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Journal articles on the topic 'Continental shelf'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Feng, LiCheng, and JiPing Chao. "Continental shelf waves forced by nonlinear continental shelf topography." Science China Earth Sciences 55, no. 10 (July 17, 2012): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4463-7.

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2

Gordon, R. Lee, and John M. Huthnance. "Storm-driven continental shelf waves over the Scottish continental shelf." Continental Shelf Research 7, no. 9 (September 1987): 1015–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(87)90097-5.

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3

Fuad Hasanova, Gulzar. "Kontinental şelfin tarixi və kontinental şelfin delimitasiyasının beynəlxalq hüquqi prinsipləri." SCIENTIFIC WORK 78, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/78/114-119.

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States are interested in defining and recognizing shelf rights in order to acquire real and potential continental shelf resources. However, previously there was no agreed method on how to determine the outer boundaries of the shelf. Even after the Truman Proclamation of 1945, states did not use the term "continental shelf" in the same sense. The principles of international law on maritime delimitation at the crossroads of political, legal and technical knowledge play an important role in resolving many disputes in this area. Key words: shelf, legal regime, delimitation, principles Gülzar Fuad qızı Həsənova Kontinental şelfin tarixi və kontinental şelfin delimitasiyasının beynəlxalq hüquqi prinsipləri Xülasə Real və potensial kontinental şelf sərvətlərini əldə etmək məqsədilə dövlətlər şelf hüquqlarını müəyyən edilməsində və tanınmasında maraqlıdırlar. Lakin əvvəllər şelfin xarici sərhədlərinin necə müəyyən ediləcəyi ilə bağlı razılaşdırılmış üsul yox idi. Hətta 1945-ci il Trumen bəyannaməsindən sonra dövlətlər “kontinental şelf” terminini eyni mənada istifadə etmirdilər. Siyasət, hüquq və texniki biliklərin kəsişməsində olan dəniz delimitasiyasına dair beynəlxalq hüququn prinsipləri bu sahədə bir çox mübahisələrin həllində mühüm rol oynayır. Açar sözlər: şelf, hüquqi rejim, delimitasiya, prinsiplər
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4

Bernard, Leonardo. "The Problem with the Concept of ‘Single Continental Shelf’." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-07010005.

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Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has established one legal limit of the continental shelf at 200 M. However, it set out another limit for situations when the extent of the actual or ‘physical’ continental shelf may be greater than 200 M. Despite these distinctions, the concept of the ‘single continental shelf’ has gained traction, particularly in international jurisprudence. This article challenges the idea that there is only a ‘single continental shelf’. The article will first explore the history of the continental shelf regime, before examining the emergence of the concept of a ‘single continental shelf’, how the concept was used and the context of its usage. Then the article will analyse the differences between the inner and outer continental shelf, including the relevance of the principle of natural prolongation. The article will finally answer the question of whether the phrase ‘single continental shelf’ is an accurate term to describe the continental shelf regime.
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5

Roy, Denis. "The Legal Continental Shelf: The Surprising Canadian Practice Regarding Oil and Gas Development in the Atlantic Coast Continental Shelf." Alberta Law Review 50, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr268.

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Actions of the Government of Canada and the governments of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, such as interprovincial delimitation of the continental shelf, exclusive exploitation of continental shelf resources, and exclusion of all or part of the revenues generated by these resources from equalization calculations, create the impression of provincial ownership of the continental shelf. This is not the case. In fact, contrary to widely held views, the continental shelf belongs to no one. International law does not grant coastal states sovereignty over the continental shelf. Instead, it grants sovereign rights to explore and exploit the continental shelf. These rights, born of a process of political compromise, belong to the federal government. Consequently, the most common argument for excluding non-renewable resources from equalization calculations (namely, that they belong to the provinces) cannot apply to continental shelf resources. The Canadian practice regarding oil and gas development in the Atlantic coast continental shelf is, from both a legal and political standpoint, all the more surprising given that the Canadian federation is said to be held together by the principle of equalization.
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6

Verhaegen, Marc, and Stephen Munro. "The Continental Shelf Hypothesis." Nutrition and Health 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010600201600107.

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7

Ghaffari, Peygham, Jan Erik H. Weber, Ole Anders Nøst, and Magnus Drivdal. "Stokes Drift in Topographic Waves over an Enclosed Basin Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 5 (May 2020): 1197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0126.1.

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AbstractThe effect of the continental shelf wave on the flow field over the southern shelf of the Caspian Sea (CS) as the largest enclosed basin of the world, is investigated. Considerable currents with subinertial time scales are observed over the continental shelf in the southern CS. For variations in the surface layer with typical periods of 1 day, local episodic wind events appear to be the driving force. For longer time scales, it is suggested that the observed currents are due to passing continental shelf waves. Measurements over the continental shelf and shelf slope, showing periods of 2–6 days, indicate the presence of such waves. Combined with theory and numerical modeling, the amplitude of the continental shelf wave modes at the coast is assessed from current meter observations. It is demonstrated that the mean drift velocity (the Stokes drift) for long continental shelf waves is determined entirely by the shelf geometry. For the actual shelf mode, it is shown that the associated Stokes drift constitute a nonnegligible mean current along the shelf. This current should be taken into account when assessing the transport of biological material and neutral tracers along the southern coast of the CS.
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8

Irfansyah, Achmad Indra. "Keberlakuan Pengaturan Landas Kontinen Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia dan United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982)." Jurist-Diction 4, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jd.v4i5.29816.

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AbstractIndonesia has taken steps to adjust its laws and regulations regarding maritime law with UNCLOS 1982, with the establishment of Law Number 6 of 1996 On Indonesian Waters however, this step not yet followed by adjustments to the laws regarding continental shelf, namely Law Number. 1 of 1973 On Indonesian Continental Shelf. The purpose of this research is to analize the differences in the substance of the arrangements for continental shelf in UNCLOS 1982 and Law Number 1 of 1973 On Indonesia Continental Shelf to find out the effectiveness of Indonesia's international treaties with other countries regarding the continental shelf using the Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach. Indonesia must make adjustments to national legislation regarding continental shelf with UNCLOS 1982 because of Indonesian legislation regarding continental shelf still refers to United Nations Convention on the Continental Shelf 1958.Keywords: Continental Shelf; Natural Resources;UNCLOS 1982.AbstrakIndonesia telah mengambil langkah untuk menyesuaikan peraturan perundang-undangannya mengenai hukum laut dengan UNCLOS 1982, yaitu disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1996 Tentang Perairan Indonesia namun langkah tersebut belum diikuti dengan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai landas kontinen yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan substansi pengaturan tentang landas kontinen di dalam UNCLOS 1982 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia sebagai sumber hukum mengenai landas kontinen di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui keberlakuan perjanjian-perjanjian internasional Indonesia dengan negara lain mengenai landas kontinen dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Indonesia harus melakukan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan nasional tentang landas kontinen dengan UNCLOS 1982 karena peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia tentang landas kontinen masih mengacu kepada United Nations on the Continental Shelf 1958.Kata Kunci: Landas Kontinen; Sumberdaya Alam; UNCLOS 1982.
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9

DO NASCIMENTO RITTER, MATIAS, FERNANDO ERTHAL, MATTHEW A. KOSNIK, MICHAŁ KOWALEWSKI, JOÃO CARLOS COIMBRA, FELIPE CARON, and DARRELL S. KAUFMAN. "ONSHORE-OFFSHORE TRENDS IN THE TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF MOLLUSCAN DEATH ASSEMBLAGES: HOW AGE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REVEAL QUATERNARY SEA-LEVEL HISTORY." PALAIOS 38, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.041.

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Abstract Surficial shell accumulations from shallow marine settings are typically averaged over centennial-to-millennial time scales and dominated by specimens that died in the most recent centuries, resulting in strongly right-skewed age-frequency distributions (AFDs). However, AFDs from modern offshore settings (outer shelf and uppermost continental slope) still need to be explored. Using individually dated shells (14C-calibrated amino acid racemization), we compared AFDs along an onshore-offshore gradient across the southern Brazilian shelf, with sites ranging from the inner shelf, shallow-water (< 40 m) to offshore, deep-water (> 100 m) settings. The duration of time averaging is slightly higher in deeper water environments, and the AFD shapes change along the depositional profile. The inner shelf AFDs are strongly right-skewed due to the dominance of shells from the most recent millennia (median age range: 0–3 ka). In contrast, on the outer shelf and the uppermost continental slope, AFDs are symmetrical to left-skewed and dominated by specimens that died following the Last Glacial Maximum (median age range: 15–18 ka). The onshore-offshore changes in the observed properties of AFDs—increased median age and decreased skewness, but only slightly increased temporal mixing—likely reflect changes in sea level and concurrent water depth-related changes in biological productivity. These results suggest that on a passive continental margin subject to post-glacial sea-level changes, the magnitude of time-averaging of shell assemblages is less variable along the depositional profile than shell assemblage ages and the shapes of AFDs.
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10

Jensen, Øystein. "Maritime Boundary Delimitation Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: The International Judiciary and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf." Nordic Journal of International Law 84, no. 4 (November 14, 2015): 580–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08404001.

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This article examines the legal significance of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in third-party dispute settlement regarding delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baselines. Recent international jurisprudence indicates that the relationship between the procedures of the 1982 un Convention on the Law of the Sea involving the Commission and third-party dispute settlement is marked by lack of clarity, bringing procedural and substantive legal challenges in the view of the international judiciary. The procedures involving the Commission may influence a dispute settlement body’s decision to exercise its jurisdiction to delimit continental shelf areas beyond 200 nautical miles. Also in terms of continental shelf entitlement—determining what is legally a “continental shelf” and what is not—the Commission plays a crucial role.
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11

Almeida Resende, Erica Simone, and Nayara Tavares Cardoso. "BRAZIL’S BLUE AMAZON." Revista da Escola Superior de Guerra 35, no. 74 (October 15, 2020): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47240/revistadaesg.v35i74.1045.

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In 2004, Brazil submitted a claim to extend the limits of its continental shelf beyond200 nautical miles to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Thisarticle analyzes the normative evolution on continental shelf, and the implications ofBrazil’s claim, with attention to the security and defense in the South Atlantic.
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12

Phach, Phung Van, Huynh Minh Chinh, Do Chien Thang, Tran Anh Tuan, Phan Tuan Nam, Le Tuan Anh, Cu Minh Hoang, and Nguyen Van Bach. "Vietnam geographical exploitation under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982 (UNCLOS 1982)." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 3B (October 21, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3b/14514.

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As an active member of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS, Vietnam has completed 3 Reports on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and has submitted two of them to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf - CLCS, before the deadline 13-5-2009. Those are: (1) Outer Limits of the Vietnam’s Extended Continental Shelf: North Area (VNM-N); (2) Outer Limits of the Vietnam’s Extended Continental Shelf: Middle Area (VNM-M) and (3) Vietnam - Malaysia Joint Continental Shelf Submission. The VNM-M has not yet been submitted but it was mentioned to the CLCS and will be submitted in the appropriate time.Vietnam’s submissions were highly appreciated by CLCS; although the CLCS has not yet organized a special sub-committee to look at our reports, the secretariat of CLCS has already posted the executive reports of our submissions, with our principle claims on the continental shelf, on the website of the CLCS since May 2009. This paper presents shortly the UNCLOS and its application in Vietnam case.
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13

Kunoy, Bjørn. "Establishment of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: Is Crossing Boundaries Trespassing?" International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 26, no. 2 (2011): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180811x560520.

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AbstractThis article examines whether State A may cross a continental shelf boundary in order to utilize a feature of the physical continental margin that is situated within the dominion of State B for the purpose of establishing the outer limits of its continental shelf. Given that a continental shelf boundary delimits, mutatis mutandis, the spatial powers of States, as a land boundary, in conjunction with the international framework as set out in the Law of the Sea Convention, it is concluded that it is not consistent with the Law of the Sea Convention for coastal State A to base its entitlement to the outer continental shelf on a generative feature that is located on a feature of the physical continental margin that is situated within the dominion of coastal State B.
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14

Volodin, Dmitry Anatolievich. "Canada’s claim to the continental shelf in the Arctic." USA & Canada Economics – Politics – Culture, no. 9 (December 15, 2023): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686673023090043.

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Canada ratified the UNCLOS in 2003 and thus had to submit scientific and technical data to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) no later than 2013 to extend its continental shelf beyond 200 miles from the coast. Initially the Canadian submission was to include data for both the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. However the requirement in 2013 by Canadian Prime Minister S. Harper to include the seabed at the North Pole in the submission forced the Canadian government to split the submission into two parts: in 2013 data on the outer limit of Canada's continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean were submitted to the CLCS, and in 2019 - on the Arctic. In the 2019 submission Canada claimed a seabed area of 1.2 million square kilometers, including the North Pole. In December 2022 Canada submitted an addendum to its 2019 proposal to the CLCS, in which it further increased its claims to the continental shelf in the Arctic, bringing the boundaries of its shelf to the Russian exclusive economic zone. The increase in the area of disputed areas of the continental shelf between Russia, Canada and Denmark means that the decisive role in establishing the boundaries of the continental shelf of these countries in the Arctic will be played by the corresponding negotiations between these countries. The February 2023 approval by the CLCS of Russian claims to the Lomonosov Ridge and the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise is important for Canada as well, as it also legitimizes Canada's right to claim the continental shelf in the Arctic beyond 350 miles from its coast. The extreme aggravation of relations between Russia and the West since 2022 complicates the division of the continental shelf in the Arctic between the countries of this region.
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15

Harakaľová, Dorota. "Continental shelf: scientific reality versus legal fiction." Geografie 124, no. 4 (2019): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2019124040455.

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The article analyzes and compares the scientific and legal concept of the continental shelf: Is the legal definition of shelf identical to the scientific concept? The aim of the article is to point out differences in the legal definition of continental shelf, which was designed to provide the greatest benefits to coastal states. The legal continental shelf is important because of the acknowledging the rights of sovereign rights to the shelf resources of the coastal state. The coastal state has exclusive rights to exploit the living and non-living resources of the shelf and its subsoil, and other states may not interfere with these rights. The first legal definition of the shelf took into account the criteria of exploitability. The definition of shelf, as codified in UNCLOS, despite the strict criteria for extending the shelf linked to the seabed geology and geomorphology, is a legal fiction.
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16

Cione, Alberto Luis, Eduardo Pedro Tonni, and Alejandro Dondas. "A mastodont (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) from the Argentinian continental shelf." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2005, no. 10 (November 18, 2005): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/614.

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17

Weschenfelder, Jair, Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa, Salvador Aliotta, and Ricardo Baitelli. "Paleochannels related to late quaternary sea-level changes in Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, spe2 (2010): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000600005.

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The geological evolution of the continental shelf and in the coastal zone of southern Brazil during the Quaternary period is addressed in this study. High-resolution seismic records obtained at the Patos Lagoon revealed the presence of channels that deeply dissected the coastal zone before the formation of the modern, low-relief, coastal plain. Two periods of channel incision are inferred, based mainly on seismic records. The paleodrainage paths mapped from the seismic records can be connected with those recognized by previous studies on the adjacent continental shelf and slope. Upstream, the drainage incised mainly into the coastal prism deposited during previous sea-level highstand events. The paleodrainage network, recognized on the coastal plain and continental shelf, represents a river-shelf system, linking the drainage basin to the depositional settings on the marginal basin, bypassing the continental shelf exposed during a forced regression event. The drainage incised into the coastal plain and continental shelf of Rio Grande do Sul played an important role in the basin-margin architecture, facies distribution and accommodation during the Quaternary sea-level fluctuations.
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18

de Faramiñán, José Manuel. "CONTINENTAL SHELF AND ITS EXTENSION." Spanish Yearbook of International Law 21 (December 31, 2017): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/sybil.21.17.

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19

Magnússon, Bjarni Már. "OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (April 2013): 345–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000067.

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AbstractThe article analyses the trends in continental shelf boundary agreements that extend beyond 200 nautical miles. The focus is on three issues: first, the delimitation method; second, whether States have acted on the basis that they have to delineate the limits between the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and the international seabed area before they engage in a boundary delimitation with neighbouring states; and third, how the end point of the boundary line has been defined. The goal of the analysis is to find out whether any rule of customary law has emerged which seems not to be the case.
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20

Levy, David M., and Willard S. Moore. "224Ra in Continental Shelf waters." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 73, no. 2-4 (May 1985): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(85)90071-8.

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21

Collins, M. B. "Continental shelf research: a review." Continental Shelf Research 11, no. 8-10 (August 1991): 1309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(91)90107-h.

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22

Bateman, Sam, and Clive Schofield. "Australia’s outer continental shelf regime." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 4, no. 4 (January 2012): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2012.10815722.

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23

Ramakrishna, Kilaparti, Robert E. Bowen, and Jack H. Archer. "Outer limits of continental shelf." Marine Policy 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(87)90039-x.

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24

Klyuchnikov, A. Yu. "On Delineation of the Continental Shelf: Decision of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea on Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar, 2012." Lex Russica, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.173.4.155-163.

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With the development of technical capabilities for the exploration and exploitation of the continental shelf, the desire of coastal states to expand the area of their jurisdiction in the "underwater territory" (the territory of the seabed) increased. Thanks to the activism of the judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the concept of the continental shelf for the purposes of international maritime law has been significantly developed. As a result, the coastal states signatories to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea were able to establish the outer limit of the continental shelf, which, under certain conditions, can extend even beyond 350 nautical miles from the baseline.Disputes between states on the continental shelf mainly arise in connection with the need to distinguish between marine areas rich in sources of living and non-living resources. In such cases, it may be necessary to delineate the continental shelf between adjacent States (with a common border) or located opposite each other, i.e. their delimitation under article 83 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea. The subject of the dispute is the external legal boundary of the continental shelf of the state, where it extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline of that state (the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles), adjoins the area that is the common heritage of mankind, outside the jurisdiction of any of the states.On the issue of determining the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, the decision of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea of 14.03.2012 "On delimitation of maritime boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar" is of a precedent value, since no international court has previously addressed this issue.
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25

Mirzoev, D. A. "Principal features of the continental shelf oil and gas resources development." SOCAR Proceedings, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp20210100483.

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According to forecast estimates, the depletion of continental oil and gas fields of the Russian Federation is 30 - 50%, and the fields of the continental shelf are less than 1%. Therefore, the main volumes of growth of reserves, oil and gas production in the fuel and energy complex system should be planned at the expense of resources and reserves of the continental shelf. The article considers the principal features of development of oil and gas fields of the continental shelf and criteria determining types of offshore oil and gas fisheries.
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Todd, Robert E., Glen G. Gawarkiewicz, and W. Brechner Owens. "Horizontal Scales of Variability over the Middle Atlantic Bight Shelf Break and Continental Rise from Finescale Observations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-099.1.

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Abstract Observations with fine horizontal resolution are used to identify the horizontal scales of variability over the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) shelf break and continental rise. Spray gliders collected observations along two alongshelf transects over the continental rise in March–April 2006 and along 16 cross-shelf transects over the shelf break and continental rise during July–October 2007. Horizontal resolution varied from 1 km or finer over the shelf to 6 km in deep water. These observations allow horizontal thermohaline variability offshore of the MAB shelf break to be examined for the first time. Structure functions of temperature and salinity, the mean square difference between observations separated by specified distances, reveal the horizontal spatial scales in the region. Exponential (e-folding) scales of temperature and salinity increase from 8–13 km near the shelf break to about 30 km over the continental rise. Just offshore of the shelf break, alongshelf structure functions exhibit periodicity with a 40–50-km wavelength that matches the wavelength of shelfbreak frontal meanders. Farther offshore, alongshelf structure functions suggest a dominant wavelength of 175–250 km, but these scales are only marginally resolved by the available observations. Examination of structure functions of along-isopycnal salinity (i.e., spice) suggests that interleaving of shelf and slope water masses contributes most of the horizontal variability near the MAB shelf break, but heaving of isopycnals is the primary source of horizontal variability over the continental rise.
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27

HUANG, Yao, and Xuexia LIAO. "Natural Prolongation and Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 nm: Implications of the Bangladesh/Myanmar Case." Asian Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (December 13, 2013): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251313000301.

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This paper is a response to the latestBangladesh/Myanmarcase decided by the ITLOS on 14 March 2012, which is the first case concerning delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nm. The paper aims to discuss the status and role of natural prolongation in delimiting this area. Natural prolongation constitutes the legal basis for entitlement to the continental shelf beyond 200 nm. Also, natural prolongation should play a role as a relevant circumstance in delimiting the continental shelf beyond 200 nm. To address these two issues, the judgment of theBangladesh/Myanmarcase will also be reviewed. Both the interpretation of the meaning of natural prolongation and its exclusion in the delimitation process are not convincing. Hence, the Judgment's future influence on the continental shelf delimitation is limited.
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28

Cochran, James R., and Robin E. Bell. "Inversion of IceBridge gravity data for continental shelf bathymetry beneath the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 209 (2012): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j033.

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AbstractA possible cause for accelerated thinning and break-up of floating marine ice shelves is warming of the water in the cavity below the ice shelf. Accurate bathymetry beneath large ice shelves is crucial for developing models of the ocean circulation in the sub-ice cavities. A grid of free-air gravity data over the floating Larsen C ice shelf collected during the IceBridge 2009 Antarctic campaign was utilized to develop the first bathymetry model of the underlying continental shelf. Independent control on the continental shelf geologic structures from marine surveys was used to constrain the inversion. Depths on the continental shelf beneath the ice shelf estimated from the inversion generally range from about 350 to 650 m, but vary from <300 to >1000 m. Localized overdeepenings, 20-30 km long and 900-1000 m deep, are located in inlets just seaward of the grounding line. Submarine valleys extending seaward from the overdeepenings coalesce into two broad troughs that extend to the seaward limit of the ice shelf and appear to extend to the edge of the continental shelf. The troughs are generally at a depth of 550-700 m although the southernmost mapped trough deepens to over 1000 m near the edge of the ice shelf just south of 68° S. The combination of the newly determined bathymetry with published ice-draft determinations based on laser altimetry and radar data defines the geometry of the water-filled cavity. These newly imaged troughs provide a conduit for water to traverse the continental shelf and interact with the overlying Larsen C ice shelf and the grounding lines of the outlet glaciers.
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29

Madon, Mazlan. "Exploration And Exploitation Of Non-Living Natural Resources On The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: A Status Review." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm70202002.

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Activities by coastal States in relation to the exploration and exploitation of non-living natural resources (namely hydrocarbons and deep-sea minerals) on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (M) from their territorial sea baselines are reviewed. Geological conditions dictate such that hydrocarbons are likely to occur where there are thick accumulations of sediments (at least 2-3 km is needed for organic matter to generate significant amounts of hydrocarbons), whereas deep-sea minerals are found on or beneath the seabed of the deep oceans, which are generally “starved” of sediment. Thus, in general, sites for hydrocarbon exploration and for deep-sea mineral exploration are unlikely to overlap. On a ‘normal’ geological shelf with an average width of say ~60-100 km, hydrocarbon exploration is carried out generally within the 200 M limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the coastal State. Within the last decade, however, necessitated by depleting resources in the shallow waters of the shelf and slope, exploration has gradually moved from the geological shelf (water depth typically < 200 m) further out into deeper waters, and in some cases, beyond the 200 M limit. Thus far, only in a few places is oil and gas exploration being carried out on the continental shelf beyond 200 M. Examples include Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Argentina and Canada. Such activities mainly involve geological and geophysical investigations and assessment of the hydrocarbon potential, while some have resulted in commercial production. Besides the conventional hydrocarbons (oil and gas), continental margin sediments may also host significant accumulations of gas hydrates, which are regarded as a potentially important energy resource of the future. Along non-polar continental margins, gas hydrates are generally found beneath the continental slope and the continental rise, i.e. beyond the continental shelf proper, in water depths typically greater than 500 m but still mainly within 200 M of the territorial sea baselines. Where the continental margin is exceptionally wide, however, gas hydrates may occur in areas beyond the 200 M limit, on the extended continental shelf.
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Levere, Trevor H. "Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the Continental Shelf, and a New Arctic Continent." British Journal for the History of Science 21, no. 2 (June 1988): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708740002478x.

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Between the Napoleonic Wars and the First World War, roughly two hundred expeditions set out for what is now the Canadian Arctic, from its boundary with Alaska in the West, along the northern shore of Canada and including the Arctic archipelago between that shore and the pole, to the marine boundary with Danish Greenland in the East. For more than half a century, these expeditions were little concerned with Canada as a political entity; after all, it had not yet been truly created as a nation. Besides, science was a major part of the mandate of many of the Arctic expeditions, almost half of which achieved significant scientific results; and science, while partly a national activity, was also a trans-national one. John Franklin's last expedition, made famous by disaster, had, typically, been largely motivated by scientific curiosity; the resolution of geomagnetic questions loomed large in Franklin's instructions.
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31

Charlotte Huneke, Wilma Gertrud, Andreas Klocker, and Benjamin Keith Galton-Fenzi. "Deep Bottom Mixed Layer Drives Intrinsic Variability of the Antarctic Slope Front." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 12 (December 2019): 3163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0044.1.

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AbstractThe Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is located along much of the Antarctic continental shelf break and helps to maintain a barrier to the movement of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto the continental shelf. The stability of the ASF has a major control on cross-shelf heat transport and ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves. Here, the ASF dynamics are investigated for continental shelves with weak dense shelf water (DSW) formation, which are thought to have a stable ASF, common for regions in East Antarctica. Using an ocean process model, this study demonstrates how offshore bottom Ekman transport of shelf waters leads to the development of a deep bottom mixed layer at the lower continental slope, and subsequently determines an intrinsic variability of the ASF. The ASF variability is characterized by instability events that affect the entire water column and occur every 5–10 years and last for approximately half a year. During these instability events, the cross-shelf density gradient weakens and CDW moves closer to the continent. Stronger winds increase the formation rate of the bottom mixed layer, which causes a subsequent increase of instability events. If the observed freshening trend of continental shelf waters leads to weaker DSW formation, more regions might be vulnerable for the ASF variability to develop in the future.
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32

AVERY, LYNDA, PATRICIA A. RAMEY, and ROBIN S. WILSON. "New Polygordiidae (Polychaeta) from the Australian region." Zootaxa 2068, no. 1 (April 10, 2009): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2068.1.4.

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The interstitial polychaete family Polygordiidae is recorded from Australia for the first time, based on two new species: Polygordius arafura sp. nov. from continental shelf depths in the Arafura Sea, northern Australia, and Polygordius kiarama sp. nov. from the continental shelf and slope off southeastern Australia. Polygordius kiarama sp. nov., found at slope depths up to 1650 m, is the deepest record to date for the family, which has previously been recorded from intertidal habitats, shallow coastal waters and continental shelf depths.
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33

Canales-Aguirre, Cristian B., Sandra Ferrada-Fuentes, Ricardo Galleguillos, Fernanda X. Oyarzun, and Cristián E. Hernández. "Population genetic structure of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southeast Pacific and Southwest Atlantic Ocean." PeerJ 6 (January 16, 2018): e4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4173.

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Previous studies of population genetic structure inDissostichus eleginoideshave shown that oceanographic and geographic discontinuities drive in this species population differentiation. Studies have focused on the genetics ofD.eleginoidesin the Southern Ocean; however, there is little knowledge of their genetic variation along the South American continental shelf. In this study, we used a panel of six microsatellites to test whetherD.eleginoidesshows population genetic structuring in this region. We hypothesized that this species would show zero or very limited genetic structuring due to the habitat continuity along the South American shelf from Peru in the Pacific Ocean to the Falkland Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. We used Bayesian and traditional analyses to evaluate population genetic structure, and we estimated the number of putative migrants and effective population size. Consistent with our predictions, our results showed no significant genetic structuring among populations of the South American continental shelf but supported two significant and well-defined genetic clusters ofD.eleginoidesbetween regions (South American continental shelf and South Georgia clusters). Genetic connectivity between these two clusters was 11.3% of putative migrants from the South American cluster to the South Georgia Island and 0.7% in the opposite direction. Effective population size was higher in locations from the South American continental shelf as compared with the South Georgia Island. Overall, our results support that the continuity of the deep-sea habitat along the continental shelf and the biological features of the study species are plausible drivers of intraspecific population genetic structuring across the distribution ofD.eleginoideson the South American continental shelf.
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34

Cresswell, G. R., J. L. Peterson, and L. F. Pender. "The East Australian Current, upwellings and downwellings off eastern-most Australia in summer." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 7 (2017): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16051.

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The complex influences of the East Australian Current (EAC) and winds on the waters of the continental shelf were addressed with a ship survey, moored and drifting instruments, satellite images and wind and sea level measurements. The study revealed intrusions of continental slope water reaching the inner continental shelf when the EAC was near the shelf edge and wind stress was near zero or upwelling favourable (northerly). The process was the onshore movement of a southward flowing stream of water originally from the continental slope. One event was captured near Cape Byron and Evans Head when these waters upwelled to the surface. When the wind stress turned northward, it reversed the inner shelf current and drove downwelling. Variations in the wind stress also modulated the strength of the EAC out across the shelf to the upper slope. The strength of the EAC per se varied with a time scale of 2–3 months; these variations decreased in amplitude westward until they were undetectable at the inner shelf. The EAC had a subsurface speed maximum of up to 1.6ms–1 at 100–150-m depth above the continental slope and was seen to accelerate with both time and distance southward along the 190-km length surveyed by the ship.
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35

Gray, David H. "Assessment of Canada’s continental shelf beyond 200 NM." Geomatica 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2019-0023.

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Since 1945, the legal jurisdiction off the coasts of States has changed from being a 3 mile territorial sea to a series of bands of territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf. The paper summarizes the historical development of these zones. Now that Canada has submitted its claim for continental shelves beyond the 200 nautical mile (NM) limit to the United Nations’ Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), the author calculates estimates for the size of Canada’s continental shelf beyond 200 NMs in both the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and assesses the effect of the counter-claims by its neighboring States.
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36

Legault, L. H., and Blair Hankey. "From Sea to Seabed: The Single Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Case." American Journal of International Law 79, no. 4 (October 1985): 961–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201833.

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Three decisions on maritime boundaries in a period of 9 months during 1984-1985 have doubled the body of case law on the delimitation of ocean space. The cases decided by international tribunals prior to 1984 applied only to the continental shelf. The waters overlying the shelf were either part of the high seas or, if subject to coastal state jurisdiction, were left undivided as between neighboring coastal states. However, two of the decisions rendered last year—the decision by a Chamber of the International Court of Justice in the Gulf of Maine case and the one by an ad hoc arbitral tribunal in the Guinea/Guinea-Bissau case—constituted the first judicial determinations of boundaries that divide jurisdiction over both the continental shelf and the water column beyond the territorial sea. The decision by the International Court of Justice in the Libya/Malta Continental Shelf case represented the fourth in a line of cases delimiting the continental shelf alone.
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37

Webster, Ian. "Frictional Continental Shelf Waves and the Circulation Response of a Continental Shelf to Wind Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 15, no. 7 (July 1985): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<0855:fcswat>2.0.co;2.

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38

Bauch, D., S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix. "Halocline water modification and along-slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin." Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014.

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Abstract. A general pattern in water mass distribution and potential shelf–basin exchange is revealed at the Laptev Sea continental slope based on hydrochemical and stable oxygen isotope data from the summers 2005–2009. Despite considerable interannual variations, a frontal system can be inferred between shelf, continental slope and central Eurasian Basin waters in the upper 100 m of the water column along the continental slope. Net sea-ice melt is consistently found at the continental slope. However, the sea-ice meltwater signal is independent from the local retreat of the ice cover and appears to be advected from upwind locations. In addition to the along-slope frontal system at the continental shelf break, a strong gradient is identified on the Laptev Sea shelf between 122° E and 126° E with an eastward increase of riverine and sea-ice related brine water contents. These waters cross the shelf break at ~ 140° E and feed the low-salinity halocline water (LSHW, salinity S < 33) in the upper 50 m of the water column. High silicate concentrations in Laptev Sea bottom waters may lead to speculation about a link to the local silicate maximum found within the salinity range of ~ 33 to 34.5, typical for the Lower Halocline Water (LHW) at the continental slope. However brine signatures and nutrient ratios from the central Laptev Sea differ from those observed at the continental slope. Thus a significant contribution of Laptev Sea bottom waters to the LHW at the continental slope can be excluded. The silicate maximum within the LHW at the continental slope may be formed locally or at the outer Laptev Sea shelf. Similar to the advection of the sea-ice melt signal along the Laptev Sea continental slope, the nutrient signal at 50–70 m water depth within the LHW might also be fed by advection parallel to the slope. Thus, our analyses suggest that advective processes from upstream locations play a significant role in the halocline formation in the northern Laptev Sea.
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39

Bauch, D., S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix. "Halocline water modification and along slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 5 (September 12, 2013): 1581–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1581-2013.

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Abstract. A general pattern in water mass distribution and potential shelf-basin exchanges is revealed at the Laptev Sea continental slope based on hydrochemical and stable oxygen isotope data from summers 2005–2009. Despite considerable interannual variations, a frontal system can be inferred between shelf, continental slope and central Eurasian Basin waters in the upper 100 m of the water column along the continental slope. Net sea-ice melt is consistently found at the continental slope; however the sea-ice meltwater signal is independent from the local retreat of the ice cover and appears to be advected from upwind locations. In addition to the along-slope frontal system at the continental shelf break a strong gradient is identified on the Laptev Sea shelf between 122 and 126° E with an eastward increase of riverine and sea-ice related brine water contents. These waters cross the shelf break at ~ 140° E and feed the Low Salinity Halocline Water (LSHW, salinity S < 33) in the upper 50 m of the water column. Extremely high silicate concentrations in Laptev Sea bottom waters may lead to speculation on a link to the local silicate maximum found within the salinity range of ~ 33 to 34.5, typical for the Lower Halocline Water (LHW) at the continental slope. But brine signatures and nutrient ratios from the central Laptev Sea differ from those at the continental slope. Thus a significant contribution of Laptev Sea bottom waters to the LHW at the continental slope can be excluded. The silicate maximum within the LHW at the continental slope may be formed locally or at the outer Laptev Sea shelf. Similar to the advection of the sea-ice melt signal along the Laptev Sea continental slope the nutrient signal at 50–70 m water depth within the LHW might also be fed by advection parallel to the slope. Thus, our analyses suggest that advective processes from upwind locations play a significant role in the halocline formation in the northern Laptev Sea.
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40

Martinson, D. G. "Transport of warm upper circumpolar deep water onto the Western Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 2479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-2479-2011.

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Abstract. Five thermistor-moorings were placed on the continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (between 2007 and 2010) in an effort to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for delivering warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) onto the broad continental shelf from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flowing over the adjacent continental slope. Historically, four mechanisms have been suggested (or assumed): (1) eddies shed from the ACC, (2) flow into the cross-shelf-cutting canyons with overflow onto the nominal shelf, (3) general upwelling, and (4) episodic sweeping of ACC meanders over the shelf. The mooring array showed that for the years of deployment, the dominant mechanism is eddies; upwelling may also contribute but to an unknown extent. Mechanisms 2 and 4 played no role, though the canyons have been shown previously to channel UCDW across the shelf into Marguerite Bay.
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41

McDorman, Ted L. "The Continental Shelf Regime in the Law of the Sea Convention: A Reflection on the First Thirty Years." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 4 (2012): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341261.

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Abstract The international legal regime of the continental shelf was largely adopted in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea without change from that in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf. What was added in the 1982 Convention was that all States have a legal shelf out to 200 nautical miles (nm) and that beyond 200 nm there is a formula and process for States to establish their outer limit of the shelf. Amongst the several developments that have taken place in the last 30 years respecting the continental shelf regime noted in this article, the most surprising is the number of States that have indicated that they have an area of shelf beyond 200 nm, which far exceeds the number of States seen in 1982 as having such a possibility.
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42

Johnson, Constance, and Alex Oude Elferink. "Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf and "Disputed Areas": State Practice concerning Article 76(10) of the LOS Convention." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 21, no. 4 (2006): 461–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180806779441138.

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AbstractArticle 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention) requires a coastal State to submit information on the limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). The Commission shall make recommendations to the coastal State on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf. In a case where the coastal State establishes the outer limits on the basis of these recommendations, they are final and binding. However, Article 76(10) provides that the "The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the question of delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts". The relationship between Article 76 and the delimitation of the continental shelf between neighboring States and other "unresolved land or maritime disputes" has been addressed by the CLCS in its Rules of Procedure. The present article analyzes the significance of Article 76(10) for submissions to the CLCS, looking at the Rules of Procedure of the Commission and the submissions that have been made to the Commission to date.
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43

Baumert, Kevin A. "The Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf Under Customary International Law." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 4 (October 2017): 827–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.84.

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Abstract“Seldom has an apparent major change in international law been accomplished by peaceful means more rapidly and amidst more general acquiescence and approval,” Lauterpacht observed of continental shelf claims nearly seventy years ago. When considered today, this observation merits a caveat, as the question of how far the continental shelf extends into the sea is not yet fully settled. This article explores the customary international law applicable for determining continental shelf limits and also examines the legal procedures used by states to gain international acceptance of those limits.
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44

Huang, R. "Diatoms in some surface sediments of the Taiwan Continental Shelf." Nova Hedwigia 50, no. 1-2 (February 26, 1990): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/50/1990/213.

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45

Schmidtko, Sunke, Karen J. Heywood, Andrew F. Thompson, and Shigeru Aoki. "Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters." Science 346, no. 6214 (December 4, 2014): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1256117.

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Decadal trends in the properties of seawater adjacent to Antarctica are poorly known, and the mechanisms responsible for such changes are uncertain. Antarctic ice sheet mass loss is largely driven by ice shelf basal melt, which is influenced by ocean-ice interactions and has been correlated with Antarctic Continental Shelf Bottom Water (ASBW) temperature. We document the spatial distribution of long-term large-scale trends in temperature, salinity, and core depth over the Antarctic continental shelf and slope. Warming at the seabed in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas is linked to increased heat content and to a shoaling of the mid-depth temperature maximum over the continental slope, allowing warmer, saltier water greater access to the shelf in recent years. Regions of ASBW warming are those exhibiting increased ice shelf melt.
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46

Santos, Jonas Ricardo Dos, Landerlei Almeida dos Santos, and Luiz Carlos Da Silveira Fontes. "MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO E SEDIMENTAR DE PALEOLINHAS DE COSTA NA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL SUL DE ALAGOAS (GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTARY MAPPING OF PALEO-LINES OF COAST IN THE CONTINENTAL PLATFORM SOUTH OF ALAGOAS)." Revista GeoNordeste, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i1p60-79.

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RESUMO:O objetivo desse estudo é investigar as paleolinhas de costa presentes na plataforma continental sul de Alagoas. Devido à baixa contribuição de sedimentos continentais aportados pelos rios nesta plataforma continental, as feições de fundo formadas no último ciclo de variação do nível do mar não permitiram que estas fossem totalmente soterradas. Assim, para investigar essas feições foi elaborado um modelo batimétrico a partir das Folhas de Bordos da Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegação (DHN) da Marinha do Brasil. Posteriormente foram identificadas e mapeadas as principais anomalias no relevo (elevação ou depressão). As principais feições identificadas na plataforma continental de Alagoas foram três conjuntos de arrecifes submersos alinhados e paralelos à linha de costa, identificados a -25m, -15m e -5m, e os paleovales de Maceió, Jequiá-Jacarecica e Coruripe que ficaram evidentes no modelo batimétrico. Com isso, concluímos que a origem dos paleovales está relacionada ao último máximo glacial quando os rios escavaram a plataforma continental, e a formação dos arrecifes indicam os períodos de estabilização do nível do mar que correspondem às antigas linhas de costa.Palavras-chave: Nível do Mar; Recifes; Sedimentos Marinhos; Vales Incisos; Zona Costeira. ABSTRACT:The objective of this study is to investigate the paleo coastlines present in the southern continental shelf of Alagoas. Due to the low contribution of continental sediments contributed by the rivers in this continental shelf, the bottom features formed in the last cycle of sea level variation, did not allow that they were completely buried. Thus, to investigate these features, a bathymetric model was elaborated from the Border Sheets of the Hydrographic and Navigation Department (DHN) of the Brazilian Navy. Subsequently, the main anomalies in the relief (elevation or depression) were identified and mapped. The main features identified in the continental shelf of Alagoas were three sets of submerged reefs aligned and parallel to the coastline were identified at -25m, -15m and -5m and the paleo valleys of Maceió, Jequiá-Jacarecica and Coruripe that were evident in the bathymetric model. We conclude that the origin of the paleo valleys is related to the last glacial maximum when the rivers excavated the continental shelf and the formation of the reefs indicate the periods of stabilization of the sea level that correspond to paleo coastlines.Keywords: Sea Level; Reefs; Marine Sediments; Incised Valleys; Coastal Zone.
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47

Tilburg, Charles E. "Across-Shelf Transport on a Continental Shelf: Do Across-Shelf Winds Matter?" Journal of Physical Oceanography 33, no. 12 (December 2003): 2675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2675:atoacs>2.0.co;2.

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48

Domack, Eugene W., and P. T. Harris. "A new depositional model for ice shelves, based upon sediment cores from the Ross Sea and the MaC. Robertson shelf, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-281-284.

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We document the similarity of depositional facies occurring in gravity cores recovered from two disjunct regions of the Antarctic continental shelf: the Ross Sea and the MaC. Robertson shelf. The facies sequence model is represented in two cores, one collected during the 1995-1 cruise of the R/VNathaniel R. Palmer(core NBP95 TC-18) and the other collected by the RSVAurora Australisduring cruise 149 in 1995 (core 149 39GC38). Both cores show a succession of facies indicative of ice-shelf retreat during the late-Pleistocene to Holocene transition. Distinct lithofacies range in thickness from a few tens of cm to 1 m and consist of (from bottom to top) a coarse, granulated sandy mud; laminated silt and clay; structureless silly clay; poorly sorted sandy siliceous mud; and siliceous mud and ooze. These facies represent the passage of distinct depositional regimes across the core sites, including sub-ice shelf beneath a basal debris zone; sub-ice shell distal to a debris zone; calving-line transition; and open marine. This facies model represents an advance in our understanding of Glacial marine stratigraphy for the Antarctic continental shelf and will provide the basis for more realistic palaeoglacial reconstructions.
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49

Goes, Enatielly Rosane, and Antônio Vicente Ferreira Júnior. "Caracterização Morfossedimentar da Plataforma Continental Brasileira (Morphosedimentary characterization of the Brazilian Continental Shelf )." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 5 (July 9, 2017): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v.10.5.p1595-1613.

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Este trabalho discute as diferenciações existentes ao longo da plataforma continental brasileira, bem como sua gênese e evolução. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica afim de evidenciar as particularidades da mesma, especialmente do setor pernambucano, reconhecido como último elo de ligação entre os continentes americano e africano. A morfologia e as características sedimentológicas da área em estudo são altamente influenciadas por diferentes condições climáticas, hidrológicas e aporte sedimentar continental ao longo do território brasileiro, além de diferentes estágios de formação e evolução da margem continental brasileira. Assim estes fatores promovem quatro grandes diferentes setores na plataforma continental brasileira. O setor norte, marcado pela largura ampla e predomínio de sedimentação terrígena, recebe grande influência continental pela presença de grandes rios e clima equatorial. O setor nordeste, mais estreito e com predomínio de sedimentação biogênica, recebe grande influência marinha, com território continental desprovido de grandes rios, de clima tropical e semiárido. A porção central da plataforma continental brasileira apresenta as mesmas características hidrológica, climática e sedimentar do setor anterior, contudo com larguras geralmente menores, como é o caso da plataforma adjacente ao município de Salvador. No setor sul volta a se apresentar mais progradante com predomínio de sedimentação terrígena, voltando a receber vasta influência continental, com ocorrência de rios mais relevantes e clima subtropical. A B S T R A C TThis paper discusses the existing differences along the Brazilian continental shelf, as well as its genesis and evolution. A bibliographical research was carried out in order to highlight its peculiarities, especially in Pernambuco’s sector recognized as the last link between the American and African continents. The morphology and sedimentological characteristics of the studied area are highly influenced by different climatic, hydrological and continental sedimentary contribution conditions along the Brazilian territory, besides different stages of formation and evolution of the Brazilian continental margin. Thus, these factors are responsible for four large sectors in the Brazilian continental shelf. The northern sector, marked by wide width and predominance of terrigenous sedimentation, receives great continental influence, due to the presence of large rivers and equatorial climate. The Northeast sector, which is narrower and has a predominance of biogenic sedimentation, receives great marine influence, the continental territory is devoided of large rivers, with tropical and semi-arid climate. The central portion of the Brazilian continental shelf presents the same hydrological, climatic and sedimentary characteristics of the previous sector, however usually with smaller widths; this is the case of the platform adjacent to the municipality of Salvador. The southern sector presents more prograde with a predominance of terrigenous sedimentation, receiving once again vast continental influence, with more relevant rivers and subtropical climate.Keywords: morphology, sedimentary dynamics, continental margin, Pernambuco.
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Tomašových, Adam, and Susan M. Kidwell. "Nineteenth-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1856 (June 7, 2017): 20170328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0328.

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The soft-sediment seafloor of the open continental shelf is among the least-known biomes on Earth, despite its high diversity and importance to fisheries and biogeochemical cycling. Abundant dead shells of epifaunal suspension-feeding terebratulid brachiopods ( Laqueus ) and scallops on the now-muddy mainland continental shelf of southern California reveal the recent, previously unsuspected extirpation of an extensive offshore shell-gravel ecosystem, evidently driven by anthropogenic siltation. Living populations of attached epifauna, which formerly existed in a middle- and outer-shelf mosaic with patches of trophically diverse muds, are restricted today to rocky seafloor along the shelf edge and to the sandier shelves of offshore islands. Geological age-dating of 190 dead brachiopod shells shows that (i) no shells have been produced on the mainland shelf within the last 100 years, (ii) their shell production declined steeply during the nineteenth century, and (iii) they had formerly been present continuously for at least 4 kyr. This loss, sufficiently rapid (less than or equal to 100 years) and thorough to represent an ecosystem collapse, coincides with intensification of alluvial-plain land use in the nineteenth century, particularly livestock grazing. Extirpation was complete by the start of twentieth-century urbanization, warming, bottom fishing and scientific surveys. The loss of this filter-feeding fauna and the new spatial homogeneity and dominance of deposit- and detritus-feeders would have altered ecosystem functioning by reducing habitat heterogeneity and seawater filtering. This discovery, attesting to the power of this geological approach to recent ecological transitions, also strongly increases the spatial scope attributable to the negative effects of siltation, and suggests that it has been under-recognized on continental shelves elsewhere as a legacy of coastal land use.
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