Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continental crust

Academic literature on the topic 'Continental crust'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Continental crust"

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MOONEY, W. D. "Continental Geophysics: The Continental Crust." Science 236, no. 4798 (April 10, 1987): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4798.206.

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Rudnick, Roberta L. "Making continental crust." Nature 378, no. 6557 (December 1995): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378571a0.

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Smith, Kevin. "Continental Lower Crust." Lithos 31, no. 3-4 (January 1994): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(94)90013-2.

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Hacker, Bradley R., Peter B. Kelemen, and Mark D. Behn. "Continental Lower Crust." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 43, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 167–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124117.

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Rivalenti, Giorgio. "Continental lower crust." Chemical Geology 109, no. 1-4 (October 1993): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90084-v.

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Mengel, Kurt. "Continental lower crust." Tectonophysics 227, no. 1-4 (November 1993): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90097-4.

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Dhuime, Bruno, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Hélène Delavault, and Peter A. Cawood. "Rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust: implications for continental growth." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2132 (October 2018): 20170403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0403.

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Less than 25% of the volume of the juvenile continental crust preserved today is older than 3 Ga, there are no known rocks older than approximately 4 Ga, and yet a number of recent models of continental growth suggest that at least 60–80% of the present volume of the continental crust had been generated by 3 Ga. Such models require that large volumes of pre-3 Ga crust were destroyed and replaced by younger crust since the late Archaean. To address this issue, we evaluate the influence on the rock record of changing the rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust at different times in Earth's history. We adopted a box model approach in a numerical model constrained by the estimated volumes of continental crust at 3 Ga and the present day, and by the distribution of crust formation ages in the present-day crust. The data generated by the model suggest that new continental crust was generated continuously, but with a marked decrease in the net growth rate at approximately 3 Ga resulting in a temporary reduction in the volume of continental crust at that time. Destruction rates increased dramatically around 3 billion years ago, which may be linked to the widespread development of subduction zones. The volume of continental crust may have exceeded its present value by the mid/late Proterozoic. In this model, about 2.6–2.3 times of the present volume of continental crust has been generated since Earth's formation, and approximately 1.6–1.3 times of this volume has been destroyed and recycled back into the mantle. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Earth dynamics and the development of plate tectonics'.
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Campbell, Ian H., and D. Rhodri Davies. "Raising the continental crust." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 460 (February 2017): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.011.

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Sato, Takeshi, Tetsuo No, Ryuta Arai, Seiichi Miura, and Shuichi Kodaira. "Transition from continental rift to back-arc basin in the southern Japan Sea deduced from seismic velocity structures." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 722–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa006.

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SUMMARY We obtain the crustal structure from active-source seismic surveys using ocean bottom seismographs and seismic shots to elucidate the evolutionary process from continental rifting to the backarc basin opening in the Yamato Basin and Oki Trough in the southern Japan Sea. Results show that the crust changes from approximately 14–15 km thick in the basin (the southern Yamato Basin) to 16.5–17 km in the margin of the basin (the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin). The P-wave velocity distribution in the crust of the southern Yamato Basin is missing a typical continental upper crust with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1, and is thought be a thicker oceanic crust formed by a backarc basin opening. By contrast, the crust of the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin might have been formed by continental rifting because there is an unit with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1 and with a gentle velocity gradients, corresponding to the continental upper crust in this area. This variation might reflect differences in mantle properties from continental rifting to backarc basin opening of the Yamato Basin. Because the Oki Trough has a crustal thickness of 17–19 km and having a unit with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1, corresponding to the continental upper crust with a high-velocity lower crust, we infer that this trough was formed by continental rifting with magmatic intrusion or underplating. These crustal variations might reflect transitional stages from continental rifting to backarc basin opening in the southern Japan Sea.
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Fyfe, W. S. "Granites and a wet convecting ultramafic planenet." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 79, no. 2-3 (1988): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300014310.

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ABSTRACTGranites and their associated extrusive rocks are formed in large volumes whenever the continental crust is heated by rising hot mantle, or thickened by collision processes. The complexity of rocks of the granite family is related to the complexity of the continental crust itself and the complexity of processes which lead to thermal perturbations. The light continental crust acts as a density filter which screens out heavy mantle magmas and leads to complex underplating and magma mixing processes. Perhaps the primary cause of crustal melting is the deep recycling of volatiles which are fixed in the oceanic crust before subduction. Modern studies of subduction and collision processes show the large scale and complexity of processes which modify old continental crust.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continental crust"

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Teng, Fang-Zhen. "Lithium isotopic systematics of the continental crust." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3215.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Geology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Souquière, François. "Mechanics of earthquakes in the continental crust." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2047.

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This thesis aims at deciphering the complex and polyphase seismic deformation associated with two major pseudotachylyte-bearing fault zones, the pre-mesozoic Outer Hebrides Fault (OHF) in northwest Scotland, and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Canavese fault zone and adjacent Ivrea zone in the Italian Alps. For both areas, the deformation was analysed from the field scale to scanning electron microscope scale to scanning electron microscope scale. In addition, Ar:Ar absolute dating was performed on Italian pseudotachylytes. The first part of this thesis shows that the OHF in the south Uist-Barra area is clearly segmented: the northern Stulabhal segment is characterized by quartz-feldspar gneisses (QF gneisses) in the foot wall and by two –pyroxene gneisses (Corodale gneisses) in the hanging-wall. The southern Eriskay segment is characterized by QF gneisses both in the hanging wal. Moreover, the Stulabhal segment is underlined by a continuous and mappable, several meters thick, pseudotachylyte sole at the base of the hanging wall, and by diffuse pseudotachylyte fault vein in the footwall, while the Eriksay segment consists of several faults outlined by pseudotachylyte-rich zones whose thickness never exceeds 1 m. […]In the second part of this thesis, we clarify the spatial and temporal distribution of pseudotachylyte in the Val Sesia area of the Ivrea zone. Pseudotachylytesin the Balmuccia periotite tectonic lens were formed during at least two periods:before Permian times and lateCretaceous to Tertiary. Pseudotachylytes in gabbroic rocks are randomly distributed over two-kilometrer-wide belt and were formed in the early Cretaceous. Pseudotachylytes in paragneisses distributed near the Canavese fault were formed in Eocene Times and are probably related to the thrusting of the Sesia zone over the Ivrea zone. This polyphase formation accompanied the exhumation of the Ivrea crust. […] This comparative analysis between the two fault zones brings information pertaining to the mechanical behavior of the continental crust.
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Ma, Xiaofei. "USArray Imaging of North American Continental Crust." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6904.

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The layered structure and bulk composition of continental crust contains important clues about its history of mountain-building, about its magmatic evolution, and about dynamical processes that continue to happen now. Geophysical and geological features such as gravity anomalies, surface topography, lithospheric strength and the deformation that drives the earthquake cycle are all directly related to deep crustal chemistry and the movement of materials through the crust that alter that chemistry. The North American continental crust records billions of years of history of tectonic and dynamical changes. The western U.S. is currently experiencing a diverse array of dynamical processes including modification by the Yellowstone hotspot, shortening and extension related to Pacific coast subduction and transform boundary shear, and plate interior seismicity driven by flow of the lower crust and upper mantle. The midcontinent and eastern U.S. is mostly stable but records a history of ancient continental collision and rifting. EarthScope’s USArray seismic deployment has collected massive amounts of data across the entire United States that illuminates the deep continental crust, lithosphere and deeper mantle. This study uses EarthScope data to investigate the thickness and composition of the continental crust, including properties of its upper and lower layers. One-layer and two-layer models of crustal properties exhibit interesting relationships to the history of North American continental formation and recent tectonic activities that promise to significantly improve our understanding of the deep processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Model results show that seismic velocity ratios are unusually low in the lower crust under the western U.S. Cordillera. Further modeling of how chemistry affects the seismic velocity ratio at temperatures and pressures found in the lower crust suggests that low seismic velocity ratios occur when water is mixed into the mineral matrix, and the combination of high temperature and water may point to small amounts of melt in the lower crust of Cordillera.
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Lancaster, Penelope Jane. "Secular evolution of the continental crust through detrital zircon." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529845.

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Spencer, Christopher J. "Generation and preservation of continental crust in collisional orogenic systems." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11966.

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The continental crust is the archive of Earth history. Much of what we know about the development of Earth is learned from the continental crust, and it is within the crust that many natural resources are found. Hence, understanding its formation and evolution is a key aspect to a deeper knowledge of the Earth system. This thesis is a study of the processes that have formed and shaped the distribution of continental crust, with specific focus on crustal development associated with the Rodinian supercontinent and the Grenville Orogeny spanning ca. 1200 to 900 Ma. Specifically it addresses an aspect of the incompleteness of the record of continental crust formation. The preserved continental crust is punctuated with periods of lesser and greater frequency of geologic features, e.g., the temporal distribution of the ages of mineral deposits, juvenile granitoids, eclogites, granulites, and the U-Pb crystallization ages of zircons now preserved in modern and ancient sediments (see Gastil, 1960; Barley and Groves, 1992; Condie, 1998; Campbell and Allen, 2008; Brown, 2007; Bradley, 2011). In addition, interpretive features in the geologic record also have an apparent episodic distribution such as passive margins (Bradley, 2011) and supercontinents (Condie, 1998). The episodic nature of these geologic phenomena implies either an episodic formation or preferential preservation of continental crust. These two end member models have been explained through a number of geologic processes such as eruption of superplumes, global disruption of thermal structure of the mantle, assembly of supercontinents, collisional orogenesis. Through the chapters outlined below, this thesis explores the connection of these episodic geologic events with key isotopic signals, principally U-Pb, Hf, and O isotopes in zircon supplemented by sedimentology, structural geology, and igneous geochemistry. It comprises a series of chapters developed around manuscripts prepared for publication.
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Bauer, Ann M. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Archean continental crust formation and the rise of atmospheric oxygen." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113798.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2017.
Page 376 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis examines critical aspects of the terrestrial environment that have resulted in a habitable planetary surface: the establishment of the continental crust and the progressive rise of an oxygenated atmosphere. The volume of continental crust on the earliest Earth is a critical parameter for constraining the chemical evolution of major terrestrial reservoirs, and radiogenic isotope signatures document this varying geochemical character. Chapter 1 presents a Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotopic characterization of zircons from the 4.0-2.9 Ga Acasta Gneiss Complex (AGC) and documents the magmatic extraction history of this domain, including changes in source compositions. These results are compared with a complementary dataset obtained using solution methods in Chapter 2. The integration of these results demonstrates the utility of performing coupled solution- and laser-based analyses on the same zircon populations to parse out U-Pb and Lu-Hf systematics. Zircons from many of these orthogneisses exhibit isotopic complexity due to the combined effects of accumulated radiation damage and repeated metamorphic episodes. For this reason, it is best to subsample zircon grains to isolate domains of distinct age and isotopic composition. In order to obtain suitable precision for subsampled domains, it was necessary to develop analytical techniques (Chapter 3) suited to small-volume analysis of the U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systems in zircon (via both laser ablation and solution analysis). In contrast to the whole rock Nd isotopic record of the AGC, the zircon Hf isotopic record does not indicate that rocks within the AGC were derived from a strongly depleted mantle. In order to evaluate the polymetamorphic evolution of these rocks, in Chapter 4 1 present a combined U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope and trace element study of MREE-rich accessory minerals. In Chapter 5, I investigate sedimentary pyrite formation pathways and the oxygenation history of the late Archean atmosphere using combined sulfur and iron isotope signals as recorded in distinct morphologies of pyrite. This work represents a critical step in deconstructing the pathways of S-MIF production, transfer and preservation in the sedimentary record. Collectively, these studies contribute to our understanding of the establishment and evolution of the early continental crust and an oxygenated atmosphere.
by Ann M. Bauer.
Ph. D.
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Dougherty-Page, Jon Stanley. "The evolution of the Archaean continental crust of Northern Zimbabwe." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54877/.

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Granitoid clasts preserved in Late Archaean conglomerates indicate the presence of continental crust in Northern Zimbabwe prior to the ≈ 2.7 to ≈ 2.6Ga "event" which terminated with the stabilisation of the Zimbabwe Craton. The "Kober Technique" (Kober, 1986, 1987) of direct thermal ionisation of zircons has been set up in order to investigate the geochronological record preserved in such clasts. Conglomerates were sampled from two localities, Shamva, within the central part of Northern Zimbabwe, and Chinhoyi, at the north-western boundary of the craton. The results from both localities demonstrate the presence of continental crust in Northern Zimbabwe with a long and complex history prior to the Late Archaean "event". The minimum age of continental crust in the Shamva region is 3.34 Ga (Sm-Nd model age),with further episodes of granitiod intrusion indicated by zircon crystallisation at 3/197 ± 10 Ma, 2,925 ± 10 Ma, and 2,800 ± 20 Ma (Pb-Pb zircon). The Chinhoyi region has a shorter, simpler history, with the earliest recorded continental crust at 2,875 ± 3 Ma and later intrusions of granitoids at 2/800 ± 20 Ma, and2,720 ± 6 Ma (Pb-Pb zircon). Chemically, the early crust was dominated by sodic, Tonalite Trondhjemite-Granodiorite granitoids, whose formation may be modelled by the partial melting of metabasalts with residual hornblende and/or garnet. By contrast, the granitoids formed during the Late Archaean "event" which culminated in the stabilisation of the craton, dominantly follow calc-alkalinetrends, and their formation may be modelled by the fractionation of basaltic magmas (combined with assimilation- of pre-existing continental material) or intra-crustal remelting. This major switch in the origins (and hence chemistry) of granitoids may be attributed to mantle plume activity, the onset of which is recorded by the presence of greens tone belt volcanics derived from anomalously hot mantle, dated at' 2,713 ± 15 Ma (U-Pb zircon Jelsma, 1993).
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Chang, Jefferson Castillo. "Seismic evidence and tectonic significance of an intracrustal reflector beneath the inner California continental borderland and peninsular ranges." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Quas-Cohen, Alexandra Catherine. "Norwegian orthopyroxene eclogites : petrogenesis and implications for metasomatism and crust-mantle interactions during subduction of continental crust." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/norwegian-orthopyroxene-eclogites-petrogenesis-and-implications-for-metasomatism-and-crustmantle-interactions-during-subduction-of-continental-crust(d7951acf-8fda-454b-b0a8-5fd28f8750da).html.

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This study investigates the ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic and metasomatic processes involved in the transient subduction-exhumation of continental crust to over 100km depths during a collisional orogeny and the implications for the evolution of the continental crust and crust-mantle interaction at depth. The study focuses on garnet websterites (orthopyroxene eclogites) and zoned, clinopyroxenite-garnetite veining features present in a range of eclogite-facies, crustal metamafic-ultramafic bodies hosted within the Western Gneiss Region (WGR), western Norway. The structural occurrences and textures of some of these crustal garnet websterites are seemingly unique to the WGR but little research has focused on their origin or from a metasomatic perspective. Based on field and petrographic observations, a metasomatic origin is attributed to vein-associated garnet websterites at Kolmannskog, Myrbærneset and Svartberget. A metamorphic origin is attributed to body domains at Nybø, Kolmannskog, Båtneset and Myrbærneset and a combined metamorphic-metasomatic origin is attributed to garnet websterite body domains at Årsheimneset and Remøysunde and inferred at Grytting and Eiksunddal. UHP P-T conditions are obtained from garnet websterites of ~3.7GPa, 740°C at Nybø, ~3.1GPa, 670°C at Grytting, ~3.5GPa, 700°C at Årsheimneset, ~3.6GPa, 815°C at Remøysunde, ~3.0GPa, 750°C at Kolmannskog and ~3.85GPa, 790°C at Svartberget. On this basis, it is proposed the Nordøyane UHP domain be extended eastwards to incorporate the Kolmannskog locality which lies outside its currently defined boundary. Constructed P-T paths suggest the northern Nordøyane UHP domain experienced ~100°C higher temperatures than the southern Nordfjord-Stadlandet UHP domain but experienced similar pressures implying a lower regional P-T gradient than previously established. P-T paths also suggest UHP, vein-forming metasomatism occurred prior to peak temperatures. U-Pb isotopic dating of zircon and monazites in garnetite vein cores dates UHP metasomatism at 414±5.6Ma at Årsheimneset and 410±2.6Ma at Svartberget. The fluid responsible for UHP metasomatism is considered to be a Si-Al-K-H2O-rich supercritical liquid produced in the surrounding country rock associated with the breakdown of phengite with a Na-LILE-LREE-HFSE-P enrichment signature. The major element composition of the fluid added to the Svartberget body is calculated to be 48-60% SiO¬2, 17-27% Al2O3, 3-11% K2O, <10% MgO, CaO and FeO, 3-6% Na2O, <4% P2O5¬, <1% TiO2 and MnO with an overall, undersaturated-saturated sialic, syenitic character hybridised through interaction with the garnet peridotite body margins. The continental fluid-mafic-ultramafic rock systems studied imply a zoned metasomatic unit forms at the interface between subducted continental crust and above mantle wedge at depths of ≥120-130km and along any fluid pathways penetrating into the mantle transferring abundant alkalis, water and trace elements into the mantle. Fluid-mantle interaction is proposed to form abundant biotite and amphibole and zones of garnet websterite, biotite websterite and biotite clinopyroxenite with lenses of eclogite and/or accessory phase (rutile, zircon, monazite, apatite, xenotime)-rich garnetite ±glimmerite selvages where residual fluids accumulate. Subcontinental mantle metasomatism may be associated with UHP, supercritical liquids derived from subducted, eclogite-facies, continental crust rather than oceanic crust as the continental crust is a greater source of the Si, alkalis, trace elements and water which characterise mantle metasomatism.
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Mercer, Celestine Nicole. "Mineralogical indicators of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in continental arc crust /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10250.

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Books on the topic "Continental crust"

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David, Fountain, Arculus R, and Kay Robert W, eds. Continental lower crust. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Barazangi, Muawia, and Larry Brown, eds. Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd014.

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Muawia, Barazangi, Brown Larry 1951-, American Geophysical Union, and International Symposium on Deep Structure of the Continental Crust: Results from Reflection Seismology (1984 : Cornell University), eds. Reflection seismology--the continental crust. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1986.

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S, Sinha-Roy, Gupta K. R, and Geological Society of India, eds. Continental crust of northwestern and central India. Bangalore: Geological Society of India, 1995.

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London, Geological Society of, ed. The Evolving continents: Understanding processes of continental growth. London: Geological Society, 2010.

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NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on Paleomagnetic Rotations and Continental Deformation (1988 Loutra Aidēpsou Greece). Paleomagnetic rotations and continental deformation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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1940-, Hatcher Robert D., ed. 4-D framework of continental crust. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2007.

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Rolf, Meissner, and International Symposium on Deep Reflection Profiling of the Continental Lithosphere (4th : 1990 : Bayreuth, Germany), eds. Continental lithosphere: Deep seismic reflections. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1991.

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Mahmood, Naqvi S., ed. Precambrian continental crust and its economic resources. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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A, Miller J., and Geological Society of London, eds. Continental reactivation and reworking. London, UK: Geological Society, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Continental crust"

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Arndt, Nicholas. "Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 536. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_344.

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Arndt, Nicholas. "Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 356. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_344.

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Arndt, Nicholas. "Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_344-4.

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Arndt, Nicholas. "Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_344-3.

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Arndt, Nicholas. "Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 659–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_344.

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Rudnick, Roberta L. "Earth’s Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_277-1.

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Rudnick, Roberta L. "Earth’s Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 392–418. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_277.

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Brown, G. C., and A. E. Mussett. "The continental crust." In The Inaccessible Earth, 186–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1516-2_10.

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Meissner, Rolf, and Hartmut Kern. "Earth’s Structure, Continental Crust." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 138–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_30.

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Beloussov, V. V. "Continental Rifts." In The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, 539–44. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm013p0539.

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Conference papers on the topic "Continental crust"

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Vynnycky, M., M. O’Brien, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "Magmatic Diapirism in the Continental Crust." In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS: International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2009: Volume 1 and Volume 2. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3241366.

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Hermann, Jörg, Renee Tamblyn, Carlos Ganade, Daniela Rubatto, and Thomas Pettke. "Serpentine dehydration and continental crust formation." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15507.

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Milsom, John, Phil Roach, Chris Toland, Don Riaroh, Chris Budden, and Naoildine Houmadi. "Comoros – New Evidence and Arguments for Continental Crust." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2572434-ms.

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ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing exploration effort, approximately 4000 line-km of seismic data have recently been acquired and interpreted within the Comoros Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Magnetic and gravity values were recorded along the seismic lines and have been integrated with pre-existing regional data. The combined data sets provide new constraints on the nature of the crust beneath the West Somali Basin (WSB), which was created when Africa broke away from Gondwanaland and began to move north. Despite the absence of clear sea-floor spreading magnetic anomalies or gravity anomalies defining a fracture zone pattern, the crust beneath the WSB has been generally assumed to be oceanic, based largely on regional reconstructions. However, inappropriate use of regional magnetic data has led to conclusions being drawn that are not supported by evidence. The identification of the exact location of the continent-ocean boundary (COB) is less simple than would at first sight appear and, in particular, recent studies have cast doubt on a direct correlation between the COB and the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ). The new high-quality reflection seismic data have imaged fault patterns east of the DFZ more consistent with extended continental crust, and the accompanying gravity and magnetic surveys have shown that the crust in this area is considerably thicker than normal oceanic and that linear magnetic anomalies typical of sea-floor spreading are absent. Rifting in the basin was probably initiated in Karoo times but the generation of new oceanic crust may have been delayed until about 154 Ma, when there was a switch in extension direction from NW-SE to N-S. From then until about 120 Ma relative movement between Africa and Madagascar was accommodated by extension in the West Somali and Mozambique basins and transform motion along the DFZ that linked them. A new understanding of the WSB can be achieved by taking note of newly-emerging concepts and new data from adjacent areas. The better-studied Mozambique Basin, where comprehensive recent surveys have revealed an unexpectedly complex spreading history, may provide important analogues for some stages in WSB evolution. At the same time the importance of wide continent-ocean transition zones marked by the presence of hyper-extended continental crust has become widely recognised. We make use of these new insights in explaining the anomalous results from the southern WSB and in assessing the prospectivity of the Comoros EEZ.
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Hacker, Bradley R., Madeline Shaffer, Lothar Ratschbacher, and Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark. "RECYCLING OF CONTINENTAL CRUST CAPTURED IN XENOLITHS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-296778.

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Castillo, Paula, Heinrich Bahlburg, Jasper Berndt, David Chew, and Mark Fanning. "The European continental crust through detrital minerals." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7986.

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Schannor, Mathias, Heye Freymuth, Jesse Reimink, Hugo Moreira, Mark Rehkämper, and Helen Williams. "Thallium Isotopic Composition of Earth’s Earliest Continental Crust." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2298.

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Song, Min, Oliver Warr, Jon Telling, and Barbara Sherwood Lollar. "Hydrogeological controls on microbial activity in continental crust." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15424.

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Arndt, Nicholas. "How and when did the continental crust form?" In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15980.

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Israel, Claudine, Maud Boyet, Régis Doucelance, Pierre Bonnand, Didier Laporte, Bruno Dhuime, and Dmitri Ionov. "Ce-Nd Isotopic Composition of the Continental Crust: First Measurements of Lower Crust Samples." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1151.

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Pap, I. V., and I. V. Virshylo. "The one-dimensional material model of the continental crust." In 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902123.

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Reports on the topic "Continental crust"

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Kurz, Mark D. New Tracers of Gas Migration in the Continental Crust. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1224796.

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Goodwin, J. A., R. Hackney, and N. C. Williams. 3D geophysical inversion modelling of the Wallaby Plateau: evidence for continental crust and seaward-dipping reflectors. Geoscience Australia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2015.001.

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Zagorevski, A., C. R. van Staal, J. H. Bédard, A. Bogatu, D. Canil, M. Coleman, M. Golding, et al. Overview of Cordilleran oceanic terranes and their significance for the tectonic evolution of the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326053.

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Ophiolite complexes are an important component of oceanic terranes in the northern Cordillera and constitute a significant amount of juvenile crust added to the Mesozoic Laurentian continental margin during Cordilleran orogenesis. Despite their tectonic importance, few systematic studies of these complexes have been conducted. Detailed studies of the pseudostratigraphy, age, geochemistry, and structural setting of ophiolitic rocks in the northern Cordillera indicate that ophiolites formed in Permian to Middle Triassic suprasubduction zone settings and were obducted onto passive margin sequences. Re-evaluation of ophiolite complexes highlights fundamental gaps in the understanding of the tectonic framework of the northern Cordillera. The previous inclusion of ophiolite complexes into generic 'oceanic' terranes resulted in significant challenges for stratigraphic nomenclature, led to incorrect terrane definitions, and resulted in flawed tectonic reconstructions.
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Reeher, Lauren J. Interim Geologic Map of the Kamas Quadrangle, Summit and Wasatch Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-763.

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The Kamas 7.5′ quadrangle is in the Wasatch back valleys about 30 miles (50 km) east of Salt Lake City, Utah. The quadrangle is centered over the north-south-trending Kamas Valley and contains the cities of Kamas and Oakley, and the town of Peoa. Kamas Valley is situated between the foothills of the Uinta Mountains to the east and the West Hills of the Keetley volcanic f ield to the west. The Kamas region is part of the Middle Rocky Mountains physiographic province, located at the juxtaposition of several key tectonic features. A major tectonic trend known as the Cheyenne Belt runs east-west along the northern margin of the Uinta Mountains and separates the Archean continental crust of the Wyoming Province to the north and Paleoproterozoic continental crust of the Yavapai-Mazatzal province to the south (Bryant and Nichols, 1988; Houston et al., 1993). This ancient suture zone has influenced the structural development of Uinta region since its formation. During Neoproterozoic time (~770 to 740 Ma), this weak suture zone formed the northern boundary of a faulted rift basin which accumulated up to 23,000 feet (7000 m) of Uinta Mountain Group sediment consisting of gravel, sand, and mud (Bryant and Nichols, 1988). The Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Group consists of the Red Pine Shale, Formation of Hades Pass, and Formation of Mount Watson in the western Uinta Mountains. These rocks are exposed 4 miles (6.5 km) east of the Kamas quadrangle (Bryant, 1990). The Proterozoic rift basin was subsequently inverted with episodic uplift during Phanerozoic time resulting in the east-west-trending structural high of the Uinta arch (Crittenden, 1976; Bruhn et al., 1986; Yonkee et al., 2014). The Uinta arch is part of a large structural zone that extends across the length of the Uinta Mountains, west through the Cottonwood canyons of the Wasatch Range, and continues westward through Tooele, Utah (Clark et al., 2020). The Uinta-Tooele structural zone (Clark, 2020) is marked by a suture in the Precambrian basement, a zone of tertiary igneous rocks extending west from the Kamas quadrangle, and localized uplifts during the Phanerozoic (Yonkee et al., 2014; Clark et al., 2020). Kamas Valley is positioned at a relative structural low between the Uinta and Cottonwood arch segments of the Uinta-Tooele structural zone, with the Uinta arch segment plunging west beneath the valley and the Cottonwood arch segment plunging east beneath the valley. This structural saddle is obscured by a blanket of Cenozoic volcanics and Neogene basin fill (Bradley and Bruhn, 1988; Bryant and Nichols, 1988).
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Manor, M. J., and S. J. Piercey. Whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Nd-Hf isotopes, and in situ zircon geochemistry of VMS-related felsic rocks, Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328992.

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The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is composed of a Late Paleozoic arc-backarc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host &amp;gt;40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical and isotopic data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc-marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust- and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and evolved to chondritic isotopic signatures, in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages. These geochemical features reflect the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks and likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization in the district. Preliminary in situ zircon chemistry supports these arguments with Th/U and Hf isotopic fingerprinting, where it is interpreted that the VMS-bearing lithofacies formed via crustal melting and mixing with increased juvenile, mafic magmatism; rocks that were less prospective have predominantly crustal signatures. These observations are consistent with the formation of VMS-related felsic rocks by basaltic underplating, crustal melting, and basalt-crustal melt mixing within an extensional setting. This work offers a unique perspective on magmatic petrogenesis that underscores the importance of integrating whole-rock with mineral-scale geochemistry in the characterization of VMS-related stratigraphy.
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Peterson, T. D., N. Wodicka, S J Pehrsson, P. Acosta-Gongora, V. Tschirhart, C. J. Jefferson, H. Steenkamp, E. Martel, J. Percival, and D. Corrigan. The Rae Province at 2.6 Ga: a sanukitoid storm on the Canadian Shield, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332505.

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Between 2.62 and 2.58 Ga, Rae Province was intruded from Lake Athabasca to Melville Peninsula (more than 1700 km) by mafic to felsic plutons (Snow Island Suite), and overlain by volcanic rocks that are now mostly preserved beneath Paleoproterozoic basins. The Snow Island Suite was preceded by offshore arc volcanism and possible back-arc basin activity, with a U-Pb age peak at 2.635 Ga (Marjorie peak). About 50% of the Snow Island Suite is an infracrustal granitoid with K-enriched and tonalitic subtypes; the remainder lies on a sanukitoid spectrum. The sanukitoidal rocks are dominantly orthopyroxene-bearing magnesian diorite and monzodiorite with Mesoarchean Nd model ages. Some isotopically juvenile Snow Island Suite and Marjorie peak mafic rocks also have strong sanukitoid or adakite trace-element signatures. Four important features in the data are: 1) Marjorie peak mafic assemblages are prominent on the southeastern edge of Rae Province. Related nickel showings are present in south Rae Province Marjorie peak and early Snow Island Suite rocks; 2) U-Pb ages in the Snow Island Suite young toward the west edge of the province; 3) the Committee Bay Block (north-central Rae Province) is distinctively rich in infracrustal Snow Island Suite migmatite and poor in Snow Island Suite sanukitoid rocks and in tonalite of any age; and 4) there is a marked shift from tonalite-rich infracrustal sources in south Rae Province to more tonalite-poor sources in central Rae Province. The data are consistent with the Snow Island Suite, representing a continental magmatic arc segment, verging westward, with ponding of mafic magmas, inducing melting in the lower lithosphere to generate intermediate melts that ascended and induced additional melting in the middle to upper crust to generate granite.
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Matte, S., M. Constantin, and R. Stevenson. Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the Kipawa syenite complex, Quebec: implications for rare-earth element deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329212.

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The Kipawa rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the Parautochton zone of the Grenville Province 55 km south of the boundary with the Superior Province. The deposit is part of the Kipawa syenite complex of peralkaline syenites, gneisses, and amphibolites that are intercalated with calc-silicate rocks and marbles overlain by a peralkaline gneissic granite. The REE deposit is principally composed of eudialyte, mosandrite and britholite, and less abundant minerals such as xenotime, monazite or euxenite. The Kipawa Complex outcrops as a series of thin, folded sheet imbricates located between regional metasediments, suggesting a regional tectonic control. Several hypotheses for the origin of the complex have been suggested: crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas, crustal melting, fluid alteration, metamorphism, and hydrothermal activity. Our objective is to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic composition of the Kipawa complex in order to improve our understanding of the formation and the post-formation processes, and the age of the complex. The complex has been deformed and metamorphosed with evidence of melting-recrystallization textures among REE and Zr rich magmatic and post magmatic minerals. Major and trace element geochemistry obtained by ICP-MS suggest that syenites, granites and monzonite of the complex have within-plate A2 type anorogenic signatures, and our analyses indicate a strong crustal signature based on TIMS whole rock Nd isotopes. We have analyzed zircon grains by SEM, EPMA, ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS coupled with laser ablation (Lu-Hf). Initial isotopic results also support a strong crustal signature. Taken together, these results suggest that alkaline magmas of the Kipawa complex/deposit could have formed by partial melting of the mantle followed by strong crustal contamination or by melting of metasomatized continental crust. These processes and origins strongly differ compare to most alkaline complexes in the world. Additional TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses are planned to investigate whether all lithologies share the same strong crustal signature.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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9

Chemical transport through continental crust: (Annual) progress report, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6453866.

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