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Journal articles on the topic 'Contract-based Design'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Winokur, Michael, Susanne Graf, and Bernhard Josko. "Contract-based System Design - The SPEEDS Approach." INCOSE International Symposium 18, no. 1 (June 2008): 2477–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2008.tb00928.x.

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2

Nešić, Damir, Mattias Nyberg, and Barbara Gallina. "Product-line assurance cases from contract-based design." Journal of Systems and Software 176 (June 2021): 110922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110922.

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3

Kiyeng, Denies, Simon Maina Karume, and Nelson Masese. "Design of Blockchain Based Smart Contract for Tendering." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 10 (October 2021): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1010.1002.

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Information technology is the backbone for all 21st century organizations that are looking forward to offer better customer service and gain competitive advantage. Today, blockchain technology is being adopted by a number of organizations such as financial services, healthcare, agriculture and even government. . However, the tendering sector have not been able to take advantage of the new blockchain technology, owing to the absence of blockchain based frameworks and a model for secure tendering. This study focuses on block-chain with its BYOE (Bring Your Own Encryption) concept in the procurement sector. The research comes up with a design of a blockchain based smart contract model for organizations in Kenya following ASD approach. In addition a discussion of challenges and opportunities of Blockchain based tendering is also presented.

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4

Kolesnichenko, Alexey, Christopher M. Poskitt, Sebastian Nanz, and Bertrand Meyer. "Contract-based general-purpose GPU programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2936314.2814216.

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Mengoni, Maura, Margherita Peruzzini, Roberto Raffaeli, and Damiano Raponi. "A Web-based Platform to Support Contract Furniture Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 11, no. 5 (April 16, 2014): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2014.902684.

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6

Chen, Baike, Yuxia Rong, and Zhaoxia Jing. "Generation Revenue Regulation and Incentive Contract Design in Electricity Market." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125201009.

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In order to curb market power, encourage investment and redistribute welfare, revenue regulation should be carried out in electricity market. The incentive contract represented by the Contract for Difference is a kind of regulation. This paper proposes a Government Authorized Contract based on Revenue Estimation Method (REM) from the perspective of regulating generation revenue. First, the principle and design of the Vesting Contract in Singapore electricity market is employed, analyzing its limitations in regulation. Then, the incentive contract based on REM is presented in four steps. Finally, the IEEE30 node classic system is adopted to demonstrate the proposed model, showing that it can promote generators to bid rationally.

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Xu, Lan, Paul Tu, and Qian Tang. "Contract Design for Cloud Logistics (CL) Based on Blockchain Technology (BT)." Complexity 2020 (April 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5305808.

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Purpose. This paper aims to design the contract and present the profit distribution mechanism for CL platform, so as to realize the intelligent and automatic operation of the artificial intelligent- (AI-) based CL platform. Design/Methodology. A smart contract based on BT is designed for the AI-based CL platform. Profit distribution mechanism based on the Nash bargaining model for the CL platform is also put forward to coordinate different participators’ benefit relationship in CL. Findings. The AI-based CL platform and the proposed smart contract based on BT map the scenario which may be influenced by human factors and involve trust issues onto execution of codes. Practical Implications. The study will help CL practitioners in establishing effective profit mechanism and designing contracts on the platform, thus facilitating its sustainable operation. Originality/Value. The AI-based CL platform with BT smart contract can be totally free of human intervention, and hence, the problems of trust during CL platform’s operation are solved.

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Huang, Jiahui, Yuzhuo Shan, and Yining Wang. "Design and implementation of NFT-based system." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 32 (February 12, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v32i.4929.

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Blockchain technology is one of the hottest internet techniques by far, and the NFT is a novel digital collection based on blockchain technology. In 2017, two interesting applications emerged on Ethereum, CryptonPunks, and CryptonKitties, As CryptonKitties is an example, each kitty has a unique DNA number, taking on a different appearance and temperament. These two applications have revolutionary significance for the non-fungible token proposal and practical scenario application. In this experiment, We used the Ethereum platform in the Solidity language to implement a set of digital currency systems based on NFT. It’s named CoinCoin.Smart contracts are the way we implement all the functions. Through the smart contract, it can realize its minting, trading, and other functions. The implementation of functions will be simulated on the Remix platform. Mastering NFT’s smart contract could be able to provide a new ecosystem for the encryption industry and have a profound impact on the digital asset across multiple industries, such as games, art, and digital assets. Our system can provide a reference for the implementation of the NFT smart contract and bring experiences for the further deeper research.

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Zhao, Nan, Minghu Wu, Wei Xiong, and Cong Liu. "Cooperative Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks under Asymmetric Information: A Contract-Theory Based Approach." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/676195.

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By exploiting the spatial diversity of multiple wireless nodes, cooperative communication technique is a promising technique for spectrum sharing to improve spectrum efficiency. In this paper, the incentive issue between relay nodes’ (RNs’) service and source’s relay selection is investigated in the presence of the asymmetric information scenario. Multiuser cooperative communication is modelled as a labour market, where the source designs a contract and each relay node decides to select a contract item according to hidden information in order to obtain the best profit. The optimal contract design under both symmetric information and asymmetric information is presented based on contract theory. The contract-theoretic model for ability discrimination relay selection is formulated as an optimization problem to maximize the source’s utility. A sequential optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimalrelay-rewardstrategy. Simulation results show that the optimal contract design scheme is effective in improving system performance for cooperative communication. This paper establishes a valuable cooperative communication mechanism in cognitive radio networks.

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10

Selviaridis, Kostas, and Andreas Norrman. "Performance-based contracting for advanced logistics services." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 6 (July 6, 2015): 592–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-11-2014-0267.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore key challenges of adopting, designing and managing performance-based contracts (PBC) for advanced logistics services, as seen by providers. The shift toward performance-based solutions has proved challenging since providers often struggle to link performance to their payment. Despite such managerial challenges, empirical research in this area has been limited. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-case design was adopted. Three cases of logistics service providers were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected through 38 semi-structured interviews and review of 43 documents such as contracts and customer target letters. Findings – Key PBC adoption challenges include customer and provider intention to align their goals and incentives as well as their views on risk and reward sharing. Contract design challenges center around performance metric definition and weighting, designing performance monitoring systems that consider service co-production effects and help improve customer relationship and designing incentives with appropriate intensity levels. Contract management challenges include fostering provider pro-activity, provider changes in terms of processes and resource investments, perceived fairness of designed incentives and contract re-design to allow for win-win relationship outcomes. Research limitations/implications – The study empirically contributes to extant logistics service provider literature by identifying specific challenges that extend also beyond PBC adoption and design and cover contract management (and potential contract re-design). It also unpacks the notion of performance attributability by analyzing its role also in terms of contract and performance management as well as its potential effects on customer relationship management. Practical implications – The study presents implications for logistics provider managers regarding how the observed PBC challenges can be overcome. Originality/value – The study unearths several challenges of PBC for advanced logistics services, particularly in connection to contract management and re-design.

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Ge, Xianyun. "Smart Payment Contract Mechanism Based on Blockchain Smart Contract Mechanism." Scientific Programming 2021 (December 2, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3988070.

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In recent years, blockchain technology has become a hot topic in various industries. With the development and maturity of blockchain technology, it has been applied to finance, law, etc., with its advantages of decentralization, openness, information security, and concealment. The application scenarios of industry are becoming more and more abundant. Compared with the traditional TPA payment contract form, the smart contract mechanism based on blockchain technology is obviously more efficient, convenient, and safe. Against this background, we design a smart payment contract suitable for cloud storage by studying Ethereum. The relationship clause in the smart payment contract should be regulated around the contract law. The smart contract payment linkage clause can be classified into three forms, including conditional effective type, contract joint type, and contract link type, which correspond to the contract law. Therefore, the contract legal system for smart contract payment linkage clauses should follow typified thinking. Based on blockchain technology, smart contracts not only reduce the number of interactions in contract execution but also allow users to stop paying for cloud services when data is lost or damaged. The precise method is to generate each node with a private chain and place the smart contract on the private chain. With the decentralization of the blockchain private chain, the advantages of read-only data, and traceability of information, the storage of smart payment contract data is more secure. Both parties to the transaction are more trustworthy. Therefore, the proposed system has a safe and efficient smart contract payment mechanism, which brings a good user experience to users, which proves the significance and value of this research.

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12

Gaoshan Wang, and Tao Yu. "Incentive Design of Tacit Knowledge Sharing Based on Psychological Contract." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 4, no. 15 (August 31, 2012): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol4.issue15.16.

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13

Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Alberto, Werner Damm, and Roberto Passerone. "Taming Dr. Frankenstein: Contract-Based Design for Cyber-Physical Systems*." European Journal of Control 18, no. 3 (January 2012): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejc.18.217-238.

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14

Nuzzo, Pierluigi, Huan Xu, Necmiye Ozay, John B. Finn, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Richard M. Murray, Alexandre Donze, and Sanjit A. Seshia. "A Contract-Based Methodology for Aircraft Electric Power System Design." IEEE Access 2 (2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2013.2295764.

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15

Prajapati, Harshad B., and Vipul A. Shah. "Design of contract net protocol-based distributed image processing system." International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems 12, no. 3 (2014): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2014.060623.

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16

Yang, Ping, Xiaolei Yang, and Jianwei Li. "Intelligent contract design based on block chain in logistics management." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 612 (October 19, 2019): 032003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/612/3/032003.

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17

Liu, Hao, Haodong Chen, Hengyi Zhang, Haibin Liu, Xingwang Yu, and Shiqing Zhang. "Contract Design of Logistics Service Supply Chain Based on Smart Transformation." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106261.

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A logistics service integrator (LSI) usually requires a logistics service provider (LSP) to carry out smart transformation in order to improve the level of logistics service. However, LSP’s smart transformation faces uncertainty in terms of investments and income, which seriously hinders LSP’s enthusiasm for logistics service innovation. In this paper, we construct a logistics service supply chain (LSSC) consisting of an LSI and an LSP to explore the incentive mechanism for LSPs to undergo smart transformation. As a benchmark for comparison, we first obtain the equilibrium results under centralized decision making and wholesale price (WP) contracts. Then, cost-sharing (CS), revenue-sharing (RS), and cost sharing–revenue sharing (CS-RS) hybrid contracts are proposed. It is found that when the CS coefficient is in a certain interval, the CS contract can increase the profit of LSI and the smart level of logistics service, but it will decrease the profit of LSP. With the exception that the wholesale price of logistics services will decrease, the equilibrium results under the RS contract and WP contract remain consistent. Only the CS-RS hybrid contract can achieve the perfect coordination of LSSC. In addition, by conducting numerical analysis, we find that the enhancement of the smart effect can encourage LSP to improve the smart level and increase the overall revenue of LSSC. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first study to explore the incentive mechanism between LSI and LSP in the context of logistics service smart transformation. Our findings guide the LSI in implementing an effective contract.

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18

Zhu, Yue. "Design and Application of Legally Valid Payment Templates Based on Linking Contracts." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1331237.

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Smart contracts are widely employed in many industries as a result of the high-quality development of science and economic technology, as well as the introduction of blockchain, which can automatically conduct retrieval, verification, and payment tasks. Smart contracts as an emerging topic, particularly the study of smart legal contracts, must remain forward-looking, and the smart contract sector cannot wait for the legal status of smart contracts to be resolved before advancing. The relative lag of the law becomes unavoidable due to the unassembled and unpredictable character of the law and thus its legislation. In this paper, we explore the incorporation of smart contracts into the scope of legal regulation, the construction of a series of systems for smart contracts, and the prognosis of smart contracts in terms of contract logic, arbitration process, and formal verification from the current law. Furthermore, a smart contract payment template based on semantic-aware graph neural networks is proposed to address the traditional smart contract vulnerability detection payment template method’s low detection accuracy and high false alarm rate, as well as the neural network-based method’s insufficient mining of bytecode-level smart contract features. Experiments comparing the method described in this research to comparable methods reveal that the strategy proposed in this study improves all types of indicators significantly.

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19

Sharifi, Mohammadreza, and Roy H. Kwon. "Performance-based contract design under cost uncertainty: A scenario-based bilevel programming approach." Engineering Economist 63, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013791x.2018.1467990.

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20

Zhang, Junran. "Design of a Smart Contract for Medical Records Based on Blockchain." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 32 (February 12, 2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v32i.4932.

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In today's medical field, an ever-increasing number of different medical institutions begin to share patients' cases. Although this provides convenience for patients to seek medical advice, it will also lead to the problem of data abuse, and the patient's medical records are also at risk of being leaked or tampered with. The decentralization, non-tampering, openness, transparency, and traceability of blockchain technology can effectively solve these problems. This paper mainly studies a kind of medical records electronic contract which can guarantee the authenticity, security, and security of medical data. Firstly, patients own their medical records, and their medical data can be stored on the blockchain. The certificates of doctors and patients will also be stored on the blockchain. Secondly, the identities of doctors and patients need to be double verified in the storage process to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data on the chain. Finally, the performance of a smart contract is evaluated by experiments. The smart contract studied in this paper can assure that large-scale medical data can be effectively stored and ensure the security of electronic medical records. And it can realize the sharing and reading of medical information between different hospitals.

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Yang, Tao, and Ju Zhou. "Economical Analysis of Cooperative Behavior of Transportation and Warehousing Company Based on Resource Integration." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2398.

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The phenomenon of free warehousing service offered by integrated transportation and warehousing company is concerned. The mechanics is studied based on the theory of the resource integration and the contract design. The result shows that the transportation company willing to pay the warehouse a certain lump sum on the contract designed. It is shown that the effective contract design is a significant managerial tool to improve cooperative behavior of supply chain.

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22

Wei, Shanting, Zhuo Zhang, and Xintong Chen. "How does business incubator motivate start-ups based on super-network: A dynamic capability perspective." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 11131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202279.

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Network-based incubation has undergone rapid developments and the incubation mechanism has begun to change recently. To incentive the start-ups on the basis of ensuring its own interests, the incubator needs to design a feasible contract. According to network theory, a single network cannot adequately describe the heterogeneous alliances of incubated start-ups in the business incubator. Therefore, by constructing super-network structure of incubated start-ups, this paper designs two types of linear incentive contracts and uses numerical simulation to further discuss the model. The results indicate that the business incubator should design the contract according to the different capability levels and risk preference degree of start-ups: linear screening contract (LSC) is more effective to motivate the incubated start-ups to improve the capability, while the incentive effect will be weakened by the increasing proportion of high-capability start-ups; for high risk-preference start-ups, linear pooling contract (LPC) is superior than LSC. The results can serve as a theoretical direction for the business incubator to effectively distinguish different capability levels of start-ups and make better decision on contract design to motivate start-ups on the basis of ensuring the maximization of its own utility.

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23

Long, Li, Tianhai Yang, Qifen Li, Yongwen Yang, Lifei Song, and Tianjiao Wu. "Design of Distributed Electricity Trading Mechanism Based on Contract for Difference." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601030.

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A contract for difference is a medium and long-term financial contract, which can be used in the electricity market to lock the electricity price in advance and avoid the risk of electricity price fluctuations in the spot market. The construction of the domestic power spot market has just started. With the release of relevant policies and the gradual improvement of the market structure, it is urgent to design a corresponding trading mechanism to ensure the smooth transition of the market. The current day-ahead transactions, real-time transactions and other short-term transactions for distributed power generation, on the one hand power load forecasting, electricity price demand response and other related technologies need to be further improved, on the other hand due to the randomness and uncertainty of distributed energy, participating in the short-term spot market has large price fluctuations, which is not conducive to the stability of the electricity market, and it is also not conducive to the consumption of distributed energy. Aiming at the above problems, this paper uses the characteristics of CFDs to restrain market power to design a distributed energy trading mechanism to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.

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24

Enselme, D., G. Florin, and F. Legond-Aubry. "Design by Contract: analysis of hidden dependencies in component based application." Journal of Object Technology 3, no. 4 (2004): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5381/jot.2004.3.4.a2.

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25

Liu, Hongyan, and Shizheng Liu. "Salesperson compensation contract design based on multi‐agent principal agent model." Nankai Business Review International 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20408741311303896.

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26

Solehudin, Arip, Aldi Angga Putra, Kamal Prihandani, and Nono Heryana. "Design of Reminder Information Last Contract (RILC) Applications Using Web-Based Sms Gateway." Buana Information Technology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/bit-cs.v1i2.1025.

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Currently informarsi system is needed by several large companies. To support some data processing, one of them is employee data processing and employee contract data. Given the existing problems in contract data pengelohan often occurs that the check is not maximal so some data left behind and even neglected impact on the increase in salaries of employees who are late due to contracts that are not handled according to schedule. This study aims to create a web-based RIL application using sms gateway for delivery of contract data reminder information. This research uses SDLC method with Extreme Programming model with stages of planning, designing, coding, testing, implementation and evaluation. SMS gateway is a gateway for information dissemination using SMS. With SMS gateway can spread the message of the serial number automatically and quickly which is directly connected with the database of mobile numbers that have been stored. This can be done by RIL applications in sending reminder information messages to the HRD division as well as employees receiving their contract expiration date information. The result of the research is the user can maximize the checking of contract data so that nothing is left behind and give the report that arranged well and clear

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27

Zhang, Shou He, and Wen Jie Huang. "Vendor’s Conduct and Contract Mechanism in IT Outsourcing Based on Information Inferiority." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.918.

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In IT outsourcing, contract defects often cause outsourcing failure. Many client firms do not know well how to design the contract because they have no way to access private information of vendors, so vendors are likely to conduct out of constraint. This work combined relational contract with conventional one to establish an integral management mechanism. It at first gave the cost-increment analysis method to improve relational contract design so that it would facilitate outsourcing contract to work efficiently. Then analyzed the relation between vendor profit-gaining and its varied conducts, and built up the method of contract design to allow vendor gaining profit only when it conducts following its true types. In the method, the private information was sorted into a variety of conduct types and universal decision was found out aiming all the types. The mechanism effectively incents and constrains vendors without relying on private information.

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Ekwonwune, Emmanuel Nwabueze, Duru Ngozi A., and Uka Kanayo K. "Design of a web – based online Contract Administrative System platform of an Engineering firm." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 05 (May 12, 2019): 24612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v8i05.4285.

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This paper is aimed at designing a dynamic web – based Contract Bidding Information System that will be used to register details online to enable bidding for advertised contracts. It was motivated by the growing recognition of the need to modify bidding operation previously done manually. The Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) was used to develop a contract bidding system. A web – based application will be developed to enable bidders register and submit their biddings online.

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Meirui Zhong, and Na Tan. "The Design of Performance-pay Contract Model and the Explanation of Contract Government Paradox Based on Fairness Preference." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8, no. 10 (May 31, 2013): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue10.44.

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Mazé, Armelle. "Retailers' branding strategies: Contract design, organisational change and learning." Journal on Chain and Network Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2002.x016.

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This article analyses the recent development by some large retailers in France of dedicated Quality Supply Chains for their food products. The major contractual innovation rests on the design of tripartite contracts between a retailer, agro-food firms and farmers' associations. In contrast to mainstream contract literature, we demonstrate that contract adaptations may reflect a mutual learning process between contractors: why do transactors write explicit contracts that they know cannot be court enforced? Empirical data are based on the joint analysis of a full set of contracts between one retailer and all its beef suppliers, and their diachronic evolution before and after the BSE crisis (the period 1993-2000). Contract design and organisational changes at the retailer level are shown to be strongly interrelated.

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Zheng, Xu (Vivian), David A. Griffith, Ling Ge, and Uri Benoliel. "Effects of Contract Ambiguity in Interorganizational Governance." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242920910096.

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This work introduces the concept of contract ambiguity from the law literature into the interorganizational governance literature. Within the context of franchising, the authors present a three-study multimethod design empirically establishing the construct of contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations, providing new insights into the strategic design of contracts and their outcomes. In Study 1, the authors establish construct validity by demonstrating that contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations is distinct from contract specificity and contract completeness of franchisor obligations, with differential outcomes. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors demonstrate that contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations increases an interest-based (vs. a rights-based) conflict solving approach, implying greater cooperation and joint problem solving, and reduces franchisee-initiated litigation. The findings also indicate that while contract ambiguity of franchisor obligations decreases franchisee-initiated litigation, this effect is amplified by higher levels of franchisor training programs but mitigated by the presence of a franchisee association. The article closes with a discussion of implications for academics and practitioners.

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Brice, Senou Mahugnon Rosaire, and Jules Degila. "Design of a Blockchain-Based Smart Contract Model for Child Labor Alleviation." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2020070104.

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The achievements of west and central Africa in producing more than 60% of the world's cocoa, and sub-Saharan Africa's achievement in producing 13% of the world's cotton, hide child labor. These significant levels of production often involve child exposure to issues such as a lack of education; pesticides; dangerous farming tools; work accidents; human trafficking; etc. Blockchain offers an immutable register that allows for digital transactions, smart contract creation, as well as end-to-end product traceability. The main aim of this article is to provide an intelligent contract framework that protects child labor in farming while further enlightening understandings of adoption-related challenges. This framework considers conditions that farmer associations need to satisfy and gives them a tool to improve children's welfare. A research model for the adoption of this tool has been proposed and validated through surveys in the cotton and cacao sectors.

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Jurgelaitis, Mantas, Lina Čeponienė, Karolis Butkus, Rita Butkienė, and Vaidotas Drungilas. "MDA-Based Approach for Blockchain Smart Contract Development." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010487.

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Blockchain smart contracts can support the decentralisation of business processes, but due to smart contracts’ specifics, their development is a complicated process. Introducing model-driven development principles in smart contract development can facilitate requirement specification, design, and implementation activities. This paper presents a model-driven development method MDAsmartCD (Model-Driven Architecture-based Smart Contract Development) to alleviate smart contract development by supporting the complete MDA life cycle, covering the definition of Computation-Independent Model, Platform-Independent Model, and two instances of Platform-Specific Models. In MDAsmartCD, model transformations (model-to-model and model-to-text) are used to produce smart contract code in the Hyperledger Fabric platform Go and the Ethereum platform Solidity programming languages. The method application was demonstrated by implementing the smart contract for the hackathon solution and executing the generated Solidity and Go smart contracts in the workflow of issuing certificates for hackathon participants. During the execution of the workflow, both deployed smart contracts behaved identically and recorded analogous results in respective blockchain data storages. This demonstrated that the MDAsmartCD method enables the generation of compilable and executable smart contract code, ready for deployment on a blockchain platform.

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Zhang, Yanru, Miao Pan, Lingyang Song, Zaher Dawy, and Zhu Han. "A Survey of Contract Theory-Based Incentive Mechanism Design in Wireless Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 24, no. 3 (June 2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2017.1500371wc.

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Jang, Sejun, Yeonsuk Jeong, Ghang Lee, and Youngcheol Kang. "Enhancing Subcontractors' Participation in BIM-Based Design Coordination under a DBB Contract." Journal of Management in Engineering 35, no. 6 (November 2019): 04019022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000714.

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Liu, Tingting, Jun Li, Feng Shu, Meixia Tao, Wen Chen, and Zhu Han. "Design of Contract-Based Trading Mechanism for a Small-Cell Caching System." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16, no. 10 (October 2017): 6602–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2726059.

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Chu, Hyun-Ji, and Byoungju Choi. "Design and Implementation of Log-based Ethereum Smart Contract Dynamic Testing Tool." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 26, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2020.26.7.322.

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Conradt, Sarah, Robert Finger, and Raushan Bokusheva. "Tailored to the extremes: Quantile regression for index-based insurance contract design." Agricultural Economics 46, no. 4 (May 5, 2015): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12180.

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Zhang, Jianxiong, Lin Feng, and Wansheng Tang. "Optimal Contract Design of Supplier-Led Outsourcing Based on Pontryagin Maximum Principle." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 161, no. 2 (September 11, 2013): 592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-013-0415-4.

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Madhavan, Ravichandhran, Sumith Kulal, and Viktor Kuncak. "Contract-based resource verification for higher-order functions with memoization." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093333.3009874.

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Dosumu, Oluwaseun, Godwin Idoro, and Henry Onukwube. "Causes of Errors in Construction Contract Documents in Southwestern, Nigeria." Journal of Construction Business and Management 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.1.2.59.

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The issue of continual poor project performance in the construction industry remains unresolved and there is need for improvement. In view of improving project performance, the study aims at investigating the frequent causes of errors in construction contract documents. The survey research design and mixed research methods were used for the study. The respondents for the study consist of 86 consulting and 98 contracting firms that have been engaged on building projects that is above one floor between 2012 and 2015. Fifty one (51) interviews were also conducted on contractors, project managers and consultants on the projects they were involved and can equally provide necessary information for the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20) was used for the analysis of the study. The study found that the frequent causes of the errors in contract documents are frequent design changes by clients, lack of adequate time to prepare documents and design management experience among others. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the causes of errors in contract documents vary from one state to the other. It was also concluded that there is difference in the causes of errors in contract documents based on types of building, services rendered by construction organisations and states in South West, Nigeria. However, there is no significant difference in the causes of errors in contract documents based on procurement method except where there is incomplete documentation or contracting organisations have overlapping activities. The study recommends that the frequent errors identified should always be prevented from occurring if cost and time overrun are to be minimized. Also since most of the causes identified are related to consultants, it was recommended as suggested by interviewees that all designs must go through quality assurance process.Keywords: Building projects, Construction, Contract documents, Errors, project performance

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Tomassoni, Carlos, Ted Huynh, and Thomas Schiller. "Production-based Design Methodology for Shipboard Machinery Spaces." Journal of Ship Production 19, no. 01 (February 1, 2003): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2003.19.1.53.

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U.S. shipyards are experiencing a lack of stock designs when compared with worldclass shipyards. Shipyards in this country usually develop "unique designs" from scratch. New designs are traditionally performed by design agents, who do not account sufficiently for production requirements and constraints. This process typically results in excessive production re-engineering and/or rework. This paper presents a production-based methodology that is being developed under the National Shipbuilding Research Program/American Shipbuilding Enterprise (NSRP/ASE) Project 21, Develop and Implement World-Class U.S. Material Standards and Parametric Design Rules to Support Commercial and Naval Auxiliary Ship Construction. This methodology utilizes a zonal design approach that leverages work previously accomplished under the Shipbuilding Technology contract between Designers & Planners, Inc., and the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Development Center in the 1994–1998 time frame. Under this contract, a collocated team with representatives of domestic and foreign shipbuilders, ship owners, vendors, and designers developed world-class engine rooms. Results of this previously conducted research were summarily reported in the Maritime Reporter. The advanced design methodology presented in this paper incorporates production requirements early in the design process that can result in significant savings in design cost and schedule, production costs, and construction cycle time. The methodology addresses how (1) machinery equipment should be grouped into functional volumes and blocks; (2) the interfaces between functional volumes and blocks and between zones should be considered; (3) producibility issues should be considered early in the design process; (4) the information should be collected and archived for use in future designs. An example is provided to show how this advanced methodology could be used to shorten design time and cost and enhance the producibility of future shipboard machinery spaces.

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Raj, Anu, and Shiva Prakash. "Smart Contract-Based Secure Decentralized Smart Healthcare System." International Journal of Software Innovation 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.315742.

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Social distancing has been imposed to prevent substantial transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is presently a global public health issue. Medical healthcare providers rely on telemedicine to monitor their patients, particularly those with chronic conditions. However, telemedicine faces many implementation-related risks, including data breaches, access restrictions within the medical community, inaccurate diagnosis, fraud, etc. The authors propose a transparent, tamper-proof, distributed, decentralized smart healthcare system (DSHS) that uses blockchain-based smart contracts. The authors use an immutable modified Merkel tree structure to hold the transaction for viewing contracts on a public blockchain, updating patient health records (PHR), and exchanging PHR to all entities. It is verified by a performance evaluation based on the Ethereum platform. The simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms existing approaches by enhancing transparency, boosting efficiency, and reducing average latency in the system. The proposed system improves the functionality of the SHS environment.

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Haryanto, Luthfi Izzatul Azka, and Ridho Firdaus. "Blockchain Technology based Smart Contract Model in Indonesia." Blockchain Frontier Technology 2, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/bfront.v2i2.211.

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The primary task of integrated product supply chain management is distribution. The processing, storage, and distribution of high-quality pharmaceutical products makes the drug distribution process crucial in the pharmaceutical sector. The distribution of fake medications by associated parties, such as unauthorized or unregistered distributors or data collecting for unregistered medications distributed by distributors, is a concern in the pharmaceutical industry. Drug production permits that are misused up until they are distributed or circulated do not adhere to the Food and Drug Supervisory Agencies standard requirements. In order to facilitate the distribution process by recording data distribution, providing data security, and giving traceability of transactions between linked parties, these issues must be rapidly resolved with technology help. By utilizing blockchain technology, this study suggests a beneficial medicine delivery approach. A user-centered design and a qualitative methodology are used in the model creation. This study's output is a blockchain-based drug delivery mechanism that has been verified. Transparency, security, traceability, decentralization, automation, immutability, and reliability are all features of the model. By ensuring that the pharmaceuticals supplied are of high quality, this strategy can assist the government in promoting community safety, health, and trust in the drugs that are in use.

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Chen, Yuan, Heng He, and Jiacheng Zheng. "Research and design of medical data sharing and insurance automatic claim system based on blockchain technology." BCP Business & Management 26 (September 19, 2022): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v26i.2084.

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In recent years, blockchain technology has been applied to various business scenarios with its characteristics of decentralization, openness, self-consistency and information immutable. In the medical insurance industry, disputes often occur between insurance institutions and policyholders due to inaccurate personal information and different confirmation of contract terms. With the digitalization of medical information and the rapid development of science and technology, insurance claim settlement schemes based on blockchain and homomorphic encryption can enable the hospital, the insurance institution and policyholders to establish a trusted mechanism, which can ensure the authenticity and security of the policyholder's personal information and the validity of the contract. The scheme combines Paillier homomorphic encryption and blockchain smart contract while designing access control list to control patients' data. In the scenario of insurance claim settlement, it can not only protect the privacy of patients' medical data, but also ensure the correct settlement result of insurance claim.

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Yong, Xu, and Lu xiaojuan. "Design of Bolts Structure of Overhead Contract Line Based on Finite Element Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012072.

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Wang, Lei, Yichao Ma, Liuzhu Zhu, Xuli Wang, Hao Cong, and Tiancheng Shi. "Design of integrated energy market cloud service platform based on blockchain smart contract." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 135 (February 2022): 107515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107515.

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Kang, Yang, and Qiang Li. "Design and Implementation of Data Sharing Traceability System Based on Blockchain Smart Contract." Scientific Programming 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1455814.

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“Traceability” is an important method often used in modern supply management. The traceability system is a system based on the Internet of Things technology. In this process, users will share resources through cloud service providers, so how to ensure data security is also one of the issues we consider. Blockchain technology is an emerging technology in the field of information technology. Its decentralized nature, distributed storage, and difficult data modification provide us with fair exchange and sharing of data. Feasible solutions: in this article, we have studied the key issues of fair exchange and safe sharing of data based on blockchain and designed a multigroup data sharing scheme based on alliance chain. To solve the various existing traceability systems problem, this paper designs a new traceability system based on blockchain technology and implements a system prototype to verify the feasibility of the system.

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Cai, Sanfa, Kai Ci, and Bin Zou. "Producer Services Outsourcing Risk Control Based on Outsourcing Contract Design: Industrial Engineering Perspective." Systems Engineering Procedia 2 (2011): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.10.043.

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Awasthi, Aniket, Pushkar Singh, Prateek Pujari, V. K. Manupati, B. Mahanty, and M. K. Tiwari. "Vibration suppression of a tool in a lathe machine through contract-based design." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 86, no. 5-8 (January 12, 2016): 1763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8308-3.

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