Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contract-based Design

Academic literature on the topic 'Contract-based Design'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Winokur, Michael, Susanne Graf, and Bernhard Josko. "Contract-based System Design - The SPEEDS Approach." INCOSE International Symposium 18, no. 1 (June 2008): 2477–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2008.tb00928.x.

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Nešić, Damir, Mattias Nyberg, and Barbara Gallina. "Product-line assurance cases from contract-based design." Journal of Systems and Software 176 (June 2021): 110922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110922.

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Kiyeng, Denies, Simon Maina Karume, and Nelson Masese. "Design of Blockchain Based Smart Contract for Tendering." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 10 (October 2021): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1010.1002.

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Information technology is the backbone for all 21st century organizations that are looking forward to offer better customer service and gain competitive advantage. Today, blockchain technology is being adopted by a number of organizations such as financial services, healthcare, agriculture and even government. . However, the tendering sector have not been able to take advantage of the new blockchain technology, owing to the absence of blockchain based frameworks and a model for secure tendering. This study focuses on block-chain with its BYOE (Bring Your Own Encryption) concept in the procurement sector. The research comes up with a design of a blockchain based smart contract model for organizations in Kenya following ASD approach. In addition a discussion of challenges and opportunities of Blockchain based tendering is also presented.
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Kolesnichenko, Alexey, Christopher M. Poskitt, Sebastian Nanz, and Bertrand Meyer. "Contract-based general-purpose GPU programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2936314.2814216.

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Mengoni, Maura, Margherita Peruzzini, Roberto Raffaeli, and Damiano Raponi. "A Web-based Platform to Support Contract Furniture Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 11, no. 5 (April 16, 2014): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2014.902684.

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Chen, Baike, Yuxia Rong, and Zhaoxia Jing. "Generation Revenue Regulation and Incentive Contract Design in Electricity Market." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125201009.

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In order to curb market power, encourage investment and redistribute welfare, revenue regulation should be carried out in electricity market. The incentive contract represented by the Contract for Difference is a kind of regulation. This paper proposes a Government Authorized Contract based on Revenue Estimation Method (REM) from the perspective of regulating generation revenue. First, the principle and design of the Vesting Contract in Singapore electricity market is employed, analyzing its limitations in regulation. Then, the incentive contract based on REM is presented in four steps. Finally, the IEEE30 node classic system is adopted to demonstrate the proposed model, showing that it can promote generators to bid rationally.
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Xu, Lan, Paul Tu, and Qian Tang. "Contract Design for Cloud Logistics (CL) Based on Blockchain Technology (BT)." Complexity 2020 (April 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5305808.

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Purpose. This paper aims to design the contract and present the profit distribution mechanism for CL platform, so as to realize the intelligent and automatic operation of the artificial intelligent- (AI-) based CL platform. Design/Methodology. A smart contract based on BT is designed for the AI-based CL platform. Profit distribution mechanism based on the Nash bargaining model for the CL platform is also put forward to coordinate different participators’ benefit relationship in CL. Findings. The AI-based CL platform and the proposed smart contract based on BT map the scenario which may be influenced by human factors and involve trust issues onto execution of codes. Practical Implications. The study will help CL practitioners in establishing effective profit mechanism and designing contracts on the platform, thus facilitating its sustainable operation. Originality/Value. The AI-based CL platform with BT smart contract can be totally free of human intervention, and hence, the problems of trust during CL platform’s operation are solved.
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Huang, Jiahui, Yuzhuo Shan, and Yining Wang. "Design and implementation of NFT-based system." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 32 (February 12, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v32i.4929.

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Blockchain technology is one of the hottest internet techniques by far, and the NFT is a novel digital collection based on blockchain technology. In 2017, two interesting applications emerged on Ethereum, CryptonPunks, and CryptonKitties, As CryptonKitties is an example, each kitty has a unique DNA number, taking on a different appearance and temperament. These two applications have revolutionary significance for the non-fungible token proposal and practical scenario application. In this experiment, We used the Ethereum platform in the Solidity language to implement a set of digital currency systems based on NFT. It’s named CoinCoin.Smart contracts are the way we implement all the functions. Through the smart contract, it can realize its minting, trading, and other functions. The implementation of functions will be simulated on the Remix platform. Mastering NFT’s smart contract could be able to provide a new ecosystem for the encryption industry and have a profound impact on the digital asset across multiple industries, such as games, art, and digital assets. Our system can provide a reference for the implementation of the NFT smart contract and bring experiences for the further deeper research.
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Zhao, Nan, Minghu Wu, Wei Xiong, and Cong Liu. "Cooperative Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks under Asymmetric Information: A Contract-Theory Based Approach." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/676195.

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By exploiting the spatial diversity of multiple wireless nodes, cooperative communication technique is a promising technique for spectrum sharing to improve spectrum efficiency. In this paper, the incentive issue between relay nodes’ (RNs’) service and source’s relay selection is investigated in the presence of the asymmetric information scenario. Multiuser cooperative communication is modelled as a labour market, where the source designs a contract and each relay node decides to select a contract item according to hidden information in order to obtain the best profit. The optimal contract design under both symmetric information and asymmetric information is presented based on contract theory. The contract-theoretic model for ability discrimination relay selection is formulated as an optimization problem to maximize the source’s utility. A sequential optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimalrelay-rewardstrategy. Simulation results show that the optimal contract design scheme is effective in improving system performance for cooperative communication. This paper establishes a valuable cooperative communication mechanism in cognitive radio networks.
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Selviaridis, Kostas, and Andreas Norrman. "Performance-based contracting for advanced logistics services." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 6 (July 6, 2015): 592–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-11-2014-0267.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore key challenges of adopting, designing and managing performance-based contracts (PBC) for advanced logistics services, as seen by providers. The shift toward performance-based solutions has proved challenging since providers often struggle to link performance to their payment. Despite such managerial challenges, empirical research in this area has been limited. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-case design was adopted. Three cases of logistics service providers were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected through 38 semi-structured interviews and review of 43 documents such as contracts and customer target letters. Findings – Key PBC adoption challenges include customer and provider intention to align their goals and incentives as well as their views on risk and reward sharing. Contract design challenges center around performance metric definition and weighting, designing performance monitoring systems that consider service co-production effects and help improve customer relationship and designing incentives with appropriate intensity levels. Contract management challenges include fostering provider pro-activity, provider changes in terms of processes and resource investments, perceived fairness of designed incentives and contract re-design to allow for win-win relationship outcomes. Research limitations/implications – The study empirically contributes to extant logistics service provider literature by identifying specific challenges that extend also beyond PBC adoption and design and cover contract management (and potential contract re-design). It also unpacks the notion of performance attributability by analyzing its role also in terms of contract and performance management as well as its potential effects on customer relationship management. Practical implications – The study presents implications for logistics provider managers regarding how the observed PBC challenges can be overcome. Originality/value – The study unearths several challenges of PBC for advanced logistics services, particularly in connection to contract management and re-design.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Greber, Nicole. "Test wizard automatic test generation based on design by contract /." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Professur für Software Engineering /Chair of Software Engineering, 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=194.

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Ozkaya, M. "A design-by-contract based approach for architectural modelling and analysis." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13045/.

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Research on software architectures has been active since the early nineties, leading to a number of different architecture description languages (ADL). Given their importance in facilitating the communication of crucial system properties to different stakeholders and their analysis early on in the development of a system this is understandable. However, practitioners rarely use ADLs, and, instead, they insist on using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) for specifying software architectures. I attribute this to three main issues that have not been addressed altogether by the existing ADLs. Firstly, in their attempt to support formal analysis, current ADLs employ formal notations (i.e., mostly process algebras) that are rarely used among practitioners. Secondly, many ADLs focus on components in specifying software architectures, neglecting the first-class specification of complex interaction protocols as connectors. They view connectors as simple interaction links that merely identify the communicating components and their basic communication style (e.g., procedure call). So, complex interaction protocols are specified as part of components, which however reduce the re-usability of both. Lastly, there are also some ADLs that do support complex connectors. However, these include a centralised glue element in their connector structure that imposes a global ordering of actions on the interacting components. Such global constraints are not always realisable in a decentralised manner by the components that participate in these protocols. In this PhD thesis, I introduce a new architecture description language called XCD that supports the formal specification of software architectures without employing a complex formal notation and offers first-class connectors for maximising the re-use of components and protocols. Furthermore, by omitting any units for specifying global constraints (i.e., glue), the architecture specifications in XCD are guaranteed to be realisable in a decentralised manner. I show in the thesis how XCD extends Design-by-Contract (DbC) for specifying (i) protocol-independent components and (ii) complex connectors, which can impose only local constraints to guarantee their realisability. Use of DbC will hopefully make it easier for practitioners to use the language, compared to languages using process algebras. I also show the precise translation of XCD into SPIN’s formal ProMeLa language for formally verifying software architectures that (i) services offered by components are always used correctly, (ii) the component behaviours are always complete, (iii)there are no race-conditions, (iv) there is no deadlock, and (v) for components having event communications, there is no overflow of event buffers. Finally, I evaluate XCD via five well-known case studies and illustrate XCD’s enhanced modularity, expressive DbC-based notation, and guaranteed realisability for architecture specifications.
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Zong, Lu. "Temperature-based weather derivatives modeling and contract design in mainland China." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2017319/.

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In the presented thesis, we build the theoretical framework for the development of temperature-based weather derivatives market in China. Our research is divided into two separate studies due to their different scopes. In the first study, we focus on the determination of the most precise model for temperature-based weather derivative modeling and pricing in China. To achieve this objective, a heuristic comparison of the new stochastic seasonal variation (SSV) model with three established empirical temperature and pricing models, i.e. the Alaton model [1], the CAR model [2] and the Spline model [3] is conducted. Comparison criteria include residual normality, residual auto-correlation function (ACF), Akaike information criterion (AIC), relative errors, and stability of price behaviors. The results show that the SSV model dominates the other three models by providing both a more precise fitting of the temperature process and more stable price behaviors. In the second study, novel forms of temperature indices are proposed and analyzed both on the city level and the climatic zone level, with the aim to provide a contract-selecting scheme that increases the risk management efficiency in the agricultural sector of China. Performances of the newly-introduced indices are investigated via an efficiency test which considers the root mean square loss (RMSL), the value at risk (VaR) and the certainty-equivalent revenues (CERs). According to the results, agricultural risk management on the city scale can be optimized by using the absolute-deviation growth degree-day (GDD) index. On the other hand, it is suggested that climatic zone-based contracts can be more efficient compared with city-based contracts. The recommended contract-selection scheme is to purchase climatic zone-based average GDD contracts in climatic zone II, and to purchase climatic zone-based optimal-weighted GDD contracts in climatic zone I or III.
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Foo, Xueyuan. "Design and Implementation of A Smart Grid System Based on Blockchain Smart Contract Technology." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40851.

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Under de senaste åren har blockchain-tekniken fått mer och mer uppmärksamhet. Det har visat speciella fördelar i digital valuta, eftersom det distribueras och dess data inte kan ändras. Med fler länder som presenterar idén om kraftsysteminnovationen har ett stort antal distribuerade kraftkällor dykt upp. Nätanslutningen för dessa distribuerade kraftkällor leder till instabil nätdrift och ökar svårigheten att hantera kraftigt. Därför finns det ett akut behov av en lösning som kan realisera direkt transaktion av distribuerad kraftförsörjning. Denna artikel gör en fördjupad analys av blockchain-tekniken, inklusive hasalgoritm, konsensusmekanism, Merkle-träd, smart kontrakt etc. Och sedan studeras Ethereum och smarta nät. Den här artikeln realiserar automatisering och intelligens för mätning av eltransaktioner genom smart kontraktsteknik som tillhandahålls av Ethereum. En blockchain privat kedja skapas och sedan distribueras det smarta kontraktet i den privata kedjan. Med fördelarna med blockchaintekniken ovan kommer lagring av kraftdata och krafttransaktioner att vara mer trovärdig och mer transparent. Sammantaget designar och bygger detta papper ett smart grid-system baserat på blockchain-smarta teknik. Systemet kan inte bara användas för smarta nätsystem utan även för andra energisystem. Denna artikel ger en referens för tillämpning av blockchain-teknik.
In recent years, blockchain technology has received more and more attention. It has shown special advantages in digital currency, because it is distributed and its data cannot be altered. With more countries put forward the idea of the power system innovation, a large number of distributed power sources have emerged. The grid connection of these distributed power sources will lead to unstable grid operation and greatly increase the difficulty of management. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can realize direct transaction of distributed power supply. This article makes an in-depth analysis of the blockchain technology, including hash algorithm, consensus mechanism, Merkle tree, smart contract, etc. And then the Ethereum and smart grids are studied. This article realizes automation and intelligence of the electricity transaction measurement through the smart contract technology provided by Ethereum. A blockchain private chain is created and then the smart contract is deployed into the private chain. With the advantages of blockchain technology aforementioned, the storage of power data and the power transactions will be more credible and more transparent. All in all, this paper designs and builds a smart grid system based on the smart contract technology of blockchain. The system can be used not only for smart grid systems but also for other energy trading systems. This article provides a reference for the application of blockchain technology.
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Coombs, Steven John. "Design and conversational evaluation of an information technology learning environment based on self-organised-learning." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4829.

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From 1990 to 1993 I was engaged as the Information Technology (IT) Workshop manager at Mid-Cornwall College, St. Austell. My mission during this period was to develop a new kind of IT learning environment. The main purpose was - and continues to be - to provide for mixed 'open-access’ student targets wishing to pursue generic IT activities and gain commensurate vocational qualifications. This Open-Learning (OL) environment provides on-the-job curriculum development of IT learning support systems, through a Flexible Learning (FL) management policy. An action research approach based on S-O-L provides both the methodology and technology for implementing a learning organisation. A key objective was institutional change towards the learning management policy of IT, through appropriate deployment of staffing and courseware resources to enable the practice of student centred learning. Another aim was to integrate and mix all target groups of learners together in the same domain, i. e. school leavers with adult returners for the achievement of a cost-effective, well-co-ordinated and productive learning environment. My action research applied the Centre for the Study of Human Learning's (CSHL's) ideas and tools towards the development of the IT Workshop's learning policy. I have sought to make the connection between FL delivery of the generic IT curriculum and the SOL approach towards individual and organisational learning. This came about from the link between the FL philosophy of learner-centred activity and the SOL philosophy of empowering individuals via Learning Conversations. S-O-L'Systems-7' was adopted as a conversational tool for developing the educational roles and practices of the IT Workshop. This influenced my college to make essential environmental changes to the workshop in order to develop these activities. The project also used the Personal Learning Contract (PLC) to manage and enable the 'learning-to-learn' activities of individual IT learners. With the PLC as the central tool for implementing Learning Conversations, there evolved the idea of 'Group Learning Contracts' (GLCs). This led to the practical development of 'Learning Plans' (LPs), such that IT flexible modules could be transferred to the autonomy of the learner. Evaluations from this project included sample case-study evidences of Learning Conversations obtained from individual IT case-load students. Repertory grid feedback conversations of learning experienced by individual staff members taking part in the project were also obtained. Questionnaire results from IT learners was used as another method of feedback, and conversationally evaluated using factor analysis and 'talkback' records. All the action research qualitative evidences were finally analysed using conversational techniques, leading to the overall project 'findings'.
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Huang, Shen-Hsien, and 黃勝賢. "Bonus-based Leasing Contract Design." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jx4n4u.

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碩士
國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
103
According to practitioners, retail stores located in “golden” real-estates (i.e., in good locations) greatly outperform other stores in terms of profits. Therefore, how to keep a long-term leasing contract with golden real-estate owners is very important to retail stores. To achieve this goal, this research proposes a leasing contract which is bonus-based with contract-termination option. The bonus-based idea denotes that the tenant shares the profit with the landlord in order to keep a long-term contract. That is, the landlord shall receive y=a∙m+b∙P, where m is the current market price of rent fee, 0≤a≤1 is a decision variable, P is the yearly profit of tenant, and 0≤b≤1 is also a decision variable. The idea of contract-termination option denotes that the landlord can yearly determine whether to terminate the contract or not while the contract has proceeded over Ts years. While decreasing a and b, the renting expense of the tenant becomes lower yet counterbalanced by a lower probability of signing contracts. The longer is Ts, the more is the benefit to the tenant yet counterbalanced by inducing a lower probability of signing the contract. As a result, (a, b, Ts) are decision variables in terms of maximizing the total profit of the tenant. This research assumes a one-to-many scenario; that is, there is only one tenant which is a large-scale chain retailer and there are many landlords of golden real-estates; and the tenant intends to design a contract that shall maximize its total expected profit. Making assumptions on the decision-making behaviors of the tenant and the landlords, this research develop a mathematical model maximize the expected profit of the tenant by finding an optimum leasing alternative (a, b, Ts).
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Phan-Minh, Tung. "Contract-Based Design: Theories and Applications." Thesis, 2021. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/14052/1/Tung%20Phan%20Caltech%20Thesis.pdf.

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Most things we know only exist in relation to one another. Their states are strongly coupled due to dependencies that arise from such relations. For a system designer, acknowledging the presence of these dependencies is as crucial to guaranteeing performance as studying them. As the roles played by technology in fields such as transportation, healthcare, and finance continue to be more profound and diverse, modern engineering systems have grown to be more reliant on the integration of technologies across multiple disciplines and their requirements. The need to ensure proper division of labor, integration of system modules, and attribution of legal responsibility calls for a more methodological look into co-design considerations. Originally conceived in computer programming, contract-based reasoning is a design approach whose promise of a formal compositional paradigm is receiving attention from a broader engineering community. Our work is dedicated to narrowing the gap between the theory and application of this yet nascent framework.

In the first half of this dissertation, we introduce a model interface contract theory for input/output automata with guards and a formalization of the directive-response architecture using assume-guarantee contracts and show how these may be used to guide the formal design of a traffic intersection and an automated valet parking system respectively. Next, we address a major drawback of assume-guarantee contracts, i.e., the problem of a void contract due to antecedent failure. Our proposed solution is a reactive version of assume-guarantee contracts that enables direct specification at the assumption and guarantee level along with a novel synthesis algorithm that exposes the effects of failures on the contract structure. This is then used to help optimize, adapt, and robustify our design against an uncertain environment.

In light of ongoing development of autonomous driving technologies and its potential impact on the safety of future transportation, the second half of this work is dedicated to the application of the design-by-contract framework to the distributed control of autonomous vehicles. We start by defining and proving properties of "assume-guarantee profiles," our proposed approach to transparent distributed multi-agent decision making and behavior prediction. Next, we provide a local conflict resolution algorithm in the context of a quasi-simultaneous game which guarantees safety and liveness to the composition of autonomous vehicle systems in this game. Finally, to facilitate the extension of these frameworks to real-life urban driving settings, we also supply an effective method to predict agent behavior that utilizes recent advances in machine learning research.

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Chen, Yu-Bin, and 陳裕斌. "Design and Development of a Web-based Contract learning Environment." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30313402263439682133.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
91
The purpose of this study is to develop a web-learning environment with the concept of contract learning as foundations. This environment provides tools to support a learner to sign a contract and to achieve it. Contract learning is an effective method of developing the learner independent and self-directed learning. The learner has to make promise to a learning contract and carry on with the goal. This paper first describes relevant theories of self-directed learning and contract learning, and then induces the system design principles of developing contract learning environment. Under the system design principles, we proceed to implement a web-based environment. The modules of the system are mainly divided into seven functions: user- related module, teacher module, learning contract module, portfolio-related module, assessment module, reward module and interaction module. Findings of this study are summarized as follows： 1.The web-based contract learning environment has positive help on learners learning in primary school. 2.This system is effective with the assistance of signing and achieve of the learning contract. 3.This system has a positive influence on the learners’ motivation.
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Huang, Jyun-Peng, and 黃駿朋. "A Decentralized and Collaborative Knowledge Market Platform Design for Paid Feedback Service based on Smart Contract Technology." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b229d7.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
106
The popularity of the Internet has created the era of information explosion. Therefore, how to obtain the useful information within also becomes more important. Some specific question-and-answer platforms, such as Yahoo! Answers and Stack Overflow, arose due to the increasing needs of information exchange. Knowledge should be priced and traded as normal items in the market as well, however, most of these platforms haven’t create a proper paid feedback service. Blockchain technology has become more and more mature recently, especially after the invention of Smart Contract. Thanks to Smart Contract, programs can be executed decentralized. This research developed a decentralized platform with paid feedback service for knowledge market based on blockchain and smart contract. The system took block-chain's digital currency as trade token and created a collaborative knowledge market as the free market economy. Users can participate in transactions with equal rights and trade with each other directly without central organization. The mutual trusts among all participants are ensured by the underlying decentralized block-chain technology.
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chien-an, wang, and 王健安. "A Study of the Mutual Fund Managers'' Risk-Adjustment Behaviorand the Design of a Performance-Based Incentive Contract." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42980077159964265279.

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博士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
88
An important question for the contracting literature is the extent to which real behavior is driven by the financial incentives contained in compensation schemes. To address this issue, (1) we use the tournament concept as the framework, and focus on the competitive nature of mutual fund environments how to affect the managers'' portfolio decision-making processes. (2) we also use the Black-Scholes option pricing model as the framework, and analyze the impact on the mutual fund managers'' risk-manipulation behavior of a performance-based incentive plan. Given the asymmetric information financial markets, most investors of mutual funds can not measure the funds'' risk without error, thus, agent-divergent behavior may potentially arise. In a tournament reward structure, the managers'' rational attempting to maximize their expected compensation may revise the risk level or alter the composition of their portfolio during the assessment period. While there will be times when such changes don''t serve the best interest of funds'' investors. Our research demonstrates the following results: 1. An empirical investigation of 86 open-type mutual funds during 1995 to 1998 with the methods of test, t test and the Logistic regression shows fund managers with poor performance would become aggressive and tend to increase fund volatility in the latter part of an annual assessment period. The effect is obviously clear toward the end of the year and it is involved with the investors'' myopic of the assessment to the managers'' performances. 2.In our model, the bonus is similar to a call option on the funds'' portfolio. Three types of incentive contracts are compared. The results show that the incentive contract with penalty can reduce managers to adversely alter the risk of the portfolio they manage. It dominates the pure incentive contract and only with a ceiling incentive contract. Questionnaires investigated by fund managers will support some hypothesis.
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Books on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Chung, Demi. Private Provision of Public Services. Edited by Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.26.

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The first public–private partnership (PPP) motorway in Australia was open to traffic more than two decades ago, and yet no comprehensive evaluation of PPPs in the road transport sector has been sighted. It is the intention of this chapter to fill this gap. Although there have been noticeable advancements in contract design and use of incentive mechanisms to optimize risk allocation between the public and private sectors, Australian PPP motorways have yet to deliver an optimal outcome. It is questionable whether the current risk-shifting approach in the present PPP paradigm is suitable for providing infrastructure-based road services where long-term service provision is a requirement. In such cases, a proactive risk management approach may be preferred.
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Wessels, Bob, and Stephan Madaus, eds. Rescue of Business in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826521.001.0001.

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This edited volume is based on the European Law Institute’s (ELI) project ‘Rescue of Business in Insolvency Law’. The project ran from 2013 to 2017 under the auspices of the ELI and was conducted by Bob Wessels and Stephan Madaus, who were assisted by Gert-Jan Boon. The study sought to design (elements of) a legal framework that will enable the further development of coherent and functional rules for business rescue in Europe. This includes certain statutory procedures that could better enable parties to negotiate solutions where a business becomes financially distressed. Such a framework also includes rules to determine in which procedures and under which conditions an enforceable solution can be imposed upon creditors and other stakeholders despite their lack of consent. The project had a broad scope, and extended to consider frameworks that can be used by (non-financial) businesses out of court, and in a pre-insolvency context. Part I of this book, the ELI Instrument as approved by the ELI Council and General Assembly, features 115 recommendations on a wide variety of themes affected by the rescue of financially distressed businesses, such as the legal rules for professions and courts, treatment and ranking of creditors’ claims, contract, corporate and labour law as well as laws relating to transaction avoidance. Part II consists of national reports that sketch the legal landscape in 13 States and of an ‘Inventory Report on International Recommendations from Standard-Setting Organisations’, both of which provided insight for the drafting of the Instrument. This volume is designed to assist those involved in a process of law reform and those setting standards for soft law in the business rescue context.
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Allen, Jason, and Peter Hunn, eds. Smart Legal Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858467.001.0001.

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This book provides a landmark survey of computational contracting: one of the most important legal and practical trends for centuries. Computational contracts introduce software functionalities to operationalize, rather than merely record, acts of commercial coordination. In doing so, they bring together software and law in interesting and unchartered ways to create dynamic documents that present unique opportunities and challenges. Distributed ledger technologies have propelled ‘smart contracts’ into mainstream application over the last decade. The introduction of software into contractual relationships, however, may be implemented in a number of ways, of which such ‘smart contracts’ are only one. Broadly, it is possible both to express legal promises in code and to incorporate code-based elements within conventional (‘paper’) contracts. This volume examines the observed approaches and reflects critically on their relationship and the common issues raised. The organizing principle behind the volume is that emerging design patterns and considerations are beginning to form around the instantiation of code in contractual agreements—the ‘smart legal contract’. With incisive analyses from legal scholars, computer scientists, judges, and legal practitioners across common law jurisdictions, this volume addresses many of the foundational questions raised by smart contracts in legal theory and practice and provides a critical point of orientation in an emerging but still disparate literature.
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Koplowitz, Stephan. On Site. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515235.001.0001.

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On Site: Methods for Site-Specific Performance Creation is written for artists and students at all levels who wish to explore the artistic and production processes of making sited works. The book covers specific, practical strategies for an array of issues to consider before, during, and after embarking upon a project: selecting a site, researching and exploring a site for inspiration and content, considering differences in urban and natural environments, procuring permits, designing the audience experience, defining key production roles, and building effective collaborations with different artists. It also suggests techniques to generate site-inspired production elements such as sound/music, costumes, lighting, and media. The book includes helpful chapters on project budgeting, contract negotiation, fundraising, marketing, documentation, and assessment, useful to everyone involved in productions. On Site is a guide designed to make site work practical, intentional, and attainable. Based on the author’s career spanning over 30 years of site creation, the book also includes the voices of over 24 other artists, producers, and writers who share their perspectives and experience on the many topics covered. On Site is a clearly written resource that will become a well-worn reference for anyone interested in the creative process and discovering the power of site-specific works.
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Lærke, Mogens. Spinoza and the Freedom of Philosophizing. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895417.001.0001.

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In the seventeenth century, a new kind of public sphere emerged in the Dutch Republic. Courtly structures of political advice made room for new, republican forms of public consultation between the sovereign powers and the general citizenry. Missing, however, were guidelines for how and when to address questions of public import, how to shape citizens sufficiently unprejudiced and in possession of their own free judgment to speak up for themselves in public deliberations, and how to ensure that citizens would candidly engage in public speech with the best interest of the republic in mind, and not simply pursue their private advantage with deception and flattery. This book argues that Spinoza’s freedom of philosophizing and the systematic theory he developed to defend it in his 1670 Tractatus theologico-politicus were conceived to provide just such guidelines. It shows how he understood the freedom of philosophizing as a collective style of reasoning and argument based on mutual teaching and advising, providing a model for the public sphere in a free republic. The book studies the conditions under which Spinoza believed such a public sphere of free philosophizing would flourish, including democratic-republican realignment of the structures of political counsel and sovereign command, popular reform of civic education and instruction in the arts and sciences, establishment of a national religion allowing better regulation of a multi-religious society, and the teaching of theological and political doctrines of universal faith and social contract designed to promote the practice of true religion and prevent citizens from persecuting each other.
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Book chapters on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Kaleeswaran, Arut Prakash, Arne Nordmann, Thomas Vogel, and Lars Grunske. "Counterexample Interpretation for Contract-Based Design." In Model-Based Safety and Assessment, 99–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58920-2_7.

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Bozzano, Marco, Alessandro Cimatti, Cristian Mattarei, and Stefano Tonetta. "Formal Safety Assessment via Contract-Based Design." In Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, 81–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11936-6_7.

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Benveniste, Albert, Benoît Caillaud, Alberto Ferrari, Leonardo Mangeruca, Roberto Passerone, and Christos Sofronis. "Multiple Viewpoint Contract-Based Specification and Design." In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 200–225. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92188-2_9.

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Vanherpen, Ken, Joachim Denil, Paul De Meulenaere, and Hans Vangheluwe. "Ontological Reasoning as an Enabler of Contract-Based Co-design." In Cyber Physical Systems. Design, Modeling, and Evaluation, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51738-4_8.

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Micklich, Julia, and Rainer Lasch. "Contract Design of Logistics Performance-Based Contracting: A Morphological Box." In Logistics Management, 355–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13177-1_28.

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Tabassam, Nadra, and Martin Georg Fränzle. "Scenario-Oriented Contract Based Design for Safety of Autonomous Vehicles." In Smart Transportation Systems 2022, 171–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2813-0_18.

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Irnanda, Cut Riska, Isfenti Sadalia, and Nazaruddin. "Contract Analysis for Design and Build Lump Sum Price." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 1162–69. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_143.

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AbstractA toll road is one of the National Strategic Projects with complete problems and needs highspeed performance during construction. So, contract construction that is usually applied to these projects is design and build contract. Furthermore, best practice for Design and Build is combined with Lump Sum as an estimation cost aspect, so the type of contract used is Design and Build Lump Sum Price. This study aims to review the implementation of the Design and Build Lup Sum Price Contract based on the terms and conditions in the Indonesian Legislation and FIDIC on the Trans Sumatra Toll Project Kuala Tanjung – Inderapura Section 2 according to the contractor’s point of view to mitigating the negative risks that arise especially in the financial aspect. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative data analysis method by comparing the implementation of the contract according to the applicable law. The first step was to collect secondary data in a contractual resume, then make a study based on existing legal standards. Based on the results, it can be stated that the design and build Lump Sum price contract is a construction work contract in order to complete a job within a certain period of time according to the basic design scope as the basis for quotation, which has fixed costs as long as no intervention results in changes contract documents that may give additional payments for the rights. In the construction of the Kuala Tanjung – Inderapura Toll Road Section 2, there was an additional scope of the contract which resulted in additional work due to instructions from the owner and other parties, as well as an intervention to change specifications due to differences in the basic design at the tender which poses negative risks to the financial aspect for the contractor.
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Yang, Qi, Fangfang Xu, Yu Zhang, Fang Liu, Wei Hu, and Qinghan Liao. "Design and Implementation of a Loan System Based on Smart Contract." In Smart Blockchain, 22–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05764-0_3.

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Cimatti, Alessandro, Rance DeLong, Davide Marcantonio, and Stefano Tonetta. "Combining MILS with Contract-Based Design for Safety and Security Requirements." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 264–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24249-1_23.

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Lei, Wang, Ma Yichao, Zhu Liuzhu, Wang Xuli, Cong Hao, and Shi Tiancheng. "Design of Integrated Energy Market Service System Based on Blockchain Smart Contract." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 421–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7156-2_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Silva, Caine, Sylvain Guérin, Raúl Mazo, and Joel Champeau. "Contract-based design patterns." In ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409185.

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Ribeiro dos Santos, Cesar Augusto, Amr Hany Saleh, Tom Schrijvers, and Mike Nicolai. "CONDEnSe: Contract Based Design Synthesis." In 2019 ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/models.2019.00009.

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Van Acker, Bert, and Joachim Denil. "Contract-based product-assembly co-design." In MODELS '22: ACM/IEEE 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3559575.

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Ozkaya, Mert, and Christos Kloukinas. "Towards Design-by-Contract based software architecture design." In 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/somet.2013.6645654.

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Iannopollo, Antonio, Pierluigi Nuzzo, Stavros Tripakis, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Library-based scalable refinement checking for contract-based design." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date.2014.167.

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Iannopollo, Antonio, Pierluigi Nuzzo, Stavros Tripakis, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Library-based scalable refinement checking for contract-based design." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date2014.167.

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Cancila, Daniela, Hadi Zaatiti, and Roberto Passerone. "Cyber-Physical System and Contract-Based Design." In ESWEEK'15: ELEVENTH EMBEDDED SYSTEM WEEK. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2832920.2832924.

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Soderberg, Andreas, and Rolf Johansson. "Safety contract based design of software components." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issrew.2013.6688922.

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Sun, Xuening, Pierluigi Nuzzo, Chang-Ching Wu, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Contract-based system-level composition of analog circuits." In the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1629911.1630066.

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Sehnke, Tobias, Matthias Schultalbers, and Rolf Ernst. "Contract-based integration of automotive control software." In 2017 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927248.

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Reports on the topic "Contract-based Design"

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Баттахов, П. П. Договоры о передаче исключительных прав на объекты промышленной собственности с участием социальных предприятий. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1818-1538-2021-55669.

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The article considers contractual designs aimed at transferring exclusive rights to industrial property. The problem of the contractual process was identified when concluding a contract on the transfer of a set of exclusive rights. Based on the study, a number of changes to Russian laws have been proposed. First of all, this applies to a commercial concession contract. The author proposes to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by supplementing the article on commercial concession with the right of organizations that do not conduct commercial activities to conclude the same contracts on a general basis. The appropriateness of applying the classification of transactions into real and consensual ones in relation to this contract is justified. The peculiarities of transfer of the complex of exclusive rights to objects of industrial property with participation of social enterprises under the legislation of the Russian Federation are studied.
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.

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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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User Guide for Procurement of Works: Standard Bidding Document (FIDIC Red Book (2017)). Asian Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220342-2.

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This publication provides guidance for borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for an admeasurement (unit price) type of works contract using FIDIC Red Book (2017) general terms and conditions. It also covers how to evaluate bids and award contracts, based on the Asian Development Bank’s Standard Bidding Document for the Procurement of Works for cases “with” and “without” prequalification. The SBDs make use of the Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer (“Red book”) Second edition 2017, published by the Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseil (FIDIC). This guide applies to projects governed by the Procurement Regulations for ADB Borrowers: Goods, Works, Nonconsulting and Consulting Services (2017), as amended from time to time).
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