Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contextuality'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Contextuality.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Contextuality.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ruseckaitė, Indrė. "Vilnius city planning: aspect of contextuality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130218_142158-96094.
Full textAbstract:
The research subject covers expression of Contextualism ideas and contextuality attributes in the planning of Vilnius city from 1790 to 1990. The main objective of the present paper is to define the expression attributes of the contextuality aspect in the development areas of Vilnius city from 1790 to 1990 as well as to identify the preservation and elaboration methods thereof. To achieve the objective of the research, the following tasks shall be carried out: analysis of the conception of urban, sociocultural and conceptual Contextualism and attributes of contextuality; definition of urban contextuality expression in the areas of Vilnius city developed from 1790 to 1990; identification of the change of urban contextuality attributes in soviet residential districts of Vilnius in the 21st century; highlighting of ways for stimulating sociocultural and conceptual contextuality in further modernisation of the soviet residential districts of Vilnius. The paper consists of an introduction, three sections, conclusions, a list of the references used and a list of author’s publications on the subject of the dissertation. The conception of Contextualism in the architectural theory, the definitions of models of urban, sociocultural, conceptual Contextualism and the attributes of contextuality are analysed in the first chapter. The display of the features of contextuality in the surrounding areas designed in 19–20th century are studied in the second chapter. The third chapter is... [to full text]Disertacinio darbo tyrimo objektas – tai kontekstualizmo idėjų ir kontekstualumo požymių raiška 1790–1990 m. Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose ir suformuotose miesto dalyse. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti Vilniaus miesto dalių, suformuotų 1790–1990 m., kontekstualumo požymius, jų išsaugojimo bei plėtojimo XXI a. būdus. Darbo tikslui pasiekti darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: išnagrinėti urbanistinio, sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualizmo samprata ir kontekstualumo požymius; nustatyti urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymių raiška Vilniaus miesto dalyse, suformuotose 1790–1990 m.; nustatyti urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymiu kaita Vilniaus sovietmečio gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose XXI a.; identifikuoti sociokultūrinio kontekstualumo katalizatorių taikymo galimybes modernizuojant Vilniaus sovietmečio gyvenamuosius rajonus. Disertacija sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, skyrių apibendrinimai, bendrosios išvados, naudotos literatūros ir autorės publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariama kontekstualizmo samprata ir apibrėžiami urbanistinio, sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualizmo modeliai, kontekstualumo požymiai. Antrajame skyriuje nagrinėjama urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymių raiška XIX–XX a. suformuotose Vilniaus dalyse. Trečiajame skyriuje tiriama sovietmečio gyvenamųjų rajonų urbanistinių ir architektūrinių pokyčių po 1990 m. problema, analizuojamos sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualumo modeliu pritaikymo galimybės.
2
Harrysson, Patrik. "Memory Cost of Quantum Contextuality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131007.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study taking an information theoretic approach toward quantum contextuality. The approach is that of using the memory complexity of finite-state machines to quantify quantum contextuality. These machines simulate the outcome behaviour of sequential measurements on systems of quantum bits as predicted by quantum mechanics. Of interest is the question of whether or not classical representations by finite-state machines are able to effectively represent the state-independent contextual outcome behaviour. Here we consider spatial efficiency, rather than temporal efficiency as considered by D. Gottesman (1999), for the particular measurement dynamics in systems of quantum bits. Extensions of cases found in the adjacent study of Kleinmann et al. (2010) are established by which upper bounds on memory complexity for particular scenarios are found. Furthermore, an optimal machine structure for simulating any n-partite system of quantum bits is found, by which a lower bound for the memory complexity is found for each n in the natural numbers. Within this finite-state machine approach questions of foundational concerns on quantum mechanics were sought to be addressed. Alas, nothing of novel thought on such concerns is here reported on.
3
de, Silva Nadish. "Contextuality and noncommutative geometry in quantum mechanics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ca8995d-b562-426a-ab89-afab3a18dda2.
Full textAbstract:
It is argued that the geometric dual of a noncommutative operator algebra represents a notion of quantum state space which differs from existing notions by representing observables as maps from states to outcomes rather than from states to distributions on outcomes. A program of solving for an explicitly geometric manifestation of quantum state space by adapting the spectral presheaf, a construction meant to analyze contextuality in quantum mechanics, to derive simple reconstructions of noncommutative topological tools from their topological prototypes is presented. We associate to each unital C*-algebra A a geometric object--a diagram of topological spaces representing quotient spaces of the noncommutative space underlying A—meant to serve the role of a generalized Gel'fand spectrum. After showing that any functor F from compact Hausdorff spaces to a suitable target category C can be applied directly to these geometric objects to automatically yield an extension F∼ which acts on all unital C*-algebras, we compare a novel formulation of the operator K0 functor to the extension K∼ of the topological K-functor. We then conjecture that the extension of the functor assigning a topological space its topological lattice assigns a unital C*-algebra the topological lattice of its primary ideal spectrum and prove the von Neumann algebraic analogue of this conjecture.
4
Laversanne-Finot, Adrien. "Contextuality and nonlocality in continuous variable systems." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC220/document.
Full textAbstract:
La mécanique quantique présente des propriétés étonnantes qui n'ont pas d'équivalent en physique classique. Ces propriétés sont au cœur des applications possibles de la mécanique quantique. Le thème principal de cette thèse est l'étude de deux des propriétés fondamentales de la mécanique quantique: la non-localité et la contextualité. Dans ce cadre, nous poursuivrons deux objectifs: premièrement, nous étudierons comment certains résultats obtenus pour les systèmes discrets peuvent être étendus aux systèmes décrits par des variables continues; deuxièmement nous étudierons comment il est possible de tester ces deux propriétés dans les systèmes quantiques décrits par des variables continues.Dans une première partie, nous étudions l'ensemble des distributions de probabilités locales et ``no-signaling'', c'est à dire qui ne permettent pas de transmettre d'information. Nous commençons par traduire le problème en terme de contraintes sur des espaces de mesures de probabilité. Nous introduisons ensuite un ensemble de mesures de probabilité qui sont les analogues en variables continues des probabilités découvertes par Popescu et Rohrlich dans le cas discret. Enfin, nous caractérisons l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling''. Plus précisément, nous montrons que les mesures introduites sont des points extrémaux de l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling'' et que leur enveloppe convexe est dense dans l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling''. Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéressons à une preuve de la contextualité de la mécanique quantique dans une formulation qui ne dépend pas de l'état. Plus particulièrement, concernant l'inégalité de non-contextualité de Peres-Mermin, nous montrons qu'il est possible de la généraliser pour des observables définies sur des espaces de Hilbert de dimension arbitraire, voire infinie. Cette généralisation nous permet d'identifier les propriétés communes des observables qui conduisent à une violation maximale de l'inégalité de Peres-Mermin.En dernier lieu, nous nous intéressons à des états intriqués du champ électromagnétique de deux cavités. Ces états sont non-locaux et violent une inégalité de Bell formée de mesures de la parité déplacée. Nous étudions comment ces états peuvent être préparés et mesurés expérimentalement. Enfin, nous analysons l'effet des imperfections expérimentales et des pertesQuantum mechanics has many intriguing properties that have no-classical analogs. These properties are at the heart of many quantum information protocols which offer the possibility to outperform their classical counterparts. This thesis is devoted to an investigation of two of the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics: non-locality and contextuality. The goal of this thesis is twofold. Firstly we will study how known results for discrete systems can be extended to continuous variables systems. Secondly, we will investigate how these properties can be tested in quantum systems characterized by continuous variables.Our work starts with an investigation of the set of local and no-signaling probability distributions. We develop a formalism for generic no-signaling black-box measurement devices with continuous outputs in terms of probability measures. We introduce the continuous-variable version of the famous Popescu-Rohrlich boxes and show that they violate the Tsirelson bound of an adequate continuous-variable Bell inequality. Finally, we perform a characterization of the geometry of the set of continuous-variable no-signaling correlations. More precisely, we show that the convex hull of those boxes is dense in the no-signaling set.We then study the contextuality of Quantum Mechanics in a state independent formulation. In particular, we study the Peres-Mermin state independent non-contextuality inequality, and show how it is possible to generalize the Peres-Mermin inequality to scenarios involving observables with an arbitrary number of outcomes. Specifically, we identify general conditions on the spectral decomposition of observables demonstrating state independent contextuality of quantum mechanics in this scenario.Lastly, we explore the non-local properties of entangled cat states, made of superpositions of coherent states stored in two spatially separated cavities. We show that even when taking into account the experimental imperfections such as the losses, a violation of local-realism is still possible, in the form of a violation of an appropriate Bell inequality
5
Mansfield, Shane. "The mathematical structure of non-locality and contextuality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:394bb375-db3f-4a12-bdd8-cd1ab5809573.
Full textAbstract:
Non-locality and contextuality are key features of quantum mechanics that distinguish it from classical physics. We aim to develop a deeper, more structural understanding of these phenomena, underpinned by robust and elegant mathematical theory with a view to providing clarity and new perspectives on conceptual and foundational issues. A general framework for logical non-locality is introduced and used to prove that 'Hardy's paradox' is complete for logical non-locality in all (2,2,l) and (2,k,2) Bell scenarios, a consequence of which is that Bell states are the only entangled two-qubit states that are not logically non-local, and that Hardy non-locality can be witnessed with certainty in a tripartite quantum system. A number of developments of the unified sheaf-theoretic approach to non-locality and contextuality are considered, including the first application of cohomology as a tool for studying the phenomena: we find cohomological witnesses corresponding to many of the classic no-go results, and completely characterise contextuality for large families of Kochen-Specker-like models. A connection with the problem of the existence of perfect matchings in k-uniform hypergraphs is explored, leading to new results on the complexity of deciding contextuality. A refinement of the sheaf-theoretic approach is found that captures partial approximations to locality/non-contextuality and can allow Bell models to be constructed from models of more general kinds which are equivalent in terms of non-locality/contextuality. Progress is made on bringing recent results on the nature of the wavefunction within the scope of the logical and sheaf-theoretic methods. Computational tools are developed for quantifying contextuality and finding generalised Bell inequalities for any measurement scenario which complement the research programme. This also leads to a proof that local ontological models with `negative probabilities' generate the no-signalling polytopes for all Bell scenarios.
6
Emeriau, Pierre-Emmanuel. "The interplay between quantum contextuality and Wigner negativity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS419.
Full textAbstract:
La physique quantique a révolutionné notre façon de concevoir la nature et provoque une nouvelle révolution technologique. L'utilisation de l'information quantique dans la technologie promet de supplanter les dispositifs dits classiques utilisés de nos jours. Il est essentiel de comprendre quelles caractéristiques sont intrinsèquement non classiques pour atteindre des performances supérieures à celles des dispositifs actuels. Cette thèse se concentre sur deux comportements non classiques : la contextualité quantique et la négativité de Wigner. Jusqu'à présent, la contextualité a surtout été étudiée dans des scénarios à variables discrètes, où les observables prennent des valeurs dans des ensembles discrets et généralement finis. Il a été démontré que la contextualité est nécessaire et suffisante pour les avantages dans certains cas. D'autre part, la négativité de la fonction de Wigner est une autre caractéristique non classique troublante des états quantiques qui provient de la formulation de l'espace de phase en optique quantique. La négativité de la fonction de Wigner est connue pour être une ressource nécessaire à l'accélération quantique. Nous établissons un cadre robuste pour traiter la contextualité dans les variables continues. Nous quantifions la contextualité dans de tels scénarios en utilisant des outils de la théorie de l'optimisation en dimension infinie. Nous montrons que la négativité de Wigner est équivalente à la contextualité dans les variables continues pour les mesures de Pauli. Nous introduisons ensuite des témoins expérimentaux pour la négativité de Wigner des états quantiques multimodes, basés sur les fidélités avec les états de FockQuantum physics has revolutionised our way of conceiving nature and is now bringing about a new technological revolution. The use of quantum information in technology promises to supersede the so-called classical devices used nowadays. Understanding what features are inherently non-classical is crucial for reaching better-than-classical performance. This thesis focuses on two nonclassical behaviours: quantum contextuality and Wigner negativity. To date, contextuality has mostly been studied in discrete-variable scenarios, where observables take values in discrete and usually finite sets. In those scenarios, contextuality has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for advantages in some cases. On the other hand, negativity of the Wigner function is another unsettling non-classical feature of quantum states that originates from phase-space formulation in quantum optics. Wigner negativity is known to be a necessary resource for quantum speedup. We set out a robust framework for properly treating contextuality in continuous variables. We quantify contextuality in such scenarios by using tools from infinite-dimensional optimisation theory. Building upon this, we show that Wigner negativity is equivalent to contextuality in continuous variables with respect to Pauli measurements. We then introduce experimentally-friendly witnesses for Wigner negativity of multimode quantum states, based on fidelities with Fock states which again uses infinite-dimensional linear programming techniques. We further extend the range of previously known discrete-variable results linking contextuality and advantage into a new territory of discrete variable information retrieval
7
Sainz, Ana Belén. "Characterizing and witnessing multipartite correlations : from nonlocality to contextuality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144528.
Full textAbstract:
In the past century, experimental discoveries have witnessed phenomena in Nature which challenge our everyday classical intuition. In order to explain these facts, quantum theory was developed, which so far has been able to reproduce the observed results. However, I believe that our understanding of quantum mechanics can be significantly improved by the search for an operational meaning behind its mathematical formulation, which would help to identify the limitations and possibilities of the theory for information processing. An intriguing property of quantum theory is its intrinsic randomness. Indeed, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in 1935 questioned the completeness of quantum theory. They argued the possibility of the existence of a complete theory where variables to which we have not access determine the behaviour of physical systems, and the randomness observed in quantum mechanics is then due to our ignorance of these variables. These hidden variables theories, however, were proved not to be enough for explaining the predictions of quantum theory, as shown in the no-go theorems by Bell on quantum-nonlocality and by Kochen and Specker on quantum-contextuality. In the past decades, many experiments have corroborated the nonlocal and contextual character of Nature. However, no intuition behind these phenomena has been found, in particular about what limits their strength. In fact, special relativity alone would allow for phenomena which are more nonlocal than what quantum theory allows. Hence, much effort has been devoted to find the physical properties of quantum theory that restricts these phenomena. In this thesis, we study the constraints that arise on nonlocal and contextual phenomena when a certain exclusiveness structure compatible with quantum theory is imposed in the space of events. Here, an event denotes the situation where an outcome is obtained given that a measurement is performed on the physical system. Regarding nonlocality, we introduce a notion of orthogonality that states that events involving different outcomes of the same local measurement are exclusive, and construct constraints that the correlations among observers should satisfy. We denote this by Local Orthogonality principle (LO), which is the first intrinsically multipartite principle for bounding quantum correlations. We prove that LO identifies the supra-quantum character of some bipartite and multipartite correlations, and gets close to the quantum boundary. When studying contextuality, the same abstract event may correspond to outcomes of different measurements, which introduces a non-trivial structure in the space of events. For its study, we develop a general formalism for contextuality scenarios in the spirit of the recent approach by Cabello, Severini and Winter. In our framework, nonlocality arises as a particular case of contextuality, which allows us to study a generalization of LO. Both in nonlocality and contextuality, we find close connections to problems in combinatorics and hence use graph-theoretical tools for studying correlations. Finally, this thesis also studies the detection of nonlocal correlations. Most results on quantum nonlocality focus on few particles' experiments, while less is known about the detection of quantum nonlocality in many-body systems. Standard many-body observables involve correlations among few particles, while there is still no multipartite Bell inequality to test nonlocality merely from these data. In this thesis, we provide the first proposal for nonlocality detection in many-body systems using two-body correlations. We construct families of Bell inequalities from two-body correlators, which can detect nonlocality for systems with large number of constituents. In addition, we prove violations by systems which are relevant in nuclear and atomic physics, and show how to test these inequalities by measuring global spin components, hence opening the problem to experimental realizations.
8
Allard, Guérin Philippe. "Wigner function negativity and contextuality in quantum computation with rebits." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54594.
Full textAbstract:
We study the resources necessary for quantum computation with rebits (qubit states with real amplitudes in the standard basis). We introduce a scheme for universal quantum computation by state injection, and define a Wigner function appropriate for this scheme. We show that the Wigner function obeys a Hudson’s theorem and transforms covariantly under CSS-ness preserving unitary gates; these results allows us to establish that Wigner function negativity is necessary for quantum computation. Furthermore, we establish contextuality as another necessary computational resource. We show that in contrast with the case of qudits [M. Howard et al., Nature 510, 351 (2014)], negativity does not imply contextuality. We discuss state independent contextuality and why it does not arise in our computational scheme.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
9
Bezuidenhout, Louise Martha. "Contextuality in life science ethics : dual-use as a case study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12122.
Full textAbstract:
In the rapidly advancing field of the life sciences, issues relating to responsibility for research are becoming a key area of discussion. Attempting to conceptualise how individual and collective responsibilities may be attributed to scientists for their research is proving both difficult and complex. Issues relating to responsibility for research may be loosely divided into two different areas. Internal responsibilities refer to those that scientists hold to their research and their colleagues to ensure that high quality data is produced with integrity. Broad social responsibilities, in contrast, reflect the social contract that scientists hold with society and refer to the commitment of scientific research to enhance and promote humanity in a manner that takes into consideration social priorities and norms. By far, research on internal responsibilities has formed the bulk of current discussions on responsibility in life science ethics. These responsibilities have come to be represented by the field of research ethics, which focuses on the prevention of misconduct and the promotion of globally harmonised approaches to daily conduct. Research ethics has been widely endorsed, and a high level of international agreement has resulted in country-specific approaches to awareness raising and pedagogy – such as the Responsible Conduct of Research approach developed in the USA – being applicable for use in divergent social contexts. In contrast, however, broad social issues have received comparatively less attention from the life science ethics community. Indeed, these topics often do not have a place in ethics curricula, or form “add-on” topics to ethics modules. This thesis suggests that presenting broad social issues as a progression of research ethics topics may cause considerable difficulties for pedagogy. In particular, this thesis suggests that these problems arise through the promotion of an internationally harmonised approach to research ethics, the focus on avoiding misconduct, and the reliance on informal teaching within laboratories as a fundamental aspect of perpetuating research ethics. This thesis suggests that the crucial issue of contextual variations within ethics discussions is often marginalised. I argue such variations may have considerable implications for how scientists engage with notions of professional responsibility. Such points are particularly salient when noting that many scientists in developing countries are introduced to these topics through Western-centric ethics modules that do not take into account social, regulatory and physical variations in research environments in these countries. In order to critically interrogate contextual variations and social responsibility, the thesis makes use of an interdisciplinary approach, using a variety of methods of investigation. The topic of dual-use – the potential for beneficial research to be misused by third parties for nefarious means – was taken as a focalising example of a broad social issue and formed the basis of comparative investigations with scientists in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK. The fieldwork results showed significant variations between how scientists in developing countries and developed countries interacted with the topic of dual-use. It became clear that the Western-centric approach promoted by most current dual-use awareness raising initiatives, and the implicit research ethics teaching approaches in these models, caused considerable difficulties for African scientists attempting to access these discussions. Using the theoretical framework outlined at the beginning of the thesis and the fieldwork, the thesis concludes by proposing a number of changes that could be made to the way that broad social issues are presented to scientists within ethics pedagogy.
10
Sohbi, Adel. "Etude de tests du caractère quantique de systèmes de dimension supérieur à deux dans des conditions réalistes." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0083/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le sujet de cette thèse est une étude de tests du caractère quantique des systèmes de dimension supérieure à deux dans des conditions réalistes. La non-localité est une des propriétés quantiques utile pour des protocoles du domaine des communications quantiques. L’étude réalisée sur les effets de la décohérence (modèles de conditions réalistes) permet de rendre compte des moyens à mettre en oeuvre afin d’optimiser la conservation de la non-localité en pratique. La contextualité est une autre propriété quantique fondamentale avec un potentiel dans le domaine de traitement d’information quantique. Un test de contextualité a été développé pour toutes les dimensions de systèmes quantiques supérieures à deux. Une expérience prenant en compte les enjeux expérimentaux des tests de contextualité est aussi proposéeThe subject of this thesis is a study of tests of the quantum features of systems of dimension greater than two under realistic conditions. Non-locality is one of the quantum properties used in protocols in the field of quantum communications. The study on the effects of the decoherence (models ofrealistic conditions) address the issue of the conservation of non-locality in practice. Contextuality is another fundamental quantum property with a potential power in quantum information processing. A contextuality test has been developed for all dimensions of quantum systems greater than two. An experiment that considers the experimental issues of contextuality tests is also proposed
11
Baichwal, J. S. (Jennifer Suneeta). "Reinhold Niebuhr, sin and contextuality : a re-evaluation of the feminist critique." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23323.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis comprises a re-evaluation of the feminist theological critique, as given by Valerie Saiving, Judith Plaskow, Daphne Hampson and Susan Nelson Dunfee, of Reinhold Niebuhr's doctrine of sin. The re-evaluation proceeds from a contextual interpretation of Niebuhr's theology in general and a contextual reading of his doctrine of sin in particular. My argument is that Niebuhr is deliberately and consistently a contextual theologian. I locate his contextual methodology in the open-ended approach of Christian realism.The feminist critique is based on the assumption that Niebuhr universally defines the primary sin as pride. It is argued that pride is in fact a distinctly male characteristic, and, while quite plausibly the primary sin for men, is clearly not the primary sin for women. Niebuhr is guilty, that is, of confusing male reality with human reality in the doctrine. Saiving and Plaskow then develop a definition of women's sin which they correspond with Niebuhr's sin of sensuality. This type of sin, rather than being self-aggrandizing, is characterized by inordinate and destructive self-effacement. Their subsidiary argument is that Niebuhr erroneously treats sensuality, which should be equal but opposite to pride, as a secondary form of sin.
My argument in this thesis is that the critique rests on a mistaken assumption about the universality of Niebuhr's claim. His concerns were with the powerful. The contextual claim that pride is the primary form of sin in those who are empowered is being mistaken for a claim that pride is the primary sin for all people, regardless of gender or context. My subsidiary argument is that the correlation of women's sin with Niebuhr's understanding of sensuality is mistaken. What the feminists refer to as women's sin is in fact not sin at all for Niebuhr but evidence of injustice. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
12
Schreiter, Robert J. "Identity and Communication between Locality/Contextuality and Globality/Universality - A Semiotic-Linguistic Model." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1997. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,610.
Full text
13
Obeid, Abdul. "Modelling contextuality amidst causal influences by means of a computationally tractable combinatorial approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226105/1/Abdul_Obeid_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with modelling contextuality in the fields of Quantum Information Science and Quantum Cognition. It extends the combinatorial approach by contributing computational tractable variants of the Foulis-Randall product and Weighted Fractional Packing Number for arbitrarily large contextuality experiments. The thesis also presents a set of techniques that allow contextuality to be differentiated between causal influences and noise.
14
Sohbi, Adel. "Etude de tests du caractère quantique de systèmes de dimension supérieur à deux dans des conditions réalistes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0083.
Full textAbstract:
Le sujet de cette thèse est une étude de tests du caractère quantique des systèmes de dimension supérieure à deux dans des conditions réalistes. La non-localité est une des propriétés quantiques utile pour des protocoles du domaine des communications quantiques. L’étude réalisée sur les effets de la décohérence (modèles de conditions réalistes) permet de rendre compte des moyens à mettre en oeuvre afin d’optimiser la conservation de la non-localité en pratique. La contextualité est une autre propriété quantique fondamentale avec un potentiel dans le domaine de traitement d’information quantique. Un test de contextualité a été développé pour toutes les dimensions de systèmes quantiques supérieures à deux. Une expérience prenant en compte les enjeux expérimentaux des tests de contextualité est aussi proposéeThe subject of this thesis is a study of tests of the quantum features of systems of dimension greater than two under realistic conditions. Non-locality is one of the quantum properties used in protocols in the field of quantum communications. The study on the effects of the decoherence (models ofrealistic conditions) address the issue of the conservation of non-locality in practice. Contextuality is another fundamental quantum property with a potential power in quantum information processing. A contextuality test has been developed for all dimensions of quantum systems greater than two. An experiment that considers the experimental issues of contextuality tests is also proposed
15
Heneghan, Frank. "Ireland's Music Education National Debate rationalization, reconciliation, contextuality and applicability of global philosophies in conflict /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11082004-084013/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D.Mus.)-University of Pretoria, 2004.Paper copy accompanied by 1 CD-ROM with title: The Music Education National Debate (MEND). Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
16
Mo, Karin. "The Practical Implementation of Human Rights – Universal or Contextual?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267286.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to explore how human rights practitioners interpret human rights (as either universal or contextual), and if their interpretation influence the way in which human rights are implemented in development assistance. In order to answer this question, I have conducted field studies in Stockholm, Sweden and Kampala, Uganda. By viewing the outcomes of these field studies through a theoretical lens concerning the universality or contextuality of human rights, the study intends to cast light on human rights practitioners’ own personal notions of human rights and what implications these views have for development assistance. The study shows that all of the respondents in the case studies share a common view concerning the universality of human rights, and that the rights articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) are indeed universal and should be shared by all people everywhere. That being said, the result also demonstrate that there is a common notion among the respondents from Kampala that this universality does not exists in the practical implementation of human rights in development assistance. Furthermore, the results show that all respondents see that clear prioritizations are made in terms of which rights are focused on in the field of development assistance specifically. The respondents perceive these prioritizations to be set on the basis of the political agenda of the international community and major donors. Which priorities end up at the top of the agenda depends on any number of cultural, historical, ideological and economic factors that differ from situation to situation. In light of these findings, I argue in this study that there exist weaknesses in the universal approach to human rights that are claimed by Jack Donnelly and the donor community when it comes to practical implementation in development assistance. The results of this study show that the universality of human rights is threatened by uneven power dynamics that exist between donors and partner countries. This has implications for the ability of both practitioners in the field of human rights and donors to instill confidence in a local context. Therefore, this thesis suggests that there is a need for a re-examination of how this universality is approached from the international community and the donors when it comes to the practical implementation in development assistance in order for the common goal to be fulfilled.
17
Aach, Inge Luise M. "The contextuality and unity of the theology of Hans-Joachim Iwand, an introduction for North American Protestants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29864.pdf.
Full text
18
Amselem, Elias. "Dynamics of Quantum Correlations with Photons : Experiments on bound entanglement and contextuality for application in quantum information." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-66469.
Full textAbstract:
The rapidly developing interdisciplinary field of quantum information, which merges quantum and information science, studies non-classical aspects of quantum systems. These studies are motivated by the promise that the non-classicality can be used to solve tasks more efficiently than classical methods would allow. In many quantum informational studies, non-classical behaviour is attributed to the notion of entanglement. In this thesis we use photons to experimentally investigate fundamental questions such as: What happens to the entanglement in a system when it is affected by noise? In our study of noisy entanglement we pursue the challenging task of creating bound entanglement. Bound entangled states are created through an irreversible process that requires entanglement. Once in the bound regime, entanglement cannot be distilled out through local operations assisted by classical communication. We show that it is possible to experimentally produce four-photon bound entangled states and that a violation of a Bell inequality can be achieved. Moreover, we demonstrate an entanglement-unlocking protocol by relaxing the condition of local operations. We also explore the non-classical nature of quantum mechanics in several single-photon experiments. In these experiments, we show the violation of various inequalities that were derived under the assumption of non-contextuality. Using qutrits we construct and demonstrate the simplest possible test that offers a discrepancy between classical and quantum theory. Furthermore, we perform an experiment in the spirit of the Kochen-Specker theorem to illustrate the state-independence of this theorem. Here, we investigate whether or not measurement outcomes exhibit fully contextual correlations. That is, no part of the correlations can be attributed to the non-contextual theory. Our results show that only a small part of the experimental generated correlations are amenable to a non-contextual interpretation.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 5: Submitted. Paper 6: Submitted.
19
Karanjai, Angela. "Statistical Modelling of Quantum Data." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22134.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented in this thesis considers statistical models of quantum statistics. It sets up a framework to analyse experimental data, which is independent of any particular theory, being careful to eliminate any bias towards the theory of quantum mechanics. This framework allows us to separate the discussion of quantum statistics, which are the predictions of quantum theory, from the theory of quantum mechanics enabling an evaluation of alternative models in reproducing the same statistics. The framework allows one to evaluate the non-classicality of a process or phenomenon, without relying on their definitions in quantum mechanics. The two main non-classical phenomenon analysed in this thesis are contextuality and the weak value. We provide completely statistical definitions for both, which is completely independent of quantum mechanics. The two are defined as statistical properties of experimental data. The presence of contextuality in the data for a set of experiments is shown to pose certain obstructions to the statistical modelling of the data, specifically it is shown to require the state of the system to be updated in a non-Markovian way. A statistical model of this type is presented as proof of existence of statistical models for contextual data. The construction of this model is used to o_er insight into the mechanisms required to construct statistical models for contextual data. Additionally an explicit connection is established between contextuality and classical simulability for any sub-theory of quantum mechanics. This connection is used to evaluate the contextuality found in the qubit-stabilizer sub-theory to calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of classical bits a model would require to simulate the statistics. The weak value was previously thought of an a quintessentially quantum phenomenon. We analyse the dynamics of the process that leads to the weak value using classical Hamiltonian mechanics. A statistical analysis of the experiment explains the physical objects associated with the real and imaginary parts of the weak value and its emergence as a result of post-selection. The weak value calculated using classical Hamiltonian dynamics matches the quantum predictions.
20
Smolińska, Aneta [Verfasser]. "Textuality and Contextuality : Cross-Cultural Advertising from the Perspective of High- vs. Low-Context Cultures in Europe / Aneta Smolinska." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138920045/34.
Full text
21
Pennanen, A. (Aatto). "Peruskoulun johtaminen:modernista kohti transmodernia johtamista." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514281527.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this research was to describe leading in the basic education in its context. In this study, the following items regarding the leaders of the basic education are described: conceptions of the current situation, leadership in the basic education and changes in work as a part of the operational environment. According to the contextual model, leadership in the basic education is societal as well as interactive and social interpersonal action extending from micro to macro level. The theoretical and methodological frames of this study have been constructed in a process. The theoretical frame has developed during the research process and thus affected the methodology – despite certain preconceptions and understanding which the researcher has had of the phenomenon. In this study, a survey questionnaire was used to gather empirical data. The survey research was made in 2002, and 141 leaders of the basic education returned the questionnaire. The response rate was 74%. The data from the thematic interviews were used to supplement and deepen the research data gathered by questionnaires. The themes of the interviews were formed according to the items the researcher wanted to specify or deepen in the data gathered from the questionnaires. According to the research results, external reasons to apply for a leadership in the basic education are highly important, and that prior leadership training has not been given for the role. 49% of the leaders participating in this study have not sought a leadership role nor received any kind of training before beginning as a leader. The results show that the community contexts are very dissimilar and changing. The schools of these leaders had 9–608 pupils. The number of teachers in the schools varied from 1 to 51. This shows how different the duties of a leader in the basic education can be. Also the social situation of the basic education is changing. Schools are closed and replaced by large school units, which carry out the principle of integrated basic education. The results show that the decisions made on the local level affect the leading in the basic education most. The leaders were of the opinion that in their leading, managing things is emphasized (70% of working time); at the time of the survey only one third of the time was estimated to be spent on leading people. The leaders of the basic education thought that their work is comprehensive and it includes co-operation regarding the managing of practicalities. The work was considered to be demanding and future-oriented. However, the work of the basic education leaders has contradictory elements due to the development demands set by work organization and local level. There is a threat that the contradictions between the practice and the general demands of leading become more common when organizations' power of decision increase. In this study, also the transition to the new transmodern era is examined from the point of leading on the grounds of the research literature. In the schools transmodernism would emphasize activities based on experiment and experience. Trusting in progress, development and future is central in the leadership. Transmodern leadership means leading with human dignity. In the schoolwork this means that school hierarchy can be reduced by creating more co-operation and teamwork. Transmodernism emphasizes subjectivity and one's own critical thinking in relation to changeTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tehtävänä oli kuvata peruskoulun johtamista kontekstissaan. Tutkimuksessa kuvataan peruskoulun johtajien käsityksiä vallitsevasta tilanteesta, peruskoulun johtamisesta sekä työhön liittyneistä muutoksista osana toimintaympäristöä. Peruskoulun johtaminen kontekstuaalisen mallin mukaan on mikrotasolta makrotasolle ulottuvaa yhteiskunnallista ja ihmisten välistä vuorovaikutuksellista toimintaa. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen rakenne ja siihen liittyvät metodologiset valinnat ovat muodostuneet prosessinomaisesti. Teorian osuus on tarkentunut tutkimuksen kuluessa ja sitä kautta vaikuttanut metodologian tarkasteluun huolimatta tietynlaisesta ennakkonäkemyksestä ja ymmärryksestä, mikä tutkijalla on ollut tutkittavasta ilmiöstä. Kokemusperäistä materiaalia tässä tutkimuksessa saatiin survey-kyselyllä. Vuonna 2002 suoritettuun kyselyyn vastasi 141 peruskoulun johtajaa ja palautusprosentiksi muodostui 74 %. Teemahaastattelulla täydennettiin ja syvennettiin kyselyllä saatua aineistoa. Teemahaastattelun aihepiirit muotoutuivat sen perusteella, mihin asioihin haluttiin tarkennusta ja syventämistä kyselystä saadun aineiston pohjalta. Tulokset osoittavat, että ulkopuoliset peruskoulun johtajaksi hakeutumisen syyt ovat varsin tärkeät eikä ennakoivaa koulutusta johtamistyöhön ole saatu. Tutkituista johtajista 49 % ei ole tähän työhön hakeutunut eikä ole saanut siihen koulutusta ennen työn aloittamista. Toimintaympäristö on tulosten mukaan hyvin erilainen ja muuttuva. Johdettavissa kouluissa oli 9–608 oppilasta ja koulujen opettajamäärät vaihtelivat 1–51 opettajan välillä. Tämä on osoitus peruskoulun johtajan työn erilaisuudesta. Peruskoulutuksen yhteiskunnallinen tilanne on myös muuttumassa. Kouluja lakkautetaan ja tilalle tulee suuria yksiköitä, jotka toteuttavat yhtenäisen perusopetuksen periaatetta. Tulosten perusteella peruskoulun johtamiseen vaikuttavat eniten paikallistasolla tehtävät päätökset. Johtajat olivat sitä mieltä, että johtamisessaan painottuu asioiden johtaminen (70 %) kun ihmisten johtamiseen kului kolmasosa ajasta kyselyn suorittamishetkellä. Peruskoulun johtajien mielestä heidän työnsä on kokonaisvaltaista ja käytännön asioiden hoitamiseen liittyvää yhteistyötä. Se koettiin haasteelliseksi ja tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneeksi työksi. Peruskoulun johtajan työ on kuitenkin ristiriitaista sekä työorganisaation että paikallistason kehitysvaatimusten vuoksi. Ristiriidat johtamisen yleisten vaatimusten ja käytännön suhteen ovat vaarassa kasvaa organisaatioiden päätösvallan kasvaessa. Työssä tarkastellaan tutkimuskirjallisuuden perusteella myös siirtymistä uuteen transmoderniin aikaan johtamisen näkökulmasta. Koulussa transmodernismi ilmenisi kokemuksellisena ja elämyksellisenä toimintana. Johtamisessa keskeistä on luottaminen edistykseen, kehitykseen ja tulevaisuuteen. Transmoderni johtaminen on ihmisarvoista ihmisten johtamista. Koulutyössä tämä tarkoittaa sitä, että yhteistyön ja tiimityön lisääntyminen vähentää hierarkkisuutta. Transmoderni johtaminen korostaa subjektiivisuutta ja omaa kriittistä ajattelua suhteessa muutokseen
22
Kitto, Kirsty, and Kirsty Kitto@flinders edu au. "Modelling and Generating Complex Emergent Behaviour." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060626.132947.
Full textAbstract:
Despite a general recognition of the importance of complex systems, there is a dearth of general models capable of describing their dynamics. This is attributed to a complexity scale; the models are attempting to describe systems at different parts of the scale and are hence not compatible. We require new models capable of describing complex behaviour at different points of the complexity scale. This work identifies, and proceeds to examine systems at the high end of the complexity scale, those which have not to date been well understood by our current modelling
methodology. It is shown that many such models exhibit what might be termed contextual dependency, and that it is precisely this feature which is not well understood by our current modelling methodology. A particular problem is
discussed; our apparent inability to generate systems which display high end complexity, exhibited by for example
the general failure of strong ALife. A new model, Process Physics, that has been developed at Flinders University is discussed, and arguments are presented that it exhibits high end complexity. The features of this model that
lead to its displaying such behaviour are discussed, and the generalisation of this model to a broader range of complex systems is attempted.
23
Ketterer, Andreas. "Modular variables in quantum information." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC290/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’information quantique peut être traitée de deux manières fondamentalement différentes: à l’aide de variables discrètes ou continues. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions de manière théorique la réalisation de protocoles d’information quantique dans les systèmes caractérisés par des variables continues. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les variables modulaires comme outil afin de révéler des structures discrètes dans les états, opérations et observables. Le présent travail est fortement motivé par l’applicabilité expérimentale de nos idées dans des expériences d’optique quantique. Le thème principal de cette thèse est la formulation d’un cadre pour le traitement quantique de l’information dans l’espace des phases grâce aux variables modulaires. L’usage des variables modulaires permet d’encoder des états logique dans des espaces de Hilbert de dimension infinie et de définir des opérations qui permettent de les manipuler. En particulier, nous considérons des protocoles qui impliquent des mesures de variables modulaires qui permettent la lecture d’information discrète codée dans des variables continues. Grâce à ce formalisme, nous montrons comment il est possible de réaliser des tests des propriétés fondamentales de la mécanique quantique comme l’intrication, la non-localité ou la contextualité dans des espaces de Hilbert de dimensions finie ou infinie. Ensuite, nous discutons pourquoi les degrés de liberté transverse des photons sont des candidats naturels pour l’implémentation expérimentale des variables modulaires. À cet effet, nous démontrons comment il est possible d’utiliser l’effet Talbot - un effet d’interférence de champ proche - afin d’encoder de l’information discrète dans la distribution spatiales des photons. Finalement, nous montrons pour la première fois comment produire des photons intriqués de dimension arbitraire de manière déterministe en utilisant la conversion paramétrique et des éléments d’optique linéaireQuantum information can be processed in two fundamentally different ways, using either discrete- or continuous-variable implementations. In this thesis we study theoretically how to implement discrete quantum information protocols in physical objects characterized by continuous variables. In order to do so we use modular variables as a helpful tool to reveal discrete structures in continuous-variable states, operations and observables. The present work is strongly guided by the experimental applicability of our ideas in quantum optics experiments, with a particular focus on the transverse degrees of freedom of single photons. One of the main themes of this thesis is the formulation of a framework for quantum information processing in phase-space based on the use of modular variables. The latter permit us to introduce logical states and operations allowing to manipulate discrete quantum information encoded in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. In particular, we consider protocols that involve measurements of judiciously chosen logical observables enabling the readout of the encoded discrete quantum information. Based on this framework we show how to perform tests of fundamental properties of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement, Bell nonlocality and contextuality, in Hilbert spaces of various dimensions. Further on, we discuss the transverse degrees of freedom of single photons as a natural platform to manipulate and measure modular variables. In particular, we demonstrate how to process discrete quantum information encoded in the spatial distribution of single photons via the optical Talbot effect - a near-field interference effect. Finally, we show for the first time how to produce deterministically d-dimensional entangled photon pairs using spontaneous parametric down-conversion and linear optical elements only
24
Aliakbarzadeh, Mojtaba. "Modelling the human mental lexicon using the formalism of quantum theory." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/124224/1/Mojtaba_Aliakbarzadeh_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Quantum cognition (QC) is a new interdisciplinary research field which applies the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics to explain and understand puzzling aspects of cognitive phenomena. This study focuses on improving the current QC models of language and memory. The researcher provides a better understanding of measurement and contextuality in processes involving language and memory. This will impact upon the field of QC, strengthening its position as a well-founded branch of mathematical psychology.
25
Waegell, Mordecai. "Nonclassical Structures within the N-qubit Pauli Group." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/150.
Full textAbstract:
Structures that demonstrate nonclassicality are of foundational interest in quantum mechanics, and can also be seen as resources for numerous applications in quantum information processing - particularly in the Hilbert space of N qubits. The theory of entanglement, quantum contextuality, and quantum nonlocality within the N-qubit Pauli group is further developed in this thesis. The Strong Kochen-Specker theorem and the structures that prove it are introduced and explored in detail. The pattern of connections between structures that show entanglement, contextuality, and nonlocality is explained. Computational search algorithms and related tools were developed and used to perform complete searches for minimal nonclassical structures within the N-qubit Pauli group up to values of N limited by our computational resources. Our results are surveyed and prescriptions are given for using the elementary nonclassical structures we have found to construct more complex types of such structures. Families of nonclassical structures are presented for all values of N, including the most compact family of projector-based parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem yet discovered in all dimensions of the form 2N, where N>=2. The applications of our results and their connection with other work is also discussed.
26
Doecke, Philip John. "Discourse on primary school physical education curriculum in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16265/1/Philip_Doecke_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The Problem
Physical Education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools did not appear to be widespread nor progressing effectively. Its place in education appeared uncertain. Therefore the study's key question was, "What is the status of physical education in PNG, and the implications of this status?" The focus was narrowed to the history of the development of physical education curriculum, and considered decisions made by curriculum officers about what ought to be taught.
Purposes The study's purposes, in answering the key question, were to:
§ evaluate the existing physical education curriculum
§ generate recommendations for physical education programs.
The Research
Postmodern ethnography was chosen to undertake the evaluation, through the analysis of historical records and personal narratives. As there was little available literature on physical education curriculum development in PNG, the narratives and opinions of a variety of policymakers, policydevelopers, policyimplementers, and clients of this curriculum development were recorded. The curriculum itself was analysed, as well as related articles and official documentation. The collective data were evaluated, to provide an overall view of physical education curriculum development.
Methodology
Following the search for literature in libraries, data were collected from Curriculum Development Division records. As many curriculum documents (such as syllabi and advisory memos) as possible were collected. Key personnel were identified and personally interviewed by the researcher. For a wider group (school principals) an interview guideline was used, while for the oneonone interviews, an unstructured interview format was adopted, allowing respondents considerable control, as they recounted their histories, experiences, and opinions. Further data were collected from correspondence from teachers' colleges, and the former director of the National Sports Institute. The data were analysed by viewing through seven key concepts central in postmodern literature: knowledge, power, culture, postcolonialism, hegemony, globalism, and apathy. The analysis was constructed upon the historical background information, issues that arose during the research activities and the collection of the raw data and, additionally, upon the researcher's own evaluative feelings.
Outcomes
During the analysis of the literature, the narratives, the curriculum, and related documents, four recurrent issues emerged:
§ physical education's low status
§ problems in understanding the concept of physical education
§ apathy towards physical education
§ PNG knowledge versus global knowledge
The analysis of the data was therefore undertaken around these issues, as viewed through the key concept's lenses. It was found that there was a lack of usefulness in the existing physical education documents, and that there was a lack of availability of existing physical education documents. Key Education authorities were unfamiliar with physical education curriculum. Its history, both in colonial and postcolonial times, was weak. It continued to receive little attention by curriculum administrators, or schools. The National attitude of apathy towards physical education had been established by the colonial administrators and educators, and reproduced. CDD administration had little time for physical education. Consequently, there was little physical education taught in PNG schools, even though it was in the national curriculum. The only physical activity which had some place in schools was the commercial modified rules sport program, Pikinini Sport. Global activities dominated any thought of local input and activities.
27
Doecke, Philip John. "Discourse on primary school physical education curriculum in Papua New Guinea." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16265/.
Full textAbstract:
The Problem Physical Education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools did not appear to be widespread nor progressing effectively. Its place in education appeared uncertain. Therefore the study's key question was, "What is the status of physical education in PNG, and the implications of this status?" The focus was narrowed to the history of the development of physical education curriculum, and considered decisions made by curriculum officers about what ought to be taught. Purposes The study's purposes, in answering the key question, were to: § evaluate the existing physical education curriculum § generate recommendations for physical education programs. The Research Postmodern ethnography was chosen to undertake the evaluation, through the analysis of historical records and personal narratives. As there was little available literature on physical education curriculum development in PNG, the narratives and opinions of a variety of policymakers, policydevelopers, policyimplementers, and clients of this curriculum development were recorded. The curriculum itself was analysed, as well as related articles and official documentation. The collective data were evaluated, to provide an overall view of physical education curriculum development. Methodology Following the search for literature in libraries, data were collected from Curriculum Development Division records. As many curriculum documents (such as syllabi and advisory memos) as possible were collected. Key personnel were identified and personally interviewed by the researcher. For a wider group (school principals) an interview guideline was used, while for the oneonone interviews, an unstructured interview format was adopted, allowing respondents considerable control, as they recounted their histories, experiences, and opinions. Further data were collected from correspondence from teachers' colleges, and the former director of the National Sports Institute. The data were analysed by viewing through seven key concepts central in postmodern literature: knowledge, power, culture, postcolonialism, hegemony, globalism, and apathy. The analysis was constructed upon the historical background information, issues that arose during the research activities and the collection of the raw data and, additionally, upon the researcher's own evaluative feelings. Outcomes During the analysis of the literature, the narratives, the curriculum, and related documents, four recurrent issues emerged: § physical education's low status § problems in understanding the concept of physical education § apathy towards physical education § PNG knowledge versus global knowledge The analysis of the data was therefore undertaken around these issues, as viewed through the key concept's lenses. It was found that there was a lack of usefulness in the existing physical education documents, and that there was a lack of availability of existing physical education documents. Key Education authorities were unfamiliar with physical education curriculum. Its history, both in colonial and postcolonial times, was weak. It continued to receive little attention by curriculum administrators, or schools. The National attitude of apathy towards physical education had been established by the colonial administrators and educators, and reproduced. CDD administration had little time for physical education. Consequently, there was little physical education taught in PNG schools, even though it was in the national curriculum. The only physical activity which had some place in schools was the commercial modified rules sport program, Pikinini Sport. Global activities dominated any thought of local input and activities.
28
Splinter, Wade. "Time[less] Contextualism." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1179351566.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Dr. Aarati Kanekar . Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 31, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Time; space; coding; identity; globalization; contextualism. Includes bibliographic references.
29
Rysiew, Patrick William. "Contextualism in epistemology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289063.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional epistemology is universalistic, in that it proceeds on the assumption that we can fully specify conditions making for the correctness of attributions of knowledge (/justified belief) without adverting to 'context'. In Chapter 1 examples are adduced which cast doubt on this assumption, since they seem to show that the very 'contents' of such attributions are 'context-dependent'. But even if some form of 'contextualism' is thereby shown to be correct, if we are to avoid resting content with the foregoing near-platitudinous observation, we need to address the following two questions: How exactly should we conceive of "context"? And in what way, exactly, does context affect the 'content' of those attributions? More precisely, does context affect what is literally expressed by a given knowledge-attributing sentence (as the semantic contextualist claims) or does it affect what the speaker means by the utterance of that sentence (as the pragmatic contextualist maintains)? Here it is argued that 'context' is a psychological notion, referring to the psychology of the speaker (perhaps qua member of some larger group). Further, it is argued that in addition to its being favored both by a correct understanding of the notion of context itself and by methodological considerations, pragmatic contextualism avoids the intractable problems faced by the semantic contextualist. Finally, the broader implications for epistemology of the foregoing results are explored, and their application to non-epistemological theories/areas are indicated.
30
Rådmark, Magnus. "Photonic quantum information and experimental tests of foundations of quantum mechanics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37464.
Full textAbstract:
Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information schemes and in the last years the research on multi-qubit entanglement has drawn lots of attention. In this thesis the experimental generation and characterisation of multi-qubit entanglement is presented. Specifically we have prepared entangled states of up to six qubits. The qubits were implemented in the polarisation degree of freedom of single photons. We emphasise that one type of states that we produce are rotationally invariant states, remaining unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents. Such states can be applied to e.g. decoherence-free encoding, quantum communication without sharing a common reference frame, quantum telecloning, secret sharing and remote state preparation schemes. They also have properties which are interesting in studies of foundations of quantum mechanics. In the experimental implementation we use a single source of entangled photon pairs, based on parametric down-conversion, and extract the first, second and third order events. Our experimental setup is completely free from interferometric overlaps, making it robust and contributing to a high fidelity of the generated states. To our knowledge, the achieved fidelity is the highest that has been observed for six-qubit entangled states and our measurement results are in very good agreement with predictions of quantum theory. We have also performed another novel test of the foundations of quantum mechanics. It is based on an inequality that is fulfilled by any non-contextual hidden variable theory, but can be violated by quantum mechanics. This test is similar to Bell inequality tests, which rule out local hidden variable theories as possible completions of quantum mechanics. Here, however, we show that non-contextual hidden variable theories cannot explain certain experimental results, which are consistent with quantum mechanics. Hence, neither of these theories can be used to make quantum mechanics complete.
31
Gutherie, Luanne. "Contextualist Responses to Skepticism." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/22.
Full textAbstract:
External world skeptics argue that we have no knowledge of the external world. Contextualist theories of knowledge attempt to address the skeptical problem by maintaining that arguments for skepticism are effective only in certain contexts in which the standards for knowledge are so high that we cannot reach them. In ordinary contexts, however, the standards for knowledge fall back down to reachable levels and we again are able to have knowledge of the external world. In order to address the objection that contextualists confuse the standards for knowledge with the standards for warranted assertion, Keith DeRose appeals to the knowledge account of warranted assertion to argue that if one is warranted in asserting p, one also knows p. A skeptic, however, can maintain a context-invariant view of the knowledge account of assertion, in which case such an account would not provide my help to contextualism.
32
García, Moreno Beatriz. "Contextualist thought and architecture." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22370.
Full text
33
Verspoor, Cornelia M. "Contextually-dependent lexical semantics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/515.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation of phenomena at the interface between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, with the aim of arguing for a view of semantic interpretation as lexically driven yet contextually dependent. I examine regular, generative processes which operate over the lexicon to induce verbal sense shifts, and discuss the interaction of these processes with the linguistic or discourse context. I concentrate on phenomena where only an interaction between all three linguistic knowledge sources can explain the constraints on verb use: conventionalised lexical semantic knowledge constrains productive syntactic processes, while pragmatic reasoning is both constrained by and constrains the potential interpretations given to certain verbs. The phenomena which are closely examined are the behaviour of PP sentential modifiers (specifically dative and directional PPs) with respect to the lexical semantic representation of the verb phrases they modify, resultative constructions, and logical metonymy. The analysis is couched in terms of a lexical semantic representation drawing on Davis (1995), Jackendoff (1983, 1990), and Pustejovsky (1991, 1995) which aims to capture “linguistically relevant” components of meaning. The representation is shown to have utility for modeling of the interaction between the syntactic form of an utterance and its meaning. I introduce a formalisation of the representation within the framework of Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag 1994), and rely on the model of discourse coherence proposed by Lascarides and Asher (1992), Discourse in Commonsense Entailment. I furthermore discuss the implications of the contextual dependency of semantic interpretation for lexicon design and computational processing in Natural Language Understanding systems.
34
Murray, Paul. "Scepticism, contextualism, and natural doubt /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18451.pdf.
Full text
35
McKenna, Robert James. "Epistemic contextualism : a normative approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9712.
Full textAbstract:
I develop and argue for a version of epistemic contextualism - the view that the truth-values of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions depend upon and vary with the context in which they are uttered - that emphasises the roles played by both the practical interests of those in the context and the epistemic practices of the community of which they are part in determining the truth-values of their ‘knowledge’ ascriptions (the ‘basic contextualist thesis’). My favoured way of putting it is that the truth of a ‘knowledge’ ascription of the form ‘S knows that p’ requires that the subject of the ascription can rule out the relevant alternatives in which not-p, where the relevant alternatives are the ones that those in the ascriber’s context have a reason to consider. What alternatives those in the context have a reason to consider depends on their practical situation and on what alternatives are generally considered relevant within their community. I call this ‘interests contextualism’. The thesis splits into three parts. First, I deal with what I call ‘linguistic objections’, which purport to show that there’s no linguistic evidence that the expression ‘knows’ is context-sensitive (Hawthorne 2004; Stanley 2005a), and objections concerning the way ‘knows’ behaves in intra- and inter-contextual disagreement reports (Cappelen & Hawthorne 2009; MacFarlane 2005). I argue that there are a number of ways in which contextualists can deal with these objections. Consequently, they provide no reason to reject contextualism. Second, there are a number of ways of going beyond the basic contextualist thesis, and I argue that the best way is along the lines indicated above, viz. interests contextualism. In the process I articulate a number of desiderata for a contextualist account of the features of context that are responsible for contextual variation in the truth-values of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions. I argue that, unlike its main rival - which I call ‘conversational contextualism’ (Blome-Tillmann 2009a; Cohen 1999; DeRose 2009; Lewis 1996) - interests contextualism can satisfy all of the desiderata. Consequently, interests contextualism is preferable to conversational contextualism. Third, I argue that there is good reason to prefer interests contextualism to its noncontextualist rivals, strict invariantism (Brown 2006; Hazlett 2009; Pritchard 2010; Rysiew 2001), sensitive invariantism (Fantl & McGrath 2009; Hawthorne 2004; Stanley 2005a) and relativism (MacFarlane 2005; Richard 2004). The objections dealt with in the first part are meant to provide the main reason to prefer a sort of relativism to interests contextualism. Consequently, the upshot of the first part is that relativism is off the table. The considerations that tell in favour of interests contextualism and against sensitive invariantism are of two types. First, I argue that interests contextualism can deal with a wider range of cases than sensitive invariantism. Second, I argue that the influential account of the function of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions developed in Edward Craig (1990) tells against sensitive invariantism and in favour of interests contextualism. I also argue that the second consideration tells against strict invariantism as much as sensitive invariantism. Consequently, I conclude that interests contextualism is preferable to all of its rivals.
36
Cho, Sunyoung. "A Contextualist Approach to Telehealth Innovations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/13.
Full textAbstract:
A Contextualist Approach to Telehealth Innovations By Sunyoung Cho Abstract Healthcare is considered one of the most important social issues in the U.S. as well as in other societies with ever-increasing costs of medical service provision. The information-intensive nature of the healthcare industry and the perception of information technology (IT) as a way to ease up healthcare costs and improve quality have lead to increased use of and experiments with IT-based innovations. These activities present interesting research opportunities for IS researchers and they have led to an increasing body of knowledge on healthcare information systems. This research aims at contributing to this line of research by adopting a contextualist approach to examine the adoption, use, and further diffusion of telehealth innovations. A contextualist approach provides a particularly interesting and relevant perspective to study adoption and diffusion processes of healthcare innovations. The adopted contextualist approach is process-oriented, it applies multiple levels of analysis, and it accommodates different theoretical lenses to make sense of the two telehealth innovations under investigation. A key assumption is that innovations should be understood as ongoing processes of change, not just technologies, or isolated change events with clear boundaries. Healthcare innovations have in this view much broader connotations, including development of IT-based applications, their adoption and diffusion over time, and the interactions between many stakeholders and organizations that shape the innovation in a specific context. The contextualist approach suggested by Pettigrew is adopted as an overarching framework for multiple studies based on empirical investigation of two telehealth innovations; the main focus is on a telestroke innovation in the U.S. while a radiology innovation in Sweden serves as a complementary case. Each study is documented as an independent research publication with its own theoretical perspective and contributions. The overall contextualist approach and the related findings are then summarized across the individual studies. Telehealth innovations are particularly interesting examples of healthcare information systems. They leverage contemporary network infrastructures and interaction devices to allow provision of healthcare services, clinical information, and education over distance, thereby reducing the costs and improving the availability of medical services. The two telehealth innovations are investigated through in-depth case studies. This theses summary presents the theoretical background for the studies; it motivates and details how the qualitative case studies based on critical realist assumptions were designed and conducted; it outlines the resulting research publications; and it discusses the contributions of investigating telehealth innovations from a contextualist approach.
37
Grindrod, Jumbly. "Epistemic contextualism as a linguistic thesis." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/73489/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the linguistic plausibility of epistemic contextualism. Epistemic contextualism can be (roughly) characterised as the view that the truth conditions of knowledge attributions are sensitive to the context of utterance. As such, it is a linguistic claim that is usually defended on the basis of certain context-shifting experiments and is then usually integrated into a semantic theory that captures this context-sensitivity. The linguistic challenge for epistemic contextualism is to be successfully integrated into our best account of linguistic communication. I will argue that as of yet there is no satisfactory solution to the linguistic challenge and that this should lead us to re-envision the view at its most basic level. First, I analyse the intuitive basis of epistemic contextualism. The contextualist claims regarding ordinary linguistic intuitions in the context-shifting experiments have recently been challenged experimentally. In response to this, I present new experimental evidence for a contextual effect on our linguistic intuitions using context-shifting experiments with third-person knowledge attributions. In doing so, I defend the intuitive basis of epistemic contextualism. I then analyse the plausibility of capturing this contextual effect in a range of linguistic proposals. I argue that we do not have sufficient reason to reject an implicature-based explanation of the phenomenon. I do, however, present defeasible evidence against such an approach. I then analyse the most plausible semantic contextualist account in the literature – Schaffer & Szabó’s epistemic comparativism. However, I find their proposal to be unmotivated and problematic. I then analyse the plausibility of capturing the context-sensitivity of knowledge attributions via a pragmatic enrichment account of what is said. I do so by analysing Schoubye & Stokke’s minimalist account of what is said and Peter Ludlow’s dynamic lexicon view. However, I find both approaches to be problematic. With this in mind, epistemic contextualism finds itself at something of an impasse: there is experimental evidence for a contextual effect on our linguistic intuitions regarding knowledge attributions but as of yet there is no good explanation of this effect available. Rather than using this as a point at which to defend a new semantic or pragmatic proposal, I instead raise a fundamental concern regarding the contextualist project. I argue that there is a fundamental lack of clarity as to what the contextualist aims to achieve. I distinguish between two possible approaches to epistemic contextualism that differ in their aims – one more ambitious and one more modest. Once this distinction is drawn, I argue that there is a severe explanatory lacuna in the ambitious approach, and no promising way of filling it. Given this, the epistemic contextualist should re-envision some of their basic commitments along more modest lines. This proves crucial regarding the linguistic challenge, as modest contextualism is able to bypass the linguistic challenge altogether by remaining neutral on a range of particular linguistic issues. Modest epistemic contextualism is defended in the final chapter.
38
Silva, Jeane Vanessa Santos. "Uma defesa contextualista de justificação epistêmica." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5628.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
arquivototal.pdf: 1248438 bytes, checksum: bfc3b3826f54c039526b533b09e8644b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-02-05Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
With its emergence in antiquity to serve therapeutic purposes, the skepticism, unfolded on various facets throughout the history of philosophy. Among them, that seem to have established a time in epistemological debates is one whose formulations are still in modernity along with a project of infallible knowledge of the world. Since then it has become common land in the theory of knowledge lead to a doubt until ultimately suspending so all our knowledge of the world. This text wants to present a Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification as an alternative to skepticism. Our main goal is to show that by separating the philosophical context, where skepticism ourselves, context of our everyday lives that common knowledge of the world that we believe possess can be safeguarded.
Com seu surgimento na antiguidade para servir a propósitos terapêuticos, o ceticismo, desdobrou-se sobre várias facetas ao longo da história da filosofia. Dentre elas a que parece ter se estabelecido por vez nos debates epistemológicos é aquela cujas formulações encontran-se ainda na modernidade junto a um projeto de conhecimento infalível do mundo. Desde então tornou-se terreno comum em teoria do conhecimento levar a dúvida até sua ultima instância suspendendo assim todo nosso conhecimento do mundo. Esse texto pretende apresentar a Teoria Contextualista da Justificação Epistêmico como uma alternativa ao ceticismo. Nosso principal objetivo é mostrar que ao separar o contexto filosófico, onde o ceticismo se estabeleceu, do contexto de nossas vidas cotidianas aquele conhecimento comum do mundo que acreditamos possuir pode ser salvaguardado.
39
Kirby, Christopher C. "Experience and inquiry in John Dewey's contextualism." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001219.
Full text
40
Kirby, Christopher C. "Experience and Inquiry in John Dewey’s Contextualism." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/725.
Full textAbstract:
This paper will focus on two elements, viz. experience and inquiry, which are central to John Deweys philosophy and their relation to the movement known as pragmatism. Although each of these concepts has received extensive treatment by other schools of thought, the pragmatists, and particularly Dewey, did much to redefine each in hopes of alleviating the tension between conflicting philosophical viewpoints. An explication of Deweys view on experience is the first step in understanding his application of the pragmatic method towards reconstructing philosophical thinking. Therefore, this paper will explore the meaning that Dewey gave to each and how that meaning is helpful to the overall pragmatist project of reuniting philosophical speculation with practical consequences.
41
Millard, Ian C. "Contextually aware pervasive computing : a semantic approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/266002/.
Full textAbstract:
We live in a world which is becoming increasingly rich in technology, with a wide array of portable and embedded devices being readily available and surrounding us in everyday use. Similarly, advances in communications technologies and the explosive growth of data being published on the Internet have provided access to information on an unparalleled scale. However, device interoperability is often poor at best, and accessing data which is relevant to any given situation can be difficult due to the sheer quantity of information which is available. A contextually aware environment is envisioned as one in which integrated computer systems have an understanding or representation of not only the physical space and the resources within it, but also the activities, interests, actions and intent of the human occupants at any given time. Given such knowledge, a contextually aware and technology rich pervasive environment may offer services and applications which attempt to adapt the surroundings in a manner which assists its users, such as by configuring devices or assimilating information which is relevant to activities currently being undertaken. The research presented in this thesis combines the fields of knowledge management, semantic technologies, logic and reasoning with those from the predominantly hardware and communications oriented field of pervasive computing, in order to facilitate the creation of contextually aware environments. Requirements for such a system are discussed in detail, resulting in the development of a generic framework of components and data representations from which domain specific deployments can be created. To demonstrate and test the proposed framework, experimentation has been conducted in the example domain of an academic environment, including the development of two contextually aware applications. The experiences and lessons learned during this research are documented throughout, and have influenced the proposed avenues for future related research in this area.
42
Stern, Reuben E. "Can the Contextualist Win the Free Will Debate?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/101.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the merits and limits of John Hawthorne’s contextualist analysis of free will. First, I argue that contextualism does better at capturing the ordinary understanding of ‘free will’ than competing views because it best accounts for the way in which our willingness to attribute free will ordinarily varies with context. Then I consider whether this is enough to conclude that the contextualist has won the free will debate. I argue that this would be hasty, because the contextualist, unlike her competitors, cannot tell us whether any particular agent is definitively free, and therefore cannot inform any practices that are premised on whether a particular agent is morally responsible. As such, I argue that whether the contextualist “wins the free will debate” depends on whether it is more important to capture the ordinary understanding of ‘free will’ or more important to inform our practices of ascribing moral responsibility.
43
Marshall, Paul David. "Explaining nature mystical experience : from contextualism to metaphysics." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403765.
Full text
44
Fields, Benjamin. "Contextualize your listening : the playlist as recommendation engine." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2011. http://research.gold.ac.uk/6477/.
Full textAbstract:
It is not hyperbole to note that a revolution has occurred in the way that we as a society distribute data and information. This revolution has come about through the confluence of Web-related technologies and the approaching universal adoption of internet connectivity. Add to this mix the normalised use of lossy compression in digital music and the increase in digital music download and streaming services; the result is an environment where nearly anyone can listen to nearly any piece of music nearly anywhere. This is in many respects the pinnacle in music access and availability. Yet, a listener is now faced with a dilemma of choice. Without being familiar with the ever-expanding millions of songs available, how does a listener know what to listen to? If a near-complete collection of recorded music is available what does one listen to next? While the world of music distribution underwent a revolution, the ubiquitous access and availability it created brought new problems in recommendation and discovery. In this thesis, a solution to these problems of recommendation and discovery is presented. We begin with an introduction to the core concepts around the playlist (i.e. sequential ordering of musical works). Next, we examine the history of the playlist as a recommendation technique, starting from before the invention of audio recording and moving through to modern automatic methods. This leads to an awareness that the creation of suitable playlists requires a high degree of knowledge of the relation between songs in a collection (e.g. song similarity). To better inform our base of knowledge of the relationships between songs we explore the use of social network analysis in combination with content-based music information retrieval. In an effort to show the promise of this more complex relational space, a fully automatic interactive radio system is proposed, using audio-content and social network data as a backbone. The implementation of the system is detailed. The creation of this system presents another problem in the area of evaluation. To that end, a novel distance metric between playlists is specified and tested. We then conclude with a discussion of what has been shown and what future work remains.
45
Johanek, Cynthia L. "A contextualist research paradigm for rhetoric and composition." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115713.
Full textAbstract:
The unresolved nineteenth-century debate--"is rhetoric an art or a science?"--hashindered our attempt to establish an inclusive research paradigm for rhetoric and composition. The newly dominant paradigm is quickly narrowing to prefer the qualitative designs that suit our literary ideals, relieve our math and statistics anxiety, and fulfill political ideologies. Such qualitative work has given us great insight into the mind of the researcher, a stronger voice to the individual, and a powerful tool for groups traditionally oppressed by our field.At the same time, however, our field needs quantitative research that examines the scope of certain issues or that tests the effectiveness of solutions to problems, and we should remain prepared to understand such research from other fields. But the quantitative/qualitative division in composition cannot be healed through "methodological pluralism" or by examining the epistemologies governing those methodological choices.A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification (Annis, 1978) provides a new lens through which we may recontextualize the competing epistemologies our field has outlined, providing a new decision-making framework through which we may appreciate the intersection of research issues (issue/question, purpose, method, and publication) and rhetorical issues (writer, audience, and subject) that form the varied contexts for our work: contexts highlighted in a matrix of questions representing a Contextualist Research Paradigm for Rhetoric and Composition.To illustrate such a paradigm, Eileen Oliver's (1995) "The Writing Quality of Seventh, Ninth, and Eleventh Graders, and College Freshmen: Does Rhetorical Specification in Writing Prompts Make a Difference?" is reprinted with an interview with Oliver, in which she detailed the context for her study. To further demonstrate a Contextualist Paradigm at work, my own study--"Red Ink / Blue Ink: Does it Really Make a Difference?"--responds to the largely untested anecdotal evidence that discourages writing teachers' use of red pens.A Contextualist Research Paradigm is necessary for composition to heal the artificial divisions between qualitative and quantitative research, to direct our attention fully to context rather than politics, form, and numbers, and to conduct not only the research we like, but also the research we and our students need.Department of English
46
Luescher, Samuel. "Beyond visualization : designing interfaces to contextualize geospatial data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82428.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).
The growing sensor data collections about our environment have the potential to drastically change our perception of the fragile world we live in. To make sense of such data, we commonly use visualization techniques, enabling public discourse and analysis. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a series of interactive systems that integrate geospatial sensor data visualization and terrain models with various user interface modalities in an educational context to support data analysis and knowledge building using part-digital, part-physical rendering. The main contribution of this thesis is a concrete application scenario and initial prototype of a "Designed Environment" where we can explore the relationship between the surface of Japan's islands, the tension that originates in the fault lines along the seafloor beneath its east coast, and the resulting natural disasters. The system is able to import geospatial data from a multitude of sources on the "Spatial Web", bringing us one step closer to a tangible "dashboard of the Earth."
Samuel Luescher.
S.M.
47
Ramis, Pujol Juan. "Reengineering et environnements de qualité : une analyse contextualiste." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS001S.
Full textAbstract:
Les pressions de l'environnement concurrentiel semblent être à l'origine d'une volonté des entreprises pour s'améliorer. Des démarches de qualité et, plus récemment, des projets de reengineering ont été poursuivis par des entreprises qui recherchaient des améliorations dans la performance de leurs processus. Reengineering et qualité sont des concepts ayant des origines pratiques loin des traditions de la théorie des organisations. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment se génère la réussite des projets de reengineering dans des environnements de qualité, et essaie d'améliorer l'ancrage des ces deux concepts dans la théorie des organisations. L'effet d'un environnement de qualité, et par extension d'un contexte donné, sur le réussite du reengineering peut être globalement analysé sous les apports de la théorie de la structuration. D'autres analyses plus fines sont basées sur des théories du changement planifié et, notamment, la dimension "apprentissage" du changement qui est développée dans cette thèse de façon privilégiée. La réussite des projets de reengineering est étudiée à partir des articulations en provenance des environnements de qualité, des articulations émergentes d'autres éléments du contexte, des problèmes liés à la réalisation de ces projets, et des impacts organisationnels directs ou indirectement associés. A partir de cette grille de lecture, cinq projets de reengineering dans cinq entreprises différentes sont étudiés suivant une analyse dimensionnelle de contenu. Une analyse longitudinale est aussi réalisée sur une des entreprises. Les étapes clés pour la réussite d'un projet de reengineering se révèlent être la " mise en œuvre " et le " suivi " après mise en œuvre. Les étapes initiales semblent avoir un moindre poids pour la réussite des projets mais leur bonne réalisation est importante pour les étapes clés suivantes. Pour ce qui concerne la "mise en œuvre", des éléments culturels, structurels et comportementaux jouent un rôle essentiel. Les apports essentiels des environnements de qualité, notamment la maîtrise des processus et le système de mesure, s'inscrivent plutôt dans la dernière des étapes : " le suivi ". Cette dernière étape est constituée d'efforts et d'actions distincts qui méritent d'être spécifiés. Ainsi, nous proposons de la sous-diviser en trois étapes différentes : "standardisation", "suivi" (proprement dit) et "améliorations additionnelles"Environmental pressures seem to be at the base of a will of organisations to improve themselves. Quality programs and, more recently, reengineering projects are put in place by organisations searching for process improvement. Reengineering and quality are concepts that are positioned far from the tradition of organisational theory. This dissertation focuses on the generation of success of reengineering in quality environments and, furthermore, tries to strengthen the links of both these two concepts to organisational theory. Influence of a quality environment, and more largely a given organizational context, on the success of a reengineering project can be globally analysed thanks to the contribution of 'structuration' theory. Other more precise analyses are based on planned change theory and, particularly, on the "learning" dimension of change. The success of reengineering projects is studied through the articulations (interdependences) coming from the quality environments, the articulations emerging from other contextual elements, the problems linked to the realization of these projects, and the associated direct and indirect organisational impacts. This theoretical framework is used to study five reengineering projects in five different organisations following a content dimensional analysis. A longitudinal analysis is also pursued in one of these organisations. The "implementation" and the "follow-up" are the reengineering key stages for success. The initial stages seem to have a weaker weight for the success of the reengineering project even though they have an influence on the quality of the following stages. Concerning the "implementation" stage, structural, cultural and behavioural aspects are important. The elements from the quality environment, particularly process management and a measurement system, are essential during the last stage : "follow-up". This last stage is composed of distinct efforts which deserve further specification. We propose to sub-divide this last stage in three different stages : "standardisation", "follow-up" and "additional improvements"
48
Ouedraogo, Wendpanga Francis. "Gestionnaire contextualisé de sécurité pour des « Process 2.0 »." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0132/document.
Full textAbstract:
Compte tenu de l’environnement économique globalisé et de plus en plus concurrentiel, les entreprises et en particulier les PME/PMI, pour rester compétitif,doivent développer de nouvelles stratégie de collaborations (intra et inter-entreprises) et se restructurer pour rendre leur organisation et le système d’information agile. Alors que jusqu'à présent le Web 2.0 permettait de collaborer sur les données elles-mêmes, nous proposons de passer à une logique de « process 2.0 » permettant de rechercher / composer sémantiquement des services existants pour collaborer directement en partageant des fonctionnalités et non plus seulement des données. Couplé au développement du Cloud Computing, facilitant l’hébergement, une telle stratégie permettrait de coupler plus fortement les niveaux SaaS et PaaS. Toutefois, ceci pose d’évidents problèmes de gestion des contraintes de sécurité. Le développement de stratégies de sécurité est usuellement basé sur une analyse systématique des risques afin de les réduire en adoptant des contre-mesures. Ces approches sont lourdes, complexes à mettre en œuvre et sont souvent rendues caduques car les risques sont évalués dans un monde « fermé », ce qui n’est pas le cas d’une approche par composition de services métier réutilisable où le contexte d’utilisation des différents services au niveau métier et plateforme est inconnu a priori. Dans ce type d’approche, le contexte au niveau métier évoque à la fois les fonctionnalités apportées par chaque service, l’organisation (Qui fait à quoi ?) et l’enchainement de ces services ainsi que les types de données (d’ordre stratégique ou pas,..) que manipulent ces services. Au niveau plateforme, le contexte dépend de l’environnement (privé, public,..) dans lequel les services vont s’exécuter. C’est donc sur la base de l’analyse du contexte que l’on peut définir les contraintes de sécurités propres à chaque service métier, pouvoir spécifier les politiques de sécurités adéquates et mettre en œuvre les moyens de sécurisation adaptés. En outre, il est aussi nécessaire de pouvoir propager les politiques de sécurités sur tout le processus afin d’assurer la cohérence et une sécurité globale lors de l’exécution du processus. Pour répondre à ces enjeux, nous proposons d’étudier la définition des politiques de sécurité à base de « patrons » apportant une réponse graduée en fonction de la confiance que l’on a sur l’environnement. Ainsi des patrons de sécurité qui répondent à des besoins de sécurité métiers et à des besoins de sécurité plateforme seront définis et permettront d’exprimer l’ensemble des politiques de sécurité. La sélection et de mise en œuvre de ces politiques de sécurités se feront à partir de patrons de contexte. Notre proposition simple à appréhender par des non spécialistes, permettra, par des transformations de modèles, d’intégrer ces politiques au niveau technologique afin de garantir un niveau de qualité de protection constant quel que soit l’environnement de déploiementTo fit the competitive and globalized economic environment, companies and especially SMEs / SMIs are more and more involved in collaborative strategies, requiring organizational adaptation to fit this openness constraints and increase agility (i.e. the ability to adapt and fit the structural changes). While the Web 2.0 allows sharing data (images, knowledge, CV, micro-blogging, etc...) and while SOA aims at increasing service re-using rate and service interoperability, no process sharing strategies are developed. To overcome this limit, we propose to share processes as well to set a "process 2.0" framework allowing sharing activities. This will support an agile collaborative process enactment by searching and composing services depending on the required business organization and the service semantics. Coupled with the cloud computing deployment opportunity, this strategy will lead to couple more strongly Business, SaaS and PaaS levels. However, this challenges security constraints management in a dynamic environment. The development of security policies is usually based on a systematic risks analysis, reducing them by adopting appropriate countermeasures. These approaches are complex and as a consequence difficult to implement by end users. Moreover risks are assessed in a "closed" and static environment so that these methods do not fit the dynamic business services composition approach, as services can be composed and run in different business contexts (including the functionalities provided by each service, the organization (Who does what?), the coordination between these services and also the kind of data (strategic or no...) that are used and exchanged) and runtime environment (public vs private platform…). By analyzing these contextual information, we can define specific security constraints to each business service, specify the convenient security policies and implement appropriate countermeasures. In addition, it is also necessary to be able to propagate the security policies throughout the process to ensure consistency and overall security during the process execution. To address these issues, we propose to study the definition of security policies coupling Model Driven Security and Pattern based engineering approach to generate and deploy convenient security policies and protection means depending on the (may be untrusted) runtime environment. To this end, we propose a set of security patterns which meet the business and platform related security needs to set the security policies. The selection and the implementation of these security policies will be achieved thank to context-based patterns. Simple to understand by non-specialists, these patterns will be used by the model transformation process to generate these policies in a Model@Runtime strategy so that security services will be selected and orchestrated at runtime to provide a constant quality of protection (independent of the deployment)
49
TESTINI, FRANCESCO. "CRABWALK: APPLYING PRAGMATIC GENEALOGY TO CONTEXTUALIST POLITICAL THEORY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/825556.
Full textAbstract:
Contextualist approaches to political theory share a common feature: they include statements about contextual facts in the justification of normative political judgments. This feature exposes them to the problem of critical distance, i.e. to the worry that an approach including facts about the context to be evaluated in the justification of the judgments evaluating it may entail a form of unduly conservatism or status quo bias. Is it thus possible to increase contextualism’s critical purchase without giving up its distinctiveness, i.e. without relying on external and fact-independent normative resources but remaining into the context? I argue that this is possible, and that genealogy makes a salient contribution in making it so. More specifically, I argue that pragmatic genealogy – the hybrid functionalist approach to genealogy pioneered by Bernard Williams, Edward Craig and Miranda Fricker – can provide crucial insights about the normative standing of contextual facts while steering clear from the genetic fallacy. My argument unfolds across three papers. In the first two papers, I put the method to test, showing that it can bring about different results. In the third paper, I take stock of the issue offering an account of the logic and practical import of the kind of genealogical arguments made in the previous two, namely the mix of justification and explanation known as vindicatory explanations.
50
Anne, Patricia Anne. "Semantically and Contextually-Enhanced Collaborative Filtering Recommender Algorithms." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516289.
Full text