscle pendant son immobilisation a diminue puisque sa longueur n'a pu changer. Compte tenu des projections des afferences proprioceptives sur les motoneurones homonymes, cette reduction pourrait etre a l'origine de modifications dans le fonctionnement des unites motrices. Il est sans doute significatif que l'absence de sollicitations posturales pendant l'immobilisation du muscle agisse surtout sur les unites motrices lentes

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Wahlström, Jens. "Physical load, psychosocial and individual factors in visual display unit work /." Stockholm : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2003. http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/ah/2003/ah2003_10.pdf.

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Imramovská, Klára. "Detekce komorových extrasystol v EKG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442489.

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The thesis deals with problems of automatic detection of premature ventricular contractions in ECG records. One detection method which uses a convolutional neural network and LSTM units is implemented in the Python language. Cardiac cycles extracted from one-lead ECG were used for detection. F1 score for binary classification (PVC and normal beat) on the test dataset reached 96,41 % and 81,76 % for three-class classification (PVC, normal beat and other arrhythmias). Lastly, the accuracy of the classification is evaluated and discussed, the achieved results for binary classification are comparable to the results of methods described in different papers.

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EL-CORAB, MARIANA D. M. K. "Caracterização da crotamina e seu efeito sobre a contratilidade da musculatura lisa do ducto deferente de rato." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28041.

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Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-22T17:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T17:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
A crotamina, um peptídeo catiônico que possui 42 aminoácidos e 4,88 kDa, é proveniente do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus. Ela apresenta características que permitem sua forte interação com alvos moleculares e membranas biológicas e assim foi o primeiro peptídeo de veneno a ser classificado como um CPP (cell penetrating peptide), justificando seus importantes efeitos biológicos e suas diversas atividades farmacológicas. A crotamina é descrita por sua atividade miotóxica, tendo como efeito a paralisia e espasmos das patas traseiras de ratos e camundongos. Esse fenômeno é descrito por ações em canais de Na+ e/ou K+ e consequente aumento do influxo intracelular dos níveis do íon Ca2+. Estudos a descrevem como um agente despolarizante utilizando a musculatura esquelética como modelo experimental. Outra atividade descrita da crotamina é um aumento na liberação basal de acetilcolina (ACh) e dopamina no sistema nervoso central de ratos. Até o momento, pouco ou nenhum estudo foi realizado em musculatura lisa. A junção neuromuscular autônoma difere em vários aspectos importantes da já conhecida junção neuromuscular esquelética. O ducto deferente de rato (DDR), um órgão par e tubular pertencente à genitália acessória masculina, foi utilizado como modelo experimental por ser um dos órgãos periféricos mais densamente inervados pelo sistema nervoso autônomo simpático. Esse fato, o torna uma importante ferramenta para estudos que envolvam a neurotransmissão e a ação de drogas adrenérgicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar o efeito da crotamina na contração da musculatura lisa. A crotamina foi isolada a partir do veneno de C. d. terrificus por cromatografia de exclusão molecular seguida de troca iônica. Os estudos em modelos animais foram realizados utilizando o DD (porção prostática) de ratos Wistar com 5 meses de idade entre 350 g (protocolo CEUA 1261/14). O estudo de neurotransmissão foi feito em sistema de órgão isolado (n=6) por estimulação elétrica transmural com tensão de 70V, 3ms de duração em frequências de 0,05 (30 min) e 1; 5 10 e 20Hz (30 seg). A contração isométrica foi registrada em gramas de tensão. Em todos os experimentos a crotamina (0,1;0,5 e 1g/ml) incubada 30 min antes da estimulação. O efeito máximo de contração (Emax) do componente fásico e tônico foi usado como medida. O componente pós-sináptico foi avaliado por meio de curvas dose-resposta de noradrenalina e dose única de ATP (10-3M) na presença ou ausência da crotamina. A diferença estatística foi avaliada pelo teste-t de student (P0,05). Os ensaios de estimulação elétrica de baixa frequência (0,05Hz) revelaram que a crotamina (0,1 e 0,5g/ml) promoveu uma diminuição da contração do DDR (95,7±4,6% e 85,4±5,9%, respectivamente) enquanto que na dose de 1 g/mL de crotamina este efeito não foi significativo. Na curva de freqüência observamos também com as mesmas concentrações de crotamina uma tendência à diminuição da contração fásica e tônica enquanto que a dose de 1 g/mL promoveu um aumento na contração fásica na freqüência de 20,0Hz ((3,2±0,3) em relação ao controle (2,2±0,2). O componente pós-sináptico não foi alterado pela crotamina conforme evidenciado pela curva concentração-resposta de noradrenalina e concentração única de ATP. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluímos que a crotamina atua apenas no componente pré-sináptico da contração do DDR, provavelmente interferindo na neuroliberação de ATP e noradrenalina. Ela apresenta um efeito bifásico, dependendo da dose utilizada, inibindo ou potencializando a resposta, efeito semelhante ao da -defensinas, uma proteína cuja estrutura se assemelha bastante com a da crotamina.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Rodrigues, Patrick. "Thermoregulatory and neuromuscular responses to passive heating in 42°C hot water." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/214197/1/Patrick_Rodrigues_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined the thermoregulatory and neuromuscular responses to passive heating in 42 °C hot water. The data suggest that hot-water immersion at 42 °C is an efficient, safe and tolerable method for passive heating therapy. Moreover, a single session of hot-water immersion can increase rapid force production and improve muscle contractile function. Findings from this thesis indicate that passive heating via hot baths may improve physical function in the older and patient populations and assist healthy people during sports injury recovery.

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Ruiz, Aguilera Philip Frank. "Le financement de projet en droit privé colombien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020071.

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Le financement de projet est toujours présenté comme une technique financière permettant de réaliser des ouvrages de grande envergure. Il en résulte qu'il est une solution appropriée pour les projets qui demandent des fonds considérables pour sa réalisation et qui peuvent être externalisés sans que le poids de l’endettement pèse sur le bilan du promoteur du projet. Il peut être défini comme l’opération qui se caractérise par la mise à disposition d’une entité intermédiaire, dite entité de projet ad hoc, des fonds nécessaires pour la réalisation d’un projet spécifique où les bailleurs de fonds acceptent de limiter, en tout ou en partie, leurs recours au titre du remboursement de leurs prêts, sur les revenus engendrés par l’exploitation du projet ainsi que sur les autres actifs de celui-ci. Ce type de financement révèle l’existence d’un ensemble contractuel adéquat permettant, en même temps, de maîtriser les risques du projet et impliquant un régime qui lui est propre
Project Finance is always presented as a financial technique which allows to carry out works of great scale. It is a suitable solution for projects which require considerable funds in order to be accomplished and which can be outsourced avoiding the weight of the debt weighing on the balance sheet of the sponsor of the project. It can be defined as an operation in which there is a provision of the required funds for the realization of a specific project by an intermediate entity, known as the “ad hoc project entity”. In such operation the lenders agree to limit, totally or partly, the reimbursement of their loans to the incomes generated by the exploitationof the project as well as to the other assets of such project. This kind offinancing reveals the existence of an adequate “contractual unit” which allows, at the same time, to control the risks of the project and which implies its own legal regime

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Magnani, Dicarla Motta. "Caracterização e comparação de alterações miofuncionais em pacientes com queimadura de segundo e terceiro grau em face e cervical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-26022015-143354/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Sequelas de queimaduras na morfologia e mobilidade das estruturas motoras orais e nas funções orofaciais como mastigação, deglutição e fala não são incomuns em pacientes que sofreram queimaduras graves na região de cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características dos movimentos motores orais e da mímica facial em pacientes com queimaduras de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo observacional, realizado com pacientes que sofreram queimaduras na cabeça e pescoço e que foram encaminhados para a Divisão de Funções da Face - Queimados de um hospital público brasileiro, entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2013, para avaliação e reabilitação. Somente pacientes com queimaduras de segundo grau (superficial e profunda) e queimaduras de terceiro grau em face e pescoço foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, que incluiu: avaliação motora oral (postura, posição e mobilidade dos órgãos motoras orais e desempenho durante a mastigação e deglutição); avaliação da amplitude mandibular; avaliação da mímica facial. Para fins de caracterização, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 - pacientes com queimaduras de segundo grau superficial; G2 - pacientes com queimaduras de segundo grau profunda e terceiro grau. RESULTADOS: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 40 pacientes: G1 com 19 indivíduos e G2 com 21 indivíduos. A análise estatística indicou que as contraturas e cicatrizes hipertróficas tem impacto negativo sobre o sistema miofuncional orofacial. A pontuação global obtida para avaliação clínica dos órgãos motores orofaciais indicou que tanto os pacientes de segundo grau como de terceiro grau apresentaram déficits relacionados à postura, posição e mobilidade dos órgãos motores orofaciais. Considerando a mímica facial, os grupos diferiram significativamente ao realizar movimentos faciais voluntários. Os pacientes também apresentaram limitação na medida de abertura oral máxima. Os déficits foram maiores para os indivíduos do G2 em todas as avaliações. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com queimaduras de cabeça e pescoço apresentam déficits significativos relacionados à postura, posição e mobilidade das estruturas miofuncionais orais, incluindo os movimentos da mímica facial. Estes pacientes devem ser considerados de risco para o desenvolvimento de futuras desordens temporomandibulares
INTRODUCTION: Burn sequelae on oral motor structures morphology, mobility and functions such as mastication, swallowing and speech are not uncommon in patients who suffered severe burns to the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the oral-motor movements and facial mimic in patients with head and neck burns. METHODS: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with patients who suffered burns to the head and neck and who were referred to the Division of Orofacial Myology of a Brazilian public hospital, between January 2013 and December 2013, for assessment and rehabilitation. Only patients presenting second (i.e. superficial and deep) and third degree burns to areas of the face and neck were included in the study. Patients underwent clinical assessment that included: an oral motor evaluation (i.e. posture, position and mobility of the oral motor organs and performance during mastication and swallowing); assessment of the mandibular range of movement; assessment of the facial mimic. For characterization purposes, patients were divided into two groups: G1 - patients with superficial second degree burns; G2 - patients with deep second and third degree burns. RESULTS: Our final study sample was composed by 40 patients: G1 with 19 individuals and G2 with 21 individuals. Statistical analyzes indicated that contractures and hypertrophic scars have a negative impact on the oral myofunctional system. The overall scores obtained in the clinical assessment of the oral motor organs indicated that both second and third degree patients presented deficits related to posture, position and mobility of the oral motor organs. Considering facial mimic, groups differed significantly when performing voluntary facial movements. Patients also presented limited maximal incisor opening. Deficits were greater for individuals in G2 in all assessments. CONCLUSION: Patients with head and neck burns present significant deficits related to posture, position and mobility of the oral myofunctional structures, including facial movements. These patients should be considered at risk for developing future temporomandibular disorders

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Černiauskaitė, Ina. "Slaugytojo vaidmuo prižiūrint centrinius venos kateterius reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_192344-28544.

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Darbo tikslas. Ištirti slaugytojo vaidmenį prižiūrint centrinių venos kateterius reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuje. Darbo uždaviniai. Nustatyti centrinės venos kateterizacijos įtaką pagrindiniams pacientų gyvybinių funkcijų rodikliams. Ištirti, kokios dažniausiai pasitaiko centrinių venų komplikacijos ir jų priežastis. Išsiaiškinti slaugytojo veiksmus, padedančius sumažinti komplikacijų atsiradimo riziką. Ištirti reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos slaugytojų centrinių venų kateterių priežiūros žinias . Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Teorinė mokslinės literatūros, leidinių, publikacijų apžvalga. Dokumentų analizės metodas (panaudotas pacientų su centrinių venų kateteriais tyrimui). Asmeninio stebėjimo metodas. Atliktas 97 pacientų po centrinių venų kateterizacijų, pagrindinių gyvybinių funkcijų stebėjimas reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuje. Reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos slaugytojų anketinė apklausa žinioms ištirti, dirbant su centrinių venų kateteriais. Gautų rezultatų aptarimas ir jų analizė. Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant „Microsoft Office Excel 2003“ ir SPSS 16,0 for Windows versijos statistinę programą Tyrimo rezultatai ir išvados. Tam, kad būtų išsiaiškintas slaugytojos vaidmuo prižiūrint centrinius venos kateterius buvo atliktas stebėjimo tyrimas pacientų po centrinių venos kateterizacijų. Tyrimo metu Vilniaus Universiteto ligoninėje Santariškių klinikos I reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuje nustatyta, kad centrinių venos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The goal of the study: to determine the role of a nurse in the maintenance of the central venous catheter (CVC) in the resuscitation and intensive care department. The objectives: to determine the influence of the central venous catheterization to the indexes of the main vital functions of the patients. To specify the most frequent venous complications and the reasons why they occur. To find out what nurses’ actions can reduce the risk of complications. To examine the professional knowledge of the nurses who work with central venous catheters in the resuscitation and intensive care departments. Research material and methods. Theoretical review of scientific literature, publications and articles. Document analysis method (utilized for the reasearch of patient’s with central venous catheters). Personal observation method. Observation of the main vital functions of 97 patients after central venous catheterization in the resuscitation and intensive care department. The questionnaire-based survey in order to examine the professional knowledge of the nurses who work with central venous catheters in the resuscitation and intensive care department. Discussion and analysis of the obtained results. Analysis of the statistical data using the Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and SPSS 16,0 for Windows software packages. The results and conclusions of the study. In order to determine the role of a nurse for the maintenance of central venous catheter, the observation research was conducted with... [to full text]

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31

Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. "Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.

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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009
Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.

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Grande, Giovanbattista. "Ia afferent input alters the recruitment thresholds and firing rates of single human motor units." 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ71585.

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Kinesiology and Health Science.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ71585.

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chang, chia-yun, and 張嘉云. "The Challenge and Situation In Purchase of Service Contracting-out The Case of long-term care related Sponsor which is business units in Hsinchu area." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04269807737572934144.

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碩士
玄奘大學
社會福利學系碩士班
99
Due to the population of elderly is growing fast, the lone-term care, live problem and retirement service became serious problems. When the Chronic diseases and Dysfunction patient is growing fast, the Acute medical has not been satisfied those who cannot self-care and Dysfunction. Compared with long-term care has been considerable attracted attention. Nowadays, there are 74.53% people was served by long-term care in Taiwan, in which Hsinchu county utility rate up to 75.03%. That are higher than average of all over the country result in the lone-term care became more Importance in Hsinchu area. When the Demand of long-term care rises, we have to increase the social welfare due to the government’s simplification policy and source of wealth is unstable, the government is going to substitute the social welfare service to purchase of service and Contracting-out with private institute. In the government’s policy, they are not only universalize the social welfare but also expect professional purchase of service which in business unit. Therefore, the government has the right to supervise and manage. However, the problem of population in social welfare and execution for private institutes lead to the low stability of this job as well as the insufficient right for staff in Hsinchu area. Due to they can’t supply the continue forever service, the conflict between the proposal of organizer and real service become serious. Herein, we are going to study the case of long-term care in Hsinchu area particular about the challenge and situation in purchase of service contracting-out. There are three research objects. 1.To realize the situation of Service Contracting-out and future development. 2.The strait and challenge of Service Contracting-out organization. 3.To discuss the gap between exception and real for long-term care in Hsinchu area. The Second Chapter, We discussed variety of reference which is history of Taiwan’s social welfare privatization, and furthermore. We could realize the procurement act of social welfare. Finally, we would discuss the situation and challenge in case of long-term care object. The Third Chapter, we employed the Qualotative Research and Deep Interview Method to analyze the results, and further to respond our research proposal. The Forth Chapter is result and discussion: the first section would introduce the preliminary stage of purchase service, then further to discuss why the private institute would like to carry on government’s business; second section, to realize the predicament from those different background institutes; third section, to realize those private institutes how to employ relative resource or adjust administration way to overcome their predicament. The result of Fifth Chapter could separate to five point including the limited human resource, development and breakthrough; to establish the concept of social welfare; to make public the procedure of government’ subsidized and application fees; how to use social resource; reconsider the meaning of purchasing service. Since the result, we discovered the private institutes cooperate with government step by step for overcome the predicament and reductive professional; The government, private institutes and family shared responsibility for the work in purchasing service, and we also establish the concept of purchasing service at the same time. Furthermore, we can change the advertising mechanism followed by improving the social welfare. Finally, we still have to consider the private of institutes is necessary to carry on purchasing service if they cannot reach the target. Final discussion and suggestion are separated to following point: first, to offer a steady development mechanism; second, to emphasize the manpower training improves the group’s cohesive force; third, to receive the personal suggestion change the service way; forth, to offer the special advertisement depend on special area; fifth, change the fundraising way; sixth, reconsider the meaning of purchasing service. The above are my personal opinions.

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Chen, Shui-Yu, and 陳水友. "A change research of Kinmen County cleaning unit organization and function – The viewpoint that the government public service business Contracting-out." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u93awb.

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碩士
銘傳大學
社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
95
In 2001, after the review in Executive Yuan passed "the promotion government business Contracting-out plan", its most main purpose is: Adjust the government role and working talent and model to navigate the new government, reduce the government public finance burden and promote public ministrant efficiency and the quality. But from implement, its result is limited, with Environmental Protection Administration tried to do to push "2004 Contracting-out garbage disposal plan to 2006" for example, after trying the central stop subsidy budget of doing the period expires, the one who continue carry out the outsourcing project, have 6 townships only ., is whole country 319 total amount of 1.88%, and all belong to townships, the Outskirts region and the Taiwan outside region, be subjected to oneself the conditional restriction of the host and guest view, all there is no way carrying out"garbage disposal outsourcing" work, the difficulty that proves "the government business Contracting-out plan" the work to push in the local government. This research will with Document Analysis , public policy analysis method etc. study the region of the government business Contracting-out plan policy at Kinmen promotes of feasibility, in depth interviewing, choice have something to do with government business of the policy decision maker, councilmen and the policy legalizes, policy performance, the policy benefit group etc. accounts 22 people, joining the government the plan support, current personnel setting the guidance, the outsourcing promotes of resistance, the integration needed, to outsourcing of worry in uncertainty, the will that promote, cleaning unit work satisfaction, public benefit...etc. face to analysis, to understand the region in Kinmen because of the proper method of the ground system, and compare with parts of country in Taiwan Province an explanation of "garbage disposal outsourcing" promoted, oneself actual situation work experience, the way that put forward to manage to can go with the business function from the aggressive organization, from existing reform inside the system, dissolved for long time the society''s criticize to the public agent"organization come to a deadlock the efficiency low, the function is not easily seen to waste resource". At government push "organization reform" moment, suggestion with increase by the originally with cover the Osborne & Gaebler,(1992) lay claim to of" Entreprenurial Budgeting ", increases the flexibility to turn and organize the laws loosens to explain, can make the local government of the country organization increasingly sound, the government business function more shows, with the most economical social cost, push organization and function reform, by different roads lead to the same goal , reach the policy target of promoting"".

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Ferreira, Mariana Marques. "Reporte e divulgação dos indicadores de qualidade - O Caso do Barómetro da USF CelaSaúde." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94411.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Gestão apresentado à Faculdade de Economia
O presente relatório expõe o período de estágio curricular desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão, o qual foi realizado na Unidade de Saúde Familiar CelaSaúde, entre 15 de outubro de 2019 e 28 de fevereiro de 2020, e aborda com maior detalhe o tema e as tarefas desempenhadas no âmbito do Reporte e Divulgação dos Indicadores de Qualidade.Neste sentido, destaca-se a importância da qualidade no Serviço Nacional de Saúde assim como, a contribuição da divulgação dos indicadores para fomentar a qualidade, sendo esta uma das principais prioridades das instituições de saúde.O reporte e divulgação dos indicadores é obrigatório por lei. O processo fomenta a prestação de contas das instituições do Serviço Nacional de Saúde e permite avaliar a eficiência da atuação das respetivas instituições na prestação de cuidados de saúde primários, sendo esta monitorização executada por entidades externas.A referida avaliação é extremamente importante para garantir a segurança e a confiança dos utentes e dos cidadãos em geral nas instituições que prestam cuidados de saúde. Indiretamente, espera-se com este processo melhorar a qualidade dos próprios serviços.Previamente à divulgação dos indicadores de qualidade, as instituições têm que elaborar uma análise relativa aos mesmos. Na Unidade de Saúde Familiar CelaSaúde, essa avaliação realiza-se trimestralmente, a fim de, para além de se conhecer a situação atual, se perceber quais as alterações ocorridas, desde o último ato de divulgação, avaliar a eficácia das ações corretivas adotadas e identificar novas medidas que poderão ser implementadas com vista a melhorar o desempenho, caso se justifique.Este processo é permanente pois pretende-se melhorar continuamente a qualidade da forma de atuação dos profissionais e das instituições de saúde no momento da prestação de cuidados de saúde.Durante o estágio, foi possível realizar a análise dos indicadores em dois períodos de tempo, setembro e dezembro de 2019 sendo que este último coincidiu também com o fim do ano em curso, no qual foi também feita uma apreciação do ano 2019.
The present report exposes the curricular internship period developed within the scope of the Master in Management, which it was carried out at the CelaSaúde Family Health Unit, between October 15, 2019 and February 28, 2020, and it addresses the topic in more detail and the tasks performed in the scope of Reporting and Disclosure of Quality Indicators.In this way, the importance of quality in the National Health Service stands out, as the contribution of the disclosure of indicators to promote quality, being this one of the main priorities of health institutions.Reporting and disclosure of indicators is required by the law. The process promotes accountability of the institutions of the National Health Service and it allows to evaluate the efficiency of the performance of the respective institutions in the provision primary health care, this monitoring is carried out by external entities.This assessment is extremely important to ensure the safety and confidence of users and citizens in general in the institutions provide health care. Indirectly, with this process expected to improve the quality of the services themselves.Prior to the disclosure of quality indicators, institutions have to carry out an analysis relating to them. At Family Health Unit CelaSaúde, this assessment is carried out quarterly, in order to, in addition to know the current situation, to perceive the changes that occurred since the last act of disclosure, to evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective actions adopted and to identify new measures that can be implemented in order to improve performance, if they justified.This process is permanent because it intended to continuously improve the quality of the way professionals and health institutions work when they provide health care.During the internship, it was possible to carry out the analysis of the indicators in two time periods, September and December 2019, the latter being also coincided whith the end of the current year, in which an assessment was also made of the year 2019.

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Gillis, Robert Francis Fraser. "Finding genetic elements that head to the autistic phenotype." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7622.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contractile units'

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