Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continuous CRF

Academic literature on the topic 'Continuous CRF'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Chen, Shun-Ping, Zhen Zhong, and Dong-Pei Tu. "Subtypes of the Completely Reversed Flow Waveform in Vertebral Artery Can Help to Differentiate Subclavian Artery Occlusion from Severe Stenosis." Diagnostics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010146.

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Objectives: To investigate the value of subtypes of completely reversed flow (CRF) waveform in vertebral artery (VA) on Doppler ultrasound in differentiation occlusion from severe stenosis of the ipsilateral proximal subclavian artery (SA). Methods: A total of 357 patients with CRF in the VA on Doppler US were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 49 patients (mean age, 68.2 ± 7.8 years) confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included. According to the status of diastolic flow, the CRF was divided into continuous CRF (CCRF, n = 27) and intermittent CRF (ICRF, n = 22). The correlation of subtypes of CRF waveform and VA parameters with the severity of SA stenosis was evaluated. The severity of SA stenosis was determined by DSA. Results: Of those 49 patients, SA occlusion was observed in 33 patients (67%, occlusion group) and severe stenosis in 16 patients (33%, stenosis group). The subtypes of CRF waveforms showed a significant between-group difference (p = 0.005). CCRF exhibited an accuracy of 85.2% (23/27) in diagnosing SA occlusion. The diameter of the target VA with ICRF showed a significant between-group difference (p = 0.041). The target VA diameter ≥ 3.8 mm in ICRF achieved an accuracy of 81.8% (18/22), and its combination with CCRF achieved an accuracy of 83.7% (41/49) in the differentiation of SA occlusion from severe stenosis. Conclusions: Subtypes of CRF in VA can help to differentiate SA occlusion from severe stenosis. CCRF has higher accuracy in diagnosing SA occlusion. The CCRF waveform plus VA diameter in ICRF is more accurate for differentiating SA occlusion from severe stenosis.
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Schopohl, J., A. Hauer, T. Kaliebe, G. K. Stalla, K. von Werder, and O. A. Müller. "Repetitive and continuous administration of human corticotropin releasing factor to human subjects." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 2 (June 1986): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120157.

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Abstract. ACTH secretion was studied in response to repetitive and continuous administration of human corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in 14 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. ACTH increases during repetitive CRF administration were within the same range in normal subjects independent of the intervals (60– 180 min) between the CRF pulses (100 μg iv). When CRF was infused continuously (100 μg/h for 3 h) after an initial CRF bolus injection (100 μg iv), ACTH and cortisol remained elevated during the infusion at a nearly constant level (ACTH: 60 ± 5 pg/ml; cortisol: 21.2 ± 1 μg/dl; x̄ ± se). A second CRF bolus injection at the end of the infusion did not lead to a significant further increase of ACTH and cortisol levels. This shows that there is no desensitisation or depletion of a ready releasable pool, as it is observed with other pituitary hormones after releasing hormone stimulation. Pulsatile administration of CRF in 2 patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency due to previous cortisol or glucocorticoid excess, respectively, revealed a blunted response to the first pulse which became normal after the following pulses. The latter could not be sustained until the next morning without CRF given overnight. These findings point to a hypothalamic defect being the cause of hypocortisolism after long-term cortisol suppression.
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Normand, Maurice, and Josée Lalonde. "Adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-043.

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The time course of plasma corticosterone was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked following rapid i.v. injections of doses ranging from 0.003 to 10 μg corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) per rat and during i.v. infusions at rates ranging from 0.001 to 20 μg CRF∙min−1∙100 g body weight−1. The range of the dose–response curve, following rapid injection, extends from 0.01 to 0.37 μg CRF, whereas it extends over a 20 000-fold range from 0.001 to 20 ng CRF∙min−1∙100 g body weight−1 during a continuous infusion. The delayed response to a small rate of CRF could be ascribed to a relatively long time of residence of CRF in the plasma which implies that a relatively long period of time is required until a minimal plasma CRF concentration is reached after the onset of a continuous infusion of CRF at a small rate. When presented with a prolonged infusion of CRF at a large rate, the pituitary secretion of ACTH is rapidly turned on at a rate which exhibits the characteristics of a prolonged secretion at a constant large magnitude.
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Maginador, Guilherme, Manoel E. Lixandrão, Henrique I. Bortolozo, Felipe C. Vechin, Luís O. Sarian, Sophie Derchain, Guilherme D. Telles, Eva Zopf, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, and Miguel S. Conceição. "Aerobic Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082240.

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While performing aerobic exercise during chemotherapy has been proven feasible and safe, the efficacy of aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy has not yet been systematically assessed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine (a) the efficacy of aerobic training to improve CRF; (b) the role of aerobic training intensity (moderate or vigorous) on CRF response; (c) the effect of the aerobic training mode (continuous or interval) on changes in CRF in women with breast cancer (BC) receiving chemotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted as per PRISMA guidelines, and randomized controlled trials comparing usual care (UC) and aerobic training in women with BC undergoing chemotherapy were eligible. The results suggest that increases in CRF are favored by (a) aerobic training when compared to usual care; (b) vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (64–90% of maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) when compared to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (46–63% of VO2max); and (c) both continuous and interval aerobic training are effective at increasing the VO2max. Aerobic training improves CRF in women with BC undergoing chemotherapy. Notably, training intensity significantly impacts the VO2max response. Where appropriate, vigorous intensity aerobic training should be considered for women with BC receiving chemotherapy.
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Singhal, Neha, and Anupa Siddhu. "Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Indian Men." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 2 (February 2014): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0029.

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Background:The relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not clearly understood in Indian men. It is important to elucidate whether the duration or intensity of LTPA is responsible for increasing CRF. This will help in designing better physical activity intervention strategies for improving CRF in Indian men.Methods:Healthy nondiabetic urban Indian men with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected (n = 603; aged 22–64 years) and their energy intake and physical activity was determined using a questionnaire. Body fat (percent) was determined by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis while CRF was measured on multistage, continuous treadmill test using Bruce protocol.Results:Intensity of physical activity (METs) emerged as the best independent predictor of CRF (β = 0.217; P < .001). Using univariate General Linear Model, it was found that CRF is more a function of LTPA intensity than LTPA duration, since LTPA duration was not related to CRF when controlled for LTPA intensity. However, LTPA intensity remained significantly associated with CRF even after adjustment for LTPA duration.Conclusion:LTPA of preferably higher intensity should be incorporated in the lifestyle to improve CRF and prevent CHD in Indian men.
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Cao, Meng, Minghui Quan, and Jie Zhuang. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091533.

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Enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can lead to substantial health benefits. Comparisons between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF for children and adolescents are inconsistent and inconclusive. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the effects between HIIT and MICT on CRF in children and adolescents. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to determine the pooled effect size of HIIT and MICT on CRF. A total of 563 subjects from 17 studies (18 effects) were identified. The pooled effect size was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.33–0.69) comparing HIIT to MICT. Moreover, intervention duration, exercise modality, work and rest ratio, and total bouts did not significantly modify the effect of HIIT on CRF. It is concluded that compared with endurance training, HIIT has greater improvements on cardiorespiratory fitness among children and adolescents.
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Carson, Luther C., and Monica Ozores-Hampton. "Factors Affecting Nutrient Availability, Placement, Rate, and Application Timing of Controlled-release Fertilizers for Florida Vegetable Production Using Seepage Irrigation." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.553.

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This publication summarizes the factors influencing controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) nutrient release, CRF placement, CRF rate, and CRF application timing for the two major seepage-irrigated vegetable production systems (plasticulture and open-bed) in Florida. One of several best management practices for vegetable production, CRF helps growers achieve total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) established in Florida under the Federal Clean Water Act. Several factors intrinsic to CRF and to the vegetable production systems affect CRF nutrient release, making implementation of CRF fertility programs challenging. Increasing or decreasing soil temperature increases or decreases nutrient release from CRF. Soil moisture required for uninhibited plant growth is within the soil moisture range for optimum CRF nutrient release. CRF substrate affects nutrient release rate, which is inversely related to coating thickness and granule size. Soil microbes, soil texture, and soil pH do not influence nutrient release rate. Field placement of CRFs in seepage-irrigated, plasticulture, and open-bed production should be in the bottom mix at bed formation and soil incorporated or banded at planting, respectively. In plasticulture production systems, soil fumigation and delayed planting for continuous harvest may add a 14- to 21-day lag period between fertilization and planting, which along with different season lengths will influence CRF release length selected by growers. Using a hybrid fertilizer system in plasticulture production or incorporating CRF at planting in open-bed production allows for up to a 25% reduction in the nitrogen (N) rate needed.
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Nagai, Tsukasa, Manabu Kuriyama, and Yukimichi Kawada. "Oxidative Metabolism of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700212.

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Objective To evaluate the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients compared with those of hemodialysis (HD) patients, chronic renal failure (CRF) patients not yet on dialysis, and healthy controls; and to discover factors contributing to the oxidative function in CAPD patients. Patients Thirty-five CAPD, 22 HD, 11 CRF patients were assessed; all were free from infections at the time of examination. Thirty-one healthy volunteers served as controls. Methods The oxidative metabolism was estimated by the production of superoxide anion, which was detected by luminol-dependent zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) with whole blood assessment. The volume of superoxide production equivalent to 1 mL of circulating blood (T-CL), that equivalent to 104 neutrophils (CL/N) and the velocity of superoxide production (V-CL), were measured as parameters for the oxidative function of PMNL. Results There were no differences in all CL parameters between CAPD and HD patients. T -CL and CL/N of dialysis patients were equal to controls but those of CRF patients were significantly decreased. V-CL of dialysis patients, as well as CRF patients, was smaller than that of controls but the difference was not significant. Among nutritional status, degree of anemia, dialytic efficacy and duration of dialysis in CAPD patients, only serum albumin concentration (Alb) correlated well to all CL parameters. Hypoalbuminemic patients(Alb <3.6 gldL, n=20) had significantly decreased T -CL and CL/N compared to normoalbuminemic patients(Alb ?: 3.6 g/dL, n=15), and decreased CL/N and V-CL compared to controls. No differences in CL parameters were observed between the patients with a history of peritonitis (n=15) and without a history of peritonitis (n=20). Conclusions Oxidative metabolism of PMNL in CAPD patients was maintained with respect to superoxide productive volume, while the oxidative velocity was relatively impaired. Furthermore, it seems that albumin has a great influence on the oxidative metabolism of PMNL in CAPD patients.
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Ghaydaa A., Ghaydaa A. "Effects of Pulsed Versus Conventional Versus Combined Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Study." september 2017 6, no. 20;6 (August 11, 2017): E873—E881. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.20.5.e873.

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Background: During radiofrequency bursts of energy are applied to nervous tissue. The clinical advantages of this treatment remain unclear. Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and pain relief for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after continuous radiofrequency (CRF), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), and combined continuous and pulsed radiofrequency (CCPRF) treatment of the Gasserian ganglion (GG). Study Design: We conducted a randomized prospective study. Forty-three patients were included. Eleven patients were treated with PRF at 42°C for 10 minutes (PRF group), 12 patients received CRF for 270 seconds at 75 °C (CRF group), and 20 patients received PRF for 10 minutes at 42°C followed by CRF for at 60°C for 270 seconds (CCPRF group). Setting: Assuit University Hospital, Pain and Neurology outpatient clinics. Methods: Patients were assessed for pain, satisfaction, and consumption of analgesics at baseline and 7 days, one month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after the procedure. The incidence of complications, anesthesia dolorosa, weakness of muscles of mastication, numbness, and technical complications, was evaluated after the procedure. Results: Excellent pain relief was achieved after 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively in 95%, 85%, and 70% of patients with CCPRF; 75%, 75%, and reduced to 50% among patients with CRF; and 82%, reduced to 9.1%, and 0% of patients with PRF. No complications were recorded in 75% of patients in the CCPRF and PRF groups. There was one case of anesthesia dolorosa, 4 cases of masseter muscle weakness, and 5 cases of severe numbness recorded in the CRF group. Limitation: There was a small number of patients in each group. Conclusion: The best results were observed in the CCPRF group, followed by the CRF group, and then the PRF group.
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Farrell, Stephen W., Aidin R. Abramowitz, Benjamin L. Willis, Carolyn E. Barlow, Myron Weiner, Jed Falkowski, David Leonard, Andjelka Pavlovic, and Laura F. DeFina. "The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores in Older Adults." Gerontology 64, no. 5 (2018): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489336.

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Background: Relatively little is known regarding the association between objective measures of physical function such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive function tests in healthy older adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CRF and cognitive function in adults aged 55 and older. Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, 4,931 men and women underwent a comprehensive preventive physical exam at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. CRF was determined by duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In a multivariate model, adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for MoCA scores < 26 (i.e., cognitive impairment) were determined by using CRF as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Results: The mean age of the sample was 61.0 ± 6.0 years; mean maximal MET values were 10.0 ± 2.2. Mean MoCA scores were 26.9 ± 2.2; 23.4% of the sample had MoCA scores indicative of cognitive impairment. The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 0.93 (0.88–0.97) per 1-MET increment in CRF. When examined as a categorical variable, and using the lowest CRF quintile as the referent, there was a significantly reduced likelihood for cognitive impairment across the remaining ordered CRF categories (p trend = 0.004). Conclusion: The association between CRF and MoCA score in older adults suggests that meeting or exceeding public health guidelines for physical activity is likely to increase CRF in low fit individuals, maintain CRF in those with a moderate to high level of CRF, and thereby help to maintain cognitive function in healthy older adults.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Alessandrini, Aduer. "'il 730 online' di CAF ACLI e l'introduzione di una cultura DevOps." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17699/.

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In questo presente sempre più servizi che caratterizzano il nostro quotidiano (trasporti, utenze, commercio eccetera) stanno avendo una progressiva sostituzione della componente di interazione personale, in favore di una maggiore integrazione con la rete. Basti pensare a come grazie ad una connessione Internet, sia possibile monitorare in tempo reale il ritardo di un treno, o ordinare e ricevere a domicilio un piatto cucinato espressamente o vedere la sbarra del casello autostradale alzarsi perché il sistema ha riconosciuto la targa inserita poco prima tramite l'apposita app. In contesti come questi, in cui un processo che avviene nella realtà, viene monitorato e coordinato dall'utente finale remoto, sul software grava una grande responsabilità. Le software house per stare al passo con questa sfida, ed essere competitive sul mercato, devono produrre sistemi di qualità sempre maggiore, che sappiano dare soluzioni veramente utili agli utenti ed in tempi per loro accettabili. Questo può essere ottenuto adottando necessariamente metodiche di lavoro più sofisticate. L'approccio DevOps in particolare mira ad ottimizzare i processi aziendali che intercorrono tra le varie fasi dello sviluppo di un software, sostituendo le attività manuali con procedure automatizzate capaci di aumentare la velocità, il livello di garanzia e la riproducibilità delle medesime. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi tratta di come questa metodologia sia stata introdotta nell'occasione dello sviluppo di un sistema di scambio di documenti fiscali commissionato dall'ente di scala nazionale CAF ACLI. L'obiettivo era quello di realizzare un servizio che desse la possibilità di operare senza recarsi presso uno sportello ma garantendo lo stesso livello di assistenza e garanzia del risultato che solo un esperto fiscale può dare. La metodica elaborata ha permesso di raggiungere un'alta qualità del prodotto e rapidità nei rilasci per essere reattivi alle richieste del cliente ed alle segnalazioni di bug.
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Aguiar, Nuno Filipe Pedra de. "O modelo de gestão da qualidade CAF (estrutura comum de avaliação): o papel da liderança." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3015.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas
Numa noção de administração pública cada vez mais ligada aos princípios de gestão da qualidade, a presente monografia pretende reflectir sobre o modelo denominado por Estrutura Comum de Avaliação (Common Assessment Framework – CAF), mais propriamente do contributo da Liderança para a implementação desta ferramenta. Com esse intuito realizamos um estudo de caso sobre a implementação desta ferramenta na Direcção Regional da Administração Pública e Local da Vice-Presidência do Governo Regional da Região Autónoma da Madeira. Temos como objectivo descrever e entender em que medida se relacionam o factor Liderança com a implementação da CAF. Para o efeito descrevemos num primeiro momento a regularidade do fenómeno, seguido do entendimento desse mesmo a partir da realização de entrevistas e questionários a informadores qualificados. Este estudo permitiu-nos concluir ser essencial existir por parte da Liderança uma relação de empenhamento, envolvimento e mobilização, fomentando a discussão, motivando, recolhendo ideias, discutindo acções e comunicando objectivos, desde a concepção até à aplicação efectiva das áreas de melhoria encontradas.
The present monograph aims to reflect and analyze the quality management model named as CAF (Common Assessment Framework), relating it with the paper of the Leadership in the process. The study of case that we present here it was the result of the implementation of CAF in Regional Directorate for Public and Local Administration of the Regional Government of the Autonomous Region of Madeira. We aim to describe and understand the relation between the Leadership factor with the CAF implementation. For the effect, we describe the regularity of the phenomenon supported by questionnaires and interviews to the qualified informers. Looking to clarify all the process, we have made interviews to the Leadership and the collaborators involved in the process. This study concludes that it is essential a relation of engagement, involvement, mobilization, fomenting the discussion, motivating, collecting ideas, arguing goals, from the Leadership, since the conception until the effective application of the model.
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MacKintosh, Hamish. "Developing the silviculture of continuous cover forestry : using the data and experience collected from the Glentress Trial Area." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7943.

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Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) has become increasingly popular since the early 1990s. CCF utilises several silvicultural techniques in order to promote and enhance forest structural diversity and favours natural regeneration. As CCF is relatively new to the UK there are still areas of knowledge regarding management interventions that need to be improved upon. This study utilises simple models, seedling physiology and a hybrid gap model and applies them to the Glentress Trial Area which has been under transformation from even-aged forestry since 1952. These efforts have led to an improved understanding of thinning interventions and the effects they may have on future stand structure. Since the formation of the Forestry Commission in 1919, clearfell-replant forestry has been the main form of management practiced in the UK. CCF management differs in several respects and is commonly practiced using expert knowledge in Continental Europe. In the UK the knowledge-base is still growing and therefore simple models can prove useful for guiding management. This study investigated the use of the idealised reverse-J and the Equilibrium Growing Stock (EGS). This study found that the reverse-J shaped diameter distribution is maintained at the Trial, Block and sub- Block scale indicating that an irregular structure is being approached. In addition, the diminution coefficient, a parameter of the reverse-J distribution, falls within values typical of continental Europe. Comparison of the actual diameter-frequency distribution against an ideal reverse-J distribution can inform both thinning intensity and which diameter classes to target. The EGS, which is a volume–diameter distribution, examines standing volume and how that volume is distributed across three broad diameter classes. Typical distributions from the Swiss Jura indicate that percentage volume should be split 20:30:50 across diameter classes. The EGS analysis showed that standing volume in the Trial Area is much lower than European values at just 174 m3 ha-1. In addition, the classic 20:30:50 percent split was not observed. The 1990 data set showed a 49:43:8 distribution but by 2008 it was 40:41:19. As natural regeneration is favoured in CCF a better understanding of seedling physiology is essential. This study established open (15-35 m2 ha-1) and closed canopy plots (>35 m2 ha-1). Plot characteristics were recorded and then seedlings were selected for physical measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas-exchange measurements. There were clear differences between the physical characteristics with a mean Apical Dominance Ratio (APR) of 1.41 for the open plots and 0.9 for the closed plots which is consistent with previous studies suggesting an APR of 1 is needed for successful regeneration. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed a linear relationship with PAR. However, although the results of the gas-exchange measurements showed an increase in photosynthetic rates with PAR for open plots, there was no obvious relationship in the closed plots. As a result, the study did not find a linear relationship between photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence. Finally a complex, hybrid gap model was used to investigate the effects of management on predicted future stand structure. The hybrid gap model, PICUS v1.41, was parameterised for Sitka spruce. The model was used to explore different management scenarios on stand structure over two time periods; 1954-2008 and 1952- 2075. The output from the group selection with underplanting scenario, which resembled the actual management, produced realistic output that was comparable to the stand characteristics measured during the 2008 assessment. The output from the 1952-2075 runs suggested that thinning to a residual basal area suitable to allow natural regeneration (<30 m2 ha-1) or a group selection with underplanting were the best management options for maintaining structural diversity.
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Safari, Ebrahim. "Study and realization of an all-solid-state infrared absorption spectrometer (ICLAS) based on a continuous wave Cr4+:YAG laser." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10163.

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Hightower, C. Makena. "Continuous diagnostic frequency ultrasound and the microcirculation." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258351.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 29 , 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86).
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Chapelle, Gregory P. "Continuous phase modulation for the indoor wireless channel /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9824644.

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Rivera, G. Angel J. "Reasoning about co-evolving discrete, continuous and hybrid states." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Ma, Chuanhong. "MCE training basd continuous density HMM landmine detection system /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418048.

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Al-Suwailem, Umar A. "Continuous spatial domain image identification and restoration with multichannel applications /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737865.

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Trezzo, Christopher J. "Continuous MapReduce an architecture for large-scale in-situ data processing /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p1477939.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 16, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-51).
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Books on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Schulkin, Jay. The CRF Signal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198793694.001.0001.

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This book discusses just how diverse a peptide corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) is, as demonstrated by its presence in various tissues in the body, including the skin, the placenta, and various regions of the brain. As Dobzhansky (1962) noted, in light of Darwin (1874), and beyond, CRF must be placed in the larger world of regulatory biology. Evolutionary trends do not proceed in a continuous one-dimensional direction; there are starts, turns, and abrupt ends. The study of CRF is mostly about diverse functions in physiological and behavioral regulation of the internal milieu and adapting to an ecological and or social context. The book begins with a depiction of the evolutionary origins of CRF in living things, dating back hundreds of millions of years. The book pushes the conception of CRF beyond the HPA axis and common knowledge. We study the role of CRF in metamorphosis and parturition. Further, CRF is a contributor to fear and anxiety, and the book explains how excessive fear is tied to anxiety disorders and vulnerability to the breakdown of mental and physical health. Also discussed is CRF in approach/avoidance behaviors across pre- and postnatal events. CRF is intimately involved in organ development, but it is also linked to devolution of function and conditions of danger. Cravings, addictions, and how CRF is tied both to the ingestion of diverse drugs and to withdrawal are explored. CRF is considered as an epistemic object, addressing what constitutes an information molecule, in general, and CRF, in particular.
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Wu, Han-Chin. Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity (Crc Series--Modern Mechanics and Mathematics). Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2004.

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Patel, P. J. 8 CFR ++ loose-parts service with continuous quarterly updates: Complete set of INS regulations with index. Legal Research Bureau, 1992.

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Gaddam, Samson Sujit Kumar, and Claudia S. Robertson. Cerebral blood flow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0222.

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Prevention of secondary cerebral ischaemic insults is an important management strategy in acute neurological conditions. Monitoring of cerebral perfusion may aid in early identification of ischaemic insults and help with management. A number of tools are available for this purpose. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the simplest assessment of cerebral perfusion, but in some cases ischaemia can be present even with a normal CPP. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging, either with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging techniques, can provide quantitative regional CBF measurement, but only at a single instance in time. Such studies are valuable in the diagnosis of ischaemia, but are difficult for the management of critically-ill patients. CBF can also be measured within the intensive care unit (ICU), either directly or indirectly through the measurement of cerebral oxygenation. These monitors provide a more continuous measure of CBF, and are more useful in assessing response to treatment. Some of the ICU tools monitor global perfusion and some assess perfusion only in a local area of brain surrounding the monitor. With local monitors, the location of the probe is important for interpretation of the findings.
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Entov, V., and R. Goldstein. Qualitative Methods in Continuum Mechanics (Chapman and Hall /Crc Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics). Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1994.

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Corrà, Ugo, and Bernhard Rauch. Acute care, immediate secondary prevention, and referral. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0021.

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Preventive cardiology (PC), as performed in various cardiac rehabilitation (CR) settings, is effective in reducing recurrent cardiovascular events after both acute coronary syndromes or myocardial revascularization. However, the need for newly structured PC programmes and processes to provide a continuum of care and surveillance from the acute to post-acute phases is evident. Phase I CR serves as a bridge between acute therapeutic interventions and phase II CR. After clinical stabilization, phase I CR ideally provides a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention, including post-acute clinical evaluation and risk assessment, general counselling, supportive counselling, early mobilization, discharge planning, and referral to phase II CR. All these are important and contribute to achieving the preventive target. All the interventions within phase I CR should be supervised and provided in a comprehensive manner involving several healthcare professionals. For explanatory purposes this chapter analyses and describes these components separately.
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Lebedev, Andrei V., m. Belousov, and A. B. Antonevich. Functional Differential Equations: II. C*-Applications Part 1: Equations with Continuous Coefficients (Chapman and Hall /Crc Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics). CRC, 1998.

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Performance Of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements, Vol. VI-CRC Pavement..., FHWA-RD-97-151... U.S. Department Of Trans... 02/99. [S.l: s.n., 1999.

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United States. Federal Highway Administration., ed. PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CON- CRETE PAVEMENTS... VOL. V: MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF CRC PAVEMENTS... PUB. NO. FHWA-RD-98-101... F. [S.l: s.n., 1999.

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Performance Of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements... Vol. IV-Resurfacings For CRC Pavements... Pub. No. FHWA-RD-98-100... U.S. DOT... February 1999. [S.l: s.n., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Desmaison, Alban, Rudy Bunel, Pushmeet Kohli, Philip H. S. Torr, and M. Pawan Kumar. "Efficient Continuous Relaxations for Dense CRF." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2016, 818–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46475-6_50.

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Zhao, Qiyang, Weibo Li, Fan Wang, and Baolin Yin. "Two-Stage Saliency Detection Based on Continuous CRF and Sparse Coding." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 455–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45646-0_47.

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Haycock, G. B. "Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD): The Treatment of Choice in Paediatric Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)." In New Therapeutic Strategies in Nephrology, 395–400. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3884-4_116.

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Zhang, Keke, Xu Chen, Yongjun Jing, Shuyang Wang, and Lijun Tang. "Research on Named Entity Recognition Method of Network Threat Intelligence." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 213–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_16.

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AbstractWith the continuous emergence of new network threat means, how to turn passive defense into active prediction, the rise of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) technology provides a new idea. CTI technology can timely and effectively obtain all kinds of network security threat intelligence information to help security personnel quickly identify all kinds of attacks and make effective decisions in time. However, there are not only a large number of redundant information in threat intelligence information, but also the problems of Chinese English mixing, fuzzy boundary, and polysemy of related security entities. Therefore, identifying complex and valuable information from this information has become a great challenge. Through the research on the above problems, a named entity recognition model in the field of Network Threat Intelligence Based on BERT-BiLSTM-Self-Attention-CRF is proposed to identify the complex network threat intelligence entities in the text. Firstly, the dynamic word vector is obtained through Bert to fully represent the semantic information and solve the problem of polysemy of a word. Then the obtained word vector is used as the input of BiLSTM, and the context feature vector is obtained by BiLSTM. Then the output result is introduced into the self-attention mechanism to capture the correlation within the data or features, and finally the result is input into CRF for annotation. To verify the effectiveness of the model, experiments are carried out on the constructed network threat intelligence data set. The results show that the model significantly improves the effect of Threat Intelligence named entity recognition compared with several other classical models.
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Schütz, Jean-Philippe, Timo Pukkala, Pablo J. Donoso, and Klaus von Gadow. "Historical Emergence and Current Application of CCF." In Continuous Cover Forestry, 1–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6_1.

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Pommerening, Arne, and Günter Wenk. "Preliminary Study for a Flexible Growth Model to Predict the Consequences of CCF in Wales." In Continuous Cover Forestry, 231–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9886-6_18.

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Shen, Dong, and Xuefang Li. "CEF Techniques for Parameterized Nonlinear Continuous-Time Systems." In Iterative Learning Control for Systems with Iteration-Varying Trial Lengths, 163–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6136-4_10.

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Shen, Dong, and Xuefang Li. "CEF Techniques for Nonparameterized Nonlinear Continuous-Time Systems." In Iterative Learning Control for Systems with Iteration-Varying Trial Lengths, 193–224. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6136-4_11.

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Fiedler, Brian. "Continuous adaptation of a curvilinear grid." In CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes, 99–107. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/crmp/016/05.

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Floreanini, Roberto, Jean LeTourneux, and Luc Vinet. "Symmetries and continuous 𝑞-orthogonal polynomials." In CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes, 135–44. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/crmp/022/07.

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Conference papers on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Zweig, Geoffrey, and Patrick Nguyen. "A segmental CRF approach to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition." In Understanding (ASRU). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asru.2009.5372916.

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Hebert, David, Thierry Paquet, and Stephane Nicolas. "Continuous CRF with Multi-scale Quantization Feature Functions Application to Structure Extraction in Old Newspaper." In 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.105.

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Lai, Ya-ping, Xiao-hu Chen, and Fu-cheng Yan. "Design and Construction of Chongqing Lijia Jialing River Bridge." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0410.

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<p>To achieve a cost-effective, rational, and efficient structural system, two traditional structural systems—a continuous rigid frame (CRF) girder bridge and a deck arch bridge—are combined to form a new bridge type—arch-stiffened girder (ASG) bridge. This bridge type fulfil the innovative and unique requirements for the Chongqing Lijia Jialing river bridge. The ASG bridge combines the simplicity of a girder bridge with the elegance of an arch bridge. In terms of structural behaviours, the ASG bridge utilizes the arch to assist the main girder and forms a self-balancing system, significantly reducing the mid-span and side-span girder lengths, and thus optimizing structural performance through increased vertical stiffness and effective control of long-term deflection. This article discusses the major components of the Chongqing Lijia Jialing river bridge's design, construction, load capacity testing, and effects upon completion.</p>
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Yongblah, F., A. O’Sullivan, J. Guiver, E. Cloutman-Green, and J. Hartley. "097 Unexpected detection of VRE as a consequence of enhanced CRE screening." In Great Ormond Street Hospital Conference 2018: Continuous Care. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/goshabs.97.

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Kück, S., E. Heumann, T. Kärner, and A. Maaroos. "Continuous wave laser oscillation of Cr3+:MgO." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.1999.pd6.

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Demirbas, U., A. Sennaroglu, N. Vermeulen, H. Ottevaere, and H. Thienpont. "Continuous-wave fiber-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser." In Photonics Europe, edited by Alphan Sennaroglu. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.661725.

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Nakrani, M., E. Cloutman-Green, F. Yongblah, and F. Asadi. "049 Validation and application of new rapid laboratory diagnostic techniques to allow for the prevention, spread and transmission of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) within a specialist paediatric hospital." In Great Ormond Street Hospital Conference 2018: Continuous Care. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/goshabs.49.

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Evans, J. M., V. Petričević, A. B. Bykov, and R. R. Alfano. "Continuous-Wave All-Solid-State Laser Operation of Cr4+: Forsterite and Cr4+:Ca2GeO4." In Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers: Applications and Issues. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dlai.1998.cw3.

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Sorokina, Irina T., Evgeni Sorokin, Sergey Mirov, Vladimir Fedorov, Valery Badikov, Vladimir Panyutin, Alberto Di Lieto, and Mauro Tonelli. "Tunable continuous-wave room-temperature Cr2+:ZnS laser." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2002.wa5.

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Armstrong, Connor D., Thomas Carlacci, and David Bigio. "Control of Continuous Polymer Compounding Fuse Filament Modeling." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87114.

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Controlled processing of carbon microfiber (CMF) reinforced polymers widens control of material properties of fabricated parts. Continuous transfer from compounding to Fused Filament Modeling (FFM) platform brings this advantage to additive manufacturing. CMF reinforced composites are compounded using a co-rotating twin screw extrusion machine (CoTSE). Controlled, direct transfer from the CoTSE to FFM is accomplished using a mechanical system comprised of interconnected feedback control subsystems. Controlled transfer of CMF reinforced composite polymers is studied over a selected range of temperatures, volumetric flow conditions, and microfiber weight fractions using the system. Characteristics of the produced materials are discussed with respect to CMF weight fractions and processing conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Continuous CRF"

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Xie, Shaocheng, R. T. Cederwall, J. Yio, and M. Zhang. Developing Continuous SCM/CRM Forcing Using NWP Products Constrained by ARM Observations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013428.

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Lines, Lisa M., Florence K. L. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, and Sujha Subramanian. People with Colorectal Cancer in SEER-Medicare: Part D Uptake, Costs, and Outcomes. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0037.2005.

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Limited information exists about enrollment in Part D prescription coverage by Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Part D coverage may increase access to medicines. This study evaluated patterns of Part D uptake and costs and assessed the effects of coverage on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among people with colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with at least 36 months of follow-up who were diagnosed with CRC at any point from January 2007 through December 2010, and a matched cohort of beneficiaries without cancer. Dual (Medicare/Medicaid) enrollees were excluded because they are automatically enrolled in Part D. Among beneficiaries with CRC (n=12,774), 39 percent had complete Part D coverage, defined as coverage in the diagnosis year and 2 subsequent years; the rate was 38 percent in the matched comparison cohort (P=.119). Among those with complete Part D coverage, there was no significant difference in annual prescription drug costs between people with CRC ($3,157, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $3,098–$3,216) and without ($3,113, 95% CI: $3,054–$3,172). Among people with CRC, odds of ED use ranged from unchanged to marginally higher for those with no or partial Part D coverage, (adjusted odds ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18), compared with those with complete Part D coverage. Lack of continuous Part D coverage was associated with more ED use among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with CRC in 2007–2013. Among people with Part D coverage, prescription drug costs varied little between those with CRC and matched beneficiaries without cancer.
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Cotrell, J. Motion Technologies CRADA CRD-03-130: Assessing the Potential of a Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009604.

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Kantelo, M. V., and B. S. Crandall. The legacy of Cf-252 operations at Savannah River Technology Center: Continuous releases of radioiodine to the atmosphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149354.

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Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.
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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera, and Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.

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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.
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Inter-American Development Bank Group Climate Change Action Plan 2021-2025. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003153.

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The Climate Change Action Plan describes the IDB Groups progress since 2016 to support the regions need for low-carbon and climate-resilient development finance and its plan to raise climate ambition continuously in the region. The Second Update to the Institutional Strategy specifies that cross cutting issues, including climate change, continue to hamper development and that the IDB Group will renew its commitment to address them. The climate-finance goal set in the Bahamas Resolution has been extended through its inclusion in the IDB Group Corporate Results Framework 2020- 2023 (CRF 20202023).5 At the same time, all MDBs have committed to complement tracking of their financial contributions to climate action with a new approach focused on the consistency of their support with long-term decarbonization and climate resilience efforts. To this end, MDBs have outlined a common approach to support countries to deliver on their commitments under the PA. There has also been increasing recognition of the need to measure the results of the IDB Groups climate action and the complexity it entails.
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