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Academic literature on the topic 'Contingency theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Loveridge, Catherine E. "Contingency Theory." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 18, no. 6 (June 1988): 22???25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198806010-00007.

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Palonen, Kari. "Contingency in Political Theory." Redescriptions: Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/r.3.1.1.

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Tsumoto, Shusaku. "Contingency matrix theory: Statistical dependence in a contingency table." Information Sciences 179, no. 11 (May 13, 2009): 1615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2008.11.023.

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Fry, Louis W., and Deborah A. Smith. "Congruence, Contingency, and Theory Building." Academy of Management Review 12, no. 1 (January 1987): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257998.

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Werlin, Herbert. "Contingency Theory: The Wrong Door." International Review of Administrative Sciences 55, no. 1 (March 1989): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085238905500109.

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Fry, Louis W., and Deborah A. Smith. "Congruence, Contingency, and Theory Building." Academy of Management Review 12, no. 1 (January 1987): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306496.

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McDonough, Jeffrey, and Zeynep Soysal. "Leibniz’s Formal Theory of Contingency." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 21, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02101003.

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This essay argues that, with his much-maligned “infinite analysis” theory of contingency, Leibniz is onto something deep and important – a tangle of issues that wouldn’t be sorted out properly for centuries to come, and then only by some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. The first two sections place Leibniz’s theory in its proper historical context and draw a distinction between Leibniz’s logical and meta-logical discoveries. The third section argues that Leibniz’s logical insights initially make his “infinite analysis” theory of contingency more rather than less perplexing. The last two sections argue that Leibniz’s meta-logical insights, however, point the way towards a better appreciation of (what we should regard as) his formal theory of contingency, and its correlative, his formal theory of necessity.
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Muecke, Stephen. "Contingency theory: The Madagascan experiment." Interventions 6, no. 2 (June 2004): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801042000238337.

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Zulaihah, Ifatun. "CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORY / PENDEKATAN SITUASIONAL." AL-TANZIM : JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 1, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v1i1.29.

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Paper ini mencoba menelaah konsep kepemimpinan situasional yang dipelopori diantaranya oleh Hersey and Blanchard, kemudian berkembang lagi teori Fiedler serta teori Path Goal. Dari teori tersebut masing-masing menganalisis bahwa kepemimpinan tidak hanya terbentuk oleh kepribadian dari pemimpin itu saja, namun kepemimpinan terbentuk dari lingkungan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dari situasi sebuah organisasi agar mencapai tujuan yang dimaksud. Secara singkatnya teori tersebut menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dalam proses mempengaruhi bawahan-bawahannya dengan menggunakan variable-variable yang sudah terukur sedemikian rupa.
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Banalieva, Elitsa R., and Ravi Sarathy. "A Contingency Theory of Internationalization." Management International Review 51, no. 5 (September 10, 2011): 593–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0093-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Burger, Kenneth Kehr Jonathan Wobensmith Brian. "Contingency contracting." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FBurger%5FKehr%5FWobensmith%5fManual.pdf.

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[Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.]
[MBA professional report] [Thesis advisor(s): R. Marshall Engelbeck, Rob B. Tudor.] [Authors: Kenneth Burger, Jonathan Kehr, Brian Wobensmith.] Also available online.
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Jeandrée, Philipp. "Experiencing contingency : towards a political theory of images." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/19192/.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between modern political thinking and aesthetic image-making through the conceptual framework of contingency. The focus on contingency takes account of the ambiguity and indeterminacy of visual perception and offers a language to describe the political potency of visual images in various historical contexts. The political potency of images is understood in terms of their affective intensities and material presence rather than ideological suspicion or propagandist seduction. In so doing, a case is made for reconsidering the traditional image scepticism (or indifference) in political theory and for recognising visual aesthetic practices as distinct modes of political thinking. I interpret political images as gestures towards the complexity and vulnerability of our social arrangements, indicating that the way we see the world, and show it to each other, could always be otherwise. Drawing on rulers’ portraits, war photography and essay films, from the French Revolution to the present time, I show how visual aesthetic practices can reflect, complement and challenge the way we think about political concepts such as sovereignty, accountability or collective agency in different historical moments. Instead of following a modernist belief in the power of art to induce profound social change, this thesis describes the potency of the visual as micropolitical intensities that potentially modify habitual ways of thinking (and acting), provided that aesthetic experiences can connect to already existing moods or dispositions. This micropolitical potency of visual images does not necessarily constitute a particularly strong or reliable politics, but it is exactly its indeterminacy, as well as its constant risk of failure, that harbours the potential to generate new sensibilities towards the world. Taking visual images seriously, not only as worthwhile objects of political research but just as much as distinct modes of thinking, can therefore help us to stronger acknowledge the vital role affective, imaginative and speculative elements have always played for the understanding and justification of our social arrangements.
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Linton, Gabriel. "Entrepreneurial orientation : reflections from a contingency perspective." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46894.

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Entrepreneurship has been argued to be a key driver of the economy by creating jobs, turning inventions to innovations, and also improving the overall standard of life. A firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) indicates the degree to which a firm is entrepreneurial. However, there are several different approaches to conceptualizing the EO concept and its sub-dimensions, frequently described as innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness. The role of the sub-dimensions is not quite clear in the EO literature. Furthermore, many studies claim that firms can increase their performance simply by increasing their EO, while this thesis draws upon contingency theory to argue that EO needs to be aligned with—‘fit’ the internal and external context, if the firm is to perform well. Thus, this thesis aims to advance the conceptualization of EO by problematizing the core construct and also discussing how EO can fit with context. The thesis consists of four papers in which the EO concept is elaborated on and contingency theory is applied to construct conceptual models of the interaction between EO and different contexts, which are also empirically investigated. Furthermore, the sub-dimensions of EO are discussed in terms of their meanings and measurement to point out their individual impact on the EO. The overall findings indicate that EO is not as simple a concept as often portrayed in the EO literature. Rather, EO is more complex in the ways that it can fit with internal and external context and, on these bases, it is suggested that ideal types of EO and context is a way forward for research in the area. Additionally, it is argued that EO as a theoretical construct may not only be conceptualized as an overall entrepreneurial attribute (which is common in the extant literature), but also as a complex and granular attribute.
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Bochner, Gregory. "Naming and contingency : towards an internalist theory of direct reference." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209797.

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This work is an essay on the reference of names in language and thought. According to the Theory of Direct Reference, nowadays dominant in philosophy of language, the semantic content of a proper name is directly its referent (Chapter 1).

Nevertheless, despite its current fame, this theory must face two major difficulties, familiar since Frege and Russell: the Co-Reference and the No-Reference Problems. The traditional response to these problems consisted precisely in abandoning Referentialism in favour of a version of Descriptivism according to which the semantic content of a proper name would be, not its referent, but a descriptive condition (Chapter 2).

However, it is also this traditional version of Descriptivism that the arguments offered by the pioneers of modern Referentialism—including Kripke, Putnam, and Kaplan—have largely discredited (Chapter 3).

The theoretical tools developed within the framework of possible worlds semantics enable to restate the problems generated by Referentialism in terms of the opacity of linguistic intensions and Modal Illusions (Chapter 4).

At this stage, our semantic theory of names seems to have reached a dead end: on the one hand, modern Referentialism recreates the problems which classical Descriptivism was meant to solve, but, on the other hand, this kind of Descriptivism appears to be refuted by the argumentation of new Referentialists. A common reaction, then, has been to devise more complex semantic theories purporting to combine Referentialism with crucial features from Descriptivism. However, a careful examination reveals that the various versions of this strategy fail (Chapter 5).

Another type of reaction, also ecumenical, has been to draw a distinction between two kinds of contents which would be associated with names and the sentences in which these occur: while the first kind of content would be descriptive, the second would be referential. The Two-Dimensionalist framework has received several interpretations (pragmatic, semantic, metasemantic); but a new construal, metasyntactic, is defended in this work (Chapter 6).

The metasyntactic interpretation of Two-Dimensionalism allows for a radical gap between language and thought: while the thoughts of their users can remain descriptive, names are supposed to achieve direct reference by themselves, and independently of the mental states of their users. Hence, names must be regarded as objects living in the external world, on a par with other ordinary objects like trees or chairs, and not as mental objects. An Externalist metaphysics of names is then submitted, as well as a corresponding epistemology, according to which external names are described in the mind through a description of their reference (Chapter 7).

The general strategy pursued in this work amounts to combining a Theory of Direct Reference in language with a Descriptivist (hence, Internalist) account of thought. Also, certain influential arguments — notably devised by Burge — intended to support Mental Referentialism (hence, Externalism) beyond Linguistic Referentialism, are rejected; it is moreover argued that a Non-Descriptivist conception of the mental is incapable of securing the introspective transparency of thoughts, which, however, seems indispensable, among other things in order to solve and even pose the Co-Reference and the No-Reference Problems (Chapter 8).

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Ce travail est un essai sur la référence des noms dans le langage et la pensée. Selon la Théorie de la Référence Directe, aujourd'hui dominante en philosophie du langage, le contenu sémantique d'un nom propre est directement son référent (Chapitre 1).

Or, malgré son succès récent, cette théorie Référentialiste se heurte à deux obstacles majeurs, reconnus depuis Frege et Russell : les Problèmes de la Co-référence et de la Non-Référence. La réponse traditionnelle à ces problèmes consistait précisément à abandonner la conception Référentialiste en faveur d'un Descriptivisme selon lequel le contenu sémantique d'un nom propre serait, non pas son référent, mais une condition descriptive (Chapitre 2).

Toutefois, c'est aussi ce Descriptivisme traditionnel que les arguments formulés par les hérauts du Référentialisme moderne—dont Kripke, Putnam, et Kaplan—ont largement discrédité (Chapitre 3).

Les outils théoriques développés dans le cadre de la sémantique des mondes possibles permettent de reformuler les problèmes générés par le Référentialisme en termes d'opacité des intensions linguistiques et d'Illusions Modales (Chapitre 4).

A ce stade, la théorie sémantique des noms semble dans une impasse : d'une part, le Référentialisme moderne recrée des problèmes que le Descriptivisme classique devait résoudre, mais d'autre part, ce Descriptivisme paraît bel et bien réfuté par l'argumentation des Référentialistes. Aussi, une réaction commune a été de chercher à concilier le Référentialisme et une forme de Descriptivisme au sein d'une même théorie sémantique. Cependant, un examen approfondi révèle que les différentes versions de cette stratégie échouent (Chapitre 5).

Une autre réaction, elle aussi œcuménique, a été d'opérér une distinction entre deux types de contenus qui seraient associés avec les noms et les phrases dans lesquels ceux-ci figurent : le premier contenu serait descriptif, tandis que le second serait référentiel. Le cadre offert par un tel Bi-Dimensionnalisme a reçu plusieurs interprétations très différentes (pragmatique, sémantique, métasémantique) ; mais c'est une nouvelle version, métasyntaxique, qui est défendue dans ce travail (Chapitre 6).

Le Bi-Dimensionalisme métasyntaxique autorise une séparation radicale entre langage et pensée : tandis que les pensées de leurs utilisateurs peuvent rester descriptives, les noms sont censés référer directement par eux-mêmes, indépendamment des états mentaux de leurs utilisateurs. Dès lors, les noms doivent être considérés comme des objets appartenant au monde extérieur, au même titre que des objets ordinaires tels que les arbres ou les chaises, et non comme des objets mentaux. Une métaphysique externaliste des noms est proposée, ainsi qu'une épistémologie assortie, selon laquelle les noms externes sont décrits dans l'esprit à travers une description de leur référence (Chapitre 7).

La stratégie générale qui est défendue dans ce travail revient à combiner une Théorie de la Référence Directe dans le langage avec une conception Descriptiviste (et donc, Internaliste) de la pensée. Aussi, certains arguments influents — émis par notamment Burge — censés établir un Référentialisme non seulement linguistique mais aussi mental (et donc, un Externalisme) sont rejetés ; il est en outre défendu qu'une vision Non-Descriptiviste du mental apparaît incapable de garantir la transparence introspective des pensées, cependant indispensable, notamment pour résoudre et même poser les Problèmes de Co-Référence et de Non-Référence (Chapitre 8).
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Haustein, E. "Management control systems in innovation companies : a contingency theory study." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/23122/.

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Past research has traditionally argued that management control systems (MCS) may present a hindrance to corporate flexibility and creativity. The study’s overall research aim is to explore the contingency factors that influence the intensity of use of MCS in innovation companies. This thesis builds upon existing management control theory, mostly focused on R&D, product development and innovation settings, extended by field observations to identify factors that may influence the intensity of use of MCS categories in innovation companies. The objects of control paradigm, distinguishing between direct and indirect categories of control, is mobilized to test the consequent theoretical model of the impact of external, organisational and innovation related contingency factors on MCS. The model predicts mixed influences on two direct control categories, results control and action control, but stresses the importance of two indirect categories, personnel control and cultural control. Empirical evidence was then collected from a cross-sectional survey of 578 German enterprises in innovation clusters. Statistical analyses, applying partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS, identify several variables as influential factors for the use of MCS in innovation companies. The most important factors are environmental uncertainty and business strategy which were shown to have an impact on all of the control types. Additionally, decentralisation, ownership dispersion and firm size are responsible for a change in three of four MCS types. Other interesting findings are that an increase in innovation capability is not associated with a reduction in results and action control intensity, and is positively related to the application of personnel and cultural control. Furthermore, important sources of finance, venture capital and public funding, are both shown to be positively associated with the application of action control; whereas, contrary to expectation, venture capital is found to be negatively correlated with personnel control. Overall, the results indicate that direct control is as important as indirect control given specific contingency factors. This study synthesises the fragmented literature of MCS contingency research in innovative settings by developing an original contingency model. The thesis adds value by inferring particular forms of management control which may be appropriate in innovative company settings. Thereby, the study contributes to both contingency research and to the knowledge and understanding of management control in innovative settings. It can assist managers by identifying MCS categories that are typically associated with particular influential factors. Further, the study is valuable from a methodological perspective by developing and testing novel constructs for three MCS categories. Beyond the relevance of the results to management control researchers, innovation company managers and policy makers, they also imply avenues for further related investigation.
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Aloini, Sabrina. "Una indagine esplorativa sul reporting behaviours dei comuni italiani : tra legitmacy theory e contingency theory." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/289.

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l'obiettivo principale del presente lavoro non e' definire le caratteristiche del fenomeno del social and enviromental reporting quanto individuare se esistono e quali siano i fattori che influenzano e determinano il contenuto dei report negli enti locali italiani e se il fenomeno del social and enviromental reporting possa essere legato a determinati fattori di performance dimensionali o di contesto. L' indagine ha valenza esplorativa (gli scopi principali di questo tipo di ricerca nella formulazione ipotesi generali riguardo la relazione fra piu' variabili) e comprende lo studio di una regressione stepwise; i risultati delle analisi da un punto di vista generale ci inducono ad affermare che non e' possibile individuare un unico set di fattori o un'unica teoria di riferimento, e' vero, pero', che la contingency theory riesce a spiegare maggiormente i reporting behaviours degli enti locali, si puo' quindi affermare che le due teorie non possono essere utilizzate in maniera esclusiva ma come due approcci complementari allo studio di uno stesso fenomeno.
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Patel, Urvashi B. "Physician Chief Executive Officers and Hospital Performance: A Contingency Theory Perspective." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/4.

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Years ago it was typical for a physician to serve as a hospital's Chief Executive Officer (CEO). However, with the development of Master of Health Administration, Master of Public Health, and Master of Business Administration programs, hospitals began to move away from this model. Today however, as hospitals search for innovative ideas to reduce healthcare costs and improve the quality of care, the idea of the physician hospital CEO has returned. Little empirical research is available in the health services literature on the physician hospital CEO. The study aims to examine the relationship between organizational and environmental factors and physician CEOs, and whether or not physician CEOs are associated with improved hospital performance.The conceptual framework is adapted from Donabedian's structure, process, and outcome perspective, which when applied to the organizational level becomes context design-performance. The theoretical perspective applied to the conceptual framework to guide the development of hypotheses is contingency theory, which suggests that organizations are most successful when they can adapt their structures to fit their environment.Data for this study were obtained from multiple sources: American Hospital Association Annual Survey, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Cost Reports, SK&A, Area Resource File, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Quality Alliance.Besides descriptive analyses, logistic regression was used in this study to evaluate the relationship between the organizational and environmental hospital characteristics. Ordinary least squares regression was used to explore the relationship between physician CEOs and hospital performance.Results indicate that hospitals in markets with greater physician competition are more likely to have physician CEOs. Hospitals that are affiliated with a system are also more likely to have physician CEOs. The study found that while teaching hospitals and specialty hospitals were associated with placement of physician CEOs, it was in the opposite direction of what was hypothesized. This may be a result of the small sample size of both teaching and specialty hospitals in the study sample. The study concludedthat having a physician CEOs is associated with hospital financial outcomes but not associated with its quality of care outcomes.
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Ross, Andrew David. "A model of contingency factors affecting contractors' economic organisation of projects." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2169/.

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The identification of factors that affect the performance of temporary multi disciplinary organisational teams has been a central aim of management research in the construction industry for over 40 years. This study contributes to what is known about the formation of a construction project organisation by identifying the contingent factors that affect contractor's gathering and analysis of price information from supply chain organisations during the ex ante processes to contract formation. The research methodology adopted a combined approach to data collection and analysis, and used a theoretical framework adapted from transaction economics to identify and explicate a model of contingency factors. The research method for data collection in the dominant quantitative first phase used a postal survey of 760 estimators working for contracting organisations in the United Kingdom in December 2003. The resultant data set was analysed using descriptive statistics. A multi variable general linear model and principal component analysis defined the parameters of a model that informed the second phase of data collection and analysis. This model was explicated using a multiple case study approach that gathered and analysed interview data from estimators working for organisations that had been purposively selected. The findings of this research identified the contingency factors that affect contractors', seeking, gathering, analysing and synthesising of supply chain price data, that can be grouped into four categories, which are; external environment, project environment, task environment and inter-organisational relations. The research also found that the existence and strength of effect of the contingency factors was differentiated by organisational size, and identified the factors that may be influenced by the intervention of the client procurement system, (or the organisation) in the ex ante process of supply chain organisation team development.
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Tingbani, Ishmael. "Working capital management and profitability of UK firms : a contingency theory approach." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21785/.

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While the direct impact of working capital management (WCM) and its components (accounts receivable in days (AR), accounts payable in days (AP) and inventory holding period (INV)) on firms’ profitability has been examined in the previous literature, the underlying channels of influence have remained largely unexplored. This study adopts a contingency theory approach to investigate the relationship between WCM and profitability controlling for selected corporate governance and company characteristics. The study has three main objectives. The first objective is to determine the relationship between working capital management and its components (AR, AP and INV) and profitability as per extant research. The second objective of the research is to determine whether the effect of working capital management on profitability of UK firms is contingent on the interaction of environmental (E), resource (R) and management (M) variables. The final objective is to determine whether the effect of the components of working capital management (AR, AP and INV) on profitability of UK firms is contingent on the interaction of ERM variables. These three objectives were met by the use of a panel data methodology on a series of interactive models. The data for the study is based on the annual financial reports of 225 London Stock Exchange listed firms for the period 2001-2011. In terms of the first objective, the study found a significant relationship between WCM and two of its components (AR and AP) and profitability. However, no relationship was found between WCM component (INV) and profitability. In terms of the second objective, the results indicate that the effect of WCM on profitability is significantly moderated by the interaction with ERM variables of the firm. Finally, the results of the third objective indicate that the effect of WCM components (AR, AP and INV) on profitability is significantly moderated by the interaction with ERM of the firm. In terms of the control variables, the study found a statistically significant relationship between the corporate governance factors (Chief Executive Officer (CEO) tenure and board size) and profitability. On the other hand, company specific characteristics variables (company size, financial leverage, assets tangibility liquidity ratio, cash flow and sales growth) were also found to have statistically significant effect on the profitability of firms. On the basis of this, the study concludes that firms can maximise the benefits and minimise the cost of investment in working capital by aligning their working capital management policies with their environment and also arrange their resources internally to support such alignment as postulated in the contingency framework as any misalignment could significantly affect the firms’ performance. As a result, the study suggests the need for policy makers to match organisational resources with opportunities and threats in the general business environment in order to improve their financial performance.
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Ojra, Jafar. "Strategic management accounting practices in Palestinian companies : application of contingency theory perspective." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49725/.

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This study uses a quantitative methodology to explore the impact of contingency factors on use of strategic management accounting techniques (SMA), and combined impact of SMA Usage and contingency factors on organisational performance in a less developed country (LDC) context. The exploratory framework included two main dependent variables, namely SMA Usage and organisational performance. For the former, this study gauged the impact of perceived environmental uncertainty (competitive intensity and market turbulence), business strategy (prospector /defender), organisational structure (formalisation and decentralisation), organisational size and organisational technology on SMA Usage. For the latter, this study explored two dimensions of organisational performance (financial and non-financial) and how the conceptualised dimension(s) of organisational structure, SMA Usage, perceived environmental uncertainty and organisational strategy impact on performance. Data were collected from Palestinian large companies (cross sectors); was used to test the conceptualised framework. The analysis was based on 175 responses, representing a response rate of 43.75%. The SPSS package was used to confirm the reliability and validity of factors and also statistically estimated the association coefficients of the conceptualised relationships in the framework. The findings from this study suggest that the usage of SMA techniques is influenced by a number of factors. These are perceived environmental uncertainty (Market Turbulence) and organisational technology. Also, larger organisations tend to use more SMA techniques than smaller.
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Books on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Lex, Donaldson, ed. Contingency theory. Aldershot, Hants, England: Dartmouth, 1995.

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Lex, Donaldson, ed. Contingency theory. Aldershot, Hants, England: Dartmouth, 1994.

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Ghofar, Abdul, and Sardar M. N. Islam. Corporate Governance and Contingency Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10996-1.

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Quantum mechanics: Historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

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A paradigm theory of existence: Onto-theology vindicated. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002.

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Thomas, Andrew P. Towards a positive contingency theory of corporate reporting. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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Contingency theory: Rethinking the boundaries of social thought. Lanham: University Press of America, 1996.

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Wihl, Gary. The contingency of theory: Pragmatism, expressivism, and deconstruction. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

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Arditi, Benjamín. Polemicization: The contingency of the commonplace. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.

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Jeremy, Valentine, ed. Polemicization: The contingency of the commonplace. New York: New York University Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Iyamu, Tiko. "Contingency theory." In Applying Theories for Information Systems Research, 93–110. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003184119-6.

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Omazić, Mislav Ante, Davor Labaš, and Patricia Uroić. "Contingency Theory." In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_1098-1.

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Scotus, John Duns. "Scotus’ theory of contingency." In Contingency and Freedom, 23–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8275-9_6.

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Roffe, Jon. "Probability and Contingency." In Abstract Market Theory, 9–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137511751_2.

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Otenyo, Eric E. "Contingency Theory of Organizations." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1123–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_58.

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Villoria, Manuel. "Contingency Theory of Leadership." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1117–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2227.

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Villoria, Manuel. "Contingency Theory of Leadership." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2227-1.

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Otenyo, Eric. "Contingency Theory of Organizations." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_58-1.

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Inan, Ilhan. "Necessity and Contingency." In A Referential Theory of Truth and Falsity, 241–49. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165705-21.

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Scotus, John Duns. "The Theory of Synchronic Contingency as a Key to the Lectura." In Contingency and Freedom, 33–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8275-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Shusaku Tsumoto and Shoji Hirano. "Contingency matrix theory." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2007.4413917.

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Boukendour, S. "Estimating software cost contingency using options theory." In International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itcc.2005.147.

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Harremoes, Peter. "Mutual information of contingency tables and related inequalities." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2014.6875279.

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Tang Yan. "Contingency theory, management control systems and strategic human capital resource." In 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5920403.

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Hongbo, Yang, and Liu Fangfang. "Analysis of Bank Performance Appraisal Based on the Contingency Theory." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.236.

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Maharana, Manoj Kumar, and K. Shanti Swarup. "Graph theory based corrective control strategy during single line contingency." In 2009 International Conference on Power Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpws.2009.5442671.

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Chao Xu, Wei Gu, Zhao Luo, Jianguo Yao, Shengchun Yang, and Ke Wang. "A contingency selection approach considering uncertainty based on interval theory." In 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2015.7285844.

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Faustino Agreira, C. I., C. M. Machado Ferreira, J. A. Dias Pinto, and F. P. Maciel Barbosa. "Application of the rough set theory to the steady - state contingency classification." In 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2005.4524734.

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Uesu, Hiroaki. "Contingency Table Analysis Applying Fuzzy Number and Its Application - Needs Analysis for Media Lectures." In 8th International Conference on Fuzzy Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006050600930100.

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Eissa, Radwa, Yasmein Shahin, and Mohamed S. Eid. "Sharing Risk Contingency Costs in Construction Joint Venture Agreements: A Cooperative Game Theory Approach." In Construction Research Congress 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483978.003.

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Reports on the topic "Contingency theory"

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Nissen, Mark E. Command and Control in Virtual Environments: Using Contingency Theory to Understand Organization in Virtual Worlds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada530793.

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Brooks, Johnny W. Army Contingency Forces: What Should They Be? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255146.

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Lehmann, Bruce. Notes for a Contingent Claims Theory of Limit Order Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11533.

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Rao, M. B., P. R. Krishnaiah, and K. Subramanyam. A Structure Theorem on Bivariate Positive Quadrant Dependent Distributions and Tests for Independence in Two-Way Contingency Tables. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169968.

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Urban, Angela, Ioannis Wallingford, Stephen Cosper, Abigail Rice, Whitney Wolf, H. Anderson, Michael Wolford, Chad Gemeinhardt, and David Stokes. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for open-air solid waste burning in contingency locations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45363.

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Service engineer doctrine and field manuals, such as Army Techniques Publication 3-34.40, Technical Manual 5-634, and Army Regulation 420-1, offer guidance on solid waste management but do not provide the level of detail and practical guidance for open-air burning of solid waste to reduce risk to the Warfighter. Studies have shown that there could be ill health effects to service members from exposure to toxins from open-air burning. Further practical guidance is necessary to ensure that if there are no other means available for solid waste disposal, the risks associated with open-air burning are minimized as much as possible during contingency operations. Commands have limited resources and reduced personnel available to study which open-air burning procedures are optimal based on readiness and mission requirements. Planning for efficiency and risk avoidance in open-air burning operations includes several facets (e.g., site planning, processing, and recordkeeping considerations). This special report provides operational guidance to minimize risk of open-air burning for the Warfighter and other joint service personnel, particularly when there is no other alternative to open-air burning, during initial phase operating a burn pit or for waste management planning to establish standard operating procedures.
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Teixeira, Mariana. Vulnerability: A Critical Tool for Conviviality-Inequality Studies. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/teixeira.2022.44.

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The aim of this working paper is to foster the concept of “vulnerability” as a critical tool for social theory in general and conviviality-inequality studies in particular. First, to clarify the concept, an analytical distinction is established between vulnerability as either an experiential structure shared by all persons (constitutive vulnerability) or as historical social injustice that detrimentally impacts some more than others (contingent vulnerability). The paper then explores the contrast between approaches to epistemic injustice theory and standpoint epistemology as two opposing views with regard to the political and epistemic potential of vulnerability. From this contrast, finally, a critique of one-sided conceptions shows us that, for vulnerability to have a productive and critical use, it must be grasped as fraught with ambiguity, implying both a contingent risk of subjection and a constitutive opening to otherness. It is this ambiguity that makes vulnerability a useful conceptual tool for grasping conviviality as inextricably connected to inequality
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Moxham-Hall, Vivienne, Anton du Toit, and Deshanie Rawlings. Clinical interventions for e-cigarette cessation in young people: an Evidence Snapshot brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/fyfv7482.

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Key messages • We found that there are limited studies analysing the effectiveness of e-cigarette cessation interventions in a clinical setting and of those that do exist the sample sizes are small, and the studies are underpowered to make any confident assessment of their effectiveness. • Clinical interventions appropriate for young people included nonpharmacologic interventions such as contingency management and behavioural counselling while NRT may be an effective pharmacologic intervention. • There was limited evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioural counselling as a stand-alone cessation strategy, but it may be effective in conjunction with other approaches. • Emerging evidence suggests that digital cessation interventions (i.e. text message or app-based delivery) may be the preferred mode of delivery for young people, however, their effectiveness in maintaining abstinence is yet to be confirmed. • Evidence suggests there is a need to quantify and create a consistent measure of nicotine intake to appropriately inform clinical treatment decisions. • Studies are generally very low quality, and it is not possible nor is it appropriate to make any definitive conclusions.
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Al-Chaar, Ghassan K., Peter B. Stynoski, Todd S. Rushing, Lynette A. Barna, Jedadiah F. Burroughs, John L. Vavrin, and Michael P. Case. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Materials and Testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39721.

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Complex military operations often result in U.S. forces remaining at deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustaina-ble facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward-deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustaina-ble operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that require a redesign of the types and characteristics of the structures constructed, that reduce the resources required to build, and that decrease the resources needed to operate and maintain the completed facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capa-bility to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for con-struction applications. This report, which documents ACES materials and testing, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and its associated results. There major areas include System Require-ments, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.
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Berney, Ernest, Naveen Ganesh, Andrew Ward, J. Newman, and John Rushing. Methodology for remote assessment of pavement distresses from point cloud analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40401.

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The ability to remotely assess road and airfield pavement condition is critical to dynamic basing, contingency deployment, convoy entry and sustainment, and post-attack reconnaissance. Current Army processes to evaluate surface condition are time-consuming and require Soldier presence. Recent developments in the area of photogrammetry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) enable rapid generation of three-dimensional point cloud models of the pavement surface. Point clouds were generated from data collected on a series of asphalt, concrete, and unsurfaced pavements using ground- and aerial-based sensors. ERDC-developed algorithms automatically discretize the pavement surface into cross- and grid-based sections to identify physical surface distresses such as depressions, ruts, and cracks. Depressions can be sized from the point-to-point distances bounding each depression, and surface roughness is determined based on the point heights along a given cross section. Noted distresses are exported to a distress map file containing only the distress points and their locations for later visualization and quality control along with classification and quantification. Further research and automation into point cloud analysis is ongoing with the goal of enabling Soldiers with limited training the capability to rapidly assess pavement surface condition from a remote platform.
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Aked, Jody. Supply Chains, the Informal Economy, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.006.

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As a cohort of people, ‘children in work’ have become critical to the everyday functioning of diverse supply chain systems. This Working Paper considers diverse commodity chains (leather, waste, recycling and sex) to explore the business realities that generate child labour in its worst forms. A review of the literature finds that occurrence of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in supply chain systems is contingent on the organising logics and strategies adopted by actors in both the formal and informal economies. Piecing together the available evidence, the paper hypothesises that a supply chain system is sensitive to the use of WFCL when downward pressure to take on business risk cannot be matched by the economic resilience to absorb that risk. Emergencies and persistent stressors may increase risk and reduce resilience, shifting norms and behaviour. There is a need for further work to learn from business owners and workers in the informal economy.
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