Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continental magmatism

Academic literature on the topic 'Continental magmatism'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Continental magmatism"

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Lipman, Peter W. "IAVCEI Meeting: Continental magmatism." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 70, no. 52 (1989): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/89eo00404.

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Haidar, Tanveer, Sagar Misra, Neeraj Vishwakarma, and K. R. Hari. "Geochemical evolution of basaltic flows from Dongargarh Supergroup, Bastar Craton, Central India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012001.

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Abstract Composition of basalts in magmatic arcs influenced by the subducting lithosphere, mantle wedge, dehydration of oceanic crust, and/or crustal assimilation beneath the arc. In this paper, we compiled earlier published geochemical data of Dongargarh basalts to decipher the genesis of volcanic rocks. SiO2 vs (FeO + MgO) plot of basalt suggests the volcanic rocks are tholeiitic in composition. Primitive mantle and REE normalized plots indicate either the source was enriched mantle or a possible interaction of depleted magmatic source with the Paleoarchean continental crust in the Bastar Craton. The primitive mantle normalized diagram shows a negative anomaly of Nb, Ti, and Ta indicates subduction-related magmatism. In addition to the basalt composition, variation diagrams for tectonic settings represent the continental arc-related magmatism. From the available geochemical data of basalts and earlier studies on Dongargarh volcanic, there was an oceanic ridge that was subducted beneath the continental plate. The source of Pitepani basalts was significantly enriched in HFSE and REE as compared to mid-oceanic basalts. Thus the study finds the volcanic rocks are part of enriched mantle source that formed in the subduction-related magmatism.
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Guo, Zhengfu, and Marjorie Wilson. "Late Oligocene–early Miocene transformation of postcollisional magmatism in Tibet." Geology 47, no. 8 (June 10, 2019): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46147.1.

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Abstract Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is thought to be one of the most important orogenic and climate forcing events of the Cenozoic Era, associated with geodynamic changes related to India-Asia collision and subsequent continental lithosphere subduction. However, the fate and scale of the subducted continental lithosphere segments remain highly controversial. Using a comprehensive compilation of the spatiotemporal distribution of postcollisional magmatic rocks across Tibet, together with new geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data and modeling simulations, we propose a holistic, two-stage evolutionary model to explain the link between genesis of the magmas and continental subduction. The magmatism prior to 25 Ma resulted from continuous upwelling of a carbonate-rich upper-mantle plume induced by northward underthrusting of Indian oceanic and continental lithosphere with its cover of Tethyan platform carbonate sediments, whereas magmatism after 25 Ma was related to opposing north-directed and south-directed continental subduction. Our model indicates a transformation in the distribution and nature of the magmatism in Tibet at ca. 25 Ma, which reflects a significant change in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and associated mantle dynamic processes in the early Miocene. Understanding this transformation could have important implications for the utility of the Himalayan-Tibetan system as a modern analogue for ancient orogens.
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Pérez Luján, Sofía B., Florencia L. Boedo, Juan P. Ariza, Graciela I. Vujovich, Patricia Alvarado, and Suzanne M. Kay. "The Cuyano proto-ocean between the Chilenia and Cuyania terranes: rifting and plume interaction during the Neoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic evolution of the SW Gondwana margin." Geological Magazine 158, no. 10 (April 27, 2021): 1773–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821000303.

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AbstractThe Precordillera mafic–ultramafic belt (PMUB), located in central-western Argentina, comprises mafic and ultramafic bodies interlayered and/or in tectonic contact with marine siliciclastic units. Whole-rock, mineral geochemistry and Nd–Sr isotope analyses performed in magmatic rocks suggest a relatively different spatial and temporal evolution along the belt. The southern PMUB (south of 32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with an enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (E-MORB) tholeiitic to alkaline magmatism, to a proto-ocean basin (the Cuyano proto-ocean) with tholeiitic normal-MORB geochemical signature. Based on neodymium model ages (TDM), the magmatic activity started during the late Neoproterozoic Era and continued into the early Palaeozoic Era. Instead, the northern PMUB (28–32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with dominant tholeiitic E-MORB to continental flood basalt (CFB) magmatism during the early Palaeozoic Era. ϵNd values (+3.4 to +8.4), rare earth element trends and high-field-strength element systematics, together with an estimated potential mantle temperature of c. 50–100°C above ambient mantle, suggest the PMUB magmatism derived from an enriched mantle source related to the effect of a rising plume linked to the Iapetus Ocean opening. In particular, TDM estimations of 600–550 Ma agree with reported magmatism in central to southern Appalachians. The magmatism in the PMUB, and those registered in the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation and in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen in the conjugated Laurentian margin, seem to be contemporaneous, sharing a similar plume-enriched mantle source. In this context, the E-MORB signature identified along the PMUB can be described as a plume-distal ridge tectonic setting over an extended margin.
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White, Robert S., George D. Spence, Susan R. Fowler, Dan P. McKenzie, Graham K. Westbrook, and Adrian N. Bowen. "Magmatism at rifted continental margins." Nature 330, no. 6147 (December 1987): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/330439a0.

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Gower, Charles F., and Thomas E. Krogh. "A U–Pb geochronological review of the Proterozoic history of the eastern Grenville Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 795–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e01-090.

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The geological evolution of the eastern Grenville Province can be subdivided into three stages. During the first stage, namely pre-Labradorian (> 1710 Ma) and Labradorian (1710–1600 Ma) events, a continental-marginal basin was created and subsequently destroyed during accretion of a magmatic arc formed over a south-dipping subduction zone. Subduction was short-lived and arrested, leading to a passive continental margin. The second stage addresses events between 1600 and 1230 Ma. The passive margin lasted until 1520 Ma, following which a continental-margin arc was constructed during Pinwarian (1520–1460 Ma) orogenesis. Elsonian (1460–1230 Ma) distal-inboard, mafic and anorthositic magmatism, decreasing in age northward, is explained by funnelled flat subduction, possibly associated with an overridden spreading centre. As the leading edge of the lower plate advanced, it was forced beneath the Paleoproterozoic Torngat orogen root between the Archean Superior and North Atlantic cratons, achieving its limit of penetration by 1290 Ma. Static north-northeast-trending rifting then ensued, with mafic magmatism flanked by felsic products to the north and south. Far-field orogenic effects heralded the third stage, lasting from 1230 to 955 Ma. Until 1180 Ma, the eastern Grenville Province was under the distal, mild influence of Elzevirian orogenesis. From 1180 to 1120 Ma, mafic and anorthositic magmatism occurred, attributed to back-arc tectonism inboard of a post-Elzevirian Laurentian margin. Quiescence then prevailed until Grenvillian (1080–980 Ma) continent–continent collision. Grenvillian orogenesis peaked in different places at different times as thrusting released stress, thereby precipitating its shift elsewhere (pressure-point orogenesis). High-grade metamorphism, thrusting and minor magmatism characterized the Exterior Thrust Zone, in contrast to voluminous magmatism in the Interior Magmatic Belt. Following final deformation, early posttectonic anorthositic–alkalic–mafic magmatism (985–975 Ma) and late posttectonic monzonitic–syenite–granite magmatism (975–955 Ma) brought the active geological evolution of this region to a close.
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DeGraaff Surpless, Kathleen, Diane Clemens-Knott, Andrew P. Barth, and Michelle Gevedon. "A survey of Sierra Nevada magmatism using Great Valley detrital zircon trace-element geochemistry: View from the forearc." Lithosphere 11, no. 5 (June 27, 2019): 603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1059.1.

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AbstractThe well-characterized Sierra Nevada magmatic arc offers an unparalleled opportunity to improve our understanding of continental arc magmatism, but present bedrock exposure provides an incomplete record that is dominated by Cretaceous plutons, making it challenging to decipher details of older magmatism and the dynamic interplay between plutonism and volcanism. Moreover, the forearc detrital record includes abundant zircon formed during apparent magmatic lulls, suggesting that understanding the long-term history of arc magmatism requires integrating plutonic, volcanic, and detrital records. We present trace-element geochemistry of detrital zircon grains from the Great Valley forearc basin to survey Sierra Nevadan arc magmatism through Mesozoic time. We analyzed 257 previously dated detrital zircon grains from seven sandstone samples of volcanogenic, arkosic, and mixed compositions deposited ca. 145–80 Ma along the length of the forearc basin. Detrital zircon trace-element geochemistry is largely consistent with continental arc derivation and shows similar geochemical ranges between samples, regardless of location along strike of the forearc basin, depositional age, or sandstone composition. Comparison of zircon trace-element data from the forearc, arc, and retroarc regions revealed geochemical asymmetry across the arc that was persistent through time and demonstrated that forearc and retroarc basins sampled different parts of the arc and therefore recorded different magmatic histories. In addition, we identified a minor group of Jurassic detrital zircon grains with oceanic geochemical signatures that may have provenance in the Coast Range ophiolite. Taken together, these results suggest that the forearc detrital zircon data set reveals information different from that gleaned from the arc itself and that zircon compositions can help to identify and differentiate geochemically distinct parts of continental arc systems. Our results highlight the importance of integrating multiple proxies to fully document arc magmatism, demonstrating that detrital zircon geochemical data can enhance understanding of a well-characterized arc, and these data may prove an effective means by which to survey an arc that is inaccessible and therefore poorly characterized.
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Kravchenko, S. M. "Possible relationships between mantle convection and continental mantle magmatism." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 6, no. 1 (August 1, 1996): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/6/1996/21.

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Capaldi, T. N., N. R. McKenzie, B. K. Horton, C. Mackaman-Lofland, C. L. Colleps, and D. F. Stockli. "Detrital zircon record of Phanerozoic magmatism in the southern Central Andes." Geosphere 17, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 876–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02346.1.

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Abstract The spatial and temporal distribution of arc magmatism and associated isotopic variations provide insights into the Phanerozoic history of the western margin of South America during major shifts in Andean and pre-Andean plate interactions. We integrated detrital zircon U-Th-Pb and Hf isotopic results across continental magmatic arc systems of Chile and western Argentina (28°S–33°S) with igneous bedrock geochronologic and zircon Hf isotope results to define isotopic signatures linked to changes in continental margin processes. Key tectonic phases included: Paleozoic terrane accretion and Carboniferous subduction initiation during Gondwanide orogenesis, Permian–Triassic extensional collapse, Jurassic–Paleogene continental arc magmatism, and Neogene flat slab subduction during Andean shortening. The ~550 m.y. record of magmatic activity records spatial trends in magma composition associated with terrane boundaries. East of 69°W, radiogenic isotopic signatures indicate reworked continental lithosphere with enriched (evolved) εHf values and low (<0.65) zircon Th/U ratios during phases of early Paleozoic and Miocene shortening and lithospheric thickening. In contrast, the magmatic record west of 69°W displays depleted (juvenile) εHf values and high (>0.7) zircon Th/U values consistent with increased asthenospheric contributions during lithospheric thinning. Spatial constraints on Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc width provide a rough approximation of relative subduction angle, such that an increase in arc width reflects shallower slab dip. Comparisons among slab dip calculations with time-averaged εHf and Th/U zircon results exhibit a clear trend of decreasing (enriched) magma compositions with increasing arc width and decreasing slab dip. Collectively, these data sets demonstrate the influence of subduction angle on the position of upper-plate magmatism (including inboard arc advance and outboard arc retreat), changes in isotopic signatures, and overall composition of crustal and mantle material along the western edge of South America.
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Keir, D. "Magmatism and deformation during continental breakup." Astronomy & Geophysics 55, no. 5 (September 17, 2014): 5.18–5.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atu213.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continental magmatism"

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Klöcking, Marthe. "Continental magmatism and dynamic topography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271750.

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Isostasy, flexure and dynamic processes all influence the shape of the Earth’s surface. While the first two processes are well understood, dynamic topography remains controversial. On the continents, dynamic uplift is often expressed by positive long-wavelength gravity anomalies, radial drainage patterns, and slow seismic velocity anomalies within the upper mantle. Volcanic activity and elevated heat flow are also often observed. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between geochemical compositions of intracontinental magmatism and geophysical, geomorphological and geodetic observations of dynamic uplift. Three volcanic regions are considered in detail: western North America, northeast Brazil and Madagascar. The combined database includes 348 new whole-rock geochemical analyses. Rare earth element concentrations of mafic, asthenospheric-derived volcanic samples are exploited to calculate the depth and temperature of melt generation by inverse modelling. A sensitivity test of this modelling scheme is carried out. Lithospheric thickness and mantle temperature are independently determined from shear wave velocity models. Beneath western North America, a negative correlation between shear wave velocities at depths of 70–150 km and degree of melting is observed. Temperatures obtained from igneous compositions and from shear wave velocity profiles beneath volcanic fields closely agree. Melts are produced within, or close to, the spinel-garnet transition zone at depths shallower than $\sim$70 km, yielding mantle potential temperatures of up to 1380$^{\circ}$C. Calculated uplift and heat flow based upon these results match observed surface elevation and heat flow measurements. In northeast Brazil, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic phases of mafic igneous activity are recognised. Jurassic magmatic activity probably resulted from spinel-field melting at potential temperatures of $\sim$1380$^{\circ}$C. This episode is associated with regional magmatism during break-up of the Central Atlantic Ocean. Cretaceous compositions record melting at potential temperatures of 1330–70$^{\circ}$C at similar depths. This activity is linked to extension at the time of break-up of the equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. Cenozoic volcanism comprises low-degree melts within the spinel-garnet transition zone at ambient potential temperature. Shear wave velocity models support these results. Cenozoic volcanism in Madagascar is predominantly alkaline and records small-degree melting with minor temperature anomalies within the spinel-garnet transition zone. Rare tholeiitic basalts record temperatures up to 1360$^{\circ}$C. Analysis of global and regional shear wave velocity models closely matches these results. The principal control on continental magmatism appears to be temperature anomalies within the upper mantle beneath thin lithosphere. Highest mantle potential temperatures correlate with largest dynamic uplift. Mantle potential temperatures $ < $1350$^{\circ}$C are matched with minimal or negative dynamic topography.
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Brodie, James A. "Early tertiary magmatism in the North Atlantic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360036.

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Pedrazzi, Dario. "Hydrmagmatic monogenetic volcanism in continental and oceanic island enronments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/229382.

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Monogenetic volcanism is characterized by a large diversity of eruptive styles, morphologies and deposits. Monogenetic landforms are the result of a complex merging of internal (magma composition, vesiculation) and external (geological setting, fracturation, hydrogeology, substrate stratigraphy, etc) parameters that govern the physics of the eruptions. Changes in these parameters may cause variations in the eruption style several times during the course of such short-lived volcanoes. Monogenetic volcanoes may form in any type of geological environment with scoria cones being the most common volcano type and hydrovolcanic tuff rings, tuff cones, and maars as the second in abundance. These small-volume volcanoes are generally the result of short-lived eruptions but the activity in a monogenetic volcanic field might exceed the total life of composite volcanoes. The attention of this work was focused on the relation between monogenetic volcanic landforms and the external variables that influenced the dynamics of the eruptions (i.e. magmatism vs phreatomagmatism) through a multidisciplinary perspective, in marine and continental geological settings under which monogenetic volcanism may develop. Different case studies representative of this type of activity and of these different environments have been considered. The first one corresponds to the La Crosa De Sant Dalmai volcano (Garrotxa Volcanic Field, southern sector of the Catalan Volcanic Zone), a roughly circular asymmetrical maar-diatreme volcano, which is one of the most characteristic volcanic edifices of this continental monogenetic volcanic field and the largest Quaternary volcanic crater on the Iberian Peninsula. This edifice is an example of monogenetic landform, mostly composed of phreatomagmatic deposits with subordinate Strombolian phases, constructed on a mixed basement made of hard Paleozoic granites and schists rocks and soft Plio-Quaternary deposits. Here, I reconstructed the hydrogeological conditions of the substrate and the implication for the eruptive dynamics. As a second case study, I carried out detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the succession of El Golfo tuff cone (Lanzarote, Canary Islands). The main objective of the work was to describe in detail the structure and association of facies of this edifice and use this information to infer changes in eruption style and depositional processes. Another type of eruption was studied in the same archipelago at El Hierro, an island essentially characterized by basaltic volcanism with both Strombolian and Hawaiian activity. Here I reported the stratigraphic, lithological, sedimentological and petrographic characteristics of a felsic hydrovolcanic episode in order to discuss, transport/depositional mechanisms, dynamics, relative age and implications for hazard assessment on the island. Finally, the same type of methodology was applied at Deception Island (Southern Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica), determining the lithological and sedimentological characteristics, and clasts distribution (isopach and isopleth maps) of the eruption of 1970. This information was, then, used to determine depositional processes, eruption style and physical parameters (i.e. plume height, erupted volume, VEI) of the eruption in order to compare this episode with the previous 1967 episode, and to deduce their implications to conduct hazard assessment at the island. Each work represents a diverse aspect of hydrovolcanism and the results obtained helped to better understand the eruptive behavior of this type of volcanoes, which is a fundamental task in order to understand the possible future hazards associated with this type of volcanism. The results obtained can be applied to monogenetic volcanic fields worldwide and are, therefore, useful to reconstruct the evolution of a certain volcanic fields, through the study of single monogenetic volcanoes, and to evaluate the possible volcanic hazards, as similar eruptions represent a serious threat, which is often underestimated. A more systematic study is, thus, needed in order to understand the role of shallow-level conditions in the formation of specific volcano types in such complex volcanic fields.
El vulcanismo monogenético se caracteriza por una gran diversidad de estilos eruptivos, morfologías y depósitos. Los tipos de edificios que se forman son el resultado de una compleja combinación de parámetros que rigen la física de la erupción. La atención de este trabajo se centra en la relación entre los edificios volcánicos monogenéticos y las variables externas que influyen en la dinámica de las erupciones (es decir, magmatismo vs freatomagmatismo) a través de un punto de vista multidisciplinar, en ambientes continentales y marinos en los que el vulcanismo puede desarrollar. Diferentes estudios, representativos de este tipo de actividad en diferentes entornos geográficos y geológicos, se han llevado a cabo. El primer ejemplo corresponde al volcán de La Crosa de Sant Dalmai (Campo Volcánico de La Garrotxa) donde se han reconstruido las condiciones hidrogeológicas del sustrato y la implicación para la dinámica eruptiva. Como segundo caso de estudio, se ha realizado una estratigrafía de detalle del cono de toba de El Golfo (Lanzarote, Islas Canarias), donde se han estudiado los mecanismos de emplazamiento de los depósitos para inferir cambios en la interacción magma/agua. Otro tipo de erupción se ha investigado en el mismo archipiélago, en la Isla de El Hierro, determinando las características físicas de un episodio félsico de origen hidrovolcánico ocurrido en una isla que se caracteriza esencialmente por el vulcanismo basáltico tanto Estromboliano como Hawaiiano. Por último, este mismo tipo de metodología se ha aplicado a la Isla Decepción (archipiélago de las Shetland del Sur, Antártida), estableciendo los parámetros físicos de la erupción del 1970 con el fin de comparar este episodio con el evento anterior del 1967, y deducir sus consecuencias para llevar a cabo la evaluación de peligrosidad en la isla. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser aplicados a campos volcánicos monogenéticos en todo el mundo y, por tanto, son útiles para reconstruir la evolución de ciertos campos volcánicos, a través del estudio de volcanes monogenéticos individuales, para evaluar los posibles riesgos volcánicos, teniendo en cuenta como erupciones similares representan una grave amenaza, que es a menudo subestimada.
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Hendrie, Derek Bruce. "Numerical modelling of extension and magmatism in continental rift basins." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240846.

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Albaric, Julie. "Relations entre déformation active, rhéologie et magmatisme dans un rift continental : étude sismologique de la divergence nord-tanzanienne, rift est-africain." Brest, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495984v2.

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Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre le rôle respectif et l’interaction entre les différents mécanismes qui contrôlent l’initiation et le développement des rifts (magmatisme, faille, fabrique lithosphérique, rhéologie). Pour ce faire, le premier réseau local de 35 stations sismologiques a été déployé dans la Divergence Nord-Tanzanienne, la portion la plus jeune du Rift Est-Africain, pendant une période de six mois. Les signaux des séismes proches et lointains sont utilisés comme indicateurs de l’histogénèse, de la résistance crustale, de champs de déformation et de contraintes, et renseignent aussi sur la structure et l’anisotropie lithosphérique. Une crise sismique enregistrée au Nord de la Tanzanie (Gelai) illustre la co-existence de processus magmatiques et tectoniques, avec mise en place d’un dyke et e comportement à la fois asismique (glissement lent) et sismique (séisme de magnitude Mw 5. 9) de failles normales. La crise de Gelai indique le rôle majeur et auparavant Insoupçonné des processus asismiques dans l’accommodation de la déformation. Des séismes crustaux remarquablement profonds ont été observés plus au sud, dans la région du Lac Manyara. La sismicité de Manyara est associée à des glissements en faille normale et en décrochement probablement déclenchés par des fluides en base de croûte. L’ensemble de la sismicité enregistrée dans la DNT indique l’influence de l’héritage structural, ce qui s’observe aussi à l’échelle lithosphérique, par le biais de l’anisotropie sismique
The objective of this study is to better understand the role and the interaction between the different mechanisms that control rift initiation and development (magmatism, fauting, lithospheric fabric, rheology). To this end, a local seismic network has been deployed for the first time in the youngest part of the East African Rift, the North Tanzanian Divergence, for six months. Seismic signal was analyzed to characterize earthquake triggering mechanisms, crustal strength, strain and stress field, and seismic anisotropy. A seismic crisis occurred in North Tanzania (Gelai) involving dyking, seismic and aseismic slip. The Gelai crisis highlights the potential major role of aseismic processes in strain accommodation. Deep crustal earthquakes were recorded in the Lake Manyara region, Manyara seismicity is associated with strike-slip and normal faulting most Iikely triggered by fluids at depth. The influence of structural inheritance on rifting is indicated at lithospheric scale by seismicity and seismic anisotropy
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Peace, Alexander Lewis. "Structural inheritance and magmatism during continental breakup in West Greenland and Eastern Canada." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11877/.

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Continental extension causes rifting and thinning of the lithosphere that may result in breakup and eventually the initiation of seafloor spreading and passive continental margin development. Ambiguity exists regarding the roles of magmatism and structural inheritance during rifting and continental breakup during this process. This study focuses on the importance of these controls on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic separation between West Greenland and Eastern Canada. It is important to improve our knowledge of the processes that influenced breakup as the current understanding of these processes is limited and also to reduce hydrocarbon exploration risk in this tectonic setting. During this study passive margin processes were investigated using a variety of methodologies at a range of scales from that of conjugate margin pairs (Chapters 4 and 5), through margin and basin scale studies (Chapter 6) to the smallest scale on individual igneous intrusions (Chapter 7). At the largest scale an assessment of the magmatic and structural asymmetry between the conjugate margins of the Labrador Sea based primarily on field data and subsequent analysis near Makkovik, Labrador, but also other large-scale geophysical datasets demonstrated that early rifting was dominated by simple shear rather than pure shear. In such a scenario Labrador was have been the lower plate margin to the upper plate southwest Greenland margin. Further analysis of field observations indicated that rifting of the Labrador Sea region may have been aided by a favourably orientated basement metamorphic fabric and that observable onshore brittle deformation structures may be related to Mesozoic rifting. Further north in the Davis Strait, seismic interpretation at the margin and basin scale allowed a series of seismic surfaces, isochrons and a new offshore fault map to be produced. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the geometry of rift basins was primarily controlled by pre-existing structures, an assertion supported by observations of reactivation onshore in West Greenland. Finally, at the smallest scale, results of numerical modelling offshore Newfoundland demonstrated that even on non- volcanic passive margins, intrusive magmatism can influence thermal evolution. In addition, the presence of widespread igneous rocks on passive margins may be indicative of regional-scale thermal perturbations that should be considered in source rock maturation studies. Overall, the conclusion of this project is that both magmatism and structural inheritance have profoundly influenced the continental breakup between West Greenland and Eastern Canada, and that interplay between these two complex groups of mechanisms may have also contributed to the geological evolution of this area.
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Korenaga, Jun 1970. "Magmatism and dynamics of continental breakup in the presence of a mantle plume." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55334.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-270).
This thesis studies the dynamics of mantle melting during continental breakups by geophysical, geochemical, and numerical analyses. The first part focuses on the mantle melting and crustal accretion processes during the formation of the Southeast Greenland margin, on the basis of deep-crustal seismic data. A new seismic tomographic method is developed to jointly invert refraction and reflection travel times for a compressional velocity structure, and a long-wavelength structure with strong lateral heterogeneity is successfully recovered, including 30- to 15-km-thick igneous crust within a 150-km-wide continent-ocean transition zone. A nonlinear Monte Carlo analysis is also conducted to establish the absolute uncertainty of model parameters. The derived crustal structure is first used to resolve the origin of a margin gravity high, with new inversion schemes using both seismic and gravity constraints. Density anomalies producing the gravity high seem to be confined within the upper crust, not in the lower crust as suggested for other volcanic margins. A new robust framework is then developed for the petrological interpretation of the velocity structure of igneous crust, and the thick igneous crust formed at the continentocean transition zone is suggested to have resulted from vigorous active upwelling of mantle with only somewhat elevated potential temperature. In the second part, the nature of mantle melting during the formation of the North Atlantic igneous province is studied on the basis of the major element chemistry of erupted lavas. A new fractionation correction scheme based on the Ni concentrations of mantle olivine is used to estimate primary melt compositions, which suggest that this province is characterized by a large degree of major element source heterogeneity. In the third part, the nature of preexisting sublithospheric convection is investigated by a series of finite element analyses, because the strength of such convection is important to define the "normal" state of mantle, the understanding of which is essential to identify any anomalous behavior of mantle such as a mantle plume. The results suggest that small-scale convection is likely in normal asthenosphere, and that the upwelling velocity in such convection is on the order of 1- 10 cm/yr.
by Jun Korenaga.
Ph.D.
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Brunner, Anna Elizabeth. "Decarbonization related to continental arc magmatism as a possible mechanism for Cretaceous warming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114357.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-56).
Elevated concentrations of CO₂ have been proposed as the reason that the Cretaceous climate was 6-14°C warmer than the present, however the source of Cretaceous CO₂ is unknown [Barron, 1983]. This study examines the possibility of continental arc magmatism as a mechanism for CO2 release, specifically as a volatile produced during crustal assimilation and contact metamorphism of carbonates around plutons. Bedrock maps of the North American Cordillera (a region of active continental arc magmatism during the Cretaceous), the relative locations of the carbonates, the Cretaceous plutons, and the calculated "decarbonation zones"around the plutons. These measurements were then input in a thermal and petrologoical model in order to estimate the quantity of CO₂ released by continental arc magmatism. Testing a number of cases with varying parameters, the model found the arc-magmatism-induced temperature difference between the present and Cretaceous global climates to have a lower limit of [Delta]T < 1°C and an upper limit of 5.1 < [Delta]T < 12.3°C. Decarbonation from continental arc magmatism is shown to be a possible mechanism of paleoclimatic warming, and more work is required to either confirm or refute the hypothesis.
by Anna Elizabeth Brunner.
S.B.
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Orme, Helen M. "Silicic magmatism and continental break-up : the Frontal Cordillera Composite Batholith, Mendoza, Argentina." Thesis, Kingston University, 1999. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20359/.

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The Frontal Cordillera Composite Batholith (FCCB) is made up of a string of granitic plutons thought to be Permo-Triassic in age, that stretch with a N/S strike for the entire length of the Chilean and Argentine Frontal Cordillera (FC). Associated spatially and temporally with the batholith is a series of volcanic rocks called the Choiyoi Formation. Seven FC stocks were studied: the Boca del Rio, Cacheuta, Cerro Médanos, Cerro Arenales, Cerro Bayo, Punta Negra and Punta Blanca. They are high-K, I-type metaluminous, calc-alkaline granitic plutons, which range in composition from granodiorites to monzogranites to syenogranites. Contact relationships between the granitic stocks and the Choiyoi Formation, long thought to be their effusive equivalents, are intrusive, suggesting that the volcanic rocks are older. Chemically, the Choiyoi Formation rocks are also high K, alkalic and silica undersaturated, and similar to the granites. The stocks contain typical metaluminous modal mineralogies of plagioclase, quartz and alkali feldspar felsic phases, with amphibole and biotite as mafics, and magnetite, zircon, titanite, apatite and allanite as accessories. Field studies and P-T data from amphiboles suggest depths of emplacement of less than 10km. All the stocks have been affected by hydrothermal alteration, the main effects being sericitisation and/or argillisation of plagioclase cores, chloritisation of biotite and amphibole and oxidation of magnetite to haematite. The source of the hydrothermal fluids is thought to be the granites themselves. Four of the stocks were modelled with major, trace and rare earth elements. It was concluded that the Cacheuta stock evolved to aplitic compositions by ~35% fractionation of mainly plagioclase and alkali feldspar; the Cerro Arenales stock by ~30% fractionation of plagioclase, biotite and k-spar; and the Punta Negra stock by ~25% fractionation of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz. The Punta Blanca stock was interpreted as consisting of more than one batch of magma. The granites from this segment of the FCCB differ from typical I-type granites in some crucial respects: 1) they are mainly high K, 2) alkali feldspar crystallised early and fractionated in the more evolved stocks, 3) the stocks contain high Ba and intermediate Sr, with U and Th enrichment in the leucocratic stocks, and 4) the stocks form part of a batholith in which granites predominate over granodiorites and tonalites. Typical I-type Cordilleran batholiths like the Coastal Batholith of Peru, are predominantly tonalitic to granodioritic. Three stocks from the study area were dated by the U-Pb zircon method. These are the first such dates for any plutons of the FCCB. The Punta Blanca stock was found to be 276 ± 1 Ma old, the Cerro Médanos stock 263 ± 1 Ma old, and the Cerro Bayo stock 262 ± 3 Ma old. All of these ages are in the Lower Permian. Sr-Nd isotopes suggest that the Choiyoi Formation and FCCB stocks were derived from different lower crustal sources which were variably enriched with [sup]87 Sr and unradiogenic Nd, extracted from the mantle at ~1.3 Ga and ~1.25 Ga, respectively. AFC processes are not thought to be important. The geodynamic circumstances which lead to the generation of the Choiyoi Formation and the FCCB are still not clear. The evidence collected during this study suggests that the Choiyoi phase of volcanism subsequent to the movements of the San Rafael Orogenic Phase at the end of the Carboniferous was possibly the result of extension, which caused extensive melting of a lower crustal source extracted from the mantle at ~1.3 Ga. This was followed by a switch in tectonic style in the Early Permian, possibly due to the intiation of oblique subduction, which lead to the sampling of a younger lower crustal source and the formation of the FCCB. This scenario is analogous to that recorded by Rapela et al., (1996) further to the south in the 'Gondwana' magmatism of Patagonia between the Late Triassic to Jurassic.
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Johnson, Nicholas Edward. "Magnetotelluric studies of the crust and upper mantle in a zone of active continental breakup, Afar, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7739.

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The Afar region of Ethiopia is slowly being torn apart by the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Main Ethiopian rifts which all meet at this remote, barren corner of Africa. Prior to rifting, volcanism probably started here some 30 million years ago, marked by the arrival of the Afar mantle plume and subsequent eruption of kilometres thick flood basalts. To the north and east the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rifts have already progressed to become sea-floor spreading centres where new oceanic crust is produced. Active spreading on the Red Sea rift takes a landward step west into Eritrean Afar at approximately 15oN, after which divergence between the Nubian and Arabian tectonic plates is localised into 60 km long, 20 km wide magmatic segments that undergo periodic rifting cycles. This part of Afar is a unique natural laboratory where the process of transition from continental rifting to sea floor spreading can be studied. In September 2005 a dramatic rifting episode began on one such segment of the Red Sea rift in Afar (the Dabbahu magmatic segment), whereby a 60 km long dyke containing an estimated 2.5 km3 magma was intruded in just two weeks, allowing opening of up to 8 m. Since then a further 13 smaller dykes have been intruded, some with fissural eruptions of basaltic lava. Subsidence observed via geodetic observations can only account for a small fraction of the magma supply required to in ate the dykes, suggesting a deep crustal or upper mantle source must exist. The magnetotelluric (MT) method is a passive geophysical technique, used to probe the Earth to reveal subsurface conductivity. The presence of fluids can dramatically increase conductivity by orders of magnitude making the MT method ideally suited to detecting them. MT data collected from 22 sites on profiles near to and crossing the active rift are analysed and interpreted in conjunction with seismic and petrological constraints. They reveal for the first time, the existence of both a mid to lower-crustal magma chamber directly below the rift, and an o -axis zone of partial melt well within the mantle. The volume of melt contained within the crust and upper mantle below the Dabbahu segment is estimated to be at least 350 km3; enough to supply the rift at current spreading rates for almost 30 thousand years, assuming that both melt containing regions supply the rift. Vast amounts of highly conductive material, suggesting the existence of pure melt in places, are also required in the shallow crust close to Dabbahu volcano which lies at the northern end of the segment. Further data collected on the currently inactive Hararo segment which is the next one to the south of Dabbahu, show a smaller zone of partial melt that appears to be pooling at the Moho, inferred seismically to be at about 22 km, but little or no melt is required within the mid-crust. The minimum amount of melt estimated to be contained here is just 21 km3; an order of magnitude less than on the Dabbahu segment, but similar to estimates for melt within the crust found below the rift axis in the continental Main Ethiopian rift. This, along with other morphological evidence, suggests that this rift segment is less mature than the Dabbahu segment to the north, rather than it simply being at a different stage of a rifting cycle. A wide spread layer of highly conductive sediments up to 2 km thick has been imaged at most locations. This was unexpected on the Dabbahu segment where the surface of the Earth is dominated by heavily faulted basalts erupted from fissures, which are seen as a resistive uppermost layer several hundred metres thick. The high conductivity of the sediments is attributed to high heat flow and the presence of brines.
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Books on the topic "Continental magmatism"

1

Assembly, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior General. Continental magmatism abstracts. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, 1989.

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International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. General Assembly. Continental magmatism: Program and directory. [Santa Fe, N.M.?]: IAVCEI, 1989.

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C, Storey Bryan, Alabaster T, and Pankhurst R. J, eds. Magmatism and the causes of continental break-up. London: Geological Society, 1992.

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Frolova, Tatʹi︠a︡na Ivanovna. Magmatizm i preobrazovanie zemnoĭ kory aktivnykh okrain. Moskva: "Nedra", 1989.

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Vroon, Pieter Zeger. Subduction of continental material in the Banda Arc, eastern Indonesia: Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and trace-element evidence from volcanics and sediments. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 1992.

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I, Khanchuk A., International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits., and Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk. Dalʹnevostochnoe otdelenie., eds. Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest: Tectonics, magmatism, and metallogeny of active continental margins. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2004.

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Korenaga, Jun. Magmatism and dynamics of continental breakup in the presence of a mantle plume. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

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I, Khanchuk A., Gonevchuk G. A, Seltmann Reimar, International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits., Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk. Dalʹnevostochnoe otdelenie., and Dalʹnevostochnyĭ geologicheskiĭ institut (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk), eds. Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East): Tectonics, magmatism, and metallogeny of active continental margins : interim IAGOD Conference, 1-20 September, 2004, Vladivostok, Russia : excursion guidebook. Vladivostok: Dalnauka Publishing House, 2004.

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Izosov, L. A. Zapadno-Sikhotė-Alinskiĭ okrainno-kontinentalʹnyĭ vulkanicheskiĭ poi︠a︡s i ego tektonicheskai︠a︡ pozit︠s︡ii︠a︡ v Zapadno-Tikhookeanskoĭ zone perekhoda kontinent--okean. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2005.

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J, Michot, Demaiffe Daniel, and Université libre de Bruxelles. Laboratoires associés de géologie, petrologie, et géochronologie., eds. Petrology and geochemistry of magmatic suites of rocks in the continental and oceanic crusts: A volume dedicated to Professor Jean Michot. Bruxelles: ULB, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Continental magmatism"

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Wilson, Marjorie. "Continental rift zone magmatism." In Igneous Petrogenesis, 325–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9388-0_11.

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Wilson, Marjorie. "Potassic magmatism within Continental plates." In Igneous Petrogenesis, 375–416. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9388-0_12.

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Jiracek, George R., Mark E. Ander, and H. Truman Holcombe. "Magnetotelluric Soundings of Crustal Conductive Zones in Major Continental Rifts." In Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism, 209–22. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp014p0209.

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Papadopoulos, G. A. "Cenozoic Magmatism, Deep Tectonics, and Crustal Deformation in the Aegean Sea." In Paleomagnetic Rotations and Continental Deformation, 95–113. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0869-7_7.

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Cowie, Patience A. "Normal Fault Growth in Three-Dimensions in Continental and Oceanic Crust." In Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges, 325–48. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm106p0325.

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Lloyd, F. E., A. T. Huntingdon, G. R. Davies, and P. H. Nixon. "Phanerozoic Volcanism of Southwest Uganda: A Case for Regional K and Lile Enrichment of the Lithosphere Beneath a Domed and Rifted Continental Plate." In Magmatism in Extensional Structural Settings, 23–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73966-8_3.

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Fayngerts, A. V. "Continental Sediments of the Early Cretaceous from Western Siberia. Part 1. Mesozoic Continental Sediments: Shestakovo Yar (Ilek Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Kemerovo Region), Vertebrate Fossils Site." In Geological Tour of Devonian and Ordovician Magmatism of Kuznetsk Alatau and Minusinsk Basin, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29559-2_1.

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Fayngerts, A. V. "Continental Sediments of the Early Cretaceous from Western Siberia. Part 2. Continental Mesozoic Sediments—Stratotype of the Lower Creataceous Ilek Formation (Bolshoi Ilek) at the Chulym River (Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk Region)." In Geological Tour of Devonian and Ordovician Magmatism of Kuznetsk Alatau and Minusinsk Basin, 143–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29559-2_6.

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Zhou, Yanyan, Qianying Sun, Taiping Zhao, and Chunrong Diwu. "The Paleoproterozoic Continental Evolution in the Southern North China Craton: Constrains from Magmatism and Sedimentation." In Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton, 251–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1064-4_10.

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DePaolo, Donald J. "Continental Magmatic Arcs." In Minerals and Rocks, 130–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48916-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Continental magmatism"

1

Hawkesworth, C. J., and K. Gallagher. "Continental Magmatism and Asymmetry in the South Atlantic." In 3rd International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.324.1342.

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Ernesto, M. "Continental Basaltic Magmatism and the Opening of the South Atlantic." In 3rd International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.324.1345.

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Hawkesworth, C. J., S. Turner, N. Gallagher, S. Kelley, M. Regelous, and M. S. M. Mantovani. "Magmatism, Uplift and Erosion Along the Continental Margin of SE Brazil." In 3rd International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.324.1352.

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Greber, Nicolas, Sarah Aarons, Jesse Reimink, Paul Savage, Julian-Christopher Storck, and Nicolas Dauphas. "A non-traditional stable isotope perspective on early Earth continental magmatism." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.11457.

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Lundin, Erik, Anthony Doré, Jolante van Wijk, Michael Berry, John Naliboff, and David Coblentz. "CONTINENTAL TRANSFORM FAULTS, KEY ELEMENTS FOR BREAK-UP, MAGMATISM AND MARGIN ARCHITECTURE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-331112.

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Hildebrand, Robert S., and Joseph B. Whalen. "COLLISION, SLAB FAILURE MAGMATISM, CORDILLERAN BATHOLITHS AND THE ORIGIN OF CONTINENTAL CRUST." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-278428.

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Pompe, Lance R., Benjamin L. Clausen, Scott R. Paterson, Kevin E. Nick, Ana M. Martínez, and Orlando P. Porras. "EPISODIC CONTINENTAL ARC MAGMATISM IN THE PERUVIAN ANDES FROM U-PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-304862.

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Biggs, Juliet, Jo Gottsmann, Tesfaye Temtime, Elias Lewi, and Atalay Ayele. "NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAGMATISM WITHIN MATURE CONTINENTAL RIFTS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357107.

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Regenauer-Lieb*, Klaus, Jie Liu, Gideon Rosenbaum, Roberto Weinberg, Ali Karrech, Manolis Veveakis*, and Thomas Poulet. "Modelling the Complexity of Continental Breakup and Basin Formation Including the Role of Magmatism." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2211366.

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Leeman, William, and Martin Streck. "LATE CENOZOIC MAGMATISM OF THE NORTHWESTERN U.S. – THE ROLE OF SUB-CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE (SCLM)." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368728.

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Reports on the topic "Continental magmatism"

1

Zagorevski, A., and C. R. van Staal. Cordilleran magmatism in Yukon and northern British Columbia: characteristics, temporal variations, and significance for the tectonic evolution of the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326063.

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Geochemical and temporal characterization of magmatic rocks is an effective way to test terrane definitions and to evaluate tectonic models. In the northern Cordillera, magmatic episodes are mostly interpreted as products of continental arc and back-arc settings. Re-evaluation of Paleozoic and Late Mesozoic magmatic episodes presented herein highlights fundamental gaps in the understanding of the tectonic framework of the northern Cordillera. In many cases, the character of magmatism and temporal relationships between various magma types do not support existing tectonic models. The present re-evaluation indicates that some of the magmatic episodes are best explained by lithospheric extension rather than arc magmatism. In addition, comparison to modern analogues suggests that many presently defined terranes are not the fundamental tectonic building blocks, but rather combine distinctly different tectonic elements that may not be related each other. Grouping of these distinctly different tectonic elements into single terranes hinders the understanding of Cordilleran evolution and its mineral deposits.
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Manor, M. J., and S. J. Piercey. Whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Nd-Hf isotopes, and in situ zircon geochemistry of VMS-related felsic rocks, Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328992.

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The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is composed of a Late Paleozoic arc-backarc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host &amp;gt;40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical and isotopic data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc-marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust- and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and evolved to chondritic isotopic signatures, in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages. These geochemical features reflect the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks and likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization in the district. Preliminary in situ zircon chemistry supports these arguments with Th/U and Hf isotopic fingerprinting, where it is interpreted that the VMS-bearing lithofacies formed via crustal melting and mixing with increased juvenile, mafic magmatism; rocks that were less prospective have predominantly crustal signatures. These observations are consistent with the formation of VMS-related felsic rocks by basaltic underplating, crustal melting, and basalt-crustal melt mixing within an extensional setting. This work offers a unique perspective on magmatic petrogenesis that underscores the importance of integrating whole-rock with mineral-scale geochemistry in the characterization of VMS-related stratigraphy.
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Milidragovic, D., and N. Cleven. Field relationships indicating cumulate intermingling at the Wrede Creek and Lunar Creek Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic intrusions, north-central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331430.

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Convergent margin-related magmatic deposits hosted by ultramafic-mafic intrusions are becoming an increasingly important global resource of Ni-Cu-PGE. In the northern Canadian Cordillera, a sub-class of ultramafic-mafic intrusions, known as the Alaskan-type intrusions, are hosted within the accreted arc terranes of the North American continental margin. These intrusions have long been recognized for their chromite-associated PGE mineralization potential. However, their potential to host significant Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization and to be used in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through permanent carbon mineralization is becoming increasingly studied. This report describes the main lithologies and field relationships observed at the Wrede Creek and Lunar Creek Alaskan-type intrusions in British Columbia during recent fieldwork.
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Keen, C. E., K. Dickie, L. T. Dafoe, T. Funck, J. K. Welford, S A Dehler, U. Gregersen, and K J DesRoches. Rifting and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321854.

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The evolution of the 2000 km long Mesozoic rift system underlying the Labrador-Baffin Seaway is described, with emphasis on results from geophysical data sets, which provide the timing, sediment thickness, and crustal structure of the system. The data sets include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, and magnetic data, with additional constraints provided by near-surface geology and well data. Many features that characterize rift systems globally are displayed, including: wide and narrow rift zones; magma-rich and magma-poor margin segments; exhumation of continental mantle in distal, magma-poor zones; and occurrences of thick basalts, associated with the development of seaward-dipping reflectors, and magmatic underplating. The magma-rich regions were affected by Paleogene volcanism, perhaps associated with a hotspot or plume. Plate reconstructions help elucidate the plate tectonic history and modes of rifting in the region; however, many questions remain unanswered with respect to this rift system.
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Matte, S., M. Constantin, and R. Stevenson. Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the Kipawa syenite complex, Quebec: implications for rare-earth element deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329212.

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The Kipawa rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the Parautochton zone of the Grenville Province 55 km south of the boundary with the Superior Province. The deposit is part of the Kipawa syenite complex of peralkaline syenites, gneisses, and amphibolites that are intercalated with calc-silicate rocks and marbles overlain by a peralkaline gneissic granite. The REE deposit is principally composed of eudialyte, mosandrite and britholite, and less abundant minerals such as xenotime, monazite or euxenite. The Kipawa Complex outcrops as a series of thin, folded sheet imbricates located between regional metasediments, suggesting a regional tectonic control. Several hypotheses for the origin of the complex have been suggested: crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas, crustal melting, fluid alteration, metamorphism, and hydrothermal activity. Our objective is to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic composition of the Kipawa complex in order to improve our understanding of the formation and the post-formation processes, and the age of the complex. The complex has been deformed and metamorphosed with evidence of melting-recrystallization textures among REE and Zr rich magmatic and post magmatic minerals. Major and trace element geochemistry obtained by ICP-MS suggest that syenites, granites and monzonite of the complex have within-plate A2 type anorogenic signatures, and our analyses indicate a strong crustal signature based on TIMS whole rock Nd isotopes. We have analyzed zircon grains by SEM, EPMA, ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS coupled with laser ablation (Lu-Hf). Initial isotopic results also support a strong crustal signature. Taken together, these results suggest that alkaline magmas of the Kipawa complex/deposit could have formed by partial melting of the mantle followed by strong crustal contamination or by melting of metasomatized continental crust. These processes and origins strongly differ compare to most alkaline complexes in the world. Additional TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses are planned to investigate whether all lithologies share the same strong crustal signature.
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