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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuum de soin'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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1

Buisson, Monique, and Françoise Bloch. "Prendre soin de ses petits-enfants, c’est donner, recevoir et rendre." I. Lien familial et relations obligées, no. 28 (October 27, 2015): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033800ar.

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Les auteures montrent, à propos de la prise en charge des enfants par les grands-parents d’une seule ou des deux lignées, comment naissent et s’entretiennent des sentiments d’obligation dans les relations conjugales et intergénérationnelles, et comment ces sentiments reflètent ce que chacun réitère ou refuse de l’histoire du couple parental ou beau-parental. La prise en charge des enfants inscrit les relations obligataires dans un continuum où chaque conjoint prend place dans sa généalogie en occupant à son tour une place de père ou de mère tout à la fois semblable à celle de ses parents et différente; ces relations d’emprise sont constitutives du lien social familial.

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2

Colinet, Séverine. "Quelles prises de responsabilités ? Recherche comparative entre élèves scolarisés à l’hôpital et élèves scolarisés hors contexte hospitalier." Revue des sciences de l’éducation 41, no. 1 (July 2, 2015): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031475ar.

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Cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment les prises de responsabilité s’exercent chez les élèves scolarisés dans le contexte de l’école à l’hôpital et chez ceux qui sont scolarisés à l’école. Afin de concourir à la mise en oeuvre d’une normalisation de la scolarité à l’hôpital, les prises de responsabilité doivent se décentrer du soin et s’inscrire en continuum sur l’ensemble des activités scolaires et non scolaires, au sein ou hors du contexte hospitalier. Notre enquête qualitative s’est fondée sur des entretiens exploratoires, des observations, des entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’élèves hospitalisés et non hospitalisés, d’enseignants et des parents. Un mini-journal a été rédigé par les élèves. Les résultats portent sur une analyse des formes de responsabilités qui ont été dégagées des types de perceptions issus des discours. Il existe différentes formes de prises de responsabilité, plus ou moins en adéquation avec le cadre législatif prônant l’éducation à la responsabilité.

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3

Neu-Stein, Sophie. "L’évaluation des compétences, facteur de performance ? Quels enjeux pour le cadre de santé ?" Projectics / Proyéctica / Projectique Hors Série, HS1 (June 26, 2023): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/proj.hs04.0105.

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L’hôpital est une organisation complexe en pleine mutation (innovation, digitalisation, renouvellement des méthodes de travail et de management) relevant désormais d’un « continuum » d’adaptations et d’imprévus. La gestion des compétences (les savoirs, les savoir-faire, les règles et comportements professionnels, les valeurs…) est ainsi devenue un élément clé dans la recherche de la performance. Dans un contexte de recherche permanente de la performance, la fonction du cadre, au centre de toutes les tensions, passe ainsi de la surveillance à celle de gestion avec le souci permanent d’optimisation en proposant des processus de structuration, de création de sens dans la gestion des actions à mener pour établir ou rétablir une stabilité et un équilibre pour l’équipe qu’il dirige. Au cœur de ce domaine de réflexion, il a paru opportun de s’intéresser à la thématique de l’évaluation considérée comme une activité banale, liée à des processus d’apprentissage et de formation. Cette pratique de l’évaluation, certes légitime et nécessaire, se doit toutefois d’être en phase avec les défis de l’époque et soumet nécessairement l’hôpital à l’épreuve d’un nouveau management caractérisé par le développement de l’efficience, l’engagement et l’adaptabilité des acteurs. La démarche évaluation liée au management des compétences a pour particularité de projeter — individuellement et collectivement — les acteurs dans l’avenir. La situation sans précédent générée par la Covid-19 a renforcé et amplifié cette réflexion. La gestion des ressources humaines est ainsi au cœur des interrogations, rivière du soin caractérisé par l’existence d’un nouvel environnement dicté notamment par le progrès des technologies, les attentes grandissantes des patients et un nouveau rapport au travail : les malades changent, leurs attentes sont grandissantes ; le rapport au travail change, et enfin le progrès médical s’accélère : de nouvelles charges pour le management. Par ailleurs, les enjeux hospitaliers s’inspirent de plus en plus, et non seulement dans le vocabulaire, des modèles de performance managériale et d’innovation technologique issues du monde de l’entreprise pour les intégrer dans les processus de production de soins. Les nouvelles méthodes de management sont aujourd’hui omniprésentes dans les discours qui entourent l’hôpital. Les injonctions à la performance sont centrales et encouragent le développement de nouveaux modes de management : développement de la polyvalence et de « l’apprenance », management « agile ». Dans cet article, réalisé à partir d’un mémoire, nous sommes amenés à répondre à la question suivante : en quoi l’évaluation des compétences de l’équipe contribue-t-elle à améliorer la performance ?

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4

Luthy, Christophe, Cathy Di Silvestro, Anne-Françoise Allaz, and Amina Chouiter. "Soins de support et soins palliatifs, un continuum." Revue Médicale Suisse 3, no. 123 (2007): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2007.3.123.1984.

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5

Abedzadeh, Farzad, and Ronald Y. S. Pak. "Continuum Mechanics of Lateral Soil–Pile Interaction." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 130, no. 11 (November 2004): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2004)130:11(1309).

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6

Goldsmith, Gregory R. "Changing directions: the atmosphere-plant-soil continuum." New Phytologist 199, no. 1 (May 28, 2013): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12332.

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7

Coetzee, C. J. "Discrete and continuum modelling of soil cutting." Computational Particle Mechanics 1, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40571-014-0014-7.

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8

Gerasimov, A. S. "Thermorheological model of a frozen-soil continuum." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 34, no. 4 (July 1997): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02465942.

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9

Senbayram, Mehmet, Andreas Gransee, Verena Wahle, and Heike Thiel. "Role of magnesium fertilisers in agriculture: plant–soil continuum." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 12 (2015): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15104.

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In this review, we summarise factors contributing to plant availability of magnesium (Mg) in soils, the role of Mg in plant physiological processes related to yield formation and abiotic stress tolerance, and soil and fertiliser parameters related to Mg leaching in fertilised soils. Mg is a common constituent in many minerals, comprising 2% of Earth’s crust; however, most soil Mg (90–98%) is incorporated in the crystal lattice structure of minerals and thus not directly available for plant uptake. Plants absorb Mg from the soil solution, which is slowly replenished by soil reserves. Duration and intensity of weathering, soil moisture, soil pH, and root–microbial activity in soil are key factors that determine plant-available Mg release from soils. On the other hand, the amount of Mg released from soil minerals is generally small compared with the amounts needed to sustain high crop yield and quality. Thus, in many agro-ecosystems, application of Mg fertilisers is crucial. Magnesium is involved in many physiological and biochemical processes; it is an essential element for plant growth and development and plays a key role in plant defence mechanisms in abiotic stress situations. An early effect of Mg deficiency in plants is the disturbed partitioning of assimilates between roots and shoots because the supply of sink organs with photosynthetic products is impaired, and sugars accumulate in source leaves. Thus, optimal supply of Mg is required to improve crop tolerance to various stresses and to increase yield and quality parameters of harvested products. Unlike other cations, Mg is very mobile in soils because it is less bound to the soil charges. Therefore, Mg losses by leaching might occur in sandy soils with high water conductivity. Leaching of Mg in soils when applied with various water-soluble fertilisers may also vary depending on the fertiliser’s chemical composition, granule size, and effect on soil pH and cation balance, as we discuss in detail.

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10

Kiefer, A., and P. Léger. "Semi-continuum seismic analysis of soil–building systems." Engineering Structures 21, no. 4 (April 1999): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(97)00180-6.

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11

Gucunski, Nenad. "Fundamentals of Continuum Mechanics of Soils. 1991." Soil Science 154, no. 2 (August 1992): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199208000-00013.

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12

O’Brien, Sarah L., and Colleen M. Iversen. "Missing links in the root-soil organic matter continuum." New Phytologist 184, no. 3 (November 2009): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03059.x.

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13

Michalowski, Radoslaw L., and Aigen Zhao. "Continuum versus Structural Approach to Stability of Reinforced Soil." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121, no. 2 (February 1995): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:2(152).

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14

Boanares, Daniela, Rafael S. Oliveira, Rosy M. S. Isaias, Marcel G. C. França, and Josep Peñuelas. "The Neglected Reverse Water Pathway: Atmosphere–Plant–Soil Continuum." Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 11 (November 2020): 1073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.012.

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15

Rengel, Z. "Aluminium cycling in the soil-plant-animal-human continuum." BioMetals 17, no. 6 (November 2004): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-004-1201-4.

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16

Schuster, Liza, and Riaz Muhammed Khan Shinwari. "Migration in Afghan women's poetry." Soundings 76, no. 76 (December 1, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.76.08.2020.

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This article reproduces examples of Afghan Landays and offers a commentary on their meanings. Landays are pithy, powerful two-line poems that speak of love, honour, war and separation. They are part of a long oral tradition in Pashtun culture, and are often composed by women. The largest group of Landays are written by women left behind in Afghanistan, and they include references to all stages of the migration experience, from departure, through the period of absence, to return. Landays have continued to circulate among Afghan Pashtuns for decades, and the emotions voiced have remained largely the same - the fear of abandonment, and the loneliness and vulnerability of women who are left behind. The only distinction between the earlier and later Landays seems to be the absence of joy in the later ones. All the teasing and urging of migrants disappears in the period that began with the Soviet invasion.

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17

Schuster, Liza, and Riaz Muhammed Khan Shinwari. "Migration in Afghan women's poetry." Soundings 76, no. 76 (December 1, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.76.08.2020.

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This article reproduces examples of Afghan Landays and offers a commentary on their meanings. Landays are pithy, powerful two-line poems that speak of love, honour, war and separation. They are part of a long oral tradition in Pashtun culture, and are often composed by women. The largest group of Landays are written by women left behind in Afghanistan, and they include references to all stages of the migration experience, from departure, through the period of absence, to return. Landays have continued to circulate among Afghan Pashtuns for decades, and the emotions voiced have remained largely the same - the fear of abandonment, and the loneliness and vulnerability of women who are left behind. The only distinction between the earlier and later Landays seems to be the absence of joy in the later ones. All the teasing and urging of migrants disappears in the period that began with the Soviet invasion.

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18

Bilodeau, Karine, Sylvie Dubois, and Jacinthe Pepin. "The care continuum with interprofessional oncology teams: Perspectives of patients and family." Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5737/236880762513036.

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19

AODA, Tadao, and Shoji YOSHIDA. "Simulation model for soil water movement in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum considering hysteresis." Journal of Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources 8, no. 3 (1995): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.8.322.

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20

Silva, Marcela, Ashley M. Matheny, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Dimetre Triadis, Justine E. Missik, Gil Bohrer, and Edoardo Daly. "Tree hydrodynamic modelling of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum using FETCH3." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 6 (March 31, 2022): 2619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2619-2022.

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Abstract. Modelling the water transport along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum is fundamental to estimating and predicting transpiration fluxes. A Finite-difference Ecosystem-scale Tree Crown Hydrodynamics model (FETCH3) for the water fluxes across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum is presented here. The model combines the water transport pathways into one vertical dimension, and assumes that the water flow through the soil, roots, and above-ground xylem can be approximated as flow in porous media. This results in a system of three partial differential equations, resembling the Richardson–Richards equation, describing the transport of water through the plant system and with additional terms representing sinks and sources for the transfer of water from the soil to the roots and from the leaves to the atmosphere. The numerical scheme, developed in Python 3, was tested against exact analytical solutions for steady state and transient conditions using simplified but realistic model parameterizations. The model was also used to simulate a previously published case study, where observed transpiration rates were available, to evaluate model performance. With the same model setup as the published case study, FETCH3 results were in agreement with observations. Through a rigorous coupling of soil, root xylem, and stem xylem, FETCH3 can account for variable water capacitance, while conserving mass and the continuity of the water potential between these three layers. FETCH3 provides a ready-to-use open access numerical model for the simulation of water fluxes across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.

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21

Frey, Karen E., William V. Sobczak, Paul J. Mann, and Robert M. Holmes. "Optical properties and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter along a flow-path continuum from soil pore waters to the Kolyma River mainstem, East Siberia." Biogeosciences 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2016): 2279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2279-2016.

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Abstract. The Kolyma River in northeast Siberia is among the six largest Arctic rivers and drains a region underlain by vast deposits of Holocene-aged peat and Pleistocene-aged loess known as yedoma, most of which is currently stored in ice-rich permafrost throughout the region. These peat and yedoma deposits are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to inland waters that in turn play a significant role in the transport and ultimate remineralization of organic carbon to CO2 and CH4 along the terrestrial flow-path continuum. The turnover and fate of terrigenous DOM during offshore transport largely depends upon the composition and amount of carbon released to inland and coastal waters. Here, we measured the ultraviolet-visible optical properties of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) from a geographically extensive collection of waters spanning soil pore waters, streams, rivers, and the Kolyma River mainstem throughout a ∼ 250 km transect of the northern Kolyma River basin. During the period of study, CDOM absorption coefficients were found to be robust proxies for the concentration of DOM, whereas additional CDOM parameters such as spectral slopes (S) were found to be useful indicators of DOM quality along the flow path. In particular, the spectral slope ratio (SR) of CDOM demonstrated statistically significant differences between all four water types and tracked changes in the concentration of bioavailable DOC, suggesting that this parameter may be suitable for clearly discriminating shifts in organic matter characteristics among water types along the full flow-path continuum across this landscape. However, despite our observations of downstream shifts in DOM composition, we found a relatively constant proportion of DOC that was bioavailable ( ∼ 3–6 % of total DOC) regardless of relative water residence time along the flow path. This may be a consequence of two potential scenarios allowing for continual processing of organic material within the system, namely (a) aquatic microorganisms are acclimating to a downstream shift in DOM composition and/or (b) photodegradation is continually generating labile DOM for continued microbial processing of DOM along the flow-path continuum. Without such processes, we would otherwise expect to see a declining fraction of bioavailable DOC downstream with increasing residence time of water in the system. With ongoing and future permafrost degradation, peat and yedoma deposits throughout the northeast Siberian region will become more hydrologically active, providing greater amounts of DOM to fluvial networks and ultimately to the Arctic Ocean. The ability to rapidly and comprehensively monitor shifts in the quantity and quality of DOM across the landscape is therefore critical for understanding potential future feedbacks within the Arctic carbon cycle.

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22

Ernest, C. I., and C. N. Mbah. "Impact of continuous cultivation on soil properties of Imo state southeastern Nigeria." AgroChemistry and Soil Science, no. 85 (2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/acss85-07.

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23

Zhao Hailong, 赵海龙, 甘淑 Gan Shu, 袁希平 Yuan Xiping, 胡琳 Hu Lin, 刘帅 Liu Shuai, and 王俊杰 Wang Junjie. "基于多尺度连续小波分解的土壤氧化铁反演." Acta Optica Sinica 42, no. 22 (2022): 2230002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202242.2230002.

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24

Hunt, A. G. "Continuum Percolation Theory for Saturation Dependence of Air Permeability." Vadose Zone Journal 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/4.1.134.

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25

Hunt, A. G. "Continuum Percolation Theory for Saturation Dependence of Air Permeability." Vadose Zone Journal 4, no. 1 (February 2005): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0134a.

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26

Samadhiya, N. K., M. N. Viladkar, and Moataz A. Al-Obaydi. "Numerical Implementation of Anisotropic Continuum Model for Rock Masses." International Journal of Geomechanics 8, no. 2 (March 2008): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2008)8:2(157).

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27

Katz, Ofir, Daniel Puppe, Danuta Kaczorek, Nagabovanalli B. Prakash, and Jörg Schaller. "Silicon in the Soil–Plant Continuum: Intricate Feedback Mechanisms within Ecosystems." Plants 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040652.

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Plants’ ability to take up silicon from the soil, accumulate it within their tissues and then reincorporate it into the soil through litter creates an intricate network of feedback mechanisms in ecosystems. Here, we provide a concise review of silicon’s roles in soil chemistry and physics and in plant physiology and ecology, focusing on the processes that form these feedback mechanisms. Through this review and analysis, we demonstrate how this feedback network drives ecosystem processes and affects ecosystem functioning. Consequently, we show that Si uptake and accumulation by plants is involved in several ecosystem services like soil appropriation, biomass supply, and carbon sequestration. Considering the demand for food of an increasing global population and the challenges of climate change, a detailed understanding of the underlying processes of these ecosystem services is of prime importance. Silicon and its role in ecosystem functioning and services thus should be the main focus of future research.

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28

Giulivo, C. "HORMONAL CONTROL OF WATER TRANSPORT IN SOIL-PLANT-ATMOSPHERE CONTINUUM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 179 (July 1986): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.179.60.

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29

Oznobihina, A. O., and E. V. Gayevaya. "The Ecological State of the Soil Continuum of Urbanized Territories." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 272 (June 21, 2019): 032062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/3/032062.

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30

Allen, Michael F. "Bidirectional water flows through the soil-fungal-plant mycorrhizal continuum." New Phytologist 182, no. 2 (March 27, 2009): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02815.x.

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31

Hunt, Allen G., and Glendon W. Gee. "Water-Retention of Fractal Soil Models Using Continuum Percolation Theory." Vadose Zone Journal 1, no. 2 (2002): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2002.0252.

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32

Stonestrom, David A. "Terrestrial Biosphere-Atmosphere FluxesandTransport in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil Continuum." Groundwater 52, no. 6 (September 19, 2014): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12270.

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33

Donovan, Lisa A., and John Sperry. "Scaling the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum: from physics to ecosystems." Trends in Plant Science 5, no. 12 (December 2000): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01794-5.

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34

Welch, S. M., J. L. Roe, S. Das, Z. Dong, R. He, and M. B. Kirkham. "Merging genomic control networks and soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum models." Agricultural Systems 86, no. 3 (December 2005): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.07.019.

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35

Anh Tran, Quoc, Pascal Villard, and Daniel Dias. "Discrete and Continuum Numerical Modeling of Soil Arching between Piles." International Journal of Geomechanics 19, no. 2 (February 2019): 04018195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001341.

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36

Bristow, Keith L. "Introduction: The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum-Gaps and Unresolved Issues." Agronomy Journal 95, no. 6 (November 2003): 1349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.1349.

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37

Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini, and Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira. "Structure and interactions in a cave guano–soil continuum community." European Journal of Soil Biology 57 (July 2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.03.003.

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38

Manolis, G. D., P. I. Tetepoulidis, D. G. Talaslidis, and G. Apostolidis. "Seismic analysis of buried pipeline in a 3D soil continuum." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-7997(95)00035-m.

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39

Manzoni, Stefano, and Amilcare Porporato. "Common hydrologic and biogeochemical controls along the soil-stream continuum." Hydrological Processes 25, no. 8 (February 10, 2011): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7938.

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40

Thomas, Carrie L., Boris Jansen, E. Emiel van Loon, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg. "Transformation of <i>n</i>-alkanes from plant to soil: a review." SOIL 7, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 785–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-785-2021.

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Abstract. Despite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in the global carbon cycle, there remain many open questions regarding its formation and preservation. The study of individual organic compound classes that make up SOM, such as lipid biomarkers including n-alkanes, can provide insight into the cycling of bulk SOM. While studies of lipid biomarkers, particularly n-alkanes, have increased in number in the past few decades, only a limited number have focused on the transformation of these compounds following deposition in soil archives. We performed a systematic review to consolidate the available information on plant-derived n-alkanes and their transformation from plant to soil. Our major findings were (1) a nearly ubiquitous trend of decreased total concentration of n-alkanes either with time in litterbag experiments or with depth in open plant–soil systems and (2) preferential degradation of odd-chain length and shorter chain length n-alkanes represented by a decrease in either carbon preference index (CPI) or odd-over-even predominance (OEP) with depth, indicating degradation of the n-alkane signal or a shift in vegetation composition over time. The review also highlighted a lack of data transparency and standardization across studies of lipid biomarkers, making analysis and synthesis of published data time-consuming and difficult. We recommend that the community move towards more uniform and systematic reporting of biomarker data. Furthermore, as the number of studies examining the complete leaf–litter–soil continuum is very limited as well as unevenly distributed over geographical regions, climate zones, and soil types, future data collection should focus on underrepresented areas as well as quantifying the transformation of n-alkanes through the complete continuum from plant to soil.

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41

DiCarlo, David A. "Can Continuum Extensions to Multiphase Flow Models Describe Preferential Flow?" Vadose Zone Journal 9, no. 2 (May 2010): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0099.

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42

Ben Noah, Ilan, and Shmulik P. Friedman. "Continuum Modeling of Steady Air Injection into Partially Saturated Soils." Vadose Zone Journal 14, no. 9 (September 2015): vzj2014.12.0170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.12.0170.

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43

Chang, Jiangfang, Wei Wang, Lei Wen, and Wei Yuan. "Localization and Bifurcation Analysis of Granular Materials in Micropolar Continuum." International Journal of Geomechanics 19, no. 7 (July 2019): 04019064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001433.

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44

Holtum, Joseph A. M., and Klaus Winter. "Elevated [CO2] and forest vegetation: more a water issue than a carbon issue?" Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 8 (2010): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10001.

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Studies of responses of forest vegetation to steadily increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have focussed strongly on the potential of trees to absorb extra carbon; the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant–soil water relations via decreased stomatal conductance and increased ambient temperature have received less attention, but may be significant in the long term at the ecosystem level. CO2 augmentation experiments with young trees demonstrate small increases in aboveground carbon content, but these increases tend to diminish as trees get older. By contrast, several experiments suggest continued decreases in transpiration and increased soil water content under these conditions. In tropical forests, the major cause of increases in aboveground biomass observed in the recent past is not necessarily elevated [CO2]. Undoubtedly, the potential of monitoring trees in forest dynamics plots to deduce CO2-specific alterations in forest structure and standing biomass will unfold in the decades to come. The comprehensive understanding of responses of forest vegetation to elevated [CO2] in the Anthropocene will depend upon the inclusion of detailed measurements of soil water pools and water fluxes through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum in future tree CO2 augmentation experiments and forest dynamics plot studies.

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Freppaz, Michele, Emanuele Pintaldi, Andrea Magnani, Davide Viglietti, and Mark W. Williams. "Topsoil and snow: a continuum system." Applied Soil Ecology 123 (February 2018): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.06.029.

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Chang, Yaobao, Weiguo Liu, Yuqing Mao, Tao Yang, and Yinguang Chen. "Biochar Addition Alters C: N: P Stoichiometry in Moss Crust-Soil Continuum in Gurbantünggüt Desert." Plants 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060814.

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The biogeochemical cycling of soil elements in ecosystems has changed under global changes, including nutrients essential for plant growth. The application of biochar can improve the utilization of soil nutrients by plants and change the stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plants and soil. However, the response of ecological stoichiometry in a moss crust-soil continuum to local plant biochar addition in a desert ecosystem has not been comprehensively explored. Here, we conducted a four-level Seriphidium terrae-albae biochar addition experiment (CK, 0 t ha−1; T1, 3.185 t ha−1; T2, 6.37 t ha−1; T3, 12.74 t ha−1) to elucidate the influence of biochar input on C: N: P stoichiometry in moss crusts (surface) and their underlying soil (subsurface). The results showed that biochar addition significantly affected the C, N, and P both of moss crusts and their underlying soil (p < 0.001). Biochar addition increased soil C, N, and P concentrations, and the soil N content showed a monthly trend in T3. The C, N, and P concentrations of moss crusts increased with the addition levels of biochar, and the moss crust P concentrations showed an overall increasing trend by the month. Moreover, the soil and moss crust C: P and N: P ratios both increased. There was a significant correlation between moss crust C, N, and P and soil C and N. Additionally, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−N), N: P, C: P, EC, pH, soil moisture content (SMC), and N have significant effects on the C, N, and P of moss crusts in turn. This study revealed the contribution of biochar to the nutrient cycle of desert system plants and their underlying soil from the perspective of stoichiometric characteristics, which is a supplement to the theory of plant soil nutrition in desert ecosystems.

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Амброжевич, М. В., and В. О. Середа. "Model of pneumohydraulic launch system." Системи обробки інформації, no. 3(162), (September 30, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2020.162.01.

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A reactive pneumohydraulic displacement system is proposed as an inclined launch system for an aircraft. The advantages of the proposed transport system in relation to the known analogs of comparable energy are stated. A complex non-stationary spatial model of the system is presented. The mathematical apparatus for constructing a model is considered. The calculation results are presented in the form of continual mappings of physical fields and integral characteristics of the launch system. The analysis of the starting characteristics for different proportions of equipment – the ratio of water and air. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the proposed launch system and the best equipment conditions.

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Brüggemann, N., A. Gessler, Z. Kayler, S. G. Keel, F. Badeck, M. Barthel, P. Boeckx, et al. "Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review." Biogeosciences 8, no. 11 (November 28, 2011): 3457–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011.

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Abstract. The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this review we provide an overview of an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes, as based on C isotope studies, and identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review focuses on isotopic fractionation processes within plants during and after photosynthesis. The second major part elaborates on plant-internal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal, interannual), including the speed of C transfer and time lags in the coupling of assimilation and respiration, as well as the magnitude and controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between C, water and nutrient dynamics are discussed. The role of the C counterflow from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts of the plants, e.g. via CO2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is highlighted. The third part is centered around belowground C turnover, focusing especially on above- and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on C mineralization are reviewed. A further part of the paper is dedicated to physical interactions between soil CO2 and the soil matrix, such as CO2 diffusion and dissolution processes within the soil profile. Finally, we highlight state-of-the-art stable isotope methodologies and their latest developments. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes involved in C cycling and C isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Generally, research using information from C isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex interactions among the range of processes complicate or currently impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This review tries to identify present knowledge gaps in correctly interpreting carbon stable isotope signals in the plant-soil-atmosphere system and how future research approaches could contribute to closing these gaps.

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Brüggemann, N., A. Gessler, Z. Kayler, S. G. Keel, F. Badeck, M. Barthel, P. Boeckx, et al. "Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 7, 2011): 3619–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-3619-2011.

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Abstract. The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this review we provide an overview of an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes, as based on C isotope studies, and identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review focuses on isotopic fractionation processes within plants during and after photosynthesis. The second major part elaborates on plant-internal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal, interannual), including the speed of C transfer and time lags in the coupling of assimilation and respiration, as well as the magnitude and controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between C, water and nutrient dynamics are discussed. The role of the C counterflow from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts of the plants, e.g. via CO2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is highlighted. The third part is centered around belowground C turnover, focusing especially on above- and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on C mineralization are reviewed. The last part of the paper is dedicated to physical interactions between soil CO2 and the soil matrix, such as CO2 diffusion and dissolution processes within the soil profile. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes involved in C cycling and C isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Generally, research using information from C isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex interactions among the range of processes complicate or impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This is where new research approaches should be aimed at.

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Uroz, S., P. E. Courty, J. C. Pierrat, M. Peter, M. Buée, M. P. Turpault, J. Garbaye, and P. Frey-Klett. "Functional Profiling and Distribution of the Forest Soil Bacterial Communities Along the Soil Mycorrhizosphere Continuum." Microbial Ecology 66, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0199-y.

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