Academic literature on the topic 'Continuous green synthesis'

Background: Pyrroles are organic cyclic compounds with an extensive and fascinating chemistry. These compounds have a wide structural variety and they are an important basis in technological development as they can be used as drugs, dyes, catalysts, pesticides, etc. Therefore, the production of these heterocyclic compounds by efficient clean methodologies is a great achievement in contemporary chemistry. In this paper, we show recent green procedures in the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives such as Hantzsch, Knorr and Paal- Knorr syntheses, as well as new eco-friendly synthetic procedures with high efficiency and low environmental impact. Objective: This work focusses on the recent advances in the pyrrole synthesis using clean techniques like ultrasound (US), microwaves (MW), high speed vibration milling (HSVM), catalysts use, solvent replace and other methodologies applied to common reactions to obtain the pyrrole core which follow the green chemistry principles. Conclusion: The main challenge of Green Chemistry is to gradually eliminate the generation of hazardous or harmful materials or replace them with less toxic and safer ones. However, this process must be driven by scientific developments. Its application in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrole derivatives involves multiple economic and social benefits due to the biological importance of these compounds and their direct impact on the pharmaceutical industry. Although many processes are still under investigation using novel methodologies of green activation such as microwaves, ultrasound and HSVM, as well as synthetic processes in continuous flow and processes at room temperature, promising results such as cost and waste reduction and greater efficiency are achieved.

A rapid and environmentally benign synthesis of green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) with low cytotoxicity via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) aided by calix[4]arene tetrasulfonic acid (SCX4) as a particle size limiting agent.

Heterogeneous catalysis, flow chemistry, continuous processing, green solvents, catalyst immobilization and recycling are some of the most relevant, emerging key technologies to achieve green synthesis.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (FexOy-NPs) are currently being applied in numerous high-tech sectors, such as in chemical sectors for catalysis and in the medical sector for drug delivery systems and antimicrobial purposes, due to their specific, unique and magnetic properties. Nevertheless, their synthesis is under continuous investigation, as physicochemical methods are considered expensive and require toxic solvents. Thus, green nanotechnology has shown considerable promise in the eco-biogenesis of nanoparticles. In the current study, FexOy-NPs were synthesized by two different methods: via green synthesis through the use of polyphenols, which were extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L.; and via chemical synthesis, in which the reducing agent was a chemical (NaOH), and iron chloride was used as a precursor. Thus, polyphenol extraction and its ability to produce nanoparticles were evaluated based on the drying temperature used during the Phoenix dactylifera L. recollection, as well as the extraction solvent used. The results highlight the potential of polyphenols present in Phoenix dactylifera L. for the sustainable manufacture of FexOy-NPs. Finally, green and chemical syntheses were compared on the basis of physicochemical characteristics and functional properties.

We report the green electrochemical synthesis of size-controlled AgNPs by tuning the flow velocity in a continuous flow system, and an improved multi-electrode design for increasing the synthesis yield in unit time.

This Ph.D. thesis is centered on developing greener methodologies for the synthesis of bio-based compounds starting from waste or low-value feedstock. The work is divided in two main chapters based on output, one dealing with the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates (Chapter 2), the other with the synthesis of glycerol derivatives (Chapter 3). In Chapter 2 a novel class of tungstate ionic liquids (TILs) was studied. Different synthetic routes were followed, some already published, others that exploit a green halide-free protocol developed in this thesis. The TILs were initially investigated for the CO2 fixation reaction into epoxides. Once established their potential use in this field, the TILs were investigated for the tandem direct oxidative carboxylation (DOC) of olefins to give cyclic organic carbonates. Tandem catalysis is a way to achieve process intensification by using the same catalyst for two or more sequential reaction steps having different mechanisms. TILs are demonstrated as effective tandem catalysts for the direct synthesis of COCs from olefins. In the first step, the TILs promote epoxidation of the olefin, while in the second step they catalyse insertion of CO2 into the epoxide, without any intermediate work-up. The procedure is greener than current protocols from several standpoints: H2O2 is used as oxidant, atmospheric pressure of CO2 is sufficient to achieve yields >90% in COCs and product recovery occurs by simple phase separation. Additionally, simple alkali metal halide salts (e.g., NaBr, NaI, KBr, KI) are sufficient to promote CO2 insertion into epoxides in place of traditional costlier (for their environmental burden and resource use) ammonium halides. The simple alkali metal halide salt NaBr is also used as catalysts in a new CO2 insertion process run in continuous flow. In this case, NaBr is activated by diethylene glycol (DEG) that acts as an inexpensive and largely available complexing agent for Na+ as well as a hydrogen-bond donor that promotes the ring- opening of the epoxides. An in-depth study of the continuous-flow conditions allowed to obtain COCs with high yields from terminal epoxides, and with a higher overall productivity compared to the batch process. A simple method for the recycling of the catalytic system was also developed. In Chapter 3, focus is on the synthesis of high value-added glycerol derivatives, i.e., esters, acetals and orthoesters of glycerol. Initially, the acetylation of glycerol and glycerol acetals with esters (in lieu of the commonly used acetic acid and acetic anhydride) in continuous flow was developed. A thermal, catalyst- free, continuous flow protocol allowed to reach high conversions of the substrates. Among the different esters that were tested, isopropenyl acetate (iPAc) showed the highest performance, affording quantitative yields in marketable products such as Solketal acetate and triacetin. The better performance of iPAc is due to the fact that it promotes an irreversible esterification process caused by the release of acetone. Next, tandem acetalization of glycerol with the acetone released in situ was studied. This reaction did not proceed satisfactorily under catalyst-free conditions. The direct synthesis of Solketal acetate by tandem acetalization-acetylation reactions of glycerol with isopropenyl acetate was therefore explored using Amberlyst-15 as acid catalyst. By addition of acetic acid and/or acetone as co-reactant, the selective synthesis of Solketal acetate or of a 1:1 mixture of Solketal acetate and triacetin was attained. Finally, new bio-based glycerol derivatives by reaction with orthoesters were investigated. The reactions of glycerol with this class of compounds – only scarcely explored in the 60s – yielded the first regioselective synthesis of 5-membered ring diastereoisomeric derivatives of glycerols through a catalyst-free procedure.

Le furfural, identifié comme l'un des 30 principaux produits chimiques biologiques, est une molécule importante en terme de chimie verte et développement durable. L'objectif de ce travail de doctorat est de réaliser la synthèse et la conversion du furfural en flux continu et par lots. Ici, nous avons développé des méthodes plus éco-efficiente pour la synthèse du furfural, et valorisé le furfural en produits à haute valeur ajoutée, tels que le 2-furonitrile, l'alcool furfurylique, etc... Plusieurs questions clés ont été identifiées afin de concevoir des processus plus écologiques que les processus actuels. En détail, des expériences de synthèse du furfural ont été réalisées dans l'eau pure ou dans un mélange eau-solvants organiques lorsque des co-solvants (verts ou écologiques) sont nécessaires. L'irradiation par micro-ondes a été choisie comme méthode de chauffage pour accélérer le processus de déshydratation, et un réacteur à flux continu à micro-ondes a également été utilisé pour améliorer la productivité du furfural. En partant du furfural pour produire des produits chimiques à haute valeur ajoutée, des réacteurs à flux efficace, tels que Pheonix, H-cube Pro ainsi que des micro-ondes à flux continu avec micro-réacteur, ont également été identifiés comme des alternatives intéressantes pour améliorer la productivité des composés cibles. En conséquence, certains résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus du point de vue de l'industrie
Furfural, which has been identified as one of top 30 bio-based chemicals, is an important green platform molecule, The aim of this PhD work is to realize the synthesis and conversion of furfural in batch and continuous flow. Here, we developed sorne greener methods for furfural synthesis, and valorized furfural into high value-added products, such as 2-furonitrile, furfuryl alcohol etc. Several keys issues were identified in order to design processes greener than the current ones. ln detail, experiments for furfural synthesis were performed in water or in water and organic solvent when co-solvents (green or eco-friendly) are necessary. Microwave irradiation has been chosen as the heating method to accelerate the dehydration process, and microwave continuous flow reactor was also applied to improve furfural productivity. When starting from furfural to produce high value-added chemicals, efficient flow reactors, suc as Pheonix, H-cube Pro as well as microwave continuous flow With micro-reactor, were also identified as interesting alternatives to improve the productivities of target compounds. As a result, some promising results were obtained in the viewpoint of industry

Questo lavoro di tesi vuole essere un valido contributo per lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie nell'ambito della green chemistry soprattutto nell'ambito dei processi a flusso continuo, catalisi e l'utilizzo di polimeri funzionalizzati. Innanzitutto si è portata a termine la sintesi del poli(acrilammide-omocisteina tiolattone), (PAHT) tramite polimerizzazione RAFT. Successivamente il PAHT è stato modificato tramite un sistema a flusso continuo e tecnica "oil-oil" per ottenere un polimero funzionalizzato con gruppi funzionali amminici e tiolici sotto forma di "beads". Il prodotto ottenuto è stato caratterizzato e la struttura è stata quindi confermata; in seguito si è testata l'attività catalitica come catalizzatore eterogeneo per la reazione di Knoevenagel dimostrando risultati positivi. La presenza di diversi gruppi funzionali del polimero capaci di essere facilmente modificati ha reso possibile la post-modificazione delle "beads" di polimero per inserire nuove funzionalità e proprietà quali gruppi solfonici, gruppi metil-metacrilici e nanoparticelle di oro. In conclusione è possibile affermare che tutti gli obiettivi prefissati sono stati ottenuti.

AbstractDecoupling has been and continues to be a discourse used to prolong business as usual growth strategies without confronting systemic and behavioural changes. While decoupling narratives have emerged in the past in the form of its close siblings such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve, green economy, eco-efficiency, eco-innovation, and more recently, the circular economy; scholars, especially from the ecological economics community, continue to systematically challenge decoupling both empirically and theoretically. Many meta-studies have concluded that absolute resource, energy, and emissions decoupling, when internalising for trade and consumption in tandem, results in futile. Therefore, institutionalising decoupling for future policy prolongs the misconception of a persistent myth, propagating a deceitful narrative failing to tackle the urgency of the climate crisis. In this chapter, several recent publications and developments are discussed and synthesised from a unique insight with contributions from the Barcelona school of Ecological Economics and Political Ecology. In conclusion, the chapter presents a case for the rejection of decoupling environmental degradation from economic growth and calls for just, inclusive, and biophysically grounded transformative futures

Nanotechnology, which involves the synthesis, design and application of materials or devices with sizes in the 1-100 nm range, has been an important topic in various basic and applied sciences such as medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, chemistry, biology, environment and materials science. Nanotechnology, which has ease of application, is a new emerging technology. The rapid increase in nanotechnological research around the world in recent years has allowed the development of nanoscale devices and new materials. Nanotechnology has opened up new dimensions in the field of biotechnology and nanomedicine, among various other important applications such as drug delivery, electronics, cosmetics, personal care products and biosensors. Nanoparticles (NPs), which form the basis of nanotechnology, have remarkable properties such as specific sizes, surface structures, chemical compositions, large surface area volume ratios, electronic structure, and interfacial reactivity. As the sizes and shapes of NPs change, the physical, chemical, optical, electrical, thermal, catalytic, bioactivity and toxicity properties of the particles also change. NPs of various shapes and sizes are synthesized by three different methods as physical, chemical and biological. Synthesis of NPs by conventional methods such as physical and chemical methods causes high energy consumption, low efficiency, high cost and formation of toxic products. Green synthesis, which has been widely used recently, is a more cost-effective, easy to synthesize and environmentally friendly method using biological agents. Different natural and harmless biomaterials such as plants, plant extracts, fungi, algae, yeasts, bacteria, virus DNA are used for the biological synthesis of different NPs. With this method, the effect of chemicals is greatly reduced and their damage is eliminated as much as possible. In addition, it does not require high pressure and high temperature values. Many metals and metal oxide nanoparticles such as gold, zinc, silver, palladium, manganese, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide and lead oxide are synthesized in a single step with the green synthesis method. The fact that the green synthesis method has many advantages compared to other processes and the continuous development of nanotechnology allows the green synthesis method to develop and be used more widely. The aim of this study is to reveal the importance of green synthesis, the biomaterials used in green synthesis, the properties and usage areas of synthesized NPs.

Biodiesel production or synthesis by non-edible oils has been introduced recently due to its potential to overcome the problems associated with first generation of feedstock, especially the competition between food and transport biofuel. The production of this non-edible resource could be done without major investment and benefit many parties involved: agricultural sector, job creator, biodiversity, and many other benefits. Microwave-assisted technique has been found as one of the methods that has the potential to be a highlight due to its ability to reduce the cost production and produce higher quality biodiesel as well. This method has been identified to enhanced and accelerate the transesterification process in order to obtain higher yields in the biodiesel synthesis. Continuous process in the other hand seems to be more significant when compared to batch solution. This review is an attempt to gather and summarize the existing literature and study the natural heterogeneous catalyst as one of the green and economic methods using microwave irradiation method.

Continuous release of contaminants into the environment and their toxic effects on the living world prompted public and scientific interests in the remediation of pollutants. The release of toxic pollutants not only hinders the soil environments but also disturbs the aquatic environments. The hindrance in soil and aquatic environments causes a serious warning to the productive environment and food security. Thus, excluding and counteracting the pollutants from the environment is necessary to develop a safe and productive environment. Currently, numerous techniques are used to remediate contaminants from the environment; moreover, nanoparticles are one of such most widely used techniques for environmental clean-up. This chapter briefly discusses the need for environmental remediation and nanoparticles for environmental clean-up, especially soil and water. Additionally, the complications and current research trends of using nanoparticles in environmental remediation are briefly discussed for determining future research prospects.

Since the first publication of the 12 green engineering principles by Anastas and coworkers in 2003 a considerable body of literature developed the idea and its systematic application further. Nowadays several chemical process assessment tools include green engineering principles. This talk gives an overview on the status of green engineering in process assessment and presents a process development example following green engineering principles such as employment of renewable rather than depleting feedstocks and maximization of mass, energy, space and time efficiency among others. In particular, investigations of the technical synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural HMF and 5-(chloromethyl) furfural CMF from sugars and sugar containing waste streams is presented. HMF and CMF attracted a lot of attention in recent literature as potential candidates for new platform chemicals. However, mainly studies of batch processes are so far available. In continuation of earlier investigations process development for a continuous flow synthesis of HMF and CMF is performed by means of a reactive extraction which allows to beneficially combine separation and reaction unit operations in a single processing step. A coiled flow inverter reactor concept with reactor diameters on the scale of millimeter and submillimeter is used. The hydrodynamic properties of the reactor concept in conjunction with small reactor diameters assure efficient heat and mass transfer, narrow residence time distribution and improved safety when compared to regular batch processes. The continuous flow approach allows more easy adaption to changing processing demands and better process control. In systematic investigations environmentally benign extraction solvents, reaction temperature, initial sugar concentrations, and reactor geometry is varied. Kinetic details as well as the influence of flow regimes of the two-phase mixture and hydrodynamic aspects of the reactor operation are elucidated. This information is of relevance for optimization for a later scale-up of the process in line with green engineering principles.

The effects of supplemental UV-A LED lighting on growth and antioxidant properties of two varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) microgreens were determined. Purple-leaf ‘Dark Opal’ and green-leaf ‘Sweet Genovese’ basils were grown in greenhouse (14 days, 22/18 ± 2 °C day/night temperature, 40 ± 5 % a relative air humidity) during winter season. The main lighting system (HPS lamps and natural daylight) was supplemented with ~13.0 μmol m-2 s-1 flux of UV-A 390 nm, and a total PPFD was ~125 μmol m-2 s-1 (16 h photoperiod) for 1 or 7 days before harvest, or entire growth period – 14 days. The results revealed that the influence of UV-A on growth and antioxidant properties depended on basil variety and duration of irradiation. Generally, UV-A irradiation for 7 days significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited growth and hypocotyl elongation of green-leaf basils, and for 14 days of both basil varieties. No significant differences on leaf chlorophyll index were determined. However, leaf flavonol index significantly increased in green-leaf basils after 7 and 14 days UV-A irradiation. The total phenols ant anthocyanin contents significantly decreased after 1 day UV-A irradiation in purple-leaf basils, and the continuous decrease following UV-A irradiation for 7 or 14 days was determined. In addition, UV-A irradiation had negative effects on ABTS radical activity in purple-leaf basils; however, the significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity after UV-A irradiation for 1 or 7 days in green-leaf basils were determined. UV-A influenced higher ascorbic acid synthesis in purple-leaf basils after 7 days irradiation, or after 14 days irradiation in both basil varieties. In summary, the supplemental UV-A LED lighting allows to protect basil microgreens from hypocotyl elongation, and enhances antioxidant properties in green-leaf basils. Purple-leaf basils showed to be more sensitive to UV-A irradiation, and less positive effects on antioxidant properties were determined.

More than 30 years have passed since Clements, et. al. succeeded in generating plasma in liquid (in-Liquid plasma: LP). Meanwhile, then plasma generation experiments using AC and DC power sources have been performed in electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in 2000, by Nomura, et. al., they succeeded in generating plasma in aqueous solution by using microwave as a power source. When the microwave is used as a power source, there is a problem that the electrode is deteriorated and melted by the heat of plasma, and there is a problem that the device cannot be used continuously. We solved this problem using a semiconductor (solid-state) microwave generator. In order to investigate the possibility of using this new plasma, we have applied to wastewater treatment (e.g. degradation of 1,4-dioxane, rhodamine B dye and hypochlorous) and gel synthesis (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) gel and silicone hydrogel gel). The photograph of the LP apparatus is illustrated in Figures 1. The MW generator was constructed using an Ampleon M2A-R semiconductor generator (2.45-GHz; maximal power, 1300 W) coupled to an isolator (air cooling device), a power monitor, a three-stub tuner and a short-circuit plunger. Microwaves continuously irradiated the liquid through the tungsten antenna (dia.: 10 mm; length: 200 mm). The tungsten antenna was isolated from the reactor and the waveguide using a ceramic spacer to irradiate MW in the solution. In the application of LP for wastewater treatment, the model wastewater of rhodamine B dye (RhB) were decomposed by LP irradiation, and degradation efficency of LP method was compared with conventional methods (UV photodegradation, NaClO chemical treatment, UV/NaClO chemical/photodegradation and the UV/TiO2 photocatalytic degradation method). The degradationon rate of LP method was remarkably fastest to conventional methods (Figure 2). In the application of LP for gel-synthesis, synthesizing the polymer-gel (PVP-gel and HySi-gel) was tried by the LP method. This feature of the method can significantly reduce (or eliminate) the initiator and crosslinking agent needed for conventional synthesis. Because these chemicals are very toxic, the LP approach is effective in green chemistry. In addition, it will further extend the application of these gels to the medical field.More than 30 years have passed since Clements, et. al. succeeded in generating plasma in liquid (in-Liquid plasma: LP) [1]. Meanwhile, then plasma generation experiments using AC and DC power sources have been performed in electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in 2000, by Nomura, et. al., [1], they succeeded in generating plasma in aqueous solution by using microwave as a power source. When the microwave is used as a power source, there is a problem that the electrode is deteriorated and melted by the heat of plasma, and there is a problem that the device cannot be used continuously. We solved this problem using a semiconductor (solid-state) microwave generator [2]. In order to investigate the possibility of using this new plasma, we have applied to wastewater treatment (e.g. degradation of 1,4-dioxane, rhodamine B dye and hypochlorous) and gel synthesis (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) gel and silicone hydrogel gel).More than 30 years have passed since Clements, et. al. succeeded in generating plasma in liquid (in-Liquid plasma: LP) [1]. Meanwhile, then plasma generation experiments using AC and DC power sources have been performed in electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in 2000, by Nomura, et. al., [1], they succeeded in generating plasma in aqueous solution by using microwave as a power source. When the microwave is used as a power source, there is a problem that the electrode is deteriorated and melted by the heat of plasma, and there is a problem that the device cannot be used continuously. We solved this problem using a semiconductor (solid-state) microwave generator [2]. In order to investigate the possibility of using this new plasma, we have applied to wastewater treatment (e.g. degradation of 1,4-dioxane, rhodamine B dye and hypochlorous) and gel synthesis (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) gel and silicone hydrogel gel).

El creciente proceso de dispersión territorial de las ciudades latinoamericanas y venezolanas (Maracaibo), deriva de la expansión incontrolada de la periferia urbana por ausencia o trasgresión de las restricciones físico-geográficas y legales y es consecuencia de la migración, el laissez faire territorial, la poca capacidad de gestión y la ausencia de cultura de sostenibilidad. Resulta de formas de producción del hábitat -paisajes urbanos híbridos-dispersos, donde coexisten y se mezclan en un continuo espaciotemporal desarticulado, fragmentos urbanos con diferentes códigos genéticos (urbanización espontánea y planificada). Este patrón de ocupación y desarrollo urbano, basado en tipologías extensivas de bajo rendimiento-intensidad de uso, genera fuertes presiones frente a las que parece no existir capacidad de respuesta institucional o a las que muchas veces no se quiere responder por razones políticas e ideológicas. La dispersión urbana en Maracaibo se ha traducido en el aumento de los costos de urbanización, del incremento del déficit de los servicios infraestructurales, de las asimetrías en la distribución espacial de calidad de vida y la precariedad. Este modelo disperso-insostenible que caracteriza a Maracaibo - con 1,6 millones de habitantes - ha desbordado los límites de la ciudad, ocupando los bordes de los corredores urbanos metropolitanos que desde la ciudad atraviesan la Zona Protectora (ZP). La ZP es un green belt plurimunicipal de 20.800 Has, que bordea y define el limitefrontera urbana del Archipiélago Metropolitano de Maracaibo (AMM). La ZP fue decretada en 1989 por el Ministerio del Ambiente (MARN) para frenar la expansión anárquica de Maracaibo y actuar como agente regulador del clima y el medio ambiente en beneficio de la calidad de la vida urbana y como políticacontenedor del crecimiento urbano de la ciudad, actualmente en proceso de ocupación por rituales urbanos en expansión. La ponencia presenta la metodología -estrategia de planificación-evaluación innovadora- (EPE+i) y resultados de un Estudio realizado para el Ministerio del Ambiente, con el fin de decidir sobre la desafectación total o parcial de la ZP. Con ese propósito se evalúa el impacto de los posibles futuros escenarios de ocupación urbana de la ZP, en la sostenibilidad del AMM. La EPE+i llena el vacío de la planificación-gestión urbana en Venezuela, asumiendo el principio de sostenibilidad y trenzando estratégicamente el proceso de Planificación-Gestión Urbana (PGU), con el modelo Presión- Estado-Respuesta (PER) y el apoyo de Tecnologías de Información Geográfica (TIG) -imagen satelital y SIG- para desarrollar modelos urbanos y atributos e Indicadores de Sostenibilidad Urbana (ISU) específicos. La sostenibilidad y gobernanza (participación-interacción política y social multinivel), se asumieron como principios clave del estudio, para la toma de decisión ética y construir una visiónhipótesis territorial integral y concertada de futuro para el conjunto urbanos ZP-AMM. La ponencia concluye presentando el resultado de la aplicación de la estrategia metodológica, EPE+i = [PGU+PER+TIG] (tecnovación creativa), donde los modelos SIG de vulnerabilidad, consolidación y conformidad de uso y el modelo síntesis, conformidad-adecuación ambiental y legal de la ocupación urbana de la ZP, constituyen los atributos e ISU de Estado; los escenarios se transforman en atributos e ISU de Presión y la gobernanza, evaluada a través de tres variables, legitimidad por desempeño, gobernabilidad y participación, conforman los atributos de Respuesta y seleccionado como política urbana y visión-hipótesis territorial integral para el conjunto ZP-AMM, el escenario E2: Corredores de Expansión Tendencial, porque organiza la ocupación lineal urbana actual, a lo largo de los corredores metropolitanos, manteniendo las áreas intermedias como zonas verdes de protección. Urban sprawl in Latin-American and Venezuelan cities derives from uncontrolled urban expansion of the periphery, due to the absence or infringement of geographical and legal restrictions through planned and spontaneous urban occupation (hybrid urbanization). This in turn results from migration and territorial laissez faire; limited urban management capacity and sustainability culture in public, private and community institutions although they perceived and inhabit a precarious environment and frequently protest demanding services, security and houses. For Sempere (2005, is caused by illegal ways of habitat production based on low density and extensive typologies. This urban pattern generates strong pressures against which there is no institutional capacity or will to respond due to political or ideological reasons. This disperse-unsustainable model in Maracaibo (capital of the Zulia State, located at the western extreme of Venezuela) has led to the explosion of the city boundaries, and the occupation of the edges of the metropolitan urban corridors, which run from the city across the Protective Zone (PZ). The PZ is a green belt of 20.800 Hectares, decreed in 1989 to act as a policy-container of urban growth by defining the city west boundaries and is in the process of transformation-mutation by urban rituals in expansion. It is the territorial expression of the contemporary forms of making city which result from the practice of the visible management government (VMG) in metropolitan Maracaibo, referred by Ferrer and others (2005) as Maracaibo’s metropolitan archipelago (MAM). The paper describes the method, innovative planningevaluation strategy (IPES) and the results of a study that evaluates the impact of sprawl -urban occupation of the Protective Zone (PZ)-, in Maracaibo’s -hybrid metropolitan archipelago- (HMA) sustainability. The IPES fills the gap of the local urban planning assuming the principles of sustainable development (SD) by means of braiding the urban planning process (UPP) with the Pressure-State-Response Model (PSR) and Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) -satellite images and GIS- to develop urban models, specific attributes and urban sustainable indicators (USI). The IPES (UPP+PSR) is a multilayered-relational model that works, within the PSR model and grapping this model with the UPP. In this model, the causes of environmental changes, Pressure are correlated with the urban-spatial scenarios, their effects State, with the diagnose synthesis and, the Response with the multilevel government and stakeholders, urban projects, actions and policies, proposed and undertaken to deal with these changes. To reach an ethical decision, a concerted vision of the future scenarios and to build an integral territorial hypothesis for the PZHMA, sustainability and governance -stakeholders’ participation- were the key principles of the study. The paper concludes presenting the IPES model (creative technovation), where the GIS models of vulnerability, consolidation, conformity of usage and the model synthesis, environmental and legal conformity-adequation of the urban occupation, serve as specific State Attributes; the envisioned urban - spatial scenarios constituted the Attributes of Pressure and urban governance, measured through three variables, legitimacy by performance, governability and participation, configured the Response Attributes and selecting as policy and integral hypothesis –vision for the PZ-MAM the E2 Scenario: Corridors of Tendencial Expansion because controls, adjusts and organises the present lineal urban occupation along the metropolitan corridors maintaining intermediate areas of green protection and re-creates a new hybrid sustainable urban landscape, a compact, dense and multifunctional-polycentric PZ-MAM.