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1
Optimal portfolios: Stochastic models for optimal investment and risk management in continuous time. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997.
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2
Aartsengel, Aristide van. A Guide to Continuous Improvement Transformation: Concepts, Processes, Implementation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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3
Aartsengel, Aristide van. Handbook on Continuous Improvement Transformation: The Lean Six Sigma Framework and Systematic Methodology for Implementation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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4
Caron, Franco. Managing the Continuum: Certainty, Uncertainty, Unpredictability in Large Engineering Projects. Milano: Springer Milan, 2013.
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5
Murashko, Mikhail, Igor Ivanov, and Nadezhda Knyazyuk. THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION. ru: Advertising and Information Agency "Standards and quality», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35400/978-5-600-02711-4.
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SUMMARY
Current monograph represents and reviews key approaches to creating an effective internal quality and safety control system for an organization, based on patient-oriented approach, process approach, risk management, continuous process improvement and other methods including definition of all applied terms, a number of examples and step by step manuals on executing key measures and events to create and develop a quality control system and local documentation samples.
Target audience for this monograph: hospital leadership, including CMO, deputy CMO on quality, head of quality control committee or designated quality control specialist, other medical workers.
ABOUT «THE BASICS OF MEDICAL CARE QUALITY AND SAFETY PROVISION»
All changes and reforms in healthcare should provide for medical care quality improvement, preservation of life and health of all citizens. Once an abstract word “quality” has its’ own specific meaning today, acquired by means of legislative validation of the term “medical care quality and safety”. Providing healthcare quality and safety is one of the key priorities within the confines of Russian Federation national policy for citizens’ health protection.
Current issue represents actual knowledge and practical experience in terms of medical care quality and safety control, continuous medical organization efficiency improvement. Current issue addresses the matters of theoretical and practical aspects of introducing management and internal quality and safety control system in medical care. It also contains the methodological description of Proposals (practical recommendations) of Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Healthcare, developed based on global experience generalization, adapted to Russian specificity, aimed at quality and safety provision. Current issue represents a large number of samples, examples, templates and check-list tables. Data, accumulated in the monograph, allows the reader create a proper system of measures in a medical organization to comply with the order № 381-н of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation «On approving Requirements towards organizing and executing medical care internal quality and safety control».
TARGET AUDIENCE
Current issue is intended for a wide range of readers, interested in management: for healthcare organization leaders, CMOs and deputy CMOs, deputy CMOs on quality, quality control committee leaders or designated quality control specialists, physicians, nurses, medical academicians and students, and all specialists, interested in medical organizations’ stable development and improvement.
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Office, General Accounting. Combating terrorism: FEMA continues to make progress in coordinating preparedness and response : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: United States General Accounting Office, 2001.
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Sil'vestrov, Sergey, Vladimir Starovoytov, Vladimir Bauer, Aleksandr Selivanov, Vladimir Lepskiy, Aleksandr Raykov, Svetlana Lipina, et al. Strategic planning in the public sector of the economy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1081855.
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This collective monograph continues a series of scientific studies and publications on the problems of strategic planning, which have been carried out for several years at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation with the involvement of specialists from other scientific and educational organizations. A series of research papers in 2017-2019 was devoted to the analysis of strategic development risks and the analysis of global strategic planning practice, the general methodology of strategic planning and forecasting (including in the context of ensuring Russia's economic security), the approach to the formation of life cycles of preparation and revision of strategic planning documents and their comparative analysis, the experience of coordinating budget, project and process types of management and financing, monitoring risks and threats, the use of new information tools in the strategic planning complex, including blockchain, and also naturally develops such aspects of previous research as analysis of world practice, coordination of budget, project and process types of management and financing, the use of information technologies. However, at the same time, a special task was set — to approach a comprehensive analysis of the strategic planning process as a whole, especially to study its documentary support as the core of the organization of this process and the implementation of its results in the practice of public administration, as well as to analyze the scientific support of strategic planning as an essential aspect of all strategic planning and strategic management activities in the entirety of its aspects (goal setting, forecast, design, programming, planning, control and audit).
It is intended for specialists from the humanities, natural sciences and technical fields of knowledge focused on management and development problems, for undergraduates and postgraduates, as well as for a wide audience of management practitioners, including those related to strategic planning processes in the public sector.
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Menoncin, Francesco. Risk Management for Pension Funds: A Continuous Time Approach with Applications in R. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.
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Menoncin, Francesco. Risk Management for Pension Funds: A Continuous Time Approach with Applications in R. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
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10
Paul, Valenstein, and College of American Pathologists, eds. Quality management for clinical laboratories: Promoting patient safety through risk reduction and continuous improvement. Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists, 2005.
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Cap. Quality Management in Clinical Laboratories: Promoting Patient Safety Through Risk Reduction and Continuous Improvement. College of American Pathologists, 2005.
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12
Aartsengel, Aristide van, and Selahattin Kurtoglu. A Guide to Continuous Improvement Transformation: Concepts, Processes, Implementation. Springer, 2015.
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13
Aartsengel, Aristide van, and Selahattin Kurtoglu. Handbook on Continuous Improvement Transformation: The Lean Six Sigma Framework and Systematic Methodology for Implementation. Springer, 2013.
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14
Aartsengel, Aristide van, and Selahattin Kurtoglu. Handbook on Continuous Improvement Transformation: The Lean Six Sigma Framework and Systematic Methodology for Implementation. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2015.
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15
Aboumerhi, Hassan, and Tariq M. Malik. Interscalene Catheters: Complications and Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0044.
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About 4.5 million people visit physicians for shoulder pain every year. Most shoulder surgeries are performed in an ambulatory setting and pain control can be problematic during the recovery period. Continuous interscalene block, which is quite effective for postprocedural pain relief, is not risk free. Some postprocedure concerns can be resolved easily over the phone, but others require additional examination, imaging, or even surgical intervention. Effective and safe management of a brachial plexus catheter requires a complete perioperative plan, open communication with the patient and family, and recognition and early treatment of complications. Also needed is a good working relationship between nurses, anesthesia care givers, and orthopedic surgeons.
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Cardinale, Daniela, and Carlo Maria Cipolla. Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0290.
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Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is of considerable concern, as it may compromise the clinical effectiveness of treatment, affecting both quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients, independently of the oncological prognosis. It is probable that anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a unique and continuous phenomenon starting with myocardial cell injury, followed by progressive left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline that, if disregarded and not treated progressively leads to overt heart failure. The main strategy for minimizing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is early detection of high-risk patients and prompt prophylactic treatment. According to the current standard for monitoring cardiac function, cardiotoxicity is usually detected only when a functional impairment has already occurred, precluding any chance of its prevention. At present, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity can be detected at a preclinical phase, very much before the occurrence of heart failure symptoms, and before the LVEF drops by measurement of cardiospecific biochemical markers or by Doppler myocardial and deformation imaging. The role of troponins in identifying subclinical cardiotoxicity and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in order to prevent LVEF reduction is an effective strategy that has emerged in the last 15 years. If cardiac dysfunction has already occurred, partial or complete LVEF recovery may still be achieved if cardiac dysfunction is detected early after the end of chemotherapy and heart failure treatment is promptly initiated.
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Caron, Franco. Managing the Continuum: Certainty, Uncertainty, Unpredictability in Large Engineering Projects. Springer, 2013.
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18
Tuxen, David V. Pathophysiology and causes of airflow limitation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0110.
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Exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be life-threatening emergencies, and require careful management to minimize the risks of morbidity and mortality. Prompt, full bronchodilator therapy, careful observation and appropriate mechanical ventilation technique is required. Dynamic hyperinflation of the lungs occurs in all patients, and must be careful assessed and regulated. Excessive dynamic hyperinflation can result in respiratory tamponade, hypotension, circulatory failure, pneumothoraces and, in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Intravenous or continuous nebulized salbutamol commonly causes lactic acidosis that should be detected and managed. Prolonged paralysis during difficult mechanical ventilation can result in severe necrotizing myopathy. Pneumothoraces in ventilated patients with asthma are usually under tension, redistribute ventilation to the contralateral lung, and risk a second tension pneumothorax. Patients surviving mechanical ventilation for asthma and COPD have an increased risk of recurrence and death. All these problems require awareness, avoidance or detection and management
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part IX Legal and Conduct Risk Management, 30 Lawyers’ Responsibility for the Management of Legal and Conduct Risk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0031.
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The importance of managing legal risk effectively has increased following the recent financial crisis. As the modern regulatory regime for financial markets (global and domestic) continues to evolve, legal risk management techniques must evolve with it. The pressure to attach more importance to ethics and culture within financial institutions will also have an effect on how lawyers do their job. Rightly or wrongly, the responsibility for checking that proper governance principles are observed is bound to fall on their shoulders to some extent. This chapter discusses the role of lawyers and the legal department in legal risk management, opinions and similar documents, document retention, and clarity of lawyer roles.
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Kotseva, Kornelia, Neil Oldridge, and Massimo F. Piepoli. Evaluation of preventive cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0026.
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The Joint European Societies guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention define lifestyle and risk factor targets for patients with coronary or other atherosclerotic disease and people at high risk of developing CVD. However, several surveys in Europe and the United States showed inadequate lifestyle and risk factor management and under-use of prophylactic drug therapies in primary and secondary CVD prevention. Various professional associations have developed core components, standards, and outcome measures to evaluate quality of care and provide guidelines for identifying opportunities for improvements. Optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is one of the most effective methods for reducing vascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease or high cardiovascular risk. Improving treatment adherence is also very important. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is considered as an outcome measure in research studies and in clinical practice. HRQL measures can help in improving patient-clinician communication, screening, monitoring, and continuous assessment of quality of care.
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Kotseva, Kornelia, Neil Oldridge, and Massimo F. Piepoli. Evaluation of preventive cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0026_update_001.
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The Joint European Societies guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention define lifestyle and risk factor targets for patients with coronary or other atherosclerotic disease and people at high risk of developing CVD. However, several surveys in Europe and the United States showed inadequate lifestyle and risk factor management and under-use of prophylactic drug therapies in primary and secondary CVD prevention. Various professional associations have developed core components, standards, and outcome measures to evaluate quality of care and provide guidelines for identifying opportunities for improvements. Optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is one of the most effective methods for reducing vascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease or high cardiovascular risk. Improving treatment adherence is also very important. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is considered as an outcome measure in research studies and in clinical practice. HRQL measures can help in improving patient-clinician communication, screening, monitoring, and continuous assessment of quality of care.
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Wilson, Robyn S., Sarah M. McCaffrey, and Eric Toman. Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.570.
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Throughout the late 19th century and most of the 20th century, risks associated with wildfire were addressed by suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, by the 1960s, it became clear that fire exclusion policies were having adverse effects on ecological health, as well as contributing to larger and more damaging wildfires over time. Although federal fire policy has changed to allow fire to be used as a management tool on the landscape, this change has been slow to take place, while the number of people living in high-risk wildland–urban interface communities continues to increase. Under a variety of climate scenarios, in particular for states in the western United States, it is expected that the frequency and severity of fires will continue to increase, posing even greater risks to local communities and regional economies.Resource managers and public safety officials are increasingly aware of the need for strategic communication to both encourage appropriate risk mitigation behavior at the household level, as well as build continued public support for the use of fire as a management tool aimed at reducing future wildfire risk. Household decision making encompasses both proactively engaging in risk mitigation activities on private property, as well as taking appropriate action during a wildfire event to protect personal safety. Very little research has directly explored the connection between climate-related beliefs, wildfire risk perception, and action; however, the limited existing research suggests that climate-related beliefs have little direct effect on wildfire-related action. Instead, action appears to depend on understanding the benefits of different mitigation actions and in engaging the public in interactive, participatory communication programs that build trust between the public and natural resource managers. A relatively new line of research focuses on resource managers as critical decision makers in the risk management process, pointing to the need to thoughtfully engage audiences other than the lay public to improve risk management.Ultimately, improving the decision making of both the public and managers charged with mitigating the risks associated with wildfire can be achieved by carefully addressing several common themes from the literature. These themes are to (1) promote increased efficacy through interactive learning, (2) build trust and capacity through social interaction, (3) account for behavioral constraints and barriers to action, and (4) facilitate thoughtful consideration of risk-benefit tradeoffs. Careful attention to these challenges will improve the likelihood of successfully managing the increasing risks that wildfire poses to the public and ecosystems alike in a changing climate.
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part IX Legal and Conduct Risk Management, 32 Managing the ‘Grey Areas’Standards, Scenario Analysis, and Case Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0033.
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The management of conduct risk continues to present many challenges for financial institutions. Society expects banks to do more than merely comply with the law. Banks are expected to be ‘good corporate citizens’ and to behave ethically. One might argue that they are expected to observe the sprit as well as the letter of the law. However, financial markets thrive on ingenuity and the law allows considerable flexibility to those who are determined to ‘find a way round’ a perceived problem. This chapter revisits, in the context of risk management, the issues concerning ‘grey areas’ and explores the potential benefits of standards that set out what is regarded as accepted practice, adopted either within an individual bank or amongst a group of banks. It also suggests how one might in practice set about developing a standard.
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part X Conclusions, 33 A Convergence of Agendas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0034.
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This chapter ties together the loose threads of the preceding discussions. It suggests that the role of the in-house lawyer has become further involved with risk management rather than simply the provision of legal advice. It presents some legal and conduct risk management objectives as a starting point for legal departments planning to take a ‘risk-based’ approach to its function. The role of regulators will be also crucial in managing risk, not merely as ‘supervisor’ and ‘enforcer’ in the traditional sense, but also as an effective cross-pollinator of ideas. Moreover, it is important that the Financial Markets Law Committee (along with other similar bodies) continues to perform the valuable roles of: (1) identifying concerns; (2) providing expert analysis of the relevant law in relation to specific concerns; (3) acting as an informal ‘bridge’ to the judiciary; and (4) being an authoritative voice for City lawyers when representations need to be made.
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Johnson, Rabia, Jyoti Rajan Sharma, and Gerald J. Maarman, eds. Advances in Research of the Cardiovascular Disease Continuum: Endocrine Aspects of Disease Pathophysiology, Risk Predictors, Therapeutics, and Management of Diabetes and Hypertension. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-899-8.
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Orenbuch-Harroch, Efrat, and Charles L. Sprung. Pulmonary artery catheterization in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0133.
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Haemodynamic monitoring is a significant component in the management of critically-ill patients. Flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) are a simple and rapid technique for measuring several continuous or intermittent circulatory variables. The PAC is helpful in diagnosis, guidance of therapy, and monitoring therapeutic interventions in various clinical conditions, including myocardial infarction and its complications, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and severely ill patients.The catheter is inserted through a large vein. The PAC is advanced, after ballooninflation with 1.5 mL of air, through the right ventricle across the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery (PA). Finally, the catheter is advanced to the ‘wedge’ position. The pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) is identified by a decrease in pressure combined with a characteristic change in the waveform. The balloon should then be deflated and the PA tracing should reappear. Direct measurements include central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and PAWP, which during diastole represents the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and reflects left ventricular preload. Cardiac output can be measured by thermodilution technique. Other haemodynamic variables can be derived from these measurements. Absolute contraindications are rare. Relative contraindications include coagulopathy and conditions that increase the risk of arrhythmias.
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Elmofty, Dalia H. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia, Tolerance, and Chronic Postsurgical Pain: A Dilemma Complicating Postoperative Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0037.
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Perioperative pain management continues to be a challenge for physicians. Postoperative pain can compromise patient progress and lead to poor outcomes or chronic pain. Opioid medications, the mainstay of treatment for perioperative pain, can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance. Attempts should be made to modify factors that increase the risk for chronic postsurgical pain. Certain patient factors and anesthetic and surgical techniques have been implicated. Incorporating multimodal methods for perioperative pain management using nonconventional opioids, such as methadone, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, and regional techniques can improve outcomes and prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid tolerance, and chronic postsurgical pain in patients on long-term opioid therapy.
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Torluccio, Giuseppe, Paolo Palliola, Paola Brighi, Lorenzo Dal Maso, Antonio Ciccaglione, Francesca Pampurini, and Anna Grazia Quaranta. IFRS9 e le sfide di contesto. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00032.
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Under IFRS9, Financial Institutions are required to implement impairment frameworks to determine the expected losses on their credit portfolio taking into account the current (so called “point in time”) and the prospective (so called “forward looking”) economic cycle. The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has posed significant challenges for Financial Institutions in their ability to manage credit risk. Despite numerous guidelines given by regulators, estimating IFRS9 expected loss continues to be a considerable challenge. The challenge partly stems from the relationship between macro-economic scenarios and credit losses, the treatment of moratoriums inside the historical series for development and calibration of IFRS9 risk parameters, and the management of support measures defined at National and European levels (e.g. Next Generation EU) for the forward looking estimations.
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Donn, Steven M., and Gary N. McAbee, eds. Medicolegal Issues in Pediatrics. 7th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581107012.
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Medical liability continues to be a fact of life for pediatricians. One third of pediatricians will be sued for medical liability over the course of their careers. Pediatricians need to be aware of this fact and take steps to reduce the likelihood of being sued. Medicolegal Issues in Pediatrics, offers a wide range of medicolegal topics that affect the practice of pediatrics from residency through retirement. It provides pediatricians with detailed information on common pediatric malpractice claims and specific risk management strategies to reduce the threat of being sued and make it easier to defend a claim.
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Prentice, Elizabeth. Laryngeal Papillomatosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0018.
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The incidence of recurrent juvenile laryngeal papilloma caused by human papilloma virus has been rising (Dalmeida et al., 1996). A child with this potentially life-threatening condition requires surgical resection to avoid respiratory obstruction; this surgery may need to be repeated regularly for many years. Laser therapy to the airway provides specific challenges to the anesthesiologist. In particular, the risks of a shared compromised airway as well as the hazards of the laser itself must be appreciated by all medical personnel. The key to success is thorough preoperative assessment, good continuous communication with surgical and nursing staff, preparation for the management of critical incidents, and familiarity with the surgical and anesthetic equipment.
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Porta, Miquel, and John M. Last. A Dictionary of Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191844386.001.0001.
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Over 5,000 entriesThis dictionary covers terms used in public health science and practice, including areas such as communicable disease control, epidemiology, genetics, nutrition, toxicology, social work, sanitation and public health engineering, environmental sciences, and administration. It offers definitions, discussion, and an occasional brief commentary on the relevance of each term to people and their health.The second edition expands coverage of terms relevant to the following areas, amongst others: health policy, health economics, and health services, including the Affordable Care Act and related topics; preventive medicine, health promotion, and behavioral sciences; risk assessment and risk management; emerging diseases; emergency preparedness; and bioethics and essential legal terms relevant for public health. It includes a list of useful web links and c.300 bibliographic references, directly linked from relevant entries. It continues to be a trusted resource for answers to questions that arise in the course of public health practice, whether in the office or in the field, in interactions with the public or with the media.
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Dozio, Nicoletta. Pregnancy planning in Type 1 diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.003.0010.
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Pregnancy outcomes in Type 1 diabetes have progressively improved, but are not yet at background population level. Insulin requirements increase early in pregnancy, followed by a nadir at 16–18 weeks, consistently climbing nearly to delivery. Everyone who sees Type 1 patients of childbearing years should be able to deliver concise and practical advice on pre-pregnancy management, including contraception advice. About one-third of UK pregnancies are unplanned. Even where formal counselling is readily available, most women do not access it. Maternal risks during pregnancy include exacerbation of pre-existing complications, hypoglycaemia, and pre-eclampsia; foetal risks include pregnancy loss, fetal malformation, prematurity, macrosomia, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Ideal preconception A1C is 6 to 7% (42 to 53 mmol/mol). Most insulin preparations are safe during pregnancy. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump therapy are increasingly used, but evidence of definite benefit is awaited. Women are usually highly motivated to optimize glycaemic control during pregnancy.
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Macdougall, Iain C. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0124.
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The advent of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) in the late 1980s transformed the management of renal anaemia, liberating many dialysis patients from lifelong regular blood transfusions, in turn causing severe iron overload and human leucocyte antigen sensitization. Epoetin can be administered either intravenously or subcutaneously, but the half-life of the drug is fairly short at around 6–8 hours, necessitating frequent injections. To circumvent this problem, two manipulations to the erythropoietin molecule were engineered. The first of these was to attach an extra two carbohydrate chains to the therapeutic protein hormone (to make darbepoetin alfa), and the second was to attach a large pegylation chain to make continuous erythropoietin receptor activator. Both of these strategies prolonged the circulating half-life of the erythropoietin analogue. The next erythropoietic agent to be produced was peginesatide, a peptide-based agent which had no structural homology with native or recombinant erythropoietin, but shared the same biological and functional characteristics. Future strategies include stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor, by orally active inhibitors of the prolyl hydroxylase enzyme, and advanced clinical trials are underway. In the meantime, several large randomized controlled trials have highlighted the potential harm in targeting a near normal haemoglobin of 13–14 g/dL (with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications), and sub-normal correction of anaemia is now advised. Some patients may show mild or severe resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, and common causes include iron insufficiency, infection, and underlying inflammation. Very rarely, patients may produce antibodies against their ESA, which neutralize not only the ESA, but also endogenous erythropoietin, causing pure red cell aplasia.
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Baird, Emily J. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0045.
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an idiopathic form of heart failure that manifests during the last month of pregnancy or the first 5 months postpartum. Although the incidence is relatively low, the maternal impact is high, with up to 12% of maternal deaths in the United States resulting from sequelae of PPCM. Risk factors are poorly understood at the present time, as are the pathophysiologic mechanisms. Timely diagnosis continues to be a challenge, since many of the symptoms of PPCM mimic those commonly encountered during the normal peripartum period. Management of PPCM parallels current heart failure guidelines, with special consideration to the safety of medications and interventions during pregnancy and lactation. This chapter discusses proper clinical suspicion, processes for diagnosis, and current treatment strategies as well as the overall prognosis.
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Fichtner, Alexander, and Franz Schaefer. Acute kidney injury in children. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0239.
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In the past few decades, the overall incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in paediatric patients has increased and the aetiological spectrum has shifted from infection-related and intrinsic renal causes towards secondary forms of AKI related to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs and complex surgical, oncological, and intensive care manoeuvres. In addition, neonatal kidney impairment and haemolytic uraemic syndrome continue to be important specific paediatric causes of AKI raising unique challenges regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The search for new biomarkers is a current focus of research in paediatric as in adult AKI research.Pharmacological intervention studies to prevent or attenuate AKI have provided positive evidence only for the prophylactic use of theophylline in severely depressed neonates, whereas dopamine and loop diuretics did not demonstrate any efficacy. Preliminary findings support a dose-dependent renoprotective action of fenoldopam in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.Critical issues in the management of AKI in children include fluid handling, maintenance of adequate nutrition, and the choice of renal replacement therapy modality. Observational studies have suggested an adverse impact of fluid overload and late start of renal replacement therapy, and a randomized clinical trial revealed detrimental effects of aggressive fluid bolus therapy in volume-depleted children.Technological advances have made it possible to apply continuous replacement therapies in children of all ages, including preterm neonates, using appropriately sized catheters, filters, tubing, and flow settings adapted to paediatric needs. However, the majority of children with AKI worldwide are still treated with peritoneal dialysis, and comparative studies demonstrating superiority of extracorporeal techniques over peritoneal dialysis are lacking.The outcomes of paediatric AKI are comparable to adult patients. In critically ill children, mortality risk increases with each stage of AKI; mortality rates typically range between 15% and 30% for all AKI stages and 30% to 60% in children requiring renal replacement therapy. Chronic kidney disease develops in approximately 10% of children surviving AKI.
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Ali, Ased, and Rob Pickard. Infection of the lower urinary tract. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0176_update_001.
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Lower urinary tract infection is common, distressing, and when recurrent can have a significant impact on quality of life. The normally sterile urinary tract is the site of an ongoing but complex interplay between an evolving pathogen and a highly developed host immune defence system. The development of an active infection generally requires either greater virulence in the pathogen or deficient host immune defence. Nonetheless, even where infection has occurred, the interplay between pathogen and host continues, influencing the extent and level of invasion as well as the duration of infection and extent of tissue damage caused.Asymptomatic bacteriuria is discussed, with implications for treatment (usually not). The risk factors, diagnosis and management of simple cystitis are discussed, with a discussion of approaches to managing recurrent infections. Urethritis requires consideration of sexually transmitted infections and co-infections. Prostatitis requires more prolonged antibiotic treatment.
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Simon, Gleeson, and Guynn Randall. Part II The US Resolution Regime, 8 Resolution Planning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199698011.003.0008.
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This chapter describes the resolution planning process in the United States for liquidating, reorganizing, or otherwise resolving systemically important financial institutions that have reached the point of non-viability. Resolution is the last stage along the full continuum of contingency planning from risk management, to early remediation, to recovery planning, to resolution planning, that is sometimes referred to as a ‘living will’. Activating a resolution plan would be a last resort, when various ex ante solutions designed to reduce the likelihood of failure have been unsuccessful. Preparing and regularly updating a resolution plan is required under Title I, section 165(d) of the Dodd‒Frank Act, which applies to all bank holding companies (BHCs) and foreign banking organizations with assets of $50 billion or more, as well as any non-bank financial institution that has been designated as systemically important.
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Shawar, Yusra Ribhi, and Jennifer Prah Ruger. The World Bank. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0017.
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The World Bank, one of the largest global health funders, continues to deny a formal legal obligation for human rights. Internal constraints limit the Bank’s ability to do so, since its Articles of Agreement explicitly forbid it from interfering in a country’s internal political affairs, making it unclear whether human rights risk management is within the institution’s mandate. This stands in contrast to the institution’s commitment to human rights, as reflected in its commitment to helping countries achieve universal health coverage and in its “twin goals” of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, which fundamentally contribute to the realization of social and economic rights. This chapter analyzes the ways in which rights-based discourse has evolved in the Bank’s global health policies and practices and identifies the institutional factors that have shaped its consideration of human rights.
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Shaw, Christopher M., Akin Cil, and Lyle J. Micheli. Upper extremity and trunk injuries. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0044.
Full textAbstract:
As the rate and level of youth athletic participation continues to rise, so does the frequency of injury to the trunk and upper extremities in these young athletes. Injuries are varied in severity and frequency. Additionally, injury patterns are unique to the growing musculoskeletal system and specific to the demands of the sport. The treatment of these injuries is also varied, ranging from preventative, to non-operative, to operative. Recognition of injury patterns with early activity modification and the initiation of efficacious treatment can potentially prevent invasive treatments, future deformity, or disability, and return the young athlete to sport. This chapter discusses the diagnosis and management of common upper extremity and trunk injuries in the paediatric athlete, including joint injuries, fractures, repetitive microtrauma, tendonitis, ligament injuries, and back pain.
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Teoh, Eugene, and Michael J. Weston. Computed tomography. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0014.
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Computed tomography (CT) has increased in use exponentially for the assessment of patients with renal tract pathology. This has been promoted by the availability of multidetector thin-slice CT so that intravenous urography has been superseded by CT urography. The latter may be considered as a ‘one-stop’ imaging investigation for haematuria, with increased detection of both urinary tract cancers and urolithiasis. Multiplanar reformats are made possible with the use of thin slices, allowing clear delineation of other pathologies such as urinary tract injury. In the transplant recipient, protocols have been developed for the assessment of more immediate complications such as thrombotic and stenotic disease. During follow-up, CT continues to inform the management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and other immunosuppressant-related complications. Unenhanced CT of the urinary tract has established its role in assessment of patients with renal colic, with the ability to detect pathology outside of the urinary tract. Renal CT has been developed for the characterization of renal masses, accompanied by the now well-established Bosniak renal cyst classification system. As the usefulness of CT increases, clear awareness of safety issues has to be maintained. These include the administration of intravenous iodinated contrast medium in higher-risk patient groups, particularly those with renal impairment. The radiation burden that comes with CT poses an added risk to the patient that should not be ignored. This necessitates clear referral guidelines for its use, which should be applied in careful balance with the global assessment of the patient.
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Miller, Elizabeth, and Eric Sigel, eds. AM:STARS: Youth Violence Prevention and Intervention in Clinical and Community-based Settings, Vol. 27, No. 2. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109399.
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Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews (AM:STARs) is the official publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Adolescent Health. AM:STARs is a series of clinical reviews that detail advances in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of health problems affecting adolescents. Edited by the AAP Section on Adolescent Health, AM:STARs helps you stay up-to-date in key areas of current adolescent clinical practice. This widely respected resource continues to deliver practice-focused, useful information you won't see anywhere else. Articles in this issue: The role of the health care professional in curbing youth violence Assessing and treating youth violence in the primary care setting Violence and mental health: trauma-informed practice and wellness approach to violence victimization Adolescent relationship abuse prevention and intervention Social media, cyberbullying, and adolescent health Media use and violence perpetration Substance abuse and violence Promoting resilience for youth who are violence involved Firearm risk: assessment and intervention in the health care setting Building an evidence-based multi-tiered system of support for violence prevention in the health care setting Treating youth violence in the hospital and emergency department settings
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Kneeland, Timothy W. Playing Politics with Natural Disaster. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748530.001.0001.
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Hurricane Agnes struck the United States in June of 1972, just months before a pivotal election and at the dawn of the deindustrialization period across the Northeast. The response by local, state, and national officials had long-term consequences for all Americans. President Richard Nixon used the tragedy for political gain by delivering a generous relief package to the key states of New York and Pennsylvania in a bid to win over voters. After his landslide reelection in 1972, Nixon cut benefits for disaster victims and then passed legislation to push responsibility for disaster preparation and mitigation onto states and localities. The impact led to the rise of emergency management and inspired the development of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). With a particular focus on events in New York and Pennsylvania, this book narrates how local, state, and federal authorities responded to the immediate crisis of Hurricane Agnes and managed the long-term recovery. The impact of Agnes was horrific, as the storm left 122 people dead, forced tens of thousands into homelessness, and caused billions of dollars in damage from Florida to New York. In its aftermath, local officials and leaders directed disaster relief funds to rebuild their shattered cities and reshaped future disaster policies. The book explains how the political decisions by local, state, and federal officials shaped state and national disaster policy and continues to influence emergency preparedness and response to this day.
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Cross, Katharine, Katharina Tondera, Anacleto Rizzo, Lisa Andrews, Bernhard Pucher, Darja Istenič, Nathan Karres, and Robert McDonald, eds. Nature-Based Solutions for Wastewater Treatment. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062267.
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There are 2.4 billion people without improved sanitation and another 2.1 billion with inadequate sanitation (i.e. wastewater drains directly into surface waters), and despite improvements over the past decades, the unsafe management of fecal waste and wastewater continues to present a major risk to public health and the environment (UN, 2016). There is growing interest in low cost sanitation solutions which harness natural systems. However, it can be difficult for wastewater utility managers to understand under what conditions such nature-based solutions (NBS) might be applicable and how best to combine traditional infrastructure, for example an activated sludge treatment plant, with an NBS such as treatment wetlands. There is increasing scientific evidence that treatment systems with designs inspired by nature are highly efficient treatment technologies. The cost-effective design and implementation of ecosystems in wastewater treatment is something that exists and has the potential to be further promoted globally as both a sustainable and practical solution. This book serves as a compilation of technical references, case examples and guidance for applying nature-based solutions for treatment of domestic wastewater, and enables a wide variety of stakeholders to understand the design parameters, removal efficiencies, costs, co-benefits for both people and nature and trade-offs for consideration in their local context. Examples through case studies are from across the globe and provide practical insights into the variety of potentially applicable solutions. ISBN: 9781789062250 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062267 (eBook)
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Climate Change for Health Professionals: A Pocket Book. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121849.
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The effects of climate change on human health are unequivocal and can already be perceived worldwide. Phenomena such as heat waves, cold waves, floods, droughts, hurricanes, storms, and other extreme weather events can impact health both directly and indirectly, as well as trigger or exacerbate certain conditions and, consequently, put pressure on health services and their infrastructure. These include vector-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases—due to changes in the behavior and distribution of vectors and pathogens—and mental health disorders induced by mounting social unrest and forced displacement. Climate change for health professionals is a pocket book based on empirical data that offers essential information for medical personnel and other health professionals to realize the impacts of climate change on their daily practice. With this quick reference guide, providers can easily recognize diseases and side effects related to climate change, implement appropriate management and provide guidance to exposed populations, provide up-to-date information on the relationship between the adverse effects of certain drugs and the worsening of climate-sensitive health conditions, and determine the possible consequences of climate change for health services. This book addresses key meteorological risks, as well as the health conditions which they may influence, grouped by specific clinical areas. With this publication, the Pan American Health Organization aims to help build knowledge on the subject and strengthen the capacity of health systems to predict, prevent, and prepare, with a view to offering continuous high-quality health services in a world where climate is changing rapidly.