Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contingent capture of attention

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Contingent capture of attention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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Remington, Roger W., Charles L. Folk, and John P. Mclean. "Contingent attentional capture or delayed allocation of attention?" Perception & Psychophysics 63, no. 2 (February 2001): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194470.

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Leblanc, Émilie, David J. Prime, and Pierre Jolicoeur. "Tracking the Location of Visuospatial Attention in a Contingent Capture Paradigm." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 4 (April 2008): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20051.

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Currently, there is considerable controversy regarding the degree to which top-down control can affect attentional capture by salient events. According to the contingent capture hypothesis, attentional capture by a salient stimulus is contingent on a match between the properties of the stimulus and top-down attentional control settings. In contrast, bottom-up saliency accounts argue that the initial capture of attention is determined solely by the relative salience of the stimulus, and the effect of top-down attentional control is limited to effects on the duration of attentional engagement on the capturing stimulus. In the present study, we tested these competing accounts by utilizing the N2pc event-related potential component to track the locus of attention during an attentional capture task. The results were completely consistent with the contingent capture hypothesis: An N2pc wave was elicited only by distractors that possessed the target-defining attribute. In a second experiment, we expanded upon this finding by exploring the effect of target-distractor similarity on the duration that attention dwells at the distractor location. In this experiment, only distractors possessing the target-defining attribute (color) captured visuospatial attention to their location and the N2pc increased in duration and in magnitude when the capture distractor also shared a second target attribute (category membership). Finally, in three additional control experiments, we replicated the finding of an N2pc generated by distractors, only if they shared the target-defining attribute. Thus, our results demonstrate that attentional control settings influence both which stimuli attract attention and to what extent they are processed.
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Chua, F. "Non-contingent attention capture by an onset." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (August 2, 2010): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.112.

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Zivony, Alon, and Dominique Lamy. "Contingent Attentional Engagement: Stimulus- and Goal-Driven Capture Have Qualitatively Different Consequences." Psychological Science 29, no. 12 (October 4, 2018): 1930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618799302.

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We examined whether shifting attention to a location necessarily entails extracting the features at that location, a process referred to as attentional engagement. In three spatial-cuing experiments ( N = 60), we found that an onset cue captured attention both when it shared the target’s color and when it did not. Yet the effects of the match between the response associated with the cued object’s identity and the response associated with the target (compatibility effects), which are diagnostic of attentional engagement, were observed only with relevant-color onset cues. These findings demonstrate that stimulus- and goal-driven capture have qualitatively different consequences: Before attention is reoriented to the target, it is engaged to the location of the critical distractor following goal-driven capture but not stimulus-driven capture. The reported dissociation between attentional shifts and attentional engagement suggests that attention is best described as a camera: One can align its zoom lens without pressing the shutter button.
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Huang, Wanyi, Yuling Su, Yanfen Zhen, and Zhe Qu. "The role of top-down spatial attention in contingent attentional capture." Psychophysiology 53, no. 5 (February 16, 2016): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12615.

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Reeck, Crystal, Kevin S. LaBar, and Tobias Egner. "Neural Mechanisms Mediating Contingent Capture of Attention by Affective Stimuli." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 5 (May 2012): 1113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00211.

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Attention is attracted exogenously by physically salient stimuli, but this effect can be dampened by endogenous attention settings, a phenomenon called “contingent capture.” Emotionally salient stimuli are also thought to exert a strong exogenous influence on attention, especially in anxious individuals, but whether and how top–down attention can ameliorate bottom–up capture by affective stimuli is currently unknown. Here, we paired a novel spatial cueing task with fMRI to investigate contingent capture as a function of the affective salience of bottom–up cues (face stimuli) and individual differences in trait anxiety. In the absence of top–down cues, exogenous stimuli validly cueing targets facilitated attention in low-anxious participants, regardless of affective salience. However, although high-anxious participants exhibited similar facilitation following neutral exogenous cues, this facilitation was completely absent following affectively negative exogenous cues. Critically, these effects were contingent on endogenous attentional settings, such that explicit top–down cues presented before the appearance of exogenous stimuli removed anxious individuals' sensitivity to affectively salient stimuli. fMRI analyses revealed a network of brain regions underlying this variability in affective contingent capture across individuals, including the fusiform face area (FFA), posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex, and SMA. Importantly, activation in the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex and the SMA fully mediated the effects observed in FFA, demonstrating a critical role for these frontal regions in mediating attentional orienting and interference resolution processes when engaged by affectively salient stimuli.
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Du, Feng, Yue Yin, Yue Qi, and Kan Zhang. "Contingent orienting or contingent capture: A size singleton matching the target–distractor size relation cannot capture attention." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 21, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0567-0.

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Wang, L., and S. B. Most. "Is contingent attentional capture not contingent on working memory?" Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 20, 2010): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.1121.

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Serences, John T., Sarah Shomstein, Andrew B. Leber, Xavier Golay, Howard E. Egeth, and Steven Yantis. "Coordination of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Attentional Control in Human Cortex." Psychological Science 16, no. 2 (February 2005): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00791.x.

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Visual attention may be voluntarily directed to particular locations or features (voluntary control), or it may be captured by salient stimuli, such as the abrupt appearance of a new perceptual object (stimulus-driven control). Most often, however, the deployment of attention is the result of a dynamic interplay between voluntary attentional control settings (e.g., based on prior knowledge about a target's location or color) and the degree to which stimuli in the visual scene match these voluntary control settings. Consequently, nontarget items in the scene that share a defining feature with the target of visual search can capture attention, a phenomenon termed contingent attentional capture. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that attentional capture by target-colored distractors is accompanied by increased cortical activity in corresponding regions of retinotopically organized visual cortex. Concurrent activation in the temporo-parietal junction and ventral frontal cortex suggests that these regions coordinate voluntary and stimulus-driven attentional control settings to determine which stimuli effectively compete for attention.
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Schönhammer, Josef G., and Dirk Kerzel. "Detection costs and contingent attentional capture." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1248-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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Roper, Zachary Joseph Jackson. "The manifold role of reward value on visual attention." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2005.

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The environment is abundant with visual information. Each moment, this information competes for representation in the brain. From billboards and pop-up ads to smart phones and flat screens, in modern society our attention is constantly drawn from one salient object to the next. Learning how to focus on the objects that are most important for the current task is a major developmental hurdle. Fortunately, rewards help us to learn what is important by providing feedback signals to the brain. Sometimes, in adolescence for example, reward seeking can become the pre-potent response. This can ultimately lead to risky and impulsive behaviors that have devastating consequences. Until recently, little has been known about how rewards operate to influence the focus of attention. In this document, I first demonstrate the robustness of various behavioral paradigms designed to measure reward processing in vision. I found that even mundane rewards, such as images of money, are effective enough to prime the attentional system on the basis of value. Remarkably, this effect extended to images of Monopoly money. This observation suggests that whole classes of visual stimuli, such as food, pornography, commercial logos, corporate brands, or money, each with its own reward salience value, are likely vying for representation in the brain. This work has implications for the growing digital economy as it suggests that novel value systems, such as the digital currency Bitcoin, could eventually become as psychologically relevant as physical currency provided sufficient use and exposure. Likewise, this work has implications for gamification in the industrial setting. Next, I examined the sensitivity of the system to make optimal economic decisions. When faced with an economic choice normative theories of decision-making suggest that the economic actor will choose the response that affords the greatest expected utility. Contrary to this account, I developed a new behavioral paradigm (reward contingent capture) and reveal that the attentional homunculus is a fuzzy mathematician. Specifically, I found that low-level attentional processes conform to the same probability distortions observed in prospect theory. This finding supports a unified value learning mechanism across several domains of cognition and converges with evidence from monkey models. Then, I demonstrate the influence of rewards on high-order search parameters. I found that images of money can implicitly encourage observers to preferentially adopt one of two search strategies – one that values salience versus one that values goals. Together, my results expose two distinct ways in which the very same rewards can affect attentional behavior – by tuning the salience of specific features and by shaping global search mode settings. Lastly, I draw from my empirical results to present a unified model of the manifold role of rewards on visual attention. This model makes clear predictions for clinical applications of rewarded attention paradigms because it incorporates a dimension of complexity upon which learning processes can operate on attention. Thus, future work should acknowledge how individual traits such as developmental trajectory, impulsivity, and risk-seeking factors differentially interact with low- and high-level attentional processes. In sum, this document puts forward the notion that rewards serve a compelling role in visual awareness. The key point however is not that rewards can have an effect on attention but that due to the nature of visual processing, reward signals are likely always tuning attention. In this way we can consider reward salience an attentional currency. This means then that deciding where to attend is a matter of gains and losses.
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Arexis, Mahé. "La capture attentionnelle : «transposabilité » du phénomène du laboratoire au monde réel." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC010/document.

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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la littérature scientifique traitant de la capture attentionnelle a mis en évidence, à l’aide de paradigmes expérimentaux testés en laboratoire, un certain nombre de processus attentionnels fondamentaux. Bien que les résultats obtenus « en laboratoire » à partir de stimuli visuellement « simples » méritent encore d’être investigués, depuis quelques années se pose la question de la « transposabilité » de ces observations à des objets et des situations issus du monde réel. Les phénomènes observés en laboratoire à partir d’un matériel visuellement simple sont-ils transposables à des situations, complexes, de la vie quotidienne ? Afin de répondre à cette question, nous avons créé et testé différentes conditions proches de celles du monde réel,notamment en expérimentant en situation de double-tâche, en utilisant un matériel visuellement complexe extrait du monde réel (c.-à-d. des photographies de conduite automobile), en faisant varier la fréquence d’apparition de l’élément distracteur ou bien encore en testant une nouvelle caractéristique du distracteur, la dimension sémantique. Nos résultats révèlent les conditions d’apparition du phénomène de capture attentionnelle dans des situations s’approchant de celles du monde réel. Nous avons tout particulièrement détaillé dans cet ouvrage le cas de l’effet de capture attentionnelle contingente, phénomène majeur et robuste de la capture attentionnelle, y compris dans des situations visuellement complexes
During the last two decades, studies about attentional capture revealed some major basic attentional processes by using several experimental paradigms. While further investigations need to be conducted by using simple visual stimuli, a raising question concerns the possibility to generalize laboratory findings to much more complex real-world situations. Indeed, basic attentional capture studies usually use simple stimuli while real-world displays are generally rich in visual information. To answer this issue, we conducted several experiments under close to real-world conditions, such as testingdual task situations, using complex visual stimuli from real-world situations (e.g. driving-scenes photographs), modulating the distractor frequency or testing attentional capture at a semantic and conceptual dimension. Our results revealed the conditions in which the attentional capture phenomenon occurs in close to real-world situations. We particularly discussed in our work the contingent attentional capture phenomenon which appears to be a strong and robust effect, in both laboratory and close to real-world situations
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Irons, Jessica. "Facial attraction: do emotional expressions really capture attention? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19240.pdf.

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Sunny, Meera Mary. "Attention capture by multiple events using dynamic displays." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50029/.

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Being able to select relevant visual information from among irrelevant information is critical for the successful accomplishment of many day to day activities. However, the locus of attentional selection is not always under the control of the observer. Certain events and stimuli in the visual environment have been shown to control selection against observers’ intentions and goals. These are said to capture attention in an automatic and stimulus driven manner. The events and stimuli that capture attention can be static (colour, shape, size, etc.) or dynamic (motion, flicker, etc.). This thesis examines the effect of dynamic stimuli on attentional selection by using a visual search paradigm. The findings suggest that neither motion per se nor the onset of motion captures attention. They also suggest that when low refresh rate motion is used, capture occurs, but this effect cannot be attributed to capture by motion onset (Chapter 3). Further, the second study suggests that attention capture is observed using low refresh rate motion onsets because they are not masked as compared with the static items in the display. Thus capture is put down to a relatively better visual quality and stimulus encoding rather than motion (Chapter 4). The findings from this thesis also suggests that when back and forth oscillatory motion is used, capture re-emerges, but this effect is best attributed to a change in direction that happens to be temporally unique (Chapter 5). Another important finding is that in attention capture by abrupt onset, only one onset is prioritised in search (Chapter 6). The findings overall argue for a strong role of low level factors in attention capture by dynamic stimuli.
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Spurrier, Graham. "Consonant and dissonant music chords improve visual attention capture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2125.

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Recent research has suggested that music may enhance or reduce cognitive interference, depending on whether it is tonally consonant or dissonant. Tonal consonance is often described as being pleasant and agreeable, while tonal dissonance is often described as being unpleasant and harsh. However, the exact cognitive mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We hypothesize that tonal dissonance may increase cognitive interference through its effects on attentional cueing. We predict that (a) consonant musical chords are attentionally demanding, but (b) dissonant musical chords are more attentionally demanding than consonant musical chords. Using a Posner cueing task, a standard measure of attention capture, we measured the differential effects of consonant chords, dissonant chords, and no music on attentional cueing. Musical chords were presented binaurally at the same time as a visual cue which correctly predicted the spatial location of a subsequent target in 80% of trials. As in previous studies, valid cues led to faster response times (RTs) compared to invalid cues; however, contrary to our predictions, both consonant and dissonant music chords produced faster RTs compared to the no music condition. Although inconsistent with our hypotheses, these results support previous research on cross-modal cueing, which suggests that non-predictive auditory cues enhance the effectiveness of visual cues. Our study further demonstrates that this effect is not influenced by auditory qualities such as tonal consonance and dissonance, suggesting that previously reported cognitive interference effects for tonal dissonance may depend on high-level changes in mood and arousal.
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Roeder, Megan B. "Emotional influences on cross-modal attentional capture." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1827435611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ester, Edward T. "Spatial capture following attentional engagement particular to certain classes of stimuli? /." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1435583.

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Fleming, Jennifer L. "The effect of age and stimulus novelty on attentional capture." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564034351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Marsja, Erik. "Attention capture by sudden and unexpected changes : a multisensory perspective." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141852.

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The main focus for this thesis was cross-modal attention capture by sudden and unexpected sounds and vibrations, known as deviants, presented in a stream the same to-be-ignored stimulus. More specifically, the thesis takes a multisensory perspective and examines the possible similarities and differences in how deviant vibrations and sounds affect visual task performance (Study I), and whether the deviant and standard stimuli have to be presented within the same modality to capture attention away from visual tasks (Study II). Furthermore, by presenting spatial deviants (changing the source of the stimuli from one side of the body to the other) in audiotactile (bimodal), tactile, and auditory to-be-ignored, it explores whether bimodal stimuli are more salient compared to unimodal (Study III). In addition, Study III tested the claims that short-term memory is domain-specific. In line with previous research, Study I found that both auditory and tactile deviants captured attention away from the visual task. However, the temporal dynamics between the two modalities seem to differ. That is, it seems like practice causes the effect of vibratory deviants to reduce, whereas this is not the case for auditory deviants. This suggests that there are central mechanisms (detection of the change) and sensory-specific mechanisms. Study II found that the deviant and standard stimuli must be presented within the same modality. If attention capture by deviants is produced by a mismatch within a neural model predicting upcoming stimuli, the neural model is likely built on stimuli within each modality separately. The results of Study III revealed that spatial and verbal short-term memory are negatively affected by a spatial change in to-be-ignored sequences, but only when the change is within a bimodal sequence. These results can be taken as evidence for a unitary account of short-term memory (verbal and spatial information stored in the same storage) and that bimodal stimuli may be integrated into a unitary percept that make any change in the stream more salient.
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Marsja, Erik. "Attention Capture : Studying the Distracting effect of One´s Own Name." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46607.

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This study examined the attention capturing effect by one’s own name using a cross-modal oddball task. It was hypothesized that one’s own name would yield more distraction than a familiar name and a random name. Twenty-one participants (mean = 23.48 year) took part in the experiment. A standard sound and three deviant sounds were used (own name, a familiar name and a random name). The results revealed that the deviant sounds yielded longer response times than the standard sound (all p's<.05), a familiar name yielded longer response time than one's own name (p=.036), but, no difference in response latencies between the random name and the other names were found. It’s concluded that the own name may speed up responses due to arousal, while the familiar name on the other hand act more distracting. Lack of power can possibly explain some of the results, and a reaction time task may disentangle possible differences not shown in this study.
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Books on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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name, No. Attraction, distraction and action: Multiple perspectives on attentional capture. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.

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L, Folk Charles, and Gibson Bradley S, eds. Attraction, distraction and action: Multiple perspectives on attentional capture. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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Perfect phrases for sales and marketing copy: Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases to capture your customer's attention and increase your sales. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Callen, Barry. Perfect phrases for sales and marketing copy: Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases to capture your customer's attention and increase your sales. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Theeuwes, Jan. Spatial Orienting and Attentional Capture. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.005.

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The present review discusses basic findings and current controversies regarding spatial orienting and attentional capture. Endogenous and exogenous spatial orienting and their interaction are discussed in relation to recent debates regarding the role of orienting in the preparation of eye movements, in relation to subliminal cueing, and to the debate whether spatial attention is needed for the detection of basic features. The review also discusses whether it is possible to cue a distractor location in order to reduce its effect on target processing. Stimulus-driven attentional capture and contingent capture are discussed in relation to controversies regarding non-spatial filtering, the existence of assumed search modes, and the concept of the attentional window. The review concludes that contingent capture may be nothing other than endogenous orienting.
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Contingent attentional capture: Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Contingent attentional capture: Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Attentional Capture. Psychology Press, 2008.

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Folk, Charles, and Bradley Gibson. Attraction, Distraction and Action: Multiple Perspectives on Attentional Capture. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2001.

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Folk, Charles, and Bradley S. Gibson. Attentional Capture: A Special Issue of Visual Cognition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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Simons, Daniel J., and Stephen R. Mitroff. "The Role of Expectations in Change Detection and Attentional Capture." In Vision and Attention, 189–207. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21591-4_10.

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Davison, Scott A. "Randomness, Causation, and Divine Responsibility." In Abrahamic Reflections on Randomness and Providence, 357–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75797-7_17.

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AbstractMany theists seem committed to the idea that God is responsible to some substantial degree for the occurrence of every contingent event. In this chapter, I explore questions about divine responsibility in cases of free human action and indeterministic processes in nature, with special attention to Michael J. Zimmerman’s work on the nature of shared responsibility.
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Wu, Xiaoli, and Panpan Xu. "Information Visualization Design of Nuclear Power Control System Based on Attention Capture Mechanism." In HCI International 2020 – Late Breaking Papers: Cognition, Learning and Games, 138–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60128-7_11.

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Shepherd, Dean A., and Holger Patzelt. "Attending to the External Environment to Identify Potential Opportunities." In Entrepreneurial Strategy, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78935-0_1.

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AbstractBuilding on a recent study (Shepherd et al. in Strategic Management Journal 38:626–644, 2017), this chapter highlights the importance of noticingopportunities as an initial step toward new venture creation. Unsurprisingly, there has been considerable interest in the processes of allocating attention to notice potential opportunities arising from changes in the external environment. We know a great deal about the role of top-down (i.e., based on knowledge and experience) processes of allocating attention to the environment in forming opportunity beliefs worthy of entrepreneurial action. However, in this chapter, we illustrate how bottom-up processes, whereby environmental changes capture entrepreneurs’ attention, shape opportunity identification. Building on the notion of guided attention, we detail an attention model of forming opportunity beliefs for entrepreneurial action that includes both top-down and bottom-up processes for allocating attention. This chapter explains how entrepreneurs can allocate their transient attention to identify potential opportunities from environmental changes. This chapter also describes how allocating sustained entrepreneurial attention influences belief formation about radicaland incremental opportunities requiring entrepreneurial action.
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Parsanoglou, Dimitris. "Crisis Upon Crisis: Theoretical and Political Reflections on Greece’s Response to the ‘Refugee Crisis’." In IMISCOE Research Series, 241–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_12.

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AbstractIn this chapter, I reflect upon the theoretical and political implications of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ both in terms of governance and sovereignty. The analysis that follows is based on empirical material, namely in-depth semi-structured interviews with different relevant stakeholders, i.e. representatives of authorities, such as the former Ministry of Migration Policy and the Asylum Service, representatives of EU agencies, such as Frontex and DG ECHO, as well as volunteers and activists from Greece and other countries, like Turkey, Spain and the United States of America. I focus on pre-existing and emerging internal contradictions between different actors who have been dealing with refugees. In other words, I try to capture the contingent character of new geographies of control that occurred with the establishment of the ‘hotspot approach,’ in correlation with the shifts in state sovereignty as it has been repositioned through the active involvement of non-state actors – from non-governmental organisations to international organisations and EU agencies – in the refugee/migration management.
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Taylor-Pirie, Emilie. "Epilogue: Pan Narrans." In Empire Under the Microscope, 247–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84717-3_7.

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AbstractIn this epilogue, Taylor-Pirie analyses the ‘heroic biography’ mode that still characterises popular histories of medicine as a legacy of the collision of science and empire at the fin de siècle. After considering the challenges inherent in writing contextual histories of science, and the human penchant for linear story-telling, she broadens her view to take into account political discourses surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic. Taylor-Pirie argues that stories of science and stories of empire shaped each other in ways that are contingent on this historical moment but that continue to inflect and occlude our self-knowledge. She contends that by paying attention to cultural encounters between medicine and the humanities in the past, we gain important insights into the relationship between science and society in the present.
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Khellat-Kihel, Souad, Zhenan Sun, and Massimo Tistarelli. "An Hybrid Attention-Based System for the Prediction of Facial Attributes." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 116–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_9.

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AbstractRecent research on face analysis has demonstrated the richness of information embedded in feature vectors extracted from a deep convolutional neural network. Even though deep learning achieved a very high performance on several challenging visual tasks, such as determining the identity, age, gender and race, it still lacks a well grounded theory which allows to properly understand the processes taking place inside the network layers. Therefore, most of the underlying processes are unknown and not easy to control. On the other hand, the human visual system follows a well understood process in analyzing a scene or an object, such as a face. The direction of the eye gaze is repeatedly directed, through purposively planned saccadic movements, towards salient regions to capture several details. In this paper we propose to capitalize on the knowledge of the saccadic human visual processes to design a system to predict facial attributes embedding a biologically-inspired network architecture, the HMAX. The architecture is tailored to predict attributes with different textural information and conveying different semantic meaning, such as attributes related and unrelated to the subject’s identity. Salient points on the face are extracted from the outputs of the S2 layer of the HMAX architecture and fed to a local texture characterization module based on LBP (Local Binary Pattern). The resulting feature vector is used to perform a binary classification on a set of pre-defined visual attributes. The devised system allows to distill a very informative, yet robust, representation of the imaged faces, allowing to obtain high performance but with a much simpler architecture as compared to a deep convolutional neural network. Several experiments performed on publicly available, challenging, large datasets demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
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Knudson, Haley. "Business Models for Sustainability." In Business Transitions: A Path to Sustainability, 101–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22245-0_10.

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AbstractThe concept of business models for sustainability (BMfS) has attracted research attention in the fields of corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship and management. BMfS are a way of linking sustainable innovation to an organization’s business model, and as a means for management to operationalize sustainable activities and strategies across an organization’s value chain. This chapter provides the history and description of BMfS as both a tool and conceptual logic that divides activities into three components – value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. Practitioner tools are introduced, along with a brief conceptual overview.
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Xu, Yuemei, Zuwei Fan, and Han Cao. "A Multi-task Text Classification Model Based on Label Embedding Learning." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 211–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9229-1_13.

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AbstractDifferent text classification tasks have specific task features and the performance of text classification algorithm is highly affected by these task-specific features. It is crucial for text classification algorithms to extract task-specific features and thus improve the performance of text classification in different text classification tasks. The existing text classification algorithms use the attention-based neural network models to capture contextualized semantic features while ignores the task-specific features. In this paper, a text classification algorithm based on label-improved attention mechanism is proposed by integrating both contextualized semantic and task-specific features. Through label embedding to learn both word vector and modified-TF-IDF matrix, the task-specific features can be extracted and then attention weights are assigned to different words according to the extracted features, so as to improve the effectiveness of the attention-based neural network models on text classification. Experiments are carried on three text classification task data sets to verify the performance of the proposed method, including a six-category question classification data set, a two-category user comment data set, and a five-category sentiment data set. Results show that the proposed method has an average increase of 3.02% and 5.85% in F1 value compared with the existing LSTMAtt and SelfAtt models.
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Fenderson, Jonathan. "Introduction: A Movement Architect." In Building the Black Arts Movement, 1–16. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042430.003.0001.

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On a wintry Monday in December 1969, a small contingent of African American protesters gathered at 1820 South Michigan Avenue just outside the main headquarters of the black-owned Johnson Publishing Company (JPC) in Chicago. Armed with picket signs and protest chants, they dramatically captured the attention of eyewitnesses and bewildered employees inside the building. Included among the demonstrators were several artists, intellectuals, and activists from a variety of local organizations—a genuine cross-section of the Black creative community in the city. In their efforts to seize the attention of JPC’s founding owner and president, John H. Johnson, the group staged the protest with the stated goal to make the company “truly representative of the Black community.”...
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Conference papers on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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Belardinelli, Anna, and Andrea Carbone. "Motion statistics at the saccade landing point: attentional capture by spatiotemporal features in a gaze-contingent reference." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Peter Schelkens, Touradj Ebrahimi, Gabriel Cristóbal, Frédéric Truchetet, and Pasi Saarikko. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.923607.

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Rajendra Sharma, Nikita, Jai Prakash Kushvah, and Gerhard Rinkenauer. "Attention and action preparation during lane change maneuvers: The role of irrelevant information." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002467.

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Safe driving behaviour during lane change is the function of selecting and processing task relevant cues from the ongoing driving environment; enabling the goal-directed preparatory process. Such preparatory information typically facilitates reaction time to the anticipated event. However, it is unclear how the additional information other than task specific cues from the driving environment act on preparatory processes while driving a car. We implemented a pre-cue paradigm in a simulated lane change task (LCT) to answer this question. In contrast to the standard paradigm, additional information was presented either just before the preparatory stimulus (pre-cue) or the target stimulus (pre-target) that was either congruent, incongruent, or neutral to the lane change direction. Reaction time and amplitudes of steering out and in angles (A1 and A2) were measured as dependent variables. Results showed that reaction time and steering in amplitude A2 were increased when the additional information was presented before the final target for intended action and similarly when the additional information presented in the same lane changed direction (congruent). Later one accounts for contingent attentional capture. To accommodate the entire pattern of results observed in the study, we tentatively suggest that any information which is not relevant for the intended action have considerable influence on attention and action preparation on the basis of the temporal and visuo-spatial positioning. A strong effect is found especially at the time of the final determination of the upcoming driving manoeuvre.
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Fouad, Hesham, Ranjeev Mittu, and Derek Brock. "Contingent attention management in multitasked environments." In Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications, edited by Tien Pham. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2524979.

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Ramloll, Rameshsharma, Cheryl Trepagnier, Marc Sebrechts, and Andreas Finkelmeyer. "A gaze contingent environment for fostering social attention in autistic children." In the Eye tracking research & applications symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/968363.968367.

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König, Michael, and Roger Wattenhofer. "Effectively Capturing Attention Using the Capture Effect." In SenSys '16: The 14th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994551.2994560.

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Little, G. E., L. Bonnar, S. W. Kelly, K. S. Lohan, and G. Rajendran. "Gaze contingent joint attention with an avatar in children with and without ASD." In 2016 Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2016.7846780.

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Klein, Lauren, Laurent Itti, Beth A. Smith, Marcelo Rosales, Stefanos Nikolaidis, and Maja J. Mataric. "Surprise! Predicting Infant Visual Attention in a Socially Assistive Robot Contingent Learning Paradigm." In 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ro-man46459.2019.8956385.

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Zhang, Jie, Chuanfa Zhang, Jiangzhou Wang, Qingyue Xiong, Yingtao Zhang, and Wenqiang Zhang. "Attention Driven Self-Similarity Capture for Motion Deblurring." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428104.

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Ying Zheng, E. Su, and J. B. Morrell. "Design and evaluation of pactors for managing attention capture." In 2013 World Haptics Conference (WHC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whc.2013.6548458.

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Mai, Gengchen, Krzysztof Janowicz, Bo Yan, Rui Zhu, Ling Cai, and Ni Lao. "Contextual Graph Attention for Answering Logical Queries over Incomplete Knowledge Graphs." In K-CAP '19: Knowledge Capture Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3360901.3364432.

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Reports on the topic "Contingent capture of attention"

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Johnston, William A., Kevin J. Hawley, Steven H. Plewe, John M. Elliott, and M. J. Dewitt. Attention Capture by Novel Stimuli. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221394.

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Vargas-Riaño, Carmiña Ofelia, and Julian Parra-Polania. Relevance of the collateral constraint form in the analysis of financial crisis interventions. Banco de la República, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1190.

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We combine two modifications to the standard (current and total income) collateral constraint that has been commonly used in models that analyze financial crisis interventions. Specifically, we consider an alternative constraint stated in terms of future and disposable income. We find that in this case a state-contingent debt tax (effective during crisis only, as opposed to a macroprudential tax) increases debt capacity and lowers the probability of crisis. This shows one more instance to call the attention of academics and policymakers to the fact that the specific form of the borrowing constraint is crucial in determining the appropriate crisis intervention.
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Beach, Rachel, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Tax and Governance in the Context of Scarce Revenues: Inefficient Tax Collection and its Implications in Rural West Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.005.

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In recent years, domestic and international policy attention has often focused on broadening the tax base in order to include a greater share of the population in the ‘tax net’. This is based, in part, on the hope that the expansion of taxation will result in positive ‘governance dividends’ for taxpayers. However, the implications of extending the tax base in rural areas in low-income countries has been insufficiently considered. Through the case studies of Togo, Benin, and Sierra Leone, we demonstrate that extending taxation to rural areas is often highly inefficient, leading to few, if any, revenue gains when factoring in the costs of collection. Where revenues exceed the costs of collection, they often only cover local government salaries with little remaining for the provision of public goods and services. The implications of rural tax collection inefficiency are thus significant for revenue mobilisation, governance and public service delivery, accountability relationships with citizens, and taxpayer expectations of the state. Accordingly, we question the rationale for extending taxation to rural citizens in low-income countries. Instead, we argue for a reconceptualisation of the nature of the fiscal social contract, disentangling the concept of the social contract from the individual. Rather, a collective social contract places greater emphasis on the taxation of wealth and redistribution and recognises that basic rights of citizenship are not, or should not, be contingent on paying direct taxes to the government. Rather than expanding taxation, we argue for the expansion of political voice and rights to rural citizens, through a ‘services-first’ approach.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.

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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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