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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous damage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Zhu, Jia Wei, Dan Ting Zhou, and Qiu Wei Yang. "Damage Localization for a Continuous Beam by the Displacement Variation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.366.

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Using the static displacement data, this paper presented a damage localization method for a continuous beam. This method is based on the estimation of changes in the static displacements of the structure. The most significant advantage of the method is that it does not require development of an analytical model of the structure being tested. All predictions are made directly from the measurments taken on the structure. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulated data of a three-span continuous beam. The results showed that the region in which the displacement variation is maximum is the damaged region for the continuous beam. Regardless of damages being small or large, the proposed method can identify locations of structural damages accurately only using the displacement changes under the applied static load. The proposed procedure is economical for computation and simple to implement. The presented scheme may be useful for damage localization of the continuous beam.

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2

Yuan-Sheng, Cheng, and Huang Yungbin. "Measurement of continuous damage parameter." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 31, no. 6 (January 1988): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(88)90209-3.

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3

ALVANDI, A., J. BASTIEN, E. GRÉGOIRE, and M. JOLIN. "BRIDGE INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT BY CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORMS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 09, no. 01 (March 2009): 11–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455409002874.

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The potential of continuous wavelet transforms for damage assessment of existing bridges is investigated herein. Different types of continuous wavelet transforms have been under investigation and the most effective ones have been introduced in a toolbox to automate the damage assessment procedure. In this paper, the performance of the wavelet approach and the influence of different parameters in the damage assessment procedures are studied through two examples: a simply supported beam and a three-span concrete bridge. Applying the wavelet transforms to a structure's static and/or dynamic response showed promising results with regard to localization of structural modification or damage. This paper underlines the high sensitivity of the wavelet analysis to damage intensity and its ability to be applied directly to the damaged data. These key characteristics could lead to this approach becoming one of the best for structural health monitoring of existing bridges in the near future.

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Cheng, Qifeng, Xuzhi Ruan, Yize Wang, and Zhiwei Chen. "Serious Damage Localization of Continuous Girder Bridge by Support Reaction Influence Lines." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020182.

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A novel damage detection approach is proposed in this study for a continuous girder bridge in which support reaction influence lines (ILs) are adopted. First, the relationship between the local damage of a continuous girder bridge and a damage index, based on support reaction ILs, is established through analytical derivation. Subsequently, the sensitivity of a support reaction IL-based damage index is analyzed using Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory, and it shows that the support reaction IL-based damage index is more noise-resistant if more support reaction ILs from a variety of locations are used. Three case studies (a simple numerical study of a two-span continuous beam, a laboratory experimental study of a two-span aluminum beam, and a complicated numerical study of a continuous girder bridge in Xiamen) have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in different damage scenarios, including single damage and multiple damages. Satisfactory damage identification results can be obtained even in high-level measurement noise conditions, showing that the proposed approach offers a promising field detection technique for identifying local structural damages in continuous girder bridges.

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5

Ciambella, J., A. Pau, and F. Vestroni. "Modal curvature-based damage localization in weakly damaged continuous beams." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 121 (April 2019): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.11.012.

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6

Huang, Shengnan, Lieping Ye, and Xinzheng Lu. "Damage Identification of Continuous Rigid Frame Concrete Bridge." Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (September 4, 2014): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010193.

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During a bridge service life, many factors can cause damage accumulation such as overloaded traffic, fatigue effect, and so on. Hence, the identification of potential damages has been received wide attention to prevent such sudden fatal accident. An experiment of a continuous rigid frame concrete bridge, which had 3 spans and a total length of 18 meters, was presented in this paper. Two load stages and ten different load steps were simulated to test various scenario of long-term loading and different levels of overload. Curvature mode method was adopted to detect the damage during the exercises. The changes of curvature modes were used to detect damage after the ten load steps. This method performed excellent to identify the damage position of the bridge. So, it is concluded that the curvature modes can be used to detect damage in actual structures. In addition, the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized, and the experimental recurring was verified positively through FEA model.

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7

Pukkala, Timo, Olavi Laiho, and Erkki Lähde. "Continuous cover management reduces wind damage." Forest Ecology and Management 372 (July 2016): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.014.

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8

Li, Z. H., and F. T. K. Au. "Damage Detection of a Continuous Bridge from Response of a Moving Vehicle." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/146802.

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This paper presents a multistage multipass method to identify the damage location of a continuous bridge from the response of a vehicle moving on the rough road surface of the bridge. The vehicle runs over the bridge several times at different velocities and the corresponding responses of the vehicle can be obtained. The vertical accelerations of the vehicle running on the intact and damaged bridges are used for identification. The multistage damage detection method is implemented by the modal strain energy based method and genetic algorithm. The modal strain energy based method estimates the damage location by calculating a damage indicator from the frequencies extracted from the vehicle responses of both the intact and damaged states of the bridge. At the second stage, the identification problem is transformed into a global optimization problem and is solved by genetic algorithm techniques. For each pass of the vehicle, the method can identify the location of the damage until it is determined with acceptable accuracy. A two-span continuous bridge is used to verify the method. The numerical results show that this method can identify the location of damage reasonably well.

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9

SUGIYAMA, Hirofumi, Kazumi MATSUI, Takahiro YAMADA, and Shigenobu OKAZAWA. "Ductile fracture simulations by damage model based on continuous damage mechanics." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2017.30 (2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2017.30.307.

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10

Chauhan, R. S., and N. E. Dweltz. "Damage to Continuous-filament Yarns during Weaving." Journal of the Textile Institute 79, no. 1 (January 1988): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008808659154.

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11

SHIDO, AKEMI, HIROMITSU KOBAYASHI, KEN YAMAMOTO, TSUTOMU KOBAYASHI, TAKASHI FUJIMURA, and YUTAKA YONEMURA. "Peritoneal Damage after Continuous Hyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 813, no. 1 Thermoregulat (March 1997): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51753.x.

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12

Chaboche, J. L., and P. M. Lesne. "A NON-LINEAR CONTINUOUS FATIGUE DAMAGE MODEL." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 11, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01216.x.

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13

Song, Youngseok, and Moojong Park. "Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093598.

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Among natural disasters, droughts can affect a large area for a prolonged period of time. If a drought happens, an appropriate response requires a lot of time and manpower from beginning to end, and continuous management is necessary for further prevention. Using data on drought damages from 1900 to 2018 in 148 countries in six continents around the world, this study was able to set quantitative standards for mega-droughts. According to data on the status of annual drought damages, the frequency of drought damages (1900–2018) and the subsequent damage costs (1965–2018) are increasing, while human losses (1900–2018) are decreasing. Additionally, Africa had the highest frequency of drought damages, while Africa and Asia were ranked at the top of the list in terms of human losses and damage costs, respectively. Droughts persisted for continuous periods ranging from 1 to 17 years, and the total number of cases involving drought damage was estimated to be 600 in total, with total human losses of 11,731,294 people and total accumulated damage costs of $17,367,007,000. This study provided quantitative standards for the frequency of drought damages, human losses, and damage costs for mega-droughts in consideration of continuous drought periods. This study set the quantitative standards for a mega-drought as follows: (1) if drought damages continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, (2) if human losses continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, and (3) if mean annual damage costs of $17,000,000 continue to occur in a country for more than seven years.

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14

Hameed, M. Saqib, Zheng Li, and Kaihong Zheng. "Damage Detection Method Based on Continuous Wavelet Transformation of Lamb Wave Signals." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 8610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238610.

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A damage estimation method based on continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) of the normalized Lamb wave signals is proposed here. Lamb waves are actuated and sensed using piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) transducers arranged in the form of square detection cells on a plate-like structure. Excitation sequences based on pitch–catch and pulse–echo configurations are tested for the same arrangement of the transducers. The possibilities of the existence of damage for each actuator–senor pair are formed by using the normalized coefficient of CWT. The size of the possible damage region is directly controlled through envelopes defined by the coefficients of CWT, and no additional parameter is required to define its size. The aggregate damage image is constructed by the fusion of damage possibilities from all actuator–sensor pairs using damage indices based on conjunctive and compromised fusion schemes. The results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the location and severity of multiple damage with signals directly from the damaged plate, without the need of baseline signals from the undamaged plate, and the time-compensated signals provide better damage imaging than the raw signals. The most accurate and computationally inexpensive combination is the pulse–echo configuration with damage index based on conjunctive image fusion scheme. The method is computationally inexpensive and can be applied for multiple damage estimations in large structures to reduce the evaluation cost and inspection time during on-line structural health monitoring.

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15

Li, Shun Guo, and Hui Li. "The Fractional Diagnosis of Multi-Span Continuous Bridge’s Structural Damage Based on Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1298.

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The natural environmental erosion and human factors such as the impact of traffic accidents, crack propagation, concrete carbonation and etc, make the bridge’s damage more serious. Therefore, the bridge damage diagnosis has become a hot field of bridge engineering issues. This paper put forward the fractional diagnosis method of multi-span bridge structure reflecting the structural cracks and carbonation damage. In this paper, adopting the optimization equivalent method, the finite element model of damaged structure is set up according to the damaging characteristic of multi-span continuous bridge structure. A damage index of strain mode with practical meanings is adopted which can reflect local damage. Basing on this index, fractional-step detection method of structural damage is presented. The first step is to identify the damage region, then locate the detailed damage location and degree; Performance of the proposed damage detection approach is demonstrated with analysis of a multi-span continuous bridge. The result turns up trumps.

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16

Moon, Daehyun, and John Peter Krahel. "Continuous Risk Monitoring and Assessment: New Component of Continuous Assurance." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-18-01-09-1.

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ABSTRACT We propose a methodology for Continuous Risk Monitoring and Assessment (CRMA). As a new component of Continuous Assurance (CA), CRMA converts static CA systems into dynamic and adaptable systems that respond to changes in audit risks from client business risks, thereby improving the relevance and robustness of CA systems to changes in client business risks and possible business failures. The present methodology proposes to develop relevant leading and lagging indicators to monitor and assess a client's business risks and recognize emerging business risks or harmful impacts of materialized business risks in near real time. To illustrate, we develop a lagging indicator of reputational damage measured from real time postings published in social media websites. We present two cases where the present lagging indicator is measured using public Twitter messages (“tweets”) and used to assess the potential reputational damage to two large corporations.

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17

Huang, Yong, Jun Jie Wang, and De Yin Jin. "Bearing Simulation in Seismic Response Analysis of a Multi-Span Continuous Girder Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1029.

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The damage of bearing will change the boundary condition for whole bridge, if we do not take account of bearing failure, the error of structural analysis and the unreasonable in design will be made. In this paper, the effect of possible bearing damage to whole bridge during strong ground motion is studied through examining the seismic performance of a multi-span continuous girder bridge which is a real damaged bridge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Proper analytical restoring force models of bearings are proposed, which can simulate the seismic performance of the bridge before and after the bearing damage suitably.

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18

Lemaitre, Jean. "A Continuous Damage Mechanics Model for Ductile Fracture." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225775.

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A model of isotropic ductile plastic damage based on a continuum damage variable, on the effective stress concept and on thermodynamics is derived. The damage is linear with equivalent strain and shows a large influence of triaxiality by means of a damage equivalent stress. Identification for several metals is made by means of elasticity modulus change induced by damage. A comparison with the McClintock and Rice-Tracey models and with some experiments is presented for the influence of triaxiality on the strain to rupture.

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19

Nanda, Bharadwaj, Aditi Majumdar, Damodar Maity, and Dipak K. Maiti. "Performance Comparison among Vibration Based Indicators in Damage Identification of Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2081.

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A simple and robust methodology is presented to identify damages in a structure using changes in vibration data. A comparison is made among damage indicators such as natural frequencies, mode shape data, curvature damage factors and flexibility matrices to study their efficacy in damage assessment. Continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) technique is used to solve the inverse problem related to damage identification. The outcome of the simulated results demonstrates that the flexibility matrix as a damage indicator provides better damage identification.

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20

Loget, Olivier, Roy Forster, and Jean-François Le Bigot. "Corneal damage induced by continuous infusion in rats." Toxicology Letters 88 (October 1996): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(96)80365-1.

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21

Pijaudier‐Cabot, Gilles, Jacky Mazars, and Jacek Pulikowski. "Steel‐Concrete Bond Analysis with Nonlocal Continuous Damage." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 3 (March 1991): 862–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:3(862).

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22

Fleischer, Gerald. "Auditory damage due to impulses or continuous noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425054.

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23

Krajcinovic, D. "Continuous Damage Mechanics Revisited: Basic Concepts and Definitions." Journal of Applied Mechanics 52, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3169154.

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The paper proposes a geometrically consistent representation for the set of internal variables defining an arbitrary distribution of flat, planar microcracks. A special averaging procedure in conjunction with a characteristic length leads to an experimentally identifiable measure or damage. The model makes an essential distinction between the active and passive microcrack systems. The progressive deterioration of the material is modeled by a combination of nucleation (activation of new systems) and continued growth or cracks in already active systems.

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24

Ogata and Arai. "CONTINUOUS SEM OBSERVATIONS OF CREEP-FATIGUE DAMAGE PROCESSES." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 21, no. 7 (January 4, 2002): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.1998.00072.x.

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25

Teixeira, P., A. D. Santos, J. M. A. César de Sá, F. M. Andrade Pires, and A. Barata da Rocha. "Sheet metal formability evaluation using continuous damage mechanics." International Journal of Material Forming 2, S1 (August 2009): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0595-5.

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26

Sundaresan, Mannur J., Anindya Ghoshal, and Mark J. Schulz. "A continuous sensor for damage detection in bars." Smart Materials and Structures 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/11/4/301.

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27

Hack, Michael. "Modelling of Continuous Damage in Composite Structural Components." Lightweight Design worldwide 10, no. 2 (April 2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41777-017-0003-7.

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28

Mazars, J., G. Pijaudier-Cabot, and C. Saouridis. "Size effect and continuous damage in cementitious materials." International Journal of Fracture 51, no. 2 (September 1991): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033976.

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29

Daei, Maryam, and S. Hamid Mirmohammadi. "A flexibility method for structural damage identification using continuous ant colony optimization." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 11, no. 2 (August 10, 2015): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-05-2014-0027.

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Purpose – The interest in the ability to detect damage at the earliest possible stage is pervasive throughout the civil engineering over the last two decades. In general, the experimental techniques for damage detection are expensive and require that the vicinity of the damage is known and readily accessible; therefore several methods intend to detect damage based on numerical model and by means of minimum experimental data about dynamic properties or response of damaged structures. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the damage detection problem is formulated as an optimization problem such as to obtain the minimum difference between the numerical and experimental variables, and then a modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for solving this optimization problem. In the proposed algorithm, the structural damage is detected by using dynamically measured flexibility matrix, since the flexibility matrix of the structure can be estimated from only the first few modes. The continuous version of ACO is employed as a probabilistic technique for solving this computational problem. Findings – Compared to classical methods, one of the main strengths of this meta-heuristic method is the generally better robustness in achieving global optimum. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples. The proposed method enables the deduction of the extent and location of structural damage, while using short computational time and resulting good accuracy. Originality/value – Finding accurate results by means of minimum experimental data, while using short computational time is the final goal of all researches in the structural damage detection methods. In this paper, it gains by applying flexibility matrix in the definition of objective function, and also via using continuous ant colony algorithm as a powerful meta-heuristic techniques in the constrained nonlinear optimization problem.

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30

Majumdar, Aditi, Bharadwaj Nanda, Dipak Kumar Maiti, and Damodar Maity. "Structural Damage Detection Based on Modal Parameters Using Continuous Ant Colony Optimization." Advances in Civil Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/174185.

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A method is presented to detect and quantify structural damages from changes in modal parameters (such as natural frequencies and mode shapes). An inverse problem is formulated to minimize the objective function, defined in terms of discrepancy between the vibration data identified by modal testing and those computed from analytical model, which then solved to locate and assess the structural damage using continuous ant colony optimization algorithm. The damage is formulated as stiffness reduction factor. The study indicates potentiality of the developed code to solve a wide range of inverse identification problems.

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31

Xia, Xiu Shen, Xing Chong Chen, and Xiao Yang Li. "Analysis of Bridge Earthquake Damage and Reasonable Aseismic Systems." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4782.

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Damage to simple beam bridge, continuous beam bridge, continuous rigid frame bridge and arch bridge is analyzed in Wenchuan, Tangshan and Yunnan earthquakes etc. The results show that seismic damage for the same bridge system has many common features, and seismic performance of different bridge system varies greatly. Fall, bearing sliding, beam displacement and collision between adjacent beams at expansion joints the is major earthquake damage for simply beam bridge. Seismic damage ratio and degree of continuous beam bridge is bigger than the simple support beam bridge. Earthquake damage of the continuous rigid frame bridge is obvious lightly in the close simple beam and continuous beam bridge. Seismic damage of arch bridge is more complex. Selection methods of reasonable aseismic system for the straight line bridge in seismic zone are proposed based on the analysis of earthquake damage and numerical analysis.

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32

Sun, Jinru, Xueling Yao, Wenjun Xu, Jingliang Chen, and Yi Wu. "Evaluation method for lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymers subjected to multiple lightning strikes with different combinations of current components." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319860562.

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The aircraft lightning environment consists of four lightning current components with different parameters, which are known as lightning components A, B, C and D. The lightning damage of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates subjected to multiple continuous sequential lightning current components with different timing combinations was experimentally evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates suffered serious lightning damage, including carbon fiber fracture, resin pyrolysis and delamination. Through an analysis of the lightning damage properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the influential factors and evaluation methods of the lightning damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates were studied. Because the lightning damage evaluation method under a single lightning impulse was found to be inapplicable for the multiple continuous lightning strikes, a multi-factor evaluation method was proposed. In the multiple continuous lightning strike test, the damage depth was found to be closely related to lightning components A, B and D and could be estimated based on the amplitudes and rise rates of the applied lightning components. Increases in the damaged area after a lightning strike were driven by lightning component C due to its substantial thermal effects. The damaged area was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the electrical action integral and the transfer charge. The research on the evaluation methods for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate lightning damage presented herein may provide experimental support and a theoretical basis for studying the lightning effect mechanism and optimizing material formulations, manufacturing processes and structural designs to achieve performance improvements for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates in the future.

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33

Li, Zhenhu, and Francis Tat Kwong Au. "Damage Detection of Bridges Using Response of Vehicle Considering Road Surface Roughness." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 03 (March 8, 2015): 1450057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500576.

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This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA)-based method to identify the damage of girder bridges from the response of a vehicle moving over the bridge. The continuous wavelet transform-based method works when the surface is smooth but the identification becomes difficult when the road surface is rough. To deal with this problem, the identification process is formulated as an optimization problem and a guided GA is used to search for the global optimal value. The vertical accelerations of the vehicle running over the bridge at the intact and damaged states are used to identify the occurrence and location of the damage. Frequencies of the bridge at the intact and damaged states can be extracted from these responses, from which the frequency-based method can roughly estimate the possible locations of the damage. These locations are not unique as frequencies alone are insufficient to identify the damage location. However these initial results can be used to narrow down the search region on which the GA can focus. Numerical study shows that the strategy can identify the damage location for simply supported and continuous girder bridges even though road surface roughness and measurement noise are taken into account.

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34

Carminati, M., and S. Ricci. "Structural Damage Detection Using Nonlinear Vibrations." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1901362.

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Nonlinear vibrations emerging from damaged structures are suitable indicators for detecting defects. When a crack arises, its behavior could be approximated like a bilinear stiffness. According to this scheme, typical nonlinear phenomena as the presence of superharmonics in the dynamic response and the variation of the oscillation frequency in time emerge. These physical consequences give the opportunity to study damage detection procedures with relevant improvements with respect to the typical strategies based on linear vibrations, such as high sensitivity to small damages, no need for an accurate comparison model, and behavior not influenced by environmental conditions. This paper presents a methodology, which aims at finding suitable nonlinear phenomena for the damage detection of three contact-type damages in a panel representing a typical aeronautical structural component. At first, structural simulations are executed using MSC Nastran models and reduced dynamic models in MATLAB in order to highlight relevant nonlinear behaviors. Then, proper experimental tests are developed in order to look for the nonlinear phenomena identified: presence of superharmonics in the dynamic response and nonlinear behavior of the lower frequency of vibration, computed using the CWT (continuous wavelet transform). The proposed approach exhibits the possibility to detect and localize contact-type damages present in a realistic assembled structure.

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35

Shen, Chia-Hsuan, Jie Wen, Pirapat Arunyanart, and Fred K. Choy. "Vibration Signature Analysis and Parameter Extractions on Damages in Gears and Rolling Element Bearings." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (September 6, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/402928.

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This paper is to analyze and identify damage in gear teeth and rolling element bearings by establishing pattern feature parameters from vibration signatures. In the present work, different damage scenarios involving different combinations of gear tooth damage, bearing damage are considered. Each of the damage scenarios are studied and compared in the time domain, the frequency domain, and the joint time-frequency domain using the FM0 technique, the Fourier Transform, the Wigner-Ville Transform, and the Continuous Wavelet Transform, respectively. Results obtained from the three different signal domains are analyzed to develop indicative parameters and visual presentations that measure the integrity and wellness of the bearing and gear components. The joint time-frequency domain obtained from the continuous wavelet transform has shown to be a superior technique for providing clear visual examination solution for different types of component damages as well as for feature extractions used for computer-based machine health monitoring solution.

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36

Zhang, Yunkai, Qingli Xie, Guohua Li, and Yali Liu. "Multi-Damage Identification of Multi-Span Bridges Based on Influence Lines." Coatings 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080905.

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The framework security of a bridge is essential as a critical component of traffic engineering. Even though the bridge structure is damaged to various degrees due to various reasons, the bridge will be wrecked when the damage reaches a particular level, suggesting a negative influence on people’s lives. Based on the current situation and existing problems of structural damage identification of bridges, a structural damage identification technology of continuous beam bridges based on deflection influence lines is proposed in this paper in order to keep track of and always detect broken bridge elements, thereby extending the bridge’s service life and reducing the risk of catastrophic accidents. The line function expression of deflection impact on a multi-span continuous beam bridge was first obtained using Graphic Multiplication theory. From the theoretical level, the influence line function of the continuous beam bridge without extensive damage was computed, and a graph was generated. The photographs of the DIL as well as the first and second derivatives, the deflection influence line distinction and its first and second derivatives, and the DIL distinction and its first and second derivatives of a continuous beam bridge in a single position and multi-position destruction were fitted in this paper. Finally, after comparing multiple work conditions and multiple measuring points, it was found that the first derivative of deflection influence line difference had the best damage identification effect. The design was completed and tested, which had verified the feasibility of this theory.

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37

Kuhar, Thomas P., Roger R. Youngman, and Curtis A. Laub. "Risk of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Damage to Continuous Corn in Virginia." Journal of Entomological Science 32, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-32.3.281.

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Information on the risk of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, damage to continuously-grown corn previously was lacking in Virginia, as well as other mid-Atlantic states. A field study was conducted in 1993 and 1994 comparing root damage, whole-plant yields, and silage quality in insecticide-treated and untreated sections of 32 continuous corn fields in Virginia. Approximately 28% of the fields had serious root damage exceeding a rating of 3.5 (1–6 scale) in sections not treated with a soil insecticide. Also, 19% of the fields had an economic loss in whole-plant yield due to corn rootworm feeding damage. Silage quality, as evidenced by percent crude protein and acid detergent fiber, was not significantly affected by corn rootworm feeding. Because much of the continuous corn acreage in Virginia is treated preventively with soil insecticides for corn rootworms, the results of this study suggest that a large percentage of this insecticide use is unnecessary.

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Guan, De Qing, Xiao Lin Zhong, and Hong Wei Ying. "Damage Identification of Arch Bridge Based on Curvature Mode Wavelet Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1176.

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Based on the curvature modal damage identification of wavelet analysis principle, the finite element method was applied to analyze the vibration characteristics of the damaged deck arch bridge. Take Haar wavelet as the mother wavelet, through the continuous wavelet transform of curvature mode and then identified the damaged position by the maximum of wavelet coefficients. analyze the damage identification problem under three different damaged conditions (condition 1: only the arch 1 contained one damaged location; condition 2: the arch 1 and the arch 2 contained one damaged location respectively; condition 3: the arch 1 contained two damaged locations and the arch 2 contained one damaged location).This paper provided a valuable reference of damage identification and diagnosis for arch bridge.

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Pan, Y. W., and B. H. Wen. "Constitutive model for the continuous damage of brittle rock." Géotechnique 51, no. 2 (March 2001): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.2.155.

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40

Shao, Jian Fu, and J. W. Rudnicki. "A Microcrack Based Continuous Damage Model for Brittle Geomaterials." Key Engineering Materials 177-180 (April 2000): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.177-180.103.

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41

Drumm, E. C., R. M. Bennett, G. Lin, D. B. Raaf, and D. Daugherty. "Continuous Lift Piers: Damage Repair and Response During Subsidence." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1994, no. 4 (1994): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr94040314.

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42

Pourbakht, Akram, and Tatsuya Yamasoba. "Cochlear damage caused by continuous and intermittent noise exposure." Hearing Research 178, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(03)00039-x.

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43

Shao, J. F., and J. W. Rudnicki. "A microcrack-based continuous damage model for brittle geomaterials." Mechanics of Materials 32, no. 10 (October 2000): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6636(00)00024-7.

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Servoli, Leonello, Fabrizio Bizzarri, and Daniele Passeri. "Continuous measurement of radiation damage of standard CMOS imagers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 658, no. 1 (December 2011): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.04.059.

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Huang, Yi, D. Meyer, and S. Nemat-Nasser. "Damage detection with spatially distributed 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform." Mechanics of Materials 41, no. 10 (October 2009): 1096–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.05.006.

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46

Nagode, Marko. "Continuous damage parameter calculation under thermo-mechanical random loading." MethodsX 1 (2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2014.07.004.

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Makkar, Jeetinder Kaur, and Narinder pal Singh. "Damage to high-pressure tubing by continuous propofol infusion." Pediatric Anesthesia 17, no. 7 (July 2007): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2007.02202.x.

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Paas, M. H. J. W., C. W. J. Oomens, P. J. G. Schreurs, and J. D. Janssen. "The mechanical behaviour of continuous media with stochastic damage." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 36, no. 2 (January 1990): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(90)90006-3.

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Lang, Christoph J. G. "Continuous figure recognition in dementia and unilateral cerebral damage." Neuropsychologia 27, no. 5 (January 1989): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(89)90108-5.

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Shan, Deshan, Chunyu Fu, and Qiao Li. "Experimental investigation of damage identification for continuous railway bridges." Journal of Modern Transportation 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03325770.

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