Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous CRF'
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Chen, Shun-Ping, Zhen Zhong, and Dong-Pei Tu. "Subtypes of the Completely Reversed Flow Waveform in Vertebral Artery Can Help to Differentiate Subclavian Artery Occlusion from Severe Stenosis." Diagnostics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010146.
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Objectives: To investigate the value of subtypes of completely reversed flow (CRF) waveform in vertebral artery (VA) on Doppler ultrasound in differentiation occlusion from severe stenosis of the ipsilateral proximal subclavian artery (SA). Methods: A total of 357 patients with CRF in the VA on Doppler US were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 49 patients (mean age, 68.2 ± 7.8 years) confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included. According to the status of diastolic flow, the CRF was divided into continuous CRF (CCRF, n = 27) and intermittent CRF (ICRF, n = 22). The correlation of subtypes of CRF waveform and VA parameters with the severity of SA stenosis was evaluated. The severity of SA stenosis was determined by DSA. Results: Of those 49 patients, SA occlusion was observed in 33 patients (67%, occlusion group) and severe stenosis in 16 patients (33%, stenosis group). The subtypes of CRF waveforms showed a significant between-group difference (p = 0.005). CCRF exhibited an accuracy of 85.2% (23/27) in diagnosing SA occlusion. The diameter of the target VA with ICRF showed a significant between-group difference (p = 0.041). The target VA diameter ≥ 3.8 mm in ICRF achieved an accuracy of 81.8% (18/22), and its combination with CCRF achieved an accuracy of 83.7% (41/49) in the differentiation of SA occlusion from severe stenosis. Conclusions: Subtypes of CRF in VA can help to differentiate SA occlusion from severe stenosis. CCRF has higher accuracy in diagnosing SA occlusion. The CCRF waveform plus VA diameter in ICRF is more accurate for differentiating SA occlusion from severe stenosis.
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Schopohl, J., A. Hauer, T. Kaliebe, G. K. Stalla, K. von Werder, and O. A. Müller. "Repetitive and continuous administration of human corticotropin releasing factor to human subjects." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 2 (June 1986): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120157.
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Abstract. ACTH secretion was studied in response to repetitive and continuous administration of human corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in 14 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. ACTH increases during repetitive CRF administration were within the same range in normal subjects independent of the intervals (60– 180 min) between the CRF pulses (100 μg iv). When CRF was infused continuously (100 μg/h for 3 h) after an initial CRF bolus injection (100 μg iv), ACTH and cortisol remained elevated during the infusion at a nearly constant level (ACTH: 60 ± 5 pg/ml; cortisol: 21.2 ± 1 μg/dl; x̄ ± se). A second CRF bolus injection at the end of the infusion did not lead to a significant further increase of ACTH and cortisol levels. This shows that there is no desensitisation or depletion of a ready releasable pool, as it is observed with other pituitary hormones after releasing hormone stimulation. Pulsatile administration of CRF in 2 patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency due to previous cortisol or glucocorticoid excess, respectively, revealed a blunted response to the first pulse which became normal after the following pulses. The latter could not be sustained until the next morning without CRF given overnight. These findings point to a hypothalamic defect being the cause of hypocortisolism after long-term cortisol suppression.
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Normand, Maurice, and Josée Lalonde. "Adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-043.
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The time course of plasma corticosterone was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked following rapid i.v. injections of doses ranging from 0.003 to 10 μg corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) per rat and during i.v. infusions at rates ranging from 0.001 to 20 μg CRF∙min−1∙100 g body weight−1. The range of the dose–response curve, following rapid injection, extends from 0.01 to 0.37 μg CRF, whereas it extends over a 20 000-fold range from 0.001 to 20 ng CRF∙min−1∙100 g body weight−1 during a continuous infusion. The delayed response to a small rate of CRF could be ascribed to a relatively long time of residence of CRF in the plasma which implies that a relatively long period of time is required until a minimal plasma CRF concentration is reached after the onset of a continuous infusion of CRF at a small rate. When presented with a prolonged infusion of CRF at a large rate, the pituitary secretion of ACTH is rapidly turned on at a rate which exhibits the characteristics of a prolonged secretion at a constant large magnitude.
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Maginador, Guilherme, Manoel E. Lixandrão, Henrique I. Bortolozo, Felipe C. Vechin, Luís O. Sarian, Sophie Derchain, Guilherme D. Telles, Eva Zopf, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, and Miguel S. Conceição. "Aerobic Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082240.
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While performing aerobic exercise during chemotherapy has been proven feasible and safe, the efficacy of aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy has not yet been systematically assessed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine (a) the efficacy of aerobic training to improve CRF; (b) the role of aerobic training intensity (moderate or vigorous) on CRF response; (c) the effect of the aerobic training mode (continuous or interval) on changes in CRF in women with breast cancer (BC) receiving chemotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted as per PRISMA guidelines, and randomized controlled trials comparing usual care (UC) and aerobic training in women with BC undergoing chemotherapy were eligible. The results suggest that increases in CRF are favored by (a) aerobic training when compared to usual care; (b) vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (64–90% of maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) when compared to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (46–63% of VO2max); and (c) both continuous and interval aerobic training are effective at increasing the VO2max. Aerobic training improves CRF in women with BC undergoing chemotherapy. Notably, training intensity significantly impacts the VO2max response. Where appropriate, vigorous intensity aerobic training should be considered for women with BC receiving chemotherapy.
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Singhal, Neha, and Anupa Siddhu. "Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Indian Men." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 2 (February 2014): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0029.
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Background:The relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not clearly understood in Indian men. It is important to elucidate whether the duration or intensity of LTPA is responsible for increasing CRF. This will help in designing better physical activity intervention strategies for improving CRF in Indian men.Methods:Healthy nondiabetic urban Indian men with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected (n = 603; aged 22–64 years) and their energy intake and physical activity was determined using a questionnaire. Body fat (percent) was determined by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis while CRF was measured on multistage, continuous treadmill test using Bruce protocol.Results:Intensity of physical activity (METs) emerged as the best independent predictor of CRF (β = 0.217; P < .001). Using univariate General Linear Model, it was found that CRF is more a function of LTPA intensity than LTPA duration, since LTPA duration was not related to CRF when controlled for LTPA intensity. However, LTPA intensity remained significantly associated with CRF even after adjustment for LTPA duration.Conclusion:LTPA of preferably higher intensity should be incorporated in the lifestyle to improve CRF and prevent CHD in Indian men.
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Cao, Meng, Minghui Quan, and Jie Zhuang. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091533.
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Enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can lead to substantial health benefits. Comparisons between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF for children and adolescents are inconsistent and inconclusive. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the effects between HIIT and MICT on CRF in children and adolescents. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to determine the pooled effect size of HIIT and MICT on CRF. A total of 563 subjects from 17 studies (18 effects) were identified. The pooled effect size was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.33–0.69) comparing HIIT to MICT. Moreover, intervention duration, exercise modality, work and rest ratio, and total bouts did not significantly modify the effect of HIIT on CRF. It is concluded that compared with endurance training, HIIT has greater improvements on cardiorespiratory fitness among children and adolescents.
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Carson, Luther C., and Monica Ozores-Hampton. "Factors Affecting Nutrient Availability, Placement, Rate, and Application Timing of Controlled-release Fertilizers for Florida Vegetable Production Using Seepage Irrigation." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.553.
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This publication summarizes the factors influencing controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) nutrient release, CRF placement, CRF rate, and CRF application timing for the two major seepage-irrigated vegetable production systems (plasticulture and open-bed) in Florida. One of several best management practices for vegetable production, CRF helps growers achieve total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) established in Florida under the Federal Clean Water Act. Several factors intrinsic to CRF and to the vegetable production systems affect CRF nutrient release, making implementation of CRF fertility programs challenging. Increasing or decreasing soil temperature increases or decreases nutrient release from CRF. Soil moisture required for uninhibited plant growth is within the soil moisture range for optimum CRF nutrient release. CRF substrate affects nutrient release rate, which is inversely related to coating thickness and granule size. Soil microbes, soil texture, and soil pH do not influence nutrient release rate. Field placement of CRFs in seepage-irrigated, plasticulture, and open-bed production should be in the bottom mix at bed formation and soil incorporated or banded at planting, respectively. In plasticulture production systems, soil fumigation and delayed planting for continuous harvest may add a 14- to 21-day lag period between fertilization and planting, which along with different season lengths will influence CRF release length selected by growers. Using a hybrid fertilizer system in plasticulture production or incorporating CRF at planting in open-bed production allows for up to a 25% reduction in the nitrogen (N) rate needed.
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Nagai, Tsukasa, Manabu Kuriyama, and Yukimichi Kawada. "Oxidative Metabolism of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700212.
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Objective To evaluate the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients compared with those of hemodialysis (HD) patients, chronic renal failure (CRF) patients not yet on dialysis, and healthy controls; and to discover factors contributing to the oxidative function in CAPD patients. Patients Thirty-five CAPD, 22 HD, 11 CRF patients were assessed; all were free from infections at the time of examination. Thirty-one healthy volunteers served as controls. Methods The oxidative metabolism was estimated by the production of superoxide anion, which was detected by luminol-dependent zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) with whole blood assessment. The volume of superoxide production equivalent to 1 mL of circulating blood (T-CL), that equivalent to 104 neutrophils (CL/N) and the velocity of superoxide production (V-CL), were measured as parameters for the oxidative function of PMNL. Results There were no differences in all CL parameters between CAPD and HD patients. T -CL and CL/N of dialysis patients were equal to controls but those of CRF patients were significantly decreased. V-CL of dialysis patients, as well as CRF patients, was smaller than that of controls but the difference was not significant. Among nutritional status, degree of anemia, dialytic efficacy and duration of dialysis in CAPD patients, only serum albumin concentration (Alb) correlated well to all CL parameters. Hypoalbuminemic patients(Alb <3.6 gldL, n=20) had significantly decreased T -CL and CL/N compared to normoalbuminemic patients(Alb ?: 3.6 g/dL, n=15), and decreased CL/N and V-CL compared to controls. No differences in CL parameters were observed between the patients with a history of peritonitis (n=15) and without a history of peritonitis (n=20). Conclusions Oxidative metabolism of PMNL in CAPD patients was maintained with respect to superoxide productive volume, while the oxidative velocity was relatively impaired. Furthermore, it seems that albumin has a great influence on the oxidative metabolism of PMNL in CAPD patients.
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Ghaydaa A., Ghaydaa A. "Effects of Pulsed Versus Conventional Versus Combined Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Study." september 2017 6, no. 20;6 (August 11, 2017): E873—E881. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.20.5.e873.
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Background: During radiofrequency bursts of energy are applied to nervous tissue. The clinical advantages of this treatment remain unclear. Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and pain relief for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after continuous radiofrequency (CRF), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), and combined continuous and pulsed radiofrequency (CCPRF) treatment of the Gasserian ganglion (GG). Study Design: We conducted a randomized prospective study. Forty-three patients were included. Eleven patients were treated with PRF at 42°C for 10 minutes (PRF group), 12 patients received CRF for 270 seconds at 75 °C (CRF group), and 20 patients received PRF for 10 minutes at 42°C followed by CRF for at 60°C for 270 seconds (CCPRF group). Setting: Assuit University Hospital, Pain and Neurology outpatient clinics. Methods: Patients were assessed for pain, satisfaction, and consumption of analgesics at baseline and 7 days, one month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after the procedure. The incidence of complications, anesthesia dolorosa, weakness of muscles of mastication, numbness, and technical complications, was evaluated after the procedure. Results: Excellent pain relief was achieved after 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively in 95%, 85%, and 70% of patients with CCPRF; 75%, 75%, and reduced to 50% among patients with CRF; and 82%, reduced to 9.1%, and 0% of patients with PRF. No complications were recorded in 75% of patients in the CCPRF and PRF groups. There was one case of anesthesia dolorosa, 4 cases of masseter muscle weakness, and 5 cases of severe numbness recorded in the CRF group. Limitation: There was a small number of patients in each group. Conclusion: The best results were observed in the CCPRF group, followed by the CRF group, and then the PRF group.
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Farrell, Stephen W., Aidin R. Abramowitz, Benjamin L. Willis, Carolyn E. Barlow, Myron Weiner, Jed Falkowski, David Leonard, Andjelka Pavlovic, and Laura F. DeFina. "The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores in Older Adults." Gerontology 64, no. 5 (2018): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489336.
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Background: Relatively little is known regarding the association between objective measures of physical function such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive function tests in healthy older adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CRF and cognitive function in adults aged 55 and older. Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, 4,931 men and women underwent a comprehensive preventive physical exam at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. CRF was determined by duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In a multivariate model, adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for MoCA scores < 26 (i.e., cognitive impairment) were determined by using CRF as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Results: The mean age of the sample was 61.0 ± 6.0 years; mean maximal MET values were 10.0 ± 2.2. Mean MoCA scores were 26.9 ± 2.2; 23.4% of the sample had MoCA scores indicative of cognitive impairment. The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 0.93 (0.88–0.97) per 1-MET increment in CRF. When examined as a categorical variable, and using the lowest CRF quintile as the referent, there was a significantly reduced likelihood for cognitive impairment across the remaining ordered CRF categories (p trend = 0.004). Conclusion: The association between CRF and MoCA score in older adults suggests that meeting or exceeding public health guidelines for physical activity is likely to increase CRF in low fit individuals, maintain CRF in those with a moderate to high level of CRF, and thereby help to maintain cognitive function in healthy older adults.
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Zhou, Guangyu. "Combination of Pulsed Radiofrequency with Continuous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation at Low Temperature Improves Efficacy and Safety in V2/V3 Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (September 15, 2018): E545—E553. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.5.e545.
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Background: Primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common clinical refractory neuralgia. Severe pain is experienced during episodes, severely impacting the patient’s quality of life. Long-term suffering from the disease can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. The pathological processes involved in TN are complex, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are unknown, and effective treatment is lacking. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)- guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with low-temperature continuous radiofrequency (CRF) thermocoagulation in V2/V3 primary trigeminal neuralgia. Study Design: This research used a retrospective comparative study design. Setting: The research took place at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Methods: A total of 80 hospitalized patients with TN were selected between January 2014 and December 2015 and randomly assigned to 2 groups differentiated by therapeutic method: CRF (CRF group, n = 40) and PRF + CRF (PCRF group, n = 40). Radiofrequency therapy was performed under the guidance of CT. Follow-up measures assessed preoperative conditions, pain remission, complications and side effects, recovery time, and recurrence rate over the 2 years following the surgery. Results: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores decreased in both groups after surgery. After one month, the decrease in the VAS score in the PCRF group was more apparent, and this difference was maintained for 2 years. The total efficiency rates in the CRF and PCRF groups were 85% and 97.5%, respectively, at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-surgery. The differences in total efficiency rate of pain between the 2 groups at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were statistically significant. Recovery times in the PCRF group were shorter than those in the CRF group. Specifically, recovery times for facial numbness in the CRF and PCRF groups were 3.12 ± 1.21 months and 2.23 ± 1.02 months, respectively. Recovery times for masticatory muscle weakness were 4.33 ± 1.54 months and 3.42 ± 0.98 months, respectively. Limitations: This study is limited by being a retrospective study, and by having a relatively small sample size from a single center. Conclusions: CT-guided PRF combined with low-temperature CRF thermocoagulation for treating V2/V3 primary TN effectively relieves pain, increases late-stage pain remission rate, reduces complications, and reduces the rate of recurrence. Key words: Complication, continuous radiofrequency thermocoagulation, pulsed radiofrequency, recurrence rate, trigeminal neuralgia, Visual Analog Scale
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Sheward, W. J., and G. Fink. "Effects of corticosterone on the secretion of corticotrophin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin into hypophysial portal blood in long-term hypophysectomized rats." Journal of Endocrinology 129, no. 1 (April 1991): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1290091.
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ABSTRACT To investigate the feedback effects of corticosterone on the secretion of corticotrophin-releasing factor-41 (CRF-41), oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP), hypophysial portal vessel blood was collected from control (intact) and long-term (6–8 weeks) hypophysectomized rats. In preliminary experiments in rats anaesthetized with urethane, long-term hypophysectomy resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of oxytocin and AVP; the hypothalamic contents of oxytocin and AVP were also increased in comparison with pituitary-intact rats. In long-term hypophysectomized rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone, but not with urethane, the output of CRF-41 into portal blood was increased twofold in comparison with that in control rats. In long-term hypophysectomized rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, the i.v. infusion of corticosterone (7·2 nmol/min) for a 2 h period of portal blood collection did not alter the secretion of CRF-41, oxytocin or AVP into portal blood; however, the secretion of CRF-41 and, to a lesser extent, AVP was significantly reduced in hypophysectomized rats by continuous corticosterone replacement, by a pellet of corticosterone implanted s.c. for 5 days before portal blood collection. These results confirm that the secretion of CRF-41 is differently affected by the anaesthetics urethane and pentobarbitone, and in long-term hypophysectomized rats show (i) that there were no apparent feedback effects of corticosterone infusion over a 2 h period on the secretion of any of the peptides studied, (ii) that late delayed feedback effects of continuous administration of corticosterone are mediated by a reduction in CRF-41 and AVP output, and (iii) that corticosterone has no effects on oxytocin secretion into portal blood. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 91–98
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Carr, Janet. "Continuous Reinforcement to Facilitate Extinction to Counter Exhaustion." Behavioural Psychotherapy 16, no. 1 (January 1988): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014134730000851x.
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A problem behaviour which had been maintained on a variable reinforcement schedule was first put onto a continuous schedule and subsequently treated by extinction. The rapid response to extinction was judged to have been due to the prior move to a CRF schedule. Reasons for the emergence and maintenance of problem behaviours in certain situations are discussed.
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JOHANSSON, Mats, Sinsia A. GAO, Peter FRIBERG, Marita ANNERSTEDT, Göran BERGSTRÖM, Jan CARLSTRÖM, Ted IVARSSON, et al. "Elevated temporal QT variability index in patients with chronic renal failure." Clinical Science 107, no. 6 (November 24, 2004): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20040122.
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Patients with CRF (chronic renal failure) are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, and 60% of cardiovascular mortality in CRF is attributed to sudden death. Various abnormalities in myocardial repolarization are associated with the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to evaluate an index of temporal myocardial repolarization lability, the temporal QTVI (QT variability index), in patients with CRF. ECGs were recorded in 153 patients with CRF on haemodialysis (n=67), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n=43) or conservative treatment (n=43) during 30 min of rest. QTVI was calculated as the logarithm of the ratio between the variances of the normalized QT and RR intervals. Age-matched healthy subjects (n=39) were examined for comparison. QTVI was increased by 47% in CRF patients compared with healthy subjects (−0.82±0.56 compared with −1.54±0.27 respectively; P<0.01). QTVI did not differ among patients on dialysis or conservative treatment, whereas QTVI was elevated further in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetic CRF patients (−0.56±0.54 compared with −0.94±0.52 respectively; P<0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, diabetes and a history of coronary artery disease were the only independent predictors of QTVI in the CRF population. The present study demonstrates that elevated QTVI in patients with CRF is associated with diabetes and coronary disease. The present findings are important given that repolarization instability may predispose to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, events that occur frequently in CRF patients.
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Martin-Smith, Rhona, Ashley Cox, Duncan S. Buchan, Julien S. Baker, Fergal Grace, and Nicholas Sculthorpe. "High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082955.
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Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. HIIT is proven to produce equal or greater improvements in CRF when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adolescents. Methods: The studies included were considered eligible if: (1) Participants were adolescents (11–18 years old); (2) Examined changes in CRF measured either directly or indirectly; (3) Included a non-exercising control group or MICE comparison group; (4) Participants were matched at enrolment; (5) Reported HIIT protocol information; (6) Provided HIIT intensity. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on CRF. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements. Results: HIIT displays a moderate effect to improve CRF (g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.518–1.106, p < 0.001). Neither study duration (weeks), nor total or weekly accumulated HIIT volume (min) displayed any significant moderation effect on pooled improvement on CRF (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HIIT is an effective method to improve CRF in adolescents, irrespective of body composition. Notably, meta regression analysis identified that prolonged high volume HIIT programs are similarly effective to short term low volume HIIT programs. This becomes of particular interest for those involved in school curricula, where short HIIT exercise may provide a pragmatic adjunct to the health benefits of Physical Education (PE) lessons.
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Reuter, Cézane Priscila, Caroline Brand, João Francisco de Castro Silveira, Letícia de Borba Schneiders, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Letícia Borfe, and Ryan Donald Burns. "Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Between Fitness, Fatness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Children and Adolescents: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study." Pediatric Exercise Science 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2020-0197.
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Purpose: To verify the reciprocal longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), percentage body fat (%body fat), and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian primary school students. Method: This longitudinal study involved 420 children and adolescents followed for 3 years (2011–2014). The continuous Metabolic Syndrome (cMetSyn) score was calculated by summing adjusted z scores of glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and waist circumference. The CRF was assessed using running/walking tests, and %body fat was assessed through sex-specific 2-site skinfold thickness. Cross-lagged panel models were used to analyze longitudinal reciprocal relationships between CRF and %body fat with cMetSyn. Results: Results indicated that 2011 %body fat significantly predicted both 2014 CRF scores and 2014 cMetSyn scores (P < .001); however, 2011 CRF only predicted 2014 %body fat (P < .001) but not 2014 cMetSyn (P = .103). Furthermore, 2011 cMetSyn predicted 2014 %body fat (P = .002). The model explained 36%, 48%, and 37% of the variance in 2014 CRF, %body fat, and cMetSyn, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest a reciprocal inverse relationship between %body fat and metabolic syndrome risk and that %body fat may play a more important role in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared with CRF.
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Tang, Buzhou, Jianglu Hu, Xiaolong Wang, and Qingcai Chen. "Recognizing Continuous and Discontinuous Adverse Drug Reaction Mentions from Social Media Using LSTM-CRF." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2379208.
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Social media in medicine, where patients can express their personal treatment experiences by personal computers and mobile devices, usually contains plenty of useful medical information, such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs); mining this useful medical information from social media has attracted more and more attention from researchers. In this study, we propose a deep neural network (called LSTM-CRF) combining long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks (a type of recurrent neural networks) and conditional random fields (CRFs) to recognize ADR mentions from social media in medicine and investigate the effects of three factors on ADR mention recognition. The three factors are as follows: (1) representation for continuous and discontinuous ADR mentions: two novel representations, that is, “BIOHD” and “Multilabel,” are compared; (2) subject of posts: each post has a subject (i.e., drug here); and (3) external knowledge bases. Experiments conducted on a benchmark corpus, that is, CADEC, show that LSTM-CRF achieves better F-score than CRF; “Multilabel” is better in representing continuous and discontinuous ADR mentions than “BIOHD”; both subjects of comments and external knowledge bases are individually beneficial to ADR mention recognition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to investigate deep neural networks to mine continuous and discontinuous ADRs from social media.
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Tierney, Kevin J., and Howard V. Smith. "The Effect of Different Combinations of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement Schedules on Response Persistence in Mentally Handicapped Children." Behavioural Psychotherapy 16, no. 1 (January 1988): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300008478.
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Two experiments investigated the effects on persistence of behaviour in extinction of different training procedures, using mentally handicapped boys who were trained to place objects of different shapes into matching holes in a box for sensory reinforcers. In Experiment 1 two subjects were given three training procedures: (i) a C-C procedure, consisting of 80 trials of continuous reinforcement (CRF); (ii)a P-P procedure, consisting of 80 trials of variable ratio reinforcement (VR5); and (iii) a C-P procedure, consisting of 40 trials on CRF followed by 40 on VR5. Extinction occurred most quickly after C-C training, next quickest after P-P training. In experiment 2 with four boys, C-P training of 160 trials of CRF, followed by 120 trials of VR5, produced quicker extinction than P-P training of 280 trials of VR5 reinforcement. The implications of these results for training persistent behaviour in mentally handicapped people are discussed.
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Liu, Xiaoli, Xin Liu, Jing Cai, Zhijie Xun, Qian Song, Ruixia Wang, Guiying Li, and Zhongxin Xu. "Serum Cystatin, Chemokine, and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Precursors and Their Clinical Value in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure." BioMed Research International 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1775190.
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Objective. To investigate the serum cystatin (CysC), Chemerin, and gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP) levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods. CRF patients admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to July 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 50 healthy patients were selected as the control group. The serum levels of CysC, Chemerin, ProGRP, and Scr of all subjects were detected. Patients with CRF were admitted for peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment for 1 week, and continued treatment was performed. The survival rate of patients with CRF in nearly 1 year after continuous treatment was observed. Multivariate analysis of factors affecting survival time of CRF patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis was performed. The results were compared with those in the health group. The expression levels of CysC, Chemerin, ProGRP, and Scr in the observation group were all decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Scr expression in CRF patients is positively correlated with CysC, Chemerin, and ProGRP ( P < 0.001 ). The survival rate of 98 patients with CRF was 80.61% (79/98), and the mortality rate was 19.39% (19/98). Serum levels of CysC, Chemerin, ProGRP, and Scr in the death group are all higher than those in the survival group, and the differences are statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). CysC, Chemerin, ProGRP, and Scr are independent risk factors affecting survival time ( P < 0.05 ). The AUC aspects of serum CysC, Chemerin, ProGRP, and Scr in predicting the survival rate of CRF patients in the treatment phase are 0.840, 0.775, 0.782, and 0.725, respectively. Conclusion. The serum levels of CysC, Chemerin, and ProGRP of CRF patients are abnormally elevated and are positively correlated with serum Scr of patients, which can be used as a reliable indicator of pathogenesis and prognosis assessment of CRF patients.
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Million, M., L. Wang, M. P. Stenzel-Poore, S. C. Coste, P. Q. Yuan, C. Lamy, J. Rivier, T. Buffington, and Y. Taché. "Enhanced pelvic responses to stressors in female CRF-overexpressing mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 4 (April 2007): R1429—R1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00626.2006.
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Acute stress affects gut functions through the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors. The impact of acute stress on pelvic viscera in the context of chronic stress is not well characterized. We investigated the colonic, urinary, and locomotor responses monitored as fecal pellet output (FPO), urine voiding, and ambulatory activity, respectively, in female and male CRF-overexpressing (CRF-OE) mice, a chronic stress model, and their wild-type littermates (WTL). Female CRF-OE mice, compared with WTL, had enhanced FPO to 2-min handling (150%) and 60-min novel environment (155%) but displayed a similar response to a 60-min partial restraint stress. Female CRF-OE mice, compared with WTL, also had a significantly increased number of urine spots (7.3 ± 1.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.8 spots/h) and lower locomotor activity (246.8 ± 47.8 vs. 388.2 ± 31.9 entries/h) to a novel environment. Male CRF-OE mice and WTL both responded to a novel environment but failed to show differences between them in colonic and locomotor responses. Male WTL, compared with female WTL, had higher FPO (113%). In female CRF-OE mice, the CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin B and the selective CRF2 receptor agonist mouse urocortin 2 (injected peripherally) prevented the enhanced defecation without affecting urine or locomotor responses to novel environment. RT-PCR showed that CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are expressed in the mouse colonic tissues. The data show that chronic stress, due to continuous central CRF overdrive, renders female CRF-OE mice to have enhanced pelvic and altered behavioral responses to superimposed mild stressors and that CRF1-initiated colonic response is counteracted by selective activation of CRF2 receptor.
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Lustigman, S., A. A. Mahmoud, and J. Hamburger. "Glycopeptides in soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma mansoni: isolation, characterization, and elucidation of their immunochemical and immunopathological relation to the major egg glycoprotein (MEG)." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.3.1961.
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Abstract The major egg glycoprotein (MEG) of Schistosoma mansoni was purified by ion-exchange chromatography of glycoprotein fraction obtained from soluble egg antigen (SEA) by lectin affinity chromatography. Small carbohydrate-rich fragments (CRF) contained in the glycoprotein fraction of SEA were isolated by ultrafiltration followed by dialysis (10 to 13 kd). Comparison of MEG and CRF yielded the following results: purified MEG (70 kd) contains about 77% carbohydrate, and CRF contains 92.5% carbohydrate. When radioiodinated and run by SDS-PAGE, each yielded a single band with respective Rf values of around 0.33 and 1.0 CRF is capable of inhibiting, in a Farr-type RIA, the binding of 125I-MEG to serum from chronically infected mice. Furthermore, CRF and MEG exhibit a single and continuous line of radioimmunodiffusion. CRF, unlike SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or purified MEG, is incapable of eliciting delayed footpad swelling in egg-sensitized mice or of inducing granulomatous hypersensitivity, when given at amounts equivalent to or higher than MEG by protein or carbohydrate content. Thus, whereas SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or MEG elicited in a representative test net swelling of 0.28 mm, 0.34 mm, and 0.29 mm, respectively, CRF gave net swellings of 0.06 mm, similar to the control value (0.07 mm) in unsensitized mice. Also, mice sensitized to viable eggs, SEA, or purified MEG exhibited, after i.v. challenge with viable eggs, a mean area of granulomas in the lungs of 12,389 micron2, 16,412 micron2, and 12,354 micron2, respectively, as compared with 7940 micron2 in CRF-sensitized mice and 8428 micron2 in unsensitized control mice. Thus, CRF appears to contain fragments of MEG that are serologically active but immunopathologically inactive at the concentrations used.
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Duarsa, Gede Wirya Kusuma, Oka Udrayana, Yeni Kandarini, Raka Widiana, and Marleen. "Factors that influence peritonitis events on patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 3, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36444/nsmc.v3i3.105.
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Background. To determine risk factors that influence peritonitis event on patients with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in Sanglah Hospital, thus, we can prevent the occurrence of peritonitis in CRF patients with CAPD.
Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study, which was conducted at the Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar from August to September 2016. All data are processed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows, data analysis by using the Kaplan Meier (K-M) curves, hypothesis using the log-rank test, while for the survival is by using the median or mean survival. The significance is determined by the value of p < 0.05 with 95% CI.
Results. A total of 78 people (46 men and 32 women) who meet the inclusion criteria of this study. Thirteen people (16.7%) are experiencing peritonitis. K-M Survival Curves between in CRF patients with CAPD, with Age ≥ 50 years (51.36 months survival rates, 95% CI 44.79 until 57.93) with < 50 years (56.1 months Survival rates, 95% CI 51.41 until 60.78) with RR 2.54 log-rank p 0.084. K-M Survival Curves between in CRF patients with CAPD, with DM (mean 52.63 months survival rates, 95% CI 47.21 until 58.06) with No DM (56.88 months survival rates, 95% CI 52.89 until 60.88) with RR 4.16 and 0.037 log-rank p.
Conclusion. There is a correlation between DM and the incidence of peritonitis in CRF patients with CAPD at Sanglah Hospital. However, age and education level are not related.
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Zhou, Lei, Xiangyong Kong, Chen Gong, Fan Zhang, and Xiaoguo Zhang. "FC-RCCN: Fully convolutional residual continuous CRF network for semantic segmentation." Pattern Recognition Letters 130 (February 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.08.030.
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Andersen, Lars Bo, Jeppe Bo Lauersen, Jan Christian Brønd, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Luis B. Sardinha, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Robert G. McMurray, et al. "A New Approach to Define and Diagnose Cardiometabolic Disorder in Children." Journal of Diabetes Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/539835.
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The aim of the study was to test the performance of a new definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which better describes metabolic dysfunction in children.Methods. 15,794 youths aged 6–18 years participated. Meanz-score for CVD risk factors was calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate which parameters best described the metabolic dysfunction by analysing the score against independent variables not included in the score.Results. More youth had clustering of CVD risk factors (>6.2%) compared to the number selected by existing MetS definitions (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) < 1%). Waist circumference and BMI were interchangeable, but using insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) instead of fasting glucose increased the score. The continuous MetS score was increased when cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and leptin were included. A meanz-score of 0.40–0.85 indicated borderline and above 0.85 indicated clustering of risk factors. A noninvasive risk score based on adiposity and CRF showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 and an area under the curve of 0.92 against IDF definition of MetS.Conclusions. Diagnosis for MetS in youth can be improved by using continuous variables for risk factors and by including CRF and leptin.
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Ciolac, Emmanuel G., Edimar A. Bocchi, Julia MD Greve, and Guilherme V. Guimarães. "Heart rate response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women at high familial risk for hypertension: effects of interval vs continuous training." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 18, no. 6 (February 28, 2011): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741826711398426.
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Exercise training is an effective intervention for treating and preventing hypertension, but its effects on heart rate (HR) response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of non-hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) has not been studied. We compared the effects of three times per week equal-volume high-intensity aerobic interval (AIT) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on HR response to exercise and CRF of FH+. Forty-four young FH+ women (25.0 ± 4.4 years) randomized to control (CON; n = 12), AIT (80–90% of VO2MAX; n = 16), or CME (50–60% of VO2MAX; n = 16) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) before and after 16 weeks of follow-up to evaluate HR response to exercise and several parameters of CRF. Resting, maximal, and reserve HR did not change after the follow-up in all groups. HR recovery (difference between HRMAX and HR at 1 minute of GXT recovery phase) improved only after AIT (11.8 ± 4.9 vs. 20.6 ± 5.8 bpm, p < 0.01). Both exercise programmes were effective for improving CRF parameters, but AIT was more effective than CME for improving oxygen consumption at the respiratory compensation point (VO2RCP; 22.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.008) and maximal effort (VO2MAX; 15.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.036), as well as tolerance time (TT) to reach anaerobic threshold (TTAT; 62.0 vs. 37.7, p = 0.048), TTRCP (49.3 vs. 32.9, p = 0.032), and TTMAX (38.9 vs. 29.2, p = 0.042). Exercise intensity was an important factor in improving HR recovery and CRF of FH+women. These findings may have important implications for designing exercise-training programmes for the prevention of an inherited hypertensive disorder.
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Cuddy, Tom, Joyce Ramos, and Lance Dalleck. "Reduced Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training is More Effective at Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health than Traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030483.
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This study sought to determine the effectiveness of an 8 wk reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) at improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and positively modifying cardiometabolic health in the workplace environment. Participants (n = 32) were randomized to two groups: (1) One group (n = 16) was prescribed an 8 wk REHIT program, and (2) one group (n = 16) was prescribed moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF were measured at baseline and 8 wks. After 8 wks, changes in CRF (REHIT, 12%; MICT, 7%), systolic blood pressure (REHIT, −5%; MICT, −2%), waist circumference (REHIT, −1.4%; MICT, −0.3%), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity (MetS z-score: REHIT, −62%; MICT, 27%) were more favorable (p < 0.05) in the REHIT group relative to the MICT group. Interestingly, there was a significantly greater proportion of participants in the REHIT group (75%, 9/12) who had a favorable change in the MetS z-score (Δ > −0.60) relative to the MICT group (47%, 7/15). The main finding of the present study is that 8 wks REHIT elicited more potent and time-efficient improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic health when compared to traditional MICT. This study provides critical evidence for implementation of the sprint interval training (SIT) paradigm from the scientific literature into a real-world workplace setting.
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Kim, Chul, Hee Eun Choi, Jin Hyuk Jang, Jun Hyeong Song, and Byung-Ok Kim. "Do Patients Maintain Proper Long-Term Cardiopulmonary Fitness Levels After Cardiac Rehabilitation? A Retrospective Study Using Medical Records." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 45, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.20123.
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Objective To examine whether patients who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome maintained cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the community.Methods We conducted a retrospective study including 78 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our hospital’s cardiovascular center and participated in a CR program and a 5-year follow-up evaluation. Patients were divided into a center-based CR (CBCR) group, participating in an electrocardiography-monitored exercise training in a hospital setting, and a home-based CR (HBCR) group, receiving aerobic exercise training and performed self-exercise at home.Results No significant differences were found between groups (p>0.05), except the proportion of non-smokers (CBCR 59.5% vs. HBCR 31.7%; p=0.01). In both groups, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly during the first 12 weeks of follow-up and remained at a steady state for the first year, but it decreased after the 1-year follow-up. Particularly, VO2max at 5 years decreased below the baseline value in the HBCR group. In the low CRF group, the CRF level significantly improved at 12 weeks, peaked at 1 year, and was still significantly different from the baseline value after 5 years. The high CRF group did not show any significant increase over time relative to the baseline value, but most patients in the high CRF group maintained relatively appropriate CRF levels after 5 years.Conclusion Continuous support should be provided to patients to maintain optimal CRF levels after completing a CR program.
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Rugbeer, Nivash, Demitri Constantinou, and Georgia Torres. "Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0335.
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Background: High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. Results: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = −0.92; 95% confidence interval, −1.63 to −0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = −0.52; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. Conclusions: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.
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Gao, Jiaxin, Dongye He, Lirong Sun, Xi Zhang, and Zhongyi Cai. "Prediction of Longitudinal Curvature Radius of 3D Surface Based on Quadratic Relationship between Strain and Coordinates in Continuous Roll Forming." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091249.
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Continuous roll forming (CRF) is a new method for the rapid forming of three-dimensional (3D) surfaces developed in recent years, and the significant advantage of CRF compared with traditional die forming is that the longitudinal dimension of the sheet metal is not limited. By controlling the curvature radius and gap shape of upper and lower bending rolls, three-dimensional parts with different shapes and sizes can be precisely formed. When the elastic deformation is ignored during the forming process, the transversal curvature radius of the three-dimensional surface is consistent with the radius of the roll gap centerline. Therefore, the calculation of longitudinal curvature radius is the key to improve the accuracy of the 3D surface in CRF. In this paper, the basic principle of CRF is described. The modified formulas for calculating the longitudinal curvature radius of convex and saddle surfaces based on the quadratic relationship between the strain and coordinates are deduced in detail, and the corresponding design method of the roll gap is derived. Furthermore, the mathematical equations of convex and saddle surfaces are given. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, it is found that the relative errors of the longitudinal centerline radius are reduced from 13.67% before modification to 4.35% after modification for a convex surface and 6.81% to 0.41% for a saddle surface when the transversal curvature radius is 800 mm and the compression ratio is 5%. The experimental and measured results indicate that the shapes of formed parts are more consistent with the target parts after modification, which further proves the applicability of the modified formulas.
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Rissanen, Antti-Pekka E., Mirva Rottensteiner, Urho M. Kujala, Jari L. O. Kurkela, Jan Wikgren, and Jari A. Laukkanen. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness Estimation Based on Heart Rate and Body Acceleration in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Validation Study." JMIR Cardio 6, no. 2 (October 25, 2022): e35796. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35796.
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Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding CRF to conventional risk factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia) improves the prediction of an individual’s risk for adverse health outcomes such as those related to cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is recommended to determine CRF as part of individualized risk prediction. However, CRF is not determined routinely in everyday clinical practice. Wearable technologies provide a potential strategy to estimate CRF on a daily basis, and such technologies, which provide CRF estimates based on heart rate and body acceleration, have been developed. However, the validity of such technologies in estimating individual CRF in clinically relevant populations is poorly known. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of a wearable technology, which provides estimated CRF based on heart rate and body acceleration, in working-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods In total, 74 adults (age range 35-64 years; n=56, 76% were women; mean BMI 28.7, SD 4.6 kg/m2) with frequent cardiovascular risk factors (eg, n=64, 86% hypertension; n=18, 24% prediabetes; n=14, 19% type 2 diabetes; and n=51, 69% metabolic syndrome) performed a 30-minute self-paced walk on an indoor track and a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill. CRF, quantified as peak O2 uptake, was both estimated (self-paced walk: a wearable single-lead electrocardiogram device worn to record continuous beat-to-beat R-R intervals and triaxial body acceleration) and measured (cardiopulmonary exercise test: ventilatory gas analysis). The accuracy of the estimated CRF was evaluated against that of the measured CRF. Results Measured CRF averaged 30.6 (SD 6.3; range 20.1-49.6) mL/kg/min. In all participants (74/74, 100%), mean difference between estimated and measured CRF was −0.1 mL/kg/min (P=.90), mean absolute error was 3.1 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.6-3.7), mean absolute percentage error was 10.4% (95% CI 8.5-12.5), and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80-0.92). Similar accuracy was observed in various subgroups (sexes, age, BMI categories, hypertension, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome). However, mean absolute error was 4.2 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.6-6.1) and mean absolute percentage error was 16.5% (95% CI 8.6-24.4) in the subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes (14/74, 19%). Conclusions The error of the CRF estimate, provided by the wearable technology, was likely below or at least very close to the clinically significant level of 3.5 mL/kg/min in working-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors, but not in the relatively small subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. From a large-scale clinical perspective, the findings suggest that wearable technologies have the potential to estimate individual CRF with acceptable accuracy in clinically relevant populations.
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Castellino, P., A. Solini, L. Luzi, J. G. Barr, D. J. Smith, A. Petrides, M. Giordano, C. Carroll, and R. A. DeFronzo. "Glucose and amino acid metabolism in chronic renal failure: effect of insulin and amino acids." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 262, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): F168—F176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.2.f168.
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The effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia on glucose and amino acid metabolism were examined in 16 control and 13 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients under two conditions: 1) euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and 2) amino acid infusion. All studies were performed with continuous indirect calorimetry and [1–14C]leucine infusion. In CRF patients insulin-mediated whole body glucose metabolism was reduced by 35% (4.41 +/- 0.50 vs. 6.76 +/- 0.73 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01), primarily due to a decrease in nonoxidative glucose disposal (1.70 +/- 0.70 vs. 4.32 +/- 0.60 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01); glucose oxidation was similar in both groups. In the postabsorptive state total leucine turnover (1.56 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.75 +/- 0.06), leucine oxidation (0.25 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.01), and nonoxidative leucine disposal (1.29 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.07 mumol.kg-1.min-1) were reduced in CRF vs. control subjects (all P less than 0.05). In response to hyperinsulinemia, endogenous leucine flux (index of proteolysis), leucine oxidation, nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD) (index of protein synthesis), and net leucine flux into protein were similar in CRF and control subjects. In contrast, the ability of hyperaminoacidemia to enhance NOLD (1.54 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.10 mumol.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01) and net leucine balance (0.27 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.05) was reduced in CRF patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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SCHOPOHL, J., A. HAUER, G. K. STALLA, K. VON WERDER, and O. A. MÜLLER. "Repetitive and continuous stimulation of ACTH-secretion with human CRF in man." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 1_Suppla (April 1985): S178—S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.109s178.
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Jukarainen, Sakari, René Holst, Christine Dalgård, Päivi Piirilä, Jesper Lundbom, Antti Hakkarainen, Nina Lundbom, et al. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Determinants of Metabolic Health—Pooled Analysis of Two Twin Cohorts." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 5 (January 23, 2017): 1520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3435.
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Abstract Context: The joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition on metabolic health are not well known. Objective: To examine the associations of CRF, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) with metabolic health in individual twins and controlling for genetic and shared environmental effects by studying monozygotic intrapair differences. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two cross-sectional samples of healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins were drawn from population-based Danish and Finnish national twin registries (n = 996 and n = 309). Main Measures: CRF was defined as VO2max divided by fat-free mass. Insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response indices were derived from an oral glucose tolerance test. A continuous metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Visceral and liver fat were measured in the Finnish sample. Associations were analyzed separately in both cohorts with multivariate linear regression and aggregated with meta-analytic methods. Results: Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, metabolic syndrome score, visceral, and liver fat amount had strong and statistically significant associations with FMI (|β| 0.53 to 0.79), whereas their associations with CRF and FFMI were at most weak (|β| 0.02 to 0.15). The results of the monozygotic intrapair differences analysis showed the same pattern. Conclusions: Although FMI is strongly associated with worsening of metabolic health traits, even after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, there was little evidence for the effects of CRF or FFMI on metabolic health. This suggests that changing FMI rather than CRF or FFMI may affect metabolic health irrespective of genetic or early environmental determinants.
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Sakuma, Takashi, and Tetsumi Moriyama. "THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN PIGEONS’ SCHEDULE-INDUCED AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND THE RECIPIENTS’ COUNTER-BEHAVIOR." Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75579.
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The present experiment was conducted to investigate whether an experimental pigeon's shield-peck responses toward a target pigeon could be induced by a food reinforcement schedule consisting of continuous reinforcement (CRF) and extinction. Further, the interaction between experimental and target pigeons’ shield-peck responses was investigated. The experiment was an ABAB design consisting of alternating phases of nonreinforcement (A) and CRF-extinction (B) of the experimental pigeons' key-peck responses unrelated to their shield-peck responses. The experimental pigeons' shield-peck responses were induced by the CRF-extinction schedule. Further, there were positive correlations between the experimental and the target pigeons' shield-peck responses revealing a similar trend in both their response rates. Thus, the experimental pigeons’ shield-peck responses were controlled by variables including the reinforcement schedule and social stimuli including ontogenic and phylogenic variables derived from their target pigeons. Moreover, the pigeons' responses could be classified as an aggressive behavior derived from the interlocking contingencies of the responses of the pigeons of the dyads.
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Evon, Philippe, Laurent Labonne, Elio Padoan, Carlos Vaca-Garcia, Enzo Montoneri, Valter Boero, and Michéle Negre. "A New Composite Biomaterial Made from Sunflower Proteins, Urea, and Soluble Polymers Obtained from Industrial and Municipal Biowastes to Perform as Slow Release Fertiliser." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010043.
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Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) are needed under current agriculture practice to decrease the environmental impact caused by fertilizer doses applied in excess of plants’ uptake rate. Commercial CRF are available. They are manufactured from mineral fertilizers encapsulated into a synthetic polymer matrix or coated by a polymer layer. However, substitution of fossil sourced organic polymers with biopolymers is a major environmental concern. In the present paper, we describe the manufacture by a continuous twin-screw extrusion process, and the mechanical and chemical properties of injection-molded composite pellets containing 90% sunflower protein concentrate (SPC) matrix, and 5–10% of a biopolymer (BP) obtained from municipal biowastes (MBW), and/or urea (U). The reported results show that SPC-BP-U behaves as an efficient eco-friendly CRF. BP contributes to several benefits to the performance of the composite pellets, upon increasing surface hardness, and controlling the formation of ammonia from urea hydrolysis and the release of organic nitrogen. The SPC-BP-U appears a powerful eco-friendly CRF to supply organic C and the three major N, P, and K nutrients to soil and plants. It offers worthwhile scope for being tested in the cultivation of specific plants under the real operational conditions of agriculture practices.
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Fang, Luo. "The Effectiveness and Safety of 42°C Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined with 60°C Continuous Radiofrequency for Refractory Infraorbital Neuralgia: A Prospective Study." Pain Physician 3, no. 22;3 (May 11, 2019): E171—E179. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.e171.
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Background: Infraorbital neuralgia, one of the rare causes of facial pain, lacks systematic treatment guidelines because few studies on the topic have been published. We previously found that 42°C percutaneous nondestructive pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment could achieve satisfactory pain relief for infraorbital neuralgia patients. However, patients who responded poorly to PRF had no other ideal treatment options until now. Recently, standard PRF combined with 60°C continuous radiofrequency (CRF) was successfully performed on trigeminal neuralgia patients and achieved a promising effective rate with mild complications. However, the efficacy of the combined therapy in the treatment of infraorbital neuralgia has not yet been reported. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 42°C PRF combined with 60°C CRF in infraorbital neuralgia patients who responded poorly to 42°C PRF and were reluctant to receive destructive therapies or nerve decompression surgery. Study Design: Prospective, single-center, observational clinical trial. Setting: The interventional pain management center in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Methods: We prospectively investigated the effects of 10 minutes of 3-dimensional computer tomography-guided 42°C PRF combined with 270 seconds of 60°C CRF in the treatment of 28 patients with refractory infraorbital neuralgia. The response criterion was a postoperative verbal pain numeric rating scale score reduction of > 50%. The response rates at different time points during a 2-year follow-up were calculated. Results: The effective rates of combined PRF and CRF treatment were 95.5%, 86.4%, 81.8%, 72.7%, 72.7%, and 72.7% postoperative at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years, respectively. Except for 16 patients (72.7%) experiencing mild numbness that gradually disappeared within 1 week to 2 months after the operation, no obvious complications were observed. Limitations: This study examined the therapeutic effectiveness over a period of only 2 years; no further follow-up was conducted. In addition, this study is a single-center observational clinical study with small sample sizes. Conclusions: For patients with intractable infraorbital neuralgia, 42°C PRF combined with 60°C CRF is an effective and safe treatment. Prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up periods are needed to evaluate whether the combined treatment could become an alternative option for those who do not respond to conservative treatment, sparing those patients from destructive therapies or more invasive nerve decompression surgery. Key words: Infraorbital neuralgia, effectiveness, safety, pulsed radiofrequency, continuous radiofrequency, combined therapy
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Bardella, M. T., M. L. Bianchi, N. Molteni, C. Garbin, G. Valenti, G. Buccianti, and P. A. Bianchi. "Serum Amylase and Isoamylase in Chronic Renal Failure." International Journal of Artificial Organs 10, no. 4 (July 1987): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888701000409.
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In 37 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) serum amylase was higher than in 33 normal subjects (483 U/L ± SD 185 versus 267 ± SD 66 U/L, p < 0.05); while the percentage of pancreatic isoenzymes was within normal limits in 34 patients and only slightly increased in 3. Seventeen of the patients were on conservative treatment, 10 on hemodialysis and 10 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; no significant differences in serum amylase levels were detected between these subgroups. No correlation was found between serum BUN or creatinine and serum amylase but a positive correlation was found between these enzyme levels and duration of CRF (p < 0.05) in the patients on conservative treatment.
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Vlachojannis, John G., Sotiris Tsakas, Sotiria Alexandri, Chrysanthi Petropoulou, and Dimitris S. Goumenos. "Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is Responsible for an Increase in Plasma Norepinephrine." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 20, no. 3 (May 2000): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080002000309.
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Objective To investigate the reason for increasing norepinephrine (NE) levels reported in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods Norepinephrine was measured in the plasma and peritoneal dialysate of CAPD patients ( n = 22) and in the plasma and the urine of healthy subjects ( n = 20). It was also measured in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) ( n = 15) and patients on hemodialysis (HD) ( n = 15). Results It was found that NE was increased in CAPD patients compared with healthy individuals (687 ± 221 pg/mL vs 199 ± 25 pg/mL, p < 0.01). The daily removal of NE from the peritoneum of CAPD patients was lower compared with the amount of NE excreted in the urine of healthy subjects. Plasma NE increased after infusion of peritoneal dialysate. In 15 new patients on CAPD, it was found that NE plasma levels increased from 329 ± 67 pg/mL before initiation of dialysis, to 584 ± 173 pg/mL after 12 months of treatment ( p < 0.01). Finally, plasma NE in CAPD patients (687 ± 221 pg/mL) was significantly higher compared with the already increased levels in patients on HD or with CRF (406 ± 143 pg/mL and 378 ± 142 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusions It is concluded that CAPD in patients with end-stage renal disease is responsible for a progressive increase of plasma norepinephrine.
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Miller, Mark A., Virendra P. Ghate, and Robert K. Zahn. "The Radiation Budget of the West African Sahel and Its Controls: A Perspective from Observations and Global Climate Models." Journal of Climate 25, no. 17 (April 27, 2012): 5976–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00072.1.
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Abstract Continuous measurements of the shortwave (SW), longwave (LW), and net cross-atmosphere radiation flux divergence over the West African Sahel were made during the year 2006 using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) and the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) satellite. Accompanying AMF measurements enabled calculations of the LW, SW, and net top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface cloud radiative forcing (CRF), which quantifies the radiative effects of cloud cover on the column boundaries. Calculations of the LW, SW, and net cloud radiative effect (CRE), which is the difference between the TOA and surface radiative flux divergences in all-sky and clear-sky conditions, quantify the radiative effects on the column itself. These measurements were compared to predictions in four global climate models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4). All four GCMs produced wet and dry seasons, but reproducing the SW column radiative flux divergence was problematic in the GCMs and SW discrepancies translated into discrepancies in the net radiative flux divergence. Computing cloud-related quantities from the measurements produced yearly averages of the SW TOA CRF, surface CRF, and CRE of ~−19, −83, and 47 W m−2, respectively, and yearly averages of the LW TOA CRF, surface CRF, and CRE of ~39, 37, and 2 W m−2. These quantities were analyzed in two GCMs and compensating errors in the SW and LW clear-sky, cross-atmosphere radiative flux divergence were found to conspire to produce somewhat reasonable predictions of the net clear-sky divergence. Both GCMs underestimated the surface LW and SW CRF and predicted near-zero SW CRE when the measured values were substantially larger (~70 W m−2 maximum).
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Mehrotra, Rajnish, Rajiv Saran, Harold L. Moore, Barbara F. Prowant, Ramesh Khanna, Zbylut J. Twardowski, and Karl D. Nolph. "Toward Targets for Initiation of Chronic Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 5 (September 1997): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700514.
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Objectives To better defaine the targets for initiation of chronic dialysis, we compared the relationship between the normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA, g/kg standard weight/day) and weekly urea clearance (Kt) normalized to total body water (V) in predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD). We also studied the relationships of other nutritional parameters to weekly Kt/Vurea in CRF patients. Design This cross-sectional study was a prospective observational design meant to study each patient once. Setting The University Hospital and Clinics and Harry S. Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri. Patients Forty-five consecutive predialysis CRF patients were enrolled and the results compared with patients on CAPD and HD. Results In CRF, the nPNA calculated from urea appearance correlated with the weekly Kt/Vurea (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) and, using exponential best-fit, nPNA = 1.217 x (1 - e-0.769Kt/v). This exponential relationship was similar to that for CAPD and both were different from that in patients on HD. Likewise, nPNAs, calculated from Kjeldahl nitrogen output, and weekly Kt/Vurea were correlated (r = 0.37, p = 0.014) and, using exponential best-fit, nPNA = 1.102(1 - e-0.867Kt/v), similar to the relationship in patients on CAPD. Evidence is presented that these relationships are not explained only by mathematical coupling. There was a significant correlation between the weekly Kt/Vurea and 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion. Conclusions The findings suggest that in CRF, as in CAPD, a weekly Kt/Vurea less than 2.0 is likely to be associated with a nPNA less than 0.9 g/kg standard weight. In CRF patients, initiation of chronic dialysis should be considered if weekly renal Kt/Vurea falls below 2.0 and a nPNA greater than 0.8 is desired.
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Liu, Yu-Chen, Tsai-Tzu Hung, Sriyani Padmalatha Konara Mudiyanselage, Chi-Jane Wang, and Mei-Feng Lin. "Beneficial Exercises for Cancer-Related Fatigue among Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Cancers 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010151.
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Context: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common cause of physical powerlessness in women with breast cancer (BC). The practice of continuous effective exercise is beneficial with respect to reducing CRF. Objective: To explore exercise efficacy and respective ranks with respect to reducing CRF in women with BC within the inter-treatment and post-treatment periods. Methods: Throughout this systematic review and network meta-analysis, articles published from 2000 to March 2022 were included. Article searches were conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. Adult women with BC and different exercise programs were compared with those involved in regular care as a control during or after treatment. In addition, randomized controlled trials (RCT) were also included. A risk-of-bias assessment, with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool regarding RCT and probability-based ranking, was established based on the surface under the cumulative rank (SUCRA) method via network meta-analysis. Results: a total of 5747 women with BC followed seven exercise interventions. Yoga (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.86, −0.22]) was ranked first (94.5%), with significant effects in respect of mitigating CRF, followed by resistance exercise (66.2%), and aerobic resistance (63.3%), while Qigong ranked last (22.2%) among the 36 RCT in inter-treatment. Aerobic resistance exercise (SMD = −0.52, 95% CI [−0.98, −0.07]) induced significant effects in respect of mitigating CRF in the 38 RCTs in the post-treatment period. Yoga, aerobic yoga, and aerobic resistance exercise ranked as the top three (75.5%, 75.0%, and 72.4%, respectively), whereas relaxation ranked last (38.8%) in the post-treatment period. Conclusion: Yoga, aerobic resistance, and aerobic yoga are recommended for the purposes of inter- and post-treatment exercise to reduce CRF in women with BC by enhancing their physical resilience and long-term quality of life.
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Jurio-Iriarte, Borja, and Sara Maldonado-Martín. "Effects of Different Exercise Training Programs on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight/Obese Adults With Hypertension: A Pilot Study." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 3 (May 9, 2018): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918774310.
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The goal of the study was to compare the effects of two supervised aerobic exercise programs (moderate-intensity continuous training [MICT] vs. high-intensity interval training [HIIT]) after 8-, 12-, and 16-week intervention periods on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in overweight/obese adults diagnosed with hypertension. Participants ( N = 64) were divided into three intervention cohorts (control group [CG], MICT, and HIIT) and each of these, in turn, into three intervention length cohorts (8, 12, and 16 weeks). Supervised groups exercised twice a week. There were no statistical changes in postintervention periods in CG ( g < 0.1). CRF as assessed by peak oxygen uptake (mL kg−1·min−1) increased ( p < .001) in exercise groups (MICT, 3.8 ± 3.3, g = 0.6; HIIT, 4.2 ± 4.7, g = 0.7). The effect of exercise interventions compared with CG was substantial ( p < .02, g > .8) and mostly consequence of HIIT-related effects. The improvements on CRF occurred after 12 and 16 weeks in exercise interventions, rather than in the 8-week group or CG, where Hedges’s g index indicated small effect. This study may suggest that both MICT and HIIT exert cardioprotector effects on hypertension in the overweight/obese population. However, short-term training duration (<12 weeks) does not seem to improve CRF, and HIIT intervention might generate higher aerobic capacity, which seems to grow as intervention lengthens.
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He, Yubo, Minchi Yuan, Chun He, Danwei Zhu, and Feida Wang. "The Effects of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation on Cancer-related Fatigue and Negative Emotions in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (July 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1225253.
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Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a noninvasive and therapeutic technique that stimulated the acupoint by delivering electricity. Whether TEAS could relieve cancer-related fatigue (CRF), anxiety, and depression and improve the quality of life in cancer patients remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a thorough literature search of electronic Chinese and English databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of CRF, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in cancer patients from inception to July 1st, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias criteria were used to assess the risk of bias for each included RCT. Continuous variables were analyzed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A fixed-effects model was used for the meta-analysis of all outcomes. A total of nine RCTs with 924 cancer patients were included in this analysis, including 460 patients in the interventional group and 464 patients in the control group. We found that TEAS could significantly reduce CRF, depression, and anxiety (SWD = −0.83, 95% CI: −0.99 to −0.66, P < 0.05 ) and improve the quality of life (SWD = −1.37, 95% CI: −2.34 to −0.40, P < 0.05 ). The funnel plot analysis revealed no significant publication bias. We conclude that TEAS is beneficial for reducing CRF, depression, and anxiety and improving the quality of life of cancer patients, but additional high-quality evidence in the future is entailed to support this.
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Yan, Li, Hong Guang Cai, Zhi Dan Zhang, Qiang Gao, Wen Xi Lu, Guo Zhong Feng, and Yuan Chen. "The Variation of Nitrate in the Soil Profile for Continuous Spring Maize System under Different Soil Fertilities in the Northeast of China." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3114.
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In the continuous Spring Maize system in Northeast China,the nitrate accumulation and succession characteristics of different soils and fertility in three locations with five fertilization treatments, which included no fertilizer treatment (CK), farmer conventional treatment (FC), recommendation fertilization (RF), control-released fertilizer (CRF) and single fertilization (SF), was compared by 6 years’ long-term experiment. The results showed that nitrate accumulation was drastically significant in high pH soils; potential nitrate increasing trend of high fertility soil was lower; new type fertilizer, for example controlled release fertilizer (CRF), and recommendation fertilizer rate (RF) could obviously decrease nitrate accumulation in single fertilization and in split fertilization; the nitrate excessive accumulation in soils could be improved by not only controlling fertilization, fertilizer and fertilizer rate, but also considering of soil types and soil fertility; and at present, in Northeast China, nitrate accumulation was in rational and safety level, but still exist potential risk.
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Gao, Jia-Xin, Qing-Min Chen, Li-Rong Sun, and Zhong-Yi Cai. "Shape Prediction of the Sheet in Continuous Roll Forming Based on the Analysis of Exit Velocity." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 5178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185178.
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Continuous roll forming (CRF) is a new technology that combines continuous forming and multi-point forming to produce three-dimensional (3D) curved surfaces. Compared with other methods, the equipment of CRF is very simple, including only a pair of bendable work rolls and the corresponding shape adjustment and support assembly. By controlling the bending shapes of the upper and lower rolls and the size of the roll gap during forming, double curvature surfaces with different shapes can be produced. In this paper, a simplified expression of the exit velocity of the sheet is provided, and the formulas for the calculation of the longitudinal curvature radius are further derived. The reason for the discrepancy between the actual and predicted values of the longitudinal radius is deeply discussed from the perspective of the distribution of the exit velocity. By using the response surface methodology, the effects of the maximum compression ratio, the sheet width, the sheet thickness, and the transverse curvature radius on the longitudinal curvature radius are analyzed. Meanwhile, the correction coefficients of the predicted formulas for the positive and negative Gaussian curvature surfaces are obtained as 1.138 and 0.905, respectively. The validity and practicability of the modified formulas are verified by numerical simulations and forming experiments.
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Scoubeau, Corentin, Bruno Bonnechère, Miriam Cnop, Vitalie Faoro, and Malgorzata Klass. "Effectiveness of Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training on Health-Related Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159559.
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Due to its versatility, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) can be proposed to the general population and patients to improve health-related fitness. However, its effectiveness compared to traditional aerobic continuous or interval trainings has yet to be determined. A search of four electronic databases was conducted. Studies reporting the effects of WB-HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass, fat-free mass, musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic risk factors were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between WB-HIIT and no exercise or traditional aerobic trainings were calculated. A meta-regression assessed the effect of total training time on the different outcomes. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and nineteen in the meta-analysis. Compared to no exercise, WB-HIIT improves CRF (SMD: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.28, 1.23; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (SMD: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.65; p < 0.001), fat mass (SMD: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.72; p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08; p < 0.001). Compared to other aerobic trainings, WB-HIIT has a lower effect on CRF (SMD: −0.40; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.11; p = 0.007), a similar effect on fat-free mass (SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.44, 0.35; p = 0.8) and fat mass (SMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.25; p = 0.7), and a larger effect on musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.71; p = 0.003). WB-HIIT overall effect and specific effect on CRF and fat mass were associated with total training time. The systematic review did not provide evidence of metabolic risk improvement. Despite a slightly lower effect on CRF, WB-HIIT is equally effective as traditional aerobic trainings to improve body composition and more effective to enhance musculoskeletal fitness, which is essential for execution of daily tasks.
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Rysz, J., R. A. Stolarek, A. Pedzik, J. Fijalkowska, M. Luczynska, A. Sarniak, M. Kasielski, A. Makowka, M. Nowicki, and D. Nowak. "Increased Exhaled H2O2 and Impaired Lung Function in Patients Undergoing Bioincompatible Hemodialysis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 30, no. 10 (October 2007): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880703001004.
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Background Chronic renal failure (CRF) and hemodialysis (HD) accumulate an inflammatory milieu, contributing to increased systemic and airway oxidative stress that may lead to lung damage. Objectives This study was designed to assess exhaled hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lung function and whole blood chemiluminescence in HD and CRF patients and healthy controls. Methods The study included 59 patients (Polyamide S™ or Hemophan® membranes-19, cuprophane-16, hemodiafiltration-14, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-10), 16 CRF and 16 healthy controls. The assessment of lung function included FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) and DLCOc (single breath CO diffusing capacity). Exhaled H2O2 was determined fluorometrically and resting and n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) luminol-dependent whole blood chemiluminescence (LBCL) were measured simultaneously. Results Only cuprophane HD patients presented decreased lung function (FVC 63.8±17.4%, FEV1 55.9±20.3 and DLCOc 72.1± 9.3 % of predicted; p<0.05 vs. controls). These patients exhaled the highest H2O2 levels in comparison to CRF (p<0.01): median 0.36 μM (range R: 0.09–0.56 μM) and controls (p<0.05): 0.17 μM (0.2–17.8 μM). These levels were not decreased during the HD session: preHD 1.25 μM (0.2–16.5μM) and postHD 1.3 μM (0.2–17.8 μM). As a marker of systemic oxidative stress, fMLP-induced LBCL (total light emission) was increased in these patients (1570.6 aUxs /10phagocytes; R: 274.2–8598.9) and in the CRF group (2389.4 aUxs /10phagocytes; R: 491.5–6184; p<0.05 vs. controls). Other patient groups did not express elevated LBCL and revealed decreased exhaled H2O2 after a session. Conclusions An increased oxidative burden in the lungs may contribute to functional lung impairment in patients dialyzed with a cellulose membrane. Biocompatible dialysis with other modalities might reduce airway-borne oxidative stress and is not related with lung damage.
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Yang, Tong, Mengjie Wang, Xiaodan Wang, Chunchun Xu, Fuping Fang, and Fengbo Li. "Product Type, Rice Variety, and Agronomic Measures Determined the Efficacy of Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizer on the CH4 Emission and Rice Yields in Paddy Fields: A Meta-Analysis." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102240.
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Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer (EENF) is a recommend nitrogen fertilizer for rice production because of its advantage on improving nitrogen use efficiency. However, its efficacy on CH4, the dominant greenhouse gas, emission from rice fields showed great variation under field conditions. And the factors influencing its efficacy are still unclear. We synthesized the results of 46 field studies and analyzed the impact of product type, rice variety, and primary agronomic measures (rice cropping system, nitrogen (N) application rate, and water management options) on the effectiveness of EENF on the CH4 emission and rice yield. Overall, EENF, including inhibitors (IS) and slow/control-released fertilizer (S/CRF), significantly reduced CH4 emission by 16.2% and increased rice yield by 7.3%, resulting in a significant reduction in yield-scaled CH4 by 21.7%, compared with conventional N fertilizer. Nitrapyrin, DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate), and HQ (Hydroquinone) + Nitrapyrin showed relative higher efficacy on the mitigation of CH4 emission than other EENF products; and HQ showed relative lower efficacy on rice yield than other EENF products. The reduction in CH4 emission response of hybrid rice varieties to IS and S/CRF was greater than that of inbred rice varieties. IS significantly reduced the CH4 emission and increased the rice yield under all three rice cropping systems, and showed the highest efficacy in the late rice season of double rice cropping system. Whereas, S/CRF did not significantly reduce the CH4 emission from rice seasons of single rice cropping system and rice-upland crops rotation system. IS did not reduce the CH4 emission when N application rate less than 100 kg ha−1, and S/CRF did not affect the CH4 emission when N application rate less than 100 kg ha−1 or above 200 kg ha−1. Continuous flooding was unfavorable for IS and S/CRF to mitigate CH4 emission and enhance rice yield. These results emphasized the necessary to link EENF products with rice varieties and agronomic practices to assess their efficacy on CH4 emissions and rice yield.
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Zheng, Jun, Reji Babygirija, Mehmet Bülbül, Diana Cerjak, Kirk Ludwig, and Toku Takahashi. "Hypothalamic oxytocin mediates adaptation mechanism against chronic stress in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 4 (October 2010): G946—G953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00483.2009.
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Accumulation of continuous life stress (chronic stress) often causes gastric symptoms. Although central oxytocin has antistress effects, the role of central oxytocin in stress-induced gastric dysmotility remains unknown. Solid gastric emptying was measured in rats receiving acute restraint stress, 5 consecutive days of repeated restraint stress (chronic homotypic stress), and 7 consecutive days of varying types of stress (chronic heterotypic stress). Oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist were administered intracerebroventricularly (icv). Expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA and oxytocin mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. The changes of oxytocinergic neurons in the PVN were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Acute stress delayed gastric emptying, and the delayed gastric emptying was completely restored after 5 consecutive days of chronic homotypic stress. In contrast, delayed gastric emptying persisted following chronic heterotypic stress. The restored gastric emptying following chronic homotypic stress was antagonized by icv injection of an oxytocin antagonist. Icv injection of oxytocin restored delayed gastric emptying induced by chronic heterotypic stress. CRF mRNA expression, which was significantly increased in response to acute stress and chronic heterotypic stress, returned to the basal levels following chronic homotypic stress. In contrast, oxytocin mRNA expression was significantly increased following chronic homotypic stress. The number of oxytocin-immunoreactive cells was increased following chronic homotypic stress at the magnocellular part of the PVN. Icv injection of oxytocin reduced CRF mRNA expression induced by acute stress and chronic heterotypic stress. It is suggested that the adaptation mechanism to chronic stress may involve the upregulation of oxytocin expression in the hypothalamus, which in turn attenuates CRF expression.
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Pratiwi, G. R., E. Hanudin, B. H. Purwanto, E. Sulistyaningsih, and K. Hayashi. "Rice growth response to CRF fertilizer and biochar in rainfed land under two continuous seasons." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 752, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/752/1/012018.
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