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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contour

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Academic literature on the topic 'Contour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Contour"

1

Liu, Hao, Hongbo Qian, Ning Dai, and Jianning Zhao. "Heuristic Initialization for Active Contour Models in CT/MRI Image Processing." International Journal of Image and Graphics 15, no. 03 (June 11, 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467815500102.

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It is an important segmentation approach of CT/MRI images to automatically extract contours in every slice using active contour models. The key point of the segmentation approach is to automatically construct initial contours for active contour models because any active contour model is sensitive to its initial contour. This paper presents an algorithm to construct such initial contours using a heuristic method. Assume that the contour in previous slice (previous contour) is accurate. The contour in the current slice (current contour) is constructed according to the previous contour using the way: Recognition and link of edge points of tissues according to the previous contour. The contour linking edge points is used as the initial contour of the distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE) method and then an accurate contour can be extracted in the current slice.

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Xiao, Xiao, Yuhang Liu, and Yanci Zhang. "Iterative Low-Poly Building Model Reconstruction from Mesh Soups Based on Contour." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2024): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040695.

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Existing contour-based building-reconstruction methods face the challenge of producing low-poly results. In this study, we introduce a novel iterative contour-based method to reconstruct low-poly meshes with only essential details from mesh soups. Our method focuses on two primary targets that determine the quality of the results: reduce the total number of contours, and generate compact surfaces between contours. Specifically, we implemented an iterative pipeline to gradually extract vital contours by loss and topological variance, and potential redundant contours will be removed in a post-processing procedure. Based on these vital contours, we extracted the planar primitives of buildings as references for contour refinement to obtain compact contours. The connection relationships between these contours are recovered for surface generation by a contour graph, which is constructed using multiple bipartite graphs. Then, a low-poly mesh can be generated from the contour graph using our contour-interpolation algorithm based on polyline splitting. The experiments demonstrated that our method produced satisfactory results and outperformed the previous methods.

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Ramli, Izzad, Nursuriati Jamil, and Noraini Seman. "An Iterated Two-Step Sinusoidal Pitch Contour Formulation for Expressive Speech Synthesis." Journal of Information and Communication Technology 20, No.4 (September 27, 2021): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jict2021.20.4.2.

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Intonation generation in expressive speech such as storytelling is essential to produce high quality Malay language expressive speech synthesizer. Intonation generation, for instance explicit control, has shown good performance in terms of intelligibility with reasonably natural speech; thus, it was selected in this research. This approach modifies the prosodic features, such as pitch contour, intensity, and duration, to generate the intonation. However, modification of pitch contour remains a problem because the desired pitch contour is not achieved. This paper formulated an improved pitch contour algorithm to develop a modified pitch contour resembling the natural pitch contour. In this work, the syllable pitch contours of nine storytellers were extracted from their storytelling speeches to create an expressive speech syllable dataset called STORY_DATA. All the shapes of pitch contours from STORY_DATA were analyzed and clustered into the standard six main pitch contour clusters for storytelling. The clustering was performed using one minus the Pearson product moment correlation. Then, an improved iterative two-step sinusoidal pitch contour formulation was introduced to modify the pitch contours of a neutral speech into an expressive pitch contour of natural speeches. Overall, the improved pitch contour formulation was able to achieve 93 percent high correlated matches, indicating the high resemblance as compared to the previous pitch contour formulation at 15 percent. Therefore, the improved formula can be used in a text-to-speech (TTS) synthesizer to produce a more natural expressive speech. The paper also discovered unique expressive pitch contours in the Malay language that need further investigations in the future.

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Peng, Yan Jun, and Shuai Zhang. "A Novel Approach for Active Contour Initialization in 3D Medical Image Segmentation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.1004.

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Contour initialization is a big problem of the active contour model. Using the continuous features of the three-dimensional medical image, this paper proposes an initial contour prediction model. There are some changes in the boundary contours of the same object. We attribute these changes to continuous translation and similar deformation, and quantify into the centroid displacement and displacement of the point in the direction of Normal. The curve fitting method is used to predict the centroid displacement and the displacement of the points of the contours, which can provide more accurate prediction of changes in the contour. By predicting the initial contour, we have solved the contour initialization problem of the parametric active contour with external force using vector field convolution.

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Li, Wu, and Charles D. Gilbert. "Global Contour Saliency and Local Colinear Interactions." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00289.2002.

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Our visual system can link components of contours and segregate contours from complex backgrounds based on geometric grouping rules. This is an important intermediate step in object recognition. The substrate for contour integration may be based on contextual interactions and intrinsic horizontal connections seen in primary visual cortex (V1). We examined the perceptual rules governing contour saliency to determine whether the spatial extents of contextual interactions and horizontal connections match those mediating saliency. To quantify these rules, we used stimuli composed of randomly oriented nonoverlapping line segments. Salient contours within this complex background were formed by colinear alignment of nearby segments. Contour detectability was measured using a 2-interval-forced-choice design. Contour detectability deteriorated with increasing spacing between contour elements and improved as the number of colinear line elements was increased. At short contour spacing, the detectability reached a plateau with alignment of a few line segments that together formed a contour subtending several visual degrees. At intermediate spacing, saliency built up progressively with a greater number of colinear lines, extending up to 30°. When contour spacing was beyond a critical range (about 2°), however, the detectability dropped to chance levels, regardless of the number of colinear lines. Contour detectability was found to be a function not only of the relative spacing of contour elements with respect to the noise elements but also of the average density of the overall pattern. Furthermore, training significantly improved contour detection, increasing the critical spacing of line elements beyond which contours were no longer detectable. Our data suggest that global contour integration is based on mechanisms of limited spatial extent, comparable to the interactions observed in V1. These interactions can cascade over larger distances provided the spacing of stimulus elements is kept within a limited range.

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Schmuckler, Mark A. "Testing Models of Melodic Contour Similarity." Music Perception 16, no. 3 (1999): 295–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285795.

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In two experiments, descriptions of melodic contour structure and predictions of perceived similarity relations between pairs of contours produced by a number of different models are examined. Two of these models, based on the music- theoretic approaches of Friedmann (1985) and Marvin and Laprade (1987), characterize contours in terms of interval content or contour subset information. The remaining two approaches quantify the global shape of the contours, through the presence of cyclical information (assessed via Fourier analysis) and the amount of oscillation (e. g., reversals in direction, pitch deviations) in the contours. Theoretical predictions for contour similarity generated by these models were examined for 20th century, nontonal melodies (Experiment 1) and simplistic, tonal patterns (Experiment 2). These experiments demonstrated that similarity based on Fourier analysis procedures and oscillation measures predicted a derived measure of perceived similarity, with both variables contributing relatively independently; the music- theoretic models were inconsistent in their predictive power. These results suggest that listeners are sensitive to the presence of global shape information in melodic contour, with such information underlying the perception of contour structure and contour similarity.

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LIU, HAO, GUANHUA ZHU, JIANNING ZHAO, HONGBO QIAN, and NING DAI. "RECOGNITION OF OCCLUSIONS IN CT IMAGES USING A CURVE-BASED PARAMETERIZATION METHOD." International Journal of Image and Graphics 13, no. 04 (October 2013): 1350018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467813500186.

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It is an important way for segmentations of CT images to extract contours of objects slice-by-slice. For such a way, an important idea is analogy. That is to say, correct the contour in current slice (current contour) according to the contour in previous slice (previous contour). The key to properly correct the current contour is the ability to recognize occlusions (or say leaking parts) in the current contour. We present a curve-based curve parameterization method to recognize occlusions. The previous contour is evolved to the current contour using line projections. In the process of evolution, the parameterization is realized, which includes two types of information for every point in the evolved contour: the arc length parameter on the previous contour, and distance moved from the initial position to the present position. Using these two parameters, we are able to recognize occlusions in the current contour. Many experiments indicate that the method can recognize all of the occlusions in a given contour. Consequently, the method is robust and can be used as a part of an algorithm to automatically extract contours for CT images.

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Yang, Shudi, Jiaxiong Wu, and Zhipeng Feng. "Dual-Fusion Active Contour Model with Semantic Information for Saliency Target Extraction of Underwater Images." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052515.

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Underwater vision research is the foundation of marine-related disciplines. The target contour extraction is significant for target tracking and visual information mining. Aiming to resolve the problem that conventional active contour models cannot effectively extract the contours of salient targets in underwater images, we propose a dual-fusion active contour model with semantic information. First, the saliency images are introduced as semantic information and salient target contours are extracted by fusing Chan–Vese and local binary fitting models. Then, the original underwater images are used to supplement the missing contour information by using the local image fitting. Compared with state-of-the-art contour extraction methods, our dual-fusion active contour model can effectively filter out background information and accurately extract salient target contours. Moreover, the proposed model achieves the best results in the quantitative comparison of MAE (mean absolute error), ER (error rate), and DR (detection rate) indicators and provides reliable prior knowledge for target tracking and visual information mining.

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Wang, Ying, Zhi Xian Lin, Jian Guo Cao, and Mao Qing Li. "Automatic MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation System Based on Localizing Active Contour Models." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1342.

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In this paper, an automatic segmentation system was developed for MRI brain tumor. Local region-based active contour models were suitable for heterogeneous features of brain MRI image. But the models are sensitive to initial contour, which generally requires manual setting. An automatic MRI brain tumor segmentation system were developed based on localized contour models, which can identify tumor-dominant slice, set initial contour automatically and segment tumor’s contours from all MRI slices autonomously. K-means clustering and grayscale analysis were combined to identify tumor-dominant slice. Multi-threshold algorithm with the aid of erosion and dilation operators was adopted to obtain an initial contour for the tumor-dominant slice. The segmentation contour from the local active contour models was applied as initial contours of two-side neighboring slices. MRI brain tumor data were applied to validate the automatic segmentation system.

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GEISLER, WILSON S., and JEFFREY S. PERRY. "Contour statistics in natural images: Grouping across occlusions." Visual Neuroscience 26, no. 1 (January 2009): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080875.

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AbstractCorrectly interpreting a natural image requires dealing properly with the effects of occlusion, and hence, contour grouping across occlusions is a major component of many natural visual tasks. To better understand the mechanisms of contour grouping across occlusions, we (a) measured the pair-wise statistics of edge elements from contours in natural images, as a function of edge element geometry and contrast polarity, (b) derived the ideal Bayesian observer for a contour occlusion task where the stimuli were extracted directly from natural images, and then (c) measured human performance in the same contour occlusion task. In addition to discovering new statistical properties of natural contours, we found that naïve human observers closely parallel ideal performance in our contour occlusion task. In fact, there was no region of the four-dimensional stimulus space (three geometry dimensions and one contrast dimension) where humans did not closely parallel the performance of the ideal observer (i.e., efficiency was approximately constant over the entire space). These results reject many other contour grouping hypotheses and strongly suggest that the neural mechanisms of contour grouping are tightly related to the statistical properties of contours in natural images.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contour"

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Bouvier, Christian. "Segmentation région-contour des contours des lèvres." Phd thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462022.

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La thèse présentée a été effectuée en cotutelle entre l'Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble et l'université Laval à Québec. Les travaux ont impliqué les laboratoires universitaire GIPSAlab à Grenoble et le Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques de l'Université Laval (LVSN). Notre étude porte sur la segmentation des contours internes et externes des lèvres. L'objectif visé dans notre étude est de proposer un ensemble de méthodes permettant de modéliser précisément la zone de la bouche avec la meilleure robustesse possible. Par robustesse, notre entendons obtenir une méthode fiable qui ne nécessite pas de réglage de paramètres et qui permette une segmentation fidèle des contours externes et internes de la bouche. Dans un premier temps, une approche combinée région-contour est introduite dans le but d'obtenir une segmentation multi-locuteur de la bouche sur des images de visage en couleurs. Nous décrivons une approche par décorrélation permettant d'augmenter le contraste entre la peau et les lèvres sur des images en couleurs ainsi qu'une étude sur les gradients multi-échelles pour améliorer la robustesse de la modélisation des contours de la bouche. Ensuite nous présentons notre méthode de localisation et de segmentation régioncontour de la bouche sur des images de visage en couleurs. Dans un second temps nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection de l'état de la bouche. L'étape de détection de l'état de la bouche est nécessaire à la modélisation de la région interne qui présente une grande variabilité de forme et de texture. Une approche bioinspirée, basée sur un modèle de rétine et de cortex visuel conduisant au calcul d'un spectre Log-polaire, a été développée pour modéliser la zone de la bouche. Ces spectres sont, ensuite, utilisés pour entraîner un réseau SVM destiné à identifier l'état de la bouche. D'autre part, de nombreux auteurs ont suggéré d'utiliser la modalité infrarouge en analyse faciale. Le LVSN possédant une solide expertise dans le domaine de la vision infrarouge, une étude sur la pertinence de la modalité infrarouge dans le cadre de la segmentation des lèvres est proposée. Après avoir localisé la bouche et identifié l'état de la bouche, nous nous intéressons alors à la segmentation des contours externes et internes de la bouche. Un modèle polynomial de contour externe, dont la complexité sera automatiquement adaptée en fonction de la bouche traitée, est présenté. L'aspect de la zone interne de la bouche pouvant varier très rapidement, l'extraction du contour interne est particulièrement difficile. Nous proposons de traiter ce problème par une méthode de classification non-supervisée pour sélectionner les régions internes de la bouche. La méthode de modélisation de contour par un modèle polynomial est par la suite appliquée pour extraire le contour interne de la bouche. Enfin, une analyse quantitative de la performance globale de l'extraction des contours internes et externes est réalisée par comparaison avec des vérités-terrain.

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Bouvier, Christian. "Segmentation région-contour des contours des lèvres." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0009.

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La thèse présentée a été effectuée en cotutelle entre l'Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble et l'université Laval à Québec. Les travaux ont impliqué les laboratoires universitaire GIPSAlab à Grenoble et le Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques de l'Université Laval (LVSN). Notre étude porte sur la segmentation des contours internes et externes des lèvres. L'objectif visé dans notre étude est de proposer un ensemble de méthodes permettant de modéliser précisément la zone de la bouche avec la meilleure robustesse possible. Par robustesse, notre entendons obtenir une méthode fiable qui ne nécessite pas de réglage de paramètres et qui permette une segmentation fidèle des contours externes et internes de la bouche. Dans un premier temps, une approche combinée région-contour est introduite dans le but d'obtenir une segmentation multi-locuteur de la bouche sur des images de visage en couleurs. Nous décrivons une approche par décorrélation permettant d'augmenter le contraste entre la peau et les lèvres sur des images en couleurs ainsi qu'une étude sur les gradients multi-échelles pour améliorer la robustesse de la modélisation des contours de la bouche. Ensuite nous présentons notre méthode de localisation et de segmentation régioncontour de la bouche sur des images de visage en couleurs. Dans un second temps nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection de l'état de la bouche. L'étape de détection de l'état de la bouche est nécessaire à la modélisation de la région interne qui présente une grande variabilité de forme et de texture. Une approche bioinspirée, basée sur un modèle de rétine et de cortex visuel conduisant au calcul d'un spectre Log-polaire, a été développée pour modéliser la zone de la bouche. Ces spectres sont, ensuite, utilisés pour entraîner un réseau SVM destiné à identifier l'état de la bouche. D'autre part, de nombreux auteurs ont suggéré d'utiliser la modalité infrarouge en analyse faciale. Le LVSN possédant une solide expertise dans le domaine de la vision infrarouge, une étude sur la pertinence de la modalité infrarouge dans le cadre de la segmentation des lèvres est proposée. Après avoir localisé la bouche et identifié l'état de la bouche, nous nous intéressons alors à la segmentation des contours externes et internes de la bouche. Un modèle polynomial de contour externe, dont la complexité sera automatiquement adaptée en fonction de la bouche traitée, est présenté. L'aspect de la zone interne de la bouche pouvant varier très rapidement, l'extraction du contour interne est particulièrement difficile. Nous proposons de traiter ce problème par une méthode de classification non-supervisée pour sélectionner les régions internes de la bouche. La méthode de modélisation de contour par un modèle polynomial est par la suite appliquée pour extraire le contour interne de la bouche. Enfin, une analyse quantitative de la performance globale de l'extraction des contours internes et externes est réalisée par comparaison avec des vérités-terrain
This report presents the thesis that has been jointly conducted at the Grenoble Institute of Technology in France and at the Laval University in Canada. The work involves the GIPSA-lab in Grenoble and the CVSL of the Laval University. The aim of the thesis is to propose a set of robust methods to segment the lips outer and inner contours. In terms of robustness, we intend to propose a reliable lips contours segmentation that does not require the tuning of parameters. In the fist chapter a state of the art of mouth analysis is given. In the second chapter of this report, we will introduce our “region-contour” based approach to segment a binary mask of the lips on static face color images. First, we will describe the decorrelation-stretch algorithm we use to enhance the contrast between lips pixels and skin pixels and then a multi-scale gradients approach to contour modeling. The last part of the chapter will focus on the segmentation of a lips binary mask by automatic thresholding of a specific chromatic component. In chapter three we will be interested in the mouth state identification problem. The knowledge of mouth state is critical if one is to propose a robust segmentation of the lips internal contours. A bio-inspired approach based on retina and visual cortex models has been developed to compute a scale invariant mouth description: the log-polar spectrum. Log-polar spectrums, computed on a manually classified mouth images database, are used to train a SVM network. The goal of the network is to classify unknown mouth images in 2 clusters: open mouth and closed mouth. Recently, infrared based approaches have become popular in face analysis, especially for face recognition problems. Infrared thermography is an area of extensive expertise at the CVSL. In order to enhance the robustness of the lips contours segmentation, we studied the potential of the information given by infrared face images. A combined visible/infrared face image database has been constructed for that purpose. Chapter 4 describes the construction of the combined visible/infrared database and the statistical study of the skin/lips contrast on infrared face images. The last chapter deals with the outer and inner lips contours segmentation. The mouth outer contour is processed first. Using the lips binary mask given by the algorithm described in chapter 2, we have developed an adaptive contour model for the external mouth contour. The contour will be described by a polynomial curve. The complexity of the curve will be adapted using color and multi-scale gradients information. For the inner lips contour, we proposed an unsupervised classification method to segment the inner areas of the mouth. This gives us a binary mask of the inner areas of the mouth. Finally, given the mask of the inner areas of the mouth, the contour is extracted by using the same method that has been applied on the outer contour. The last section of chapter 5 will deal with the performance evaluation of our segmentation algorithms. An original approach for contour comparison, based on Fourier descriptors, has been developed for that purpose

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Nordberg, Johan. "Contour." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17074.

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Traditional sketching with pen on paper can be seen as to visualize the memory. Limited to a framework of influences, experiences and ideas the outcome will result in something already known.In searching for knowledge an experimental sketch method counteracts this framework. The aim of this work is to explore morph animation of archetypical garments. Shape interpolation in Adobe Flash software makes it possible to calculate the way between two silhouettes. The result is a third silhouette, a morph of selected garments and depends on where the animation is paused. The work also deals with the gap between visualize(sketching) and making(construction/realization). In the investigation a new way of using animation as an sketch method have been found. Also how to use computer based 3D sketching in fashion design and an alternative construction method based on paper craft techniques have been developed. The collection consists of garments based on a morph between a classic skirt and a blazer to discuss new visions and possibility’s in fashion. Can the way we sketch, construct and produce affect garment definitions? And how could the findings in this work being used in a commercial industry.
Program: Modedesignutbildningen

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Wang, Jiankang. "Actively searching contour models for contour extraction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0014/NQ59691.pdf.

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Ananta, Soujanya Siddavaram. "Contour Extraction of Drosophila Embryos Using Active Contours in Scale Space." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1222.

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Contour extraction of Drosophila embryos is an important step to build a computational system for pattern matching of embryonic images which aids in the discovery of genes. Automatic contour extraction of embryos is challenging due to several image variations such as size, shape, orientation and neigh- boring embryos such as touching and non-touching embryos. In this thesis, we introduce a framework for contour extraction based on the connected components in the gaussian scale space of an embryonic image. The active contour model is applied on the images to refine embryo contours. Data cleaning methods are applied to smooth the jaggy contours caused by blurred embryo boundaries. The scale space theory is applied to improve the performance of the result. The active contour adjusts better to the object for finer scales. The proposed framework contains three components. In the first component, we find the connected components of the image. The second component is to find the largest component of the image. Finally, we analyze the largest component across scales by selecting the optimal scale corresponding to the largest component having largest area. The optimal scale at which maximum area is attained is assumed to give information about the feature being extracted. We tested the proposed framework on BDGP images, and the results achieved promising accuracy in extracting the targeting embryo.

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WANG, XUN. "ON CONSTRAINED CONTOUR ENERGY MINIMIZATION: A NEW APPROACH TO DEFORMABLE CONTOUR METHODS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1106795223.

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劉藹欣 and Oi-yan Elizabeth Lau. "Wrist pulse contour analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35273525.

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Lau, Oi-yan Elizabeth. "Wrist pulse contour analysis." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25085463.

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Wang, Xun. "On constrained contour energy minimization." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1106795223.

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Nelson, Christopher. "Contour encoded compression and transmission /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1613.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Contour"

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1947-2004, Reinartz Dirk, ed. Te Tuhirangi Contour. Göttingen: Steidl, 2005.

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Bergé, Carol. Zebras: Or, Contour lines. Bowling Green, Ohio: Tribal/Center Press, 1991.

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Toronto), Symposium on colour and contour (1988 University of. Symposium on colour and contour. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science and Anatomy, 1988.

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United States. Soil Conservation Service, ed. Contour stripcropping: Minnesota job sheet. St. Paul, Minn: USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1992.

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Gallery, Ikon, ed. John Flaxman: Line to contour. Birmingham: Ikon, 2013.

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La théorie du drap contour. Montréal]: Hurtubise, 2016.

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Gregory, D. Determination of approximate original contour. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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United States. Soil Conservation Service, ed. Contour buffer strips: Minnesota job sheet. St. Paul, Minn: USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1992.

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Thoe, Teck Beng. Ultrasonic contour machining of ceramic materials. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Jobson, Daniel J. Spatial visiono Processes of contour information. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contour"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "contour." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2395.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "contour pencil." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2396.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "crayon contour." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 132. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2504.

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Shima, Hiroyuki, and Tsuneyoshi Nakayama. "Contour Integrals." In Higher Mathematics for Physics and Engineering, 259–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b138494_9.

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Yao, Kai. "Contour Process." In Uncertain Differential Equations, 29–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52729-0_4.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Contour Length." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 169. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2876.

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Lewis, Carson M., and Luiz S. Toledo. "Contour Augmentation." In Superficial Liposculpture, 73–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9302-3_5.

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MacCormick, John. "Contour likelihoods." In Stochastic Algorithms for Visual Tracking, 38–64. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0679-1_3.

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Nahin, Paul J. "Contour Integration." In Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics, 279–341. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1277-3_8.

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Weik, Martin H. "blanketing contour." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 131. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1667.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contour"

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Walters, Deborah K. W. "Discrete contour descriptors." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.fd7.

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A parametric representation of discrete image contours is presented which has the following properties: the parameters capture the perceptually relevant qualities of the contour, and the representation is compact. The descriptors are based on a segmentation of arbitrary image contours using constraints from both human visual perception and human generation of contour images. It can be proved that any such segment can be uniquely represented by a single 2-D real-valued vector. This compactness can be attributed to the use of a discrete representation and a perceptually significant segmentation. But for the parametric descriptors to be perceptually valid, a redundant representation which includes a few additional parameters is required. In addition to descriptors for individual segments, the relations between segments must be included in a complete contour description. The complete contour descriptors provide a representation which is translation, scaling, and rotation invariant for objects yet encodes relative scaling, translation, and rotation for object parts. The usefulness of the complete contour descriptors is demonstrated by their use in a neural network which learns to recognize individual handwritten digits.

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Landers, Robert G., and S. N. Balakrishnan. "Hierarchical Optimal Contour-Position Control of Motion Control Systems." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59419.

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Contour control is critical in many motion control systems (e.g., manufacturing, robotics). A contour control algorithm is implemented in many applications to drive the contour error to zero; however, the additional algorithm significantly increases the complexity of the overall control system. In this paper, a hierarchical optimal control methodology is developed to design a single servomechanism control system capable of simultaneously driving contour error and individual servomechanism position errors to zero. The designer can systematically trade-off the importance of contour error and servomechanism position errors without the increased complexity of an additional algorithm. The methodology is applied to a two-axis motion control system and simulation studies are conducted for linear, circular, and elliptical contours. The results demonstrate the excellent tracking ability of the proposed motion control methodology and its utility for complex contours.

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Liu, Shoubin, and Weiyin Ma. "Feature-Based Segmentation of CT-Contours for Reverse Engineering." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9105.

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Abstract This paper presents results on feature-based segmentation of contour data for creating a CAD model in the context of CT-based reverse engineering applications. After pre-processing of CT-scanning results, the geometry of an existing part is represented as a collection of complex raw CT-contours. The interested CT-contours representing a large surface area or the complete external or internal surfaces are first extracted from the raw CT-contours. A feature-based segmentation technique is then applied to subdivide the extracted CT-contours into individual surface features. Based on the input of an open seed contour, all contour segments belonging to the same surface feature of the user-entered seed contour are segmented from others layer by layer using a seed-growing approach. A turning angle map is used for the identification of candidate feature points on an individual contour. An elastic spline and an optimization algorithm are used in the seed-growing process. A surface model can then be further created from the segmented features.

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Derraz, Foued, Laurent Peyrodie, Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed, and Gerard Forzy. "Interactive binary active contours for prostate contour delineation." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Bioinformatics & Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2012.6399727.

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Lv, Peng, Qingjie Zhao, and Dongbing Gu. "Contour tracking via on-line discriminative active contours." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025096.

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Fan, Yuan-Yi, Soyoung Shin, and Vids Samanta. "Contour." In UIST '17: The 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3131785.3131835.

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Vanem, Erik. "On the Influence of Environmental Contour Method in Estimating Extreme Structural Response." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61047.

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Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis in order to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. The perhaps most common way of establishing such environmental contours are based on the Rosenblatt transform and the IFORM approximation (Inverse First Order Reliability Method), but recently an alternative approach based on direct Monte Carlo simulations with importance sampling has been proposed. A recent comparison study revealed that there might be rather large differences in certain parts of the contours and for certain joint environmental models. In particular, the alternative contour method yields convex contours by design, whereas the traditional contours may be convex or non-convex. In this paper, comparison studies that include applications on a few structural examples are presented. Comparing the contours with known response surfaces, one may investigate how large the differences between the contour methods may be, and compare this to the correct extreme response estimated by simulation studies. These case studies clearly illustrate the influence of the environmental contour calculation method on the estimated extreme response. Whereas the different methods yield comparable results for some structural problems, they may give very different estimates of the extreme response for other. It is demonstrated that in certain cases, the estimates from some of the contour methods are highly conservative, whereas they in other cases might be very optimistic. The reason for these results are discussed and some requirements on the response functions for obtaining conservative estimates will be stated.

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Lu, Cewu, Shu Liu, Jiaya Jia, and Chi-Keung Tang. "Contour Box: Rejecting Object Proposals without Explicit Closed Contours." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2015.234.

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Sunderland, Kyle, Boyeong Woo, Csaba Pinter, and Gabor Fichtinger. "Reconstruction of surfaces from planar contours through contour interpolation." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Robert J. Webster and Ziv R. Yaniv. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2081436.

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Nakayama, Ken. "Transparency, depth, color, and contour." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fdd1.

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I present a series of stereoscopic demonstrations to show that the perception of transparency is closely related to luminance, contour, and depth. An image region is seen as transparent if it is of intermediate luminance relative to adjacent image regions, if it is perceived to be in front of another region, and if it has a border that provides information indicating that a surface is visible through this region. Yet transparency is not a passive end product of these required conditions. If transparency is seen, a number of seemingly more elemental perceptual primitives such as color, contour, and depth, can be radically altered. Thus, with the perception of transparency, neon-color spreading becomes apparent, contours can disappear, and depth can be profoundly altered.

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Reports on the topic "Contour"

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Frey, Lucille, and Guy Mcnamara. ASC Simulation-Setup Contour-File Specification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164018.

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Bachelder, Ivan A., and Shimon Ullman. Contour Matching Using Local Affine Transformations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada259601.

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Sewell, Christopher Meyer, James Paul Ahrens, Hamish Carr, and Gunther Weber. Data-Parallel Algorithm for Contour Tree Construction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340949.

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Johnston, John B. The Contour Model Architecture and Assembly Language. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217114.

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Ya, T. Manual on Contour Hedgerow Inter-cropping Technology. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.312.

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Ya, T., and A. B. Murray. Impact of Contour Hedgerows: A Case Study. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.415.

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Ya, T. Manual on Contour Hedgerow Inter-cropping Technology. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.312.

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Ya, T., and A. B. Murray. Impact of Contour Hedgerows: A Case Study. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.415.

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Brooks, Stephen. FETS-VFFA Cell using Contour-Based Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1895094.

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Prime, Michael. The Contour Method:Principle, Applications, Strengths and Weaknesses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2282515.

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