Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continuum traffic model

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Continuum traffic model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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Zhang, Yicai, Min Zhao, Dihua Sun, and Chen Dong. "An extended continuum mixed traffic model." Nonlinear Dynamics 103, no. 2 (January 2021): 1891–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06201-z.

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Wagner, C., C. Hoffmann, R. Sollacher, J. Wagenhuber, and B. Schürmann. "Second-order continuum traffic flow model." Physical Review E 54, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 5073–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.5073.

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Ge, H. X., and X. L. Han. "Density viscous continuum traffic flow model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 371, no. 2 (November 2006): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.03.034.

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Tang, C. F., R. Jiang, Q. S. Wu, B. Wiwatanapataphee, and Y. H. Wu. "Mixed Traffic Flow in Anisotropic Continuum Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1999, no. 1 (January 2007): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1999-02.

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Marques Jr, W., and R. M. Velasco. "An improved second-order continuum traffic model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2010, no. 02 (February 15, 2010): P02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2010/02/p02012.

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Gupta, A. K., and V. K. Katiyar. "A new anisotropic continuum model for traffic flow." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 368, no. 2 (August 2006): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.036.

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Mohan, Ranju, and Gitakrishnan Ramadurai. "Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Modelling Using Macroscopic Continuum Model." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 (December 2013): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.133.

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HUANG, DING-WEI. "TRIGGERED STOP-AND-GO TRAFFIC IN A CONTINUUM MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 12 (May 10, 2004): 1679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204024847.

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The triggered stop-and-go traffic states are investigated within the hydrodynamic approach. The detailed phase boundaries are obtained. Spatial–temporal profile of the congestion is analyzed. The smooth tail of the density profile provides a characteristic mechanism to trigger subsequent traffic jams.
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Strnad, Irena, and Rok Marsetič. "Differential Evolution Based Numerical Variable Speed Limit Control Method with a Non-Equilibrium Traffic Model." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020265.

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This paper introduces a numerical variable speed limit (VSL) control method on a motorway, modeled by the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) of a non- equilibrium continuum traffic model. The method consists of a macroscopic simulation (i.e., numerical solution of the system of PDEs of the continuum model), introduction of the solution-based cost function and numerical optimization with a differential evolution algorithm (DE). Due to the numerical solution scheme, the method enables application of a wide range of continuum traffic models without prior discretization of PDEs. In this way, the method overcomes the limitations of the basic continuum models and represents a step towards more accurate traffic modelling in control strategies. In this paper, we determine optimal variable speed limits with the DE algorithm on a motorway section modeled by the modified switching curve model, which is a non-equilibrium continuum model consistent with the three-phase traffic flow theory. The effectiveness of the determined variable speed limits is validated using microsimulations of the test section, which show promising reductions of queue lengths and number of stops.
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Liu, Guoqing, Anastasios S. Lyrintzis, and Panos G. Michalopoulos. "Improved High-Order Model for Freeway Traffic Flow." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1644, no. 1 (January 1998): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1644-05.

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An improved high-order continuum model is developed based on hyperbolic conservation laws with relaxation, linearized stability analysis, and more realistic considerations of traffic flow. The improved high-order model allows smooth traveling wave solutions as well as contact shocks (different densities moving at the same speed), is able to describe the amplification of small disturbances on heavy traffic, and allows fluctuations of speed around the equilibrium values. Furthermore, unlike existing high-order models, it does not result in negative speeds at the tail of congested regions and disturbance propagation speeds greater than the traffic flow velocity because the improved model has a zero characteristic speed and a nonnegative characteristic speed that is equal to the traffic flow velocity. The relaxation time is a function of density and, in the equilibrium limit, the improved high-order model is consistent with the simple continuum model. The improved high-order model is compared with the simple continuum model. Exemplary test results suggest that the improved high-order model is intuitively correct. Comparison of numerical results with field data suggests that the improved high-order model yields lower error levels than the simple continuum model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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Reed, Brandon B. "Continuum Traffic Flow at a Highway Interchange." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196711036.

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Berg, Peter. "Optimal-velocity models of motorway traffic." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367664.

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Tyagi, Vipin. "A non-continuum approach to obtain a macroscopic model for the flow of traffic." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5913.

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Existing macroscopic models for the flow of traffic treat traffic as a continuum or employ techniques similar to those used in the kinetic theory of gases. Spurious two- way propagation of disturbances that are physically unacceptable are predicted by continuum models for the flow of traffic. The number of vehicles in a typical section of a freeway does not justify traffic being treated as a continuum. It is also important to recognize that the basic premises of kinetic theory are not appropriate for the flow of traffic. A model for the flow of traffic that does not treat traffic as a continuum or use notions from kinetic theory is developed in this dissertation and corroborated with traffic data collected from the sensors deployed on US 183 freeway in Austin, Texas, USA. The flow of traffic exhibits distinct characteristics under different conditions and reflects the congestion during peak hours and relatively free motion during off-peak hours. This requires one to use different governing equations to describe the diverse traffic characteristics, namely the different traffic flow regimes of response. Such an approach has been followed in this dissertation. An observer based on extended Kalman filtering technique has been utilized for the purpose of estimating the traffic state. Historical traffic data has been used for model calibration. The estimated model parameters have consistent values for different traffic conditions. These esti- mated model parameters are then subsequently used for estimation of the state of traffic in real-time. A short-term traffic state forecasting approach, based on the non-continuum traffic model, which incorporates weighted historical and real-time traffic information has been developed. A methodology for predicting trip travel time based on this approach has also been developed. Ten and fifteen minute predictions for traffic state and trip travel time seem to agree well with the traffic data collected on US 183.
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MARCELLINI, FRANCESCA. "Conservation laws in gas dynamics and traffic flow." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7487.

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This PhD thesis is concerned with applications of nonlinear systems of conservation laws to gas dynamics and traffic flow modeling. The first part is devoted to the analytical description of a fluid flowing in a tube with varying cross section. We study the 2x2 model of the p-system and than, we extend the properties to the full 3x3 Euler system. We also consider a general nxn strictly hyperbolic system of balance laws; we study the Cauchy problem for this system and we apply this result to the fluid flow in a pipe wiyh varying section. Concerning traffic flow, we introduce a new macroscopic model, based on a non-smooth 2x2 system of conservation laws. We study the Riemann problem for this system and the qualitative properties of its solutions that are relevant from the point of view of traffic.
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Ho, Hung-wai, and 何鴻威. "A continuum modeling approach to traffic equilibrium problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31938267.

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Holland, Edward N. "Continuum and car-following models of road traffic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266303.

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Mounce, Richard. "Convergence in a continuous dynamic traffic assignment model." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411468.

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Kühn, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Continuous traffic flow models and their applications / Sebastian Kühn." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076437591/34.

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Shaikh, A. D. "Modelling data and voice traffic over IP networks using continuous-time Markov models." Thesis, Aston University, 2009. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15385/.

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Common approaches to IP-traffic modelling have featured the use of stochastic models, based on the Markov property, which can be classified into black box and white box models based on the approach used for modelling traffic. White box models, are simple to understand, transparent and have a physical meaning attributed to each of the associated parameters. To exploit this key advantage, this thesis explores the use of simple classic continuous-time Markov models based on a white box approach, to model, not only the network traffic statistics but also the source behaviour with respect to the network and application. The thesis is divided into two parts: The first part focuses on the use of simple Markov and Semi-Markov traffic models, starting from the simplest two-state model moving upwards to n-state models with Poisson and non-Poisson statistics. The thesis then introduces the convenient to use, mathematically derived, Gaussian Markov models which are used to model the measured network IP traffic statistics. As one of the most significant contributions, the thesis establishes the significance of the second-order density statistics as it reveals that, in contrast to first-order density, they carry much more unique information on traffic sources and behaviour. The thesis then exploits the use of Gaussian Markov models to model these unique features and finally shows how the use of simple classic Markov models coupled with use of second-order density statistics provides an excellent tool for capturing maximum traffic detail, which in itself is the essence of good traffic modelling. The second part of the thesis, studies the ON-OFF characteristics of VoIP traffic with reference to accurate measurements of the ON and OFF periods, made from a large multi-lingual database of over 100 hours worth of VoIP call recordings. The impact of the language, prosodic structure and speech rate of the speaker on the statistics of the ON-OFF periods is analysed and relevant conclusions are presented. Finally, an ON-OFF VoIP source model with log-normal transitions is contributed as an ideal candidate to model VoIP traffic and the results of this model are compared with those of previously published work.
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Tordeux, Antoine. "Étude de processus en temps continu modélisant l'écoulement de flux de trafic routier." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596941.

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Ce travail présente des modèles d'écoulement en temps continu de flux de trafic routier. En premier lieu, il s'agit de modèles microscopiques de poursuite. Un modèle par systèmes d'équations différentielles couplées est proposé, basé sur le temps inter-véhiculaire. Ce modèle intègre un temps de réaction et des possibilités d'anticipation pour chaque véhicule. Les paramètres sont estimés par maximum de vraisemblance dans un modèle statistique à deux niveaux. Des simulations permettent de caractériser le comportement d'une file de véhicules. Dans une approche stochastique, un modèle d'évolution de la distance inter-véhiculaire est étudié à l'aide du processus Markovien de saut zero-range. L'introduction d'un temps de réaction tend à produire des ondes cinématiques. D'autre part, un modèle d'écoulement de trafic par le processus Markovien de saut des misanthropes est proposé. Il s'agit d'une modélisation au niveau mésoscopique, adaptée à la simulation de flux de trafic sur un réseau
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Books on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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Ronen, Boaz, Joseph S. Pliskin, and Shimeon Pass. Implementation and the Process of Ongoing Improvement (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190843458.003.0019.

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Whereas the concepts and tools described in this book are intuitive, simple, and easy to understand, their implementation and the process of ongoing improvement are not trivial and require a great deal of management attention. The chapter describes the change-management process. It starts with a full business/functional diagnosis of the organization and goes through an implementation plan draft, training and knowledge transfer, and establishing value enhancement teams. Then, the organization should establish tools for monitoring and control and ensure sustainability through a process of ongoing improvement. The chapter also presents the 3–1–1 model for implementing changes in hospitals. As hospitals are highly complex organizations with multitudes of entities with many interactions among them, the 3–1–1 model guides managers where to focus their efforts. The process of ongoing improvement can use the “traffic lights” system for sustainability and continuous value creation.
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Book chapters on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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Gaddam, Hari Krishna, and K. Ramachandra Rao. "Higher-Order Continuum Model and Its Numerical Solutions for Heterogeneous Traffic Flow with Non-lane Discipline." In Traffic and Granular Flow '17, 19–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_3.

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Duives, Dorine C., Winnie Daamen, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Local Route Choice Parameters of the Continuum Model Regarding Pedestrian Movement Phenomena." In Traffic and Granular Flow '15, 153–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33482-0_20.

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Kessels, Femke. "Numerical Methods for Continuum Models." In Traffic Flow Modelling, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78695-7_5.

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Lee, H. W., H. K. Lee, H. Y. Lee, and D. Kim. "Continuum Traffic Equations from Microscopic Car-Following Models." In Traffic and Granular Flow’01, 65–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10583-2_4.

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Berg, P., and A. Woods. "Relating Car-Following and Continuum Models of Road Traffic." In Traffic and Granular Flow ’99, 389–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59751-0_39.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, and Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_576-3.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, and Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models." In Mathematics of Complexity and Dynamical Systems, 1748–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1806-1_112.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, and Andrea Tosin. "Vehicular Traffic: A Review of Continuum Mathematical Models." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 9727–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_576.

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Kurtc, Valentina, Mohcine Chraibi, and Antoine Tordeux. "Automated Quality Assessment of Space-Continuous Models for Pedestrian Dynamics." In Traffic and Granular Flow '17, 317–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_35.

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Kirik, Ekaterina, Andrey Malyshev, and Egor Popel. "On the Validation of a Discrete-Continuous Model with Bottleneck Flow and Computational Artifacts." In Traffic and Granular Flow '13, 121–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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An, Weisheng, Siyu Tao, and Zutao Zhang. "Viscous Resistance in Continuum Traffic Model." In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)29.

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Li, Long-yuan. "A continuum model of traffic flow on road networks." In 2015 International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2015.7232058.

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An, Weisheng, Donghong Zeng, and Guang Hao. "A High-Order Continuum Model of Mixed Traffic Flow." In First International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40932(246)14.

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Liu, Huaqing, Caihong Ye, Hongxia Ge, and Chenyan Yu. "A continuum model in traffic flow considering the jerk effect." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.105.

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Chen, Stephen, Huan Yu, and Miroslav Krstic. "Regulator Design for a Congested Continuum Traffic Model with App-Routing Instability." In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147386.

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Xia, Yu Xian, and Yu Xue. "Analysis of the Effect of Bay-bus-stop on Traffic Flow in One-direction Two Road by the Continuum Model." In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.11.

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Chen, Xu, Junshan Wang, and Kunqing Xie. "TrafficStream: A Streaming Traffic Flow Forecasting Framework Based on Graph Neural Networks and Continual Learning." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/498.

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With the rapid growth of traffic sensors deployed, a massive amount of traffic flow data are collected, revealing the long-term evolution of traffic flows and the gradual expansion of traffic networks. How to accurately forecasting these traffic flow attracts the attention of researchers as it is of great significance for improving the efficiency of transportation systems. However, existing methods mainly focus on the spatial-temporal correlation of static networks, leaving the problem of efficiently learning models on networks with expansion and evolving patterns less studied. To tackle this problem, we propose a Streaming Traffic Flow Forecasting Framework, TrafficStream, based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Continual Learning (CL), achieving accurate predictions and high efficiency. Firstly, we design a traffic pattern fusion method, cleverly integrating the new patterns that emerged during the long-term period into the model. A JS-divergence-based algorithm is proposed to mine new traffic patterns. Secondly, we introduce CL to consolidate the knowledge learned previously and transfer them to the current model. Specifically, we adopt two strategies: historical data replay and parameter smoothing. We construct a streaming traffic data set to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our model. Extensive experiments demonstrate its excellent potential to extract traffic patterns with high efficiency on long-term streaming network scene. The source code is available at https://github.com/AprLie/TrafficStream.
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RUIZ-RIPOLL, LIDIA, ANA RIVAS, INMACULADA GALLEGO, SANTOS SÁNCHEZ-CAMBRONERO, and ROSA M. BARBA. "A Continuous Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model From Plate Scanning Technique." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4215.

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This paper presents a methodology for the dynamic estimation of traffic flows on all links of a network from observable field data assuming the first-in-first-out (FIFO) hypothesis. The traffic flow intensities recorded at the exit of the scanned links are propagated to obtain the flow waves on unscanned links. For that, the model calculates the flow-cost functions through information registered with the plate scanning technique. The model also responds to the concern about the parameter quality of flow-cost functions to replicate the real traffic flow behaviour. It includes a new algorithm for the adjustment of the parameter values to link characteristics when its quality is questionable. For that, it is necessary the a priori study of the location of the scanning devices to identify all path flows and to measure travel times in all links. A synthetic network is used to illustrate the proposed method and to prove its usefulness and feasibility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4215
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Holland, E. N., and A. W. Woods. "Continuum models of dispersion in multilane traffic flow." In IEE Colloquium on Dynamic Control of Strategic Inter-Urban Road Networks. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19950247.

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Oumaima, El Joubari, Ben Othman Jalel, and Veque Veronique. "Continuous Time Markov Chain Traffic Model for Urban Environments." In GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348256.

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Reports on the topic "Continuum traffic model"

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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2030.

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Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2030.

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Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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