Academic literature on the topic 'Contextual and relational factors'

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Journal articles on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Bonatto, Franciele, Luis Mauricio Martins de Resende, and Joseane Pontes. "Relational governance in supply chain: a systematic literature review." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1711–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2019-0033.

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PurposeThe goal of this research is to establish which contextual factors influence the selection of relational governance instruments in supply chains (SCs) and how these factors impact the expected performance.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) identified 103 conceptual, empirical and analytical studies between 2007 and 2017.FindingsA conceptual framework is developed from the categorization of contextual factors, relational governance instruments and expected SC performance. The conceptual framework provides three propositions: (1) The choice for relational governance instrument is influenced differently by the contextual factors; (2) the impact that the contextual factors have on the governance instruments and SC performance is mediated by trust; (3) The SC performance is affected differently by the instruments of flexibility, solidarity and information sharing.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research can help business managers better govern and know the contextual factors and use different relational governance instruments and trust dimensions to drive the expected results of the SC.Originality/valueThe synthesis reveals contingencies of relational governance instruments in SCs for performance expected in different contexts and proposes a standpoint for further research in the area.
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Crawford Shearer, Nelma B. "Relationships of Contextual and Relational Factors to Health Empowerment in Women." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.18.4.357.64094.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of contextual and relational factors to health empowerment in women with children. This study used a descriptive, correlational design to answer the basic research question: “What contextual and relational factors explain health empowerment in women?” The theoretical framework of health empowerment was based upon a synthesis of social and developmental perspectives and guided by a Rogerian view of the person-environment process. The analytic approach included bivariate correlations and a series of multiple regressions to identify factors explaining health empowerment. The contextual (demographic) and relational (social and professional support) factors explained 38% of the variance in health empowerment measured as knowing participation in change. For health empowerment, measured as lifestyle behaviors, the contextual and relational factors explained 43% of the variance. The results of this study offer partial empirical support for theoretical relationships. Findings provide a basis to generate additional nursing research focusing on the continuous mutual process of human beings and the environment, leading to theory-based interventions.
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Pavitt, Charles, and Bradley Kemp. "Contextual and relational factors in interpersonal negotiation strategy choice." Communication Quarterly 47, no. 2 (March 1999): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463379909370130.

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Santo, Jonathan Bruce, Ellyn Charlotte Bass, Luz Stella-Lopez, and William M. Bukowski. "Contextual influences on the relations between physical and relational aggression and peer victimization." School Psychology International 38, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034316678655.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that several contextual factors influence the relationship between aggression and peer victimization in early adolescence, including gender of the same-sex peer group and gender composition of the school. The current study replicated and expanded on this research by examining the moderating influences of gender of the same-sex peer group, same-sex peer group norms, and classroom gender composition in a sample of early adolescents from Barranquilla, Colombia. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that both relational and physical aggression were positive predictors of peer victimization. Relationally aggressive girls were at a lower risk for victimization while physically aggressive girls were at a higher risk. Relational aggression was a weaker predictor in classes with a larger proportion of girls. Additionally, relational aggression was a weaker predictor in same-sex peer groups with a greater prevalence of relational aggression. These findings provide further evidence of multiple forms of contextual influence on social behavior. Practical implications for these findings are also provided.
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Hipp, Lauren E., Lisa Kane Low, and Sari M. van Anders. "Exploring Women's Postpartum Sexuality: Social, Psychological, Relational, and Birth‐Related Contextual Factors." Journal of Sexual Medicine 9, no. 9 (September 2012): 2330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02804.x.

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Floyd, Kory, and Mark T. Morman. "Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors." Western Journal of Communication 61, no. 3 (September 1997): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570319709374578.

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Younas, Ahtisham. "Relational inquiry approach for developing deeper awareness of patient suffering." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020912523.

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To practice compassion, the recognition, understanding, and alleviation of patient suffering are of utmost importance. Nursing literature provides ample guidance about the nature and meaning and patients’ views about compassion and physical and psychological suffering. However, missing is the discussion about how nurses can achieve a deeper awareness of patients’ suffering to practice compassion. This paper aims to describe the relational inquiry nursing approach and illustrate how this approach can enable nurses to develop a deeper awareness of patient suffering. The relational inquiry approach encompasses two components: a relational consciousness and inquiry as a form of action. Relational consciousness requires the nurses to focus on the concrete situations and relationships as well as recognize the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors affecting the situations. The interpersonal factors are among and between the individuals, intrapersonal factors are within the individuals, and contextual factors are the hidden factors influencing the individuals and situations. Inquiry as an action requires a critical analysis of the experiences of individuals, situational contexts, and knowledge to inform the nursing care modalities and actions. This approach encourages nurses to use the philosophies of hermeneutic phenomenology, critical theory, and pragmatism. The phenomenological worldview allows nurses to interpret their own and patients’ experiences, the critical theory worldview allows nurses to examine the influence of social and cultural factors, and pragmatism allows nurses to question their prior knowledge and develop new knowledge in each situation. The relational inquiry approach allows nurses to develop a deeper understanding of patient suffering through building a therapeutic and trustworthy relationship, active listening, focusing on the details, and engaging in broad and situations specific inquiries to understand the patient narrative of suffering. Two case exemplars are shared to demonstrate how relational inquiry allowed nurses to move beyond recognizing physical suffering and understand patients’ emotional and psychological suffering.
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Frosch, Cynthia A., Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan, and D. David O’Banion. "Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 15, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827619849028.

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A child’s development is embedded within a complex system of relationships. Among the many relationships that influence children’s growth and development, perhaps the most influential is the one that exists between parent and child. Recognition of the critical importance of early parent-child relationship quality for children’s socioemotional, cognitive, neurobiological, and health outcomes has contributed to a shift in efforts to identify relational determinants of child outcomes. Recent efforts to extend models of relational health to the field of child development highlight the role that parent, child, and contextual factors play in supporting the development and maintenance of healthy parent-child relationships. This review presents a parent-child relational health perspective on development, with an emphasis on socioemotional outcomes in early childhood, along with brief attention to obesity and eating behavior as a relationally informed health outcome. Also emphasized here is the parent–health care provider relationship as a context for supporting healthy outcomes within families as well as screening and intervention efforts to support optimal relational health within families, with the goal of improving mental and physical health within our communities.
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Jordanova-Peshevska, Dimitrinka, and Fimka Tozija. "Are resilient factors increasing the risk for childhood psychological victimization?" Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (June 17, 2018): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.272.

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Background: Understanding the resilient factors and why some children do well despite early adverse experiences is crucial, because it can inform more effective policies and programs that help more children reach their full potential.Aim: The main objective of the study is to describe the associations between psychological abuse in childhood and resilient risk factors on individual, relational, contextual level among adolescents in the country and see the probability of resiliency to predict psychological victimization. Material and method: Cross-sectional study on two stage quota sample of 622 university students was applied in the study, including adolescents at first-year at the main public University “St Cyril and Methodius, Skopje”, from the 12 faculties in the country. Adverse Childhood Experiences Study International Questionnaires was used for collecting information on psychological abuse, while the individual, relational and contextual resilient factors were measured using the Child аnd Youth Resilience Measure - Youth version. The study was conducted from March to September 2017. Statistical significance was set up at p<0.05.Results: The results from the study have shown statistically significant negative correlation between exposure to psychological abuse in childhood and individual (rpb =-.159), relational (rpb =-.263), contextual factors (rpb = -.147), and resilience in total (rpb =-.232). The regressive model presents that 5.2% of the variance of the variable experienced psychological abuse is explained with resilience (F(1, 527)=28.909; p<.001), showing that resilience is negatively significant predictor for being psychologically abused in childhood (β=-.228; t=-5.377; p<.001).Conclusion: Supporting children by prevention means foster competence and prevent problems. Preventive programms represent developing protective factors in childhood, increasing competence and skills for the growth of resilience and decreasing the likelihood for developing psychopathology in adolescence and adulthood. It is of common interest of society for implementation of evidence based interventions with nurturing environments and in the long run setting up positive childhood platform for future generations.
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EDWARDS, TIMOTHY, ELIZABETH B. PASK, ROBERT WHITBRED, and KIMBERLY A. NEUENDORF. "The influence of personal, relational, and contextual factors on forgiveness communication following transgressions." Personal Relationships 25, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pere.12224.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Edwards, Tim. "The Influence of Personal, Relational, and Contextual Factors on Forgiveness Communication Following Transgressions in Romantic Relationships." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1430661105.

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Bass, Anneliese Joy Moore Ginger A. "Mutual regulation of parent-infant dyadic interactions synchrony, flexibility, and relations with contextual factors /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4716/index.html.

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Williams, Natalie A. "Mothers' strategies for helping toddlers cope with stress : relations among child, maternal, and contextual factors /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418076.

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Sardar, Shakir. "Organizational communication and employee’s deviant behavior : exploring underlying mechanisms and contextual factors in the Pakistani manufacturing industry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221212_SARDAR_607baico621z811audm684al_TH.pdf.

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Les chercheurs en communication reconnaissent la nécessité d'élargir et d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine, particulièrement dans les organisations. Une question reste d'actualité : comment la communication organisationnelle impacte-t-elle les attitudes et comportements de travail des salariés ? En plus de cette communication organisationnelle, les chercheurs ont peu exploré les mécanismes sous-jacents et les facteurs contextuels qui pourraient conduire à des comportements déviants. Cette thèse vise à répondre à ces questions. Elle comporte une étude qualitative et une étude quantitative d'employés travaillant dans les industries manufacturières du Pakistan. Pour ce faire, nous avons conclu notre recherche en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, nous avons interrogé des professionnels travaillant dans les industries manufacturières pour comprendre à quel point la communication est essentielle et affecte le comportement au travail des employés. Nous avons réussi à développer une base solide selon laquelle la communication organisationnelle a trois dimensions, à savoir l'adéquation de la communication, le canal de communication et la relation de communication, qui influencent à leur tour l'attitude au travail de l'employé, et plus particulièrement l'engagement et l'identification avec l'organisation. Cette relation est influencée par la culture d’un environnement de travail favorable au sein de l'organisation. S'il y a un déséquilibre dans ces relations, cela peut créer une attitude de travail hostile parmi les employés. Dans une deuxième étape, et dans le but de généraliser nos résultats issus de l’étude qualitative, nous avons développé un modèle de recherche
Communication researchers increasingly recognize the need to expand the field of organizational communication. One question is still valid: how does organizational communication impact employees' working attitudes and behavior? In addition to that organizational communication, researchers have neglected the underlying mechanism and contextual factors that might lead to one’s deviant behavior. This dissertation aims to answer these questions with qualitative and quantitative studies of employees working in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan. To do so, we have concluded our research in two parts. First, we interviewed professionals working in manufacturing industries to understand how much communication is essential and affects employees' working behavior. We succeeded in developing a strong ground that organizational communication has three dimensions, i.e., Adequacy of communication, communication channel, and communication relationship, which are responsible for influencing the employee’s working attitude, i.e., commitment and identification with the organization. This relationship can be supported moderately by the supportive work environment culture in the organization. If there is a misbalance in these relationships, it can create a hostile working attitude among employees. In the second stage, to generalize our qualitative findings, we have developed a hypothesized research model to test the relationship between organizational communication and employees’ deviant behavior by mediating the role of organizational commitment and organizational identification. We have also tested the moderating role of a supportive work environment in the relationship between
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Jin, Hong-Seok. "A study of contextual factors and management practices in relation to foreign invested enterprises' performance : a focus on organisational adaptation of American and Japanese MNCs in Korea." Thesis, University of West London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439111.

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Guez, Hava. "Psychopathologie et attachement dans la transition à la maternité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080042.

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La santé mentale périnatale est un sujet de préoccupation sociétale majeure ; le suicide étant devenu la deuxième cause de mortalité maternelle après les maladies cardiovasculaires, soit 13,4% des morts maternelles durant la période périnatale. L’objectif cette thèse était d’étudier la psychopathologie des mères durant la transition vers la maternité en lien avec des variables contextuelles, relationnelles et des représentations d’attachement. Une première étude visait à étudier les trajectoires de dépression et d’anxiété durant la transition à la maternité. Notre échantillon était composé de 148 femmes canadiennes (âge moyen : 21,66). Elles ont répondu à un questionnaire d’informations socioéconomiques, à un inventaire de symptômes psychologiques (Symptom Check-List, SCL-90), à une mesure du stress psychologique (PSM), à une échelle d’ajustement dyadique (The Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS) et à un questionnaire de soutien social (SSQ). Dans une seconde étude, nous avons examiné les liens entre burn-out et symptomatologie anxiodépressive. Notre échantillon était composé de 70 femmes françaises (âge moyen : 31,19) qui ont répondu à l’échelle de dépression postnatale d’Edimbourg (EPSD), à un inventaire d’anxiété (STAI Trait/Etat) et à un questionnaire de burn-out parental (Parental Burnout Assessment, BPA). Dans une troisième étude, nous avons examiné les liens entre attachement, symptomatologie anxiodépressive et burn-out, trente-cinq femmes (âge moyen : 31,32) ont répondu à l’EPSD, la STAI Trait/Etat et au PBA. L’Attachment Multiple Model Interview a également été administré pour évaluer l'attachement à chacun des parents et au conjoint. Enfin, pour illustrer les résultats de notre dernière étude, nous avons utilisé le même échantillon avec une approche qualitative.Les résultats ont montré : (1) chez des mères à haut risque sur le plan social, l’existence de trois trajectoires distinctes de dépression et d’anxiété, l’une d’elles avec des niveaux élevés de symptômes qui continuent d’augmenter tout au long de la transition ; (2) que l’environnement familial et personnel de la mère peut être rattachées à un ensemble de facteurs (revenu familial, stress psychologique, satisfaction conjugale, perception du soutien social) qui prédisent les trajectoires de santé mentale tout au long la transition à la maternité ; (3) que des représentations d’attachement désorganisées à la mère sont liées à une symptomatologie composite : symptômes dépressifs et anxiété trait dans le post-partum ; (4) qu’une stratégie d’attachement d’inhibition au conjoint est associée au fait d’avoir un état anxieux dans le post-partum ; (5) que l’anxiété trait médiatise le lien entre représentations d’attachement et burn-out maternel durant le post-partum.Nos résultats soulignent l’importance :- de privilégier les études de trajectoires dans la transition à la maternité. Ces dernières permettent de considérer les différences interindividuelles de profils maternels dans le vécu de l’adaptation, témoignant de la nécessité d’accorder une vigilance particulière pour les mères à risque.- de prendre en compte le contexte personnel et familial dans lequel la grossesse se déroule pour anticiper les trajectoires de dépression et d’anxiété durant le transition à la maternité.- d’une évaluation prénatal permettant un dépistage précoce systématique- d’un dépistage systématique de l’anxiété lors de l’examen prénatal pour prévenir du burn-out.- d’apporter une attention particulière aux modèles et stratégies d’attachement dans le post-partum afin d’intervenir précocement par des psychothérapies efficaces
Perinatal mental health is a major societal concern; suicide has become the second cause of maternal mortality after cardiovascular disease, representing 13.4% of maternal deaths. The objective of this research was to study psychopathology among mothers during the transition to motherhood, in relation to contextual and relational variables as well as attachment representations.A first study was aimed at identifying trajectories of depression and anxiety during the transition to motherhood. Our sample consisted of 148 Canadian women (mean age: 21,66 years). They filled in a socio-demographic questionnaire, an inventory of psychological symptoms (Symptom Check-List, SCL-90), a measure of psychological stress (PSM), a dyadic adjustment scale (The Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS) and a social support questionnaire (SSQ). In a second study, we examined the links between burnout and anxious-depressive symptomatology. Our sample consisted of 70 French women (mean age: 31,19 years) who completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPSD), an Anxiety Inventory (STAI Trait/Etat), and the Parental Burnout Assessment (BPA). In a third study, we examined the links between attachment, anxious-depressive symptoms, and burnout. Thirty-five women (mean age: 31.32 years) filled in the EPSD, the STAI Trait/Etat and the PBA. The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each parent and partner. Finally, to illustrate the results of our final study, we used the same sample with a qualitative approach.The results showed: (1) the existence of three distinct trajectories of depression and anxiety, one of them with a high level of symptoms that continued to increase during the transition to motherhood ; (2) that mothers’ family and personal environments can be linked to a set of correlated factors (family income, psychological stress, marital satisfaction, perception of social support) that predict mental health trajectories throughout the transition to motherhood ; (3) that disorganized attachment in the relationship with one’s own mother is linked to a composite measure of depressive and trait anxiety symptoms in the postpartum period ; (4) that deactivating attachment strategies with the partner are associated with having an anxious state in the postpartum period ; (5) that trait anxiety mediates the link between maternal attachment and parental burnout.Our results highlight the importance of:- prioritizing trajectory studies in the transition to motherhood. They make it possible to consider inter-individual differences in maternal profiles of adaptation, highlighting the need to pay particular attention to mothers at risk.- taking into account the personal and family context in which pregnancy takes place to anticipate the trajectories of depression and anxiety during the transition to motherhood.- a prenatal assessment allowing systematic early detection of mothers at risk.- systematic screening for anxiety during the prenatal examination to prevent burnout.- pay specific attention to attachment models and strategies in the postpartum period in order to intervene early through effective psychotherapies
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Morin, Johanne. "Learning relational cliches with contextual generalization." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8773.

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Inductive logic programming (ILP) is concerned with the problem of inducing concepts represented as logic programs (or Horn clauses) from examples. Top-down inductive learners such as FOIL (Quinlan 1990; Cameron-Jones et al. 1993) learn Horn clauses adding one literal at a time using a hill-climbing search. These learners suffer from local plateaus, where the selection of a conjunction of literals, rather than a single literal, would improve the accuracy of the clause. The problem becomes the search for combinations of literals rather than just single literals. A mechanism to search efficiently through the space of combinations of literals is needed. The FOCL system (Pazzani et al. 1991) solved this problem by giving the concept learner hand-made "relational cliches" which are combinations of literals to consider while learning. The problem is that these cliches are hard to derive and often specific to a domain. So, it would be desirable to learn them automatically. As a part of this thesis, an inductive learner called CLUSE (Cliches Learned and USEd) has been developed that learns combinations of literals called relational cliches. The underlying idea is to learn cliches from examples of a concept and to use them with a hill-climbing learner to escape local plateaus. Cliches are learned from a concept in one domain and used to learn concepts within the same domain as well as across domains. Assuming that cliches are learned and used in the same domain, literals used to express different concepts overlap. Consequently cliches learned from one concept should provide appropriate lookahead to learn concepts in the same domain. On the other hand, these cliches probably have few literals in common with concepts across domains, hence the need for more general cliches. To solve this, CLUSE learns two kinds of cliches: Domain Dependent Cliches expressed as a conjunction of literals specific to a domain, and Domain Independent Cliches where literals have variable predicate symbols. CLUSE is a bottom-up inductive relational learner based on Relative Least General Generalization (RLGG). To remedy the inefficiency and the overgeneralization problems of RLGG, a modified version of RLGG has been developed that exploits the context in which LGG is applied. The modified RLGG is called Contextual Least General Generalization (CLGG). Empirical experiments with CLUSE reveal that cliches learned with CLUSE provide appropriate lookahead to escape local plateaus of a hill-climbing learner both within and across domains. For the purpose of the evaluation, FOIL has been extended to learn concepts with or without cliches. In two domains of application, cliches have proven to be useful. One domain is the real-life application defining structures for the finite element methods (FEM). The other domain is the synthetic domain of blocks, which offers a wide variety of problems (or concepts). Other domains of application such as drug design, text categorization, and detecting traffic problems are also discussed.
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Morin, Johanne. "Learning relational clichés with contextual generalization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ46535.pdf.

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Jenkins, Alexander. "Relational Training Of Contextual Cues And Responses Allocation Towards Slot Machines." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2778.

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Slot machine gambling is the most addictive form of gambling and it is the most popular type of gambling in America (Abbot, 2001). The United States ranks number 1 in annual gambling losses, which equaled to about 40 million dollars (Ghezzi, Lyons, & Dixon, 2000). The present study sought to expand on previous studies by Zlomske & Dixon (2006) and Hoon et al. (2008) by using of contextual cues to teach conditional discrimination relations, one through exclusion, and evaluated the participants' response allocation across four different colored slot machines. Results demonstrated that all of the participants except for one was able to score one correct response when tested on the exclusionary stimuli. Further analysis showed that only a few of the participants' response allocation on the gambling task was altered towards the slot machines that shared the contextual cues of "best" and "greater than".
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TERRAGNI, SILVIA. "Modeling Relational and Contextual Information into Topic Models and their Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365002.

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La conoscenza testuale è uno dei pilastri principali della nostra società. Infatti, la conoscenza umana è spesso trasmessa attraverso le parole. Dall'invenzione della scrittura, gli uomini hanno raccontato e descritto la loro esistenza con parole su pezzi di carta. Questa quantità di conoscenza si accumula fino a ciò che l'intera civiltà ha raccolto in più di 5000 anni. Gli storici e gli scienziati sociali e politici cercano modi per capire meglio questa vasta quantità di conoscenza collettiva che non può essere esplorata manualmente. A questo scopo, i ricercatori di machine learning, statistica e linguistica computazionale hanno sviluppato i topic model, una suite di algoritmi che mirano ad annotare grandi archivi di documenti con informazioni tematiche. La popolarità di questi modelli è dovuta al fatto che sono non supervisionati e che sono interpretabili. I topic model analizzano e riassumono i temi principali, anche detti topic, di grandi collezioni di documenti, presentando le informazioni in una forma compatta e comprensibile. La maggior parte dei topic model si concentrano solo sulle parole codificate nei documenti. Tuttavia, informazioni aggiuntive possono essere introdotte nei topic model per migliorare le loro prestazioni. Infatti, in molti casi del mondo reale, raramente abbiamo solo i semplici testi da analizzare. Invece, abbiamo informazioni aggiuntive o metadati relativi ai documenti, ad esempio, l'autore del documento, la data, collegamenti ipertestuali ad altri documenti, un insieme di hashtag, menzioni o etichette. Possiamo usare queste informazioni precedenti per aiutare un topic model a scoprire topic di qualità. Per esempio, sapere che un documento cita un altro documento aumenta la nostra fiducia che i documenti parlano degli stessi argomenti.Inoltre, i topic model spesso ignorano l'ordine delle parole e le informazioni contestuali, rendendo difficile dedurre gli topic coerenti e significativi. Un altro problema nel campo è legato agli iperparametri usati per durante il processo di learning dei topic model. Gli iperparametri sono spesso fissati e pochi ricercatori hanno cercato di studiare il loro impatto sui risultati. In questa tesi, ci proponiamo di affrontare i problemi menzionati. Introduciamo nuove famiglie di topic model per ottenere prestazioni migliori. Esploriamo anche le questioni relative all'ottimizzazione degli iperparametri progettando e sviluppando un nuovo strumento per fornire ai ricercatori delle linee guida migliori su come usare un topic model.
Textual knowledge is one of the main pillars of our society. Indeed, human knowledge is often passed along using words. Since the invention of writing, humans have narrated and described their existence with words over pieces of papers. This amount of knowledge builds up to what the entire civilization has collected over more than 5'000 years. Historians and social and political scientists look for ways to understand better this vast amount of collective knowledge that cannot be manually explored. To this end, researchers from machine learning, statistics and computational linguistic have developed topic models, a suite of algorithms that aim to annotate large archives of documents with thematic information. The popularity of these models is due to the fact that they are unsupervised and that they are interpretable. Topic models analyze and summarize the main themes, or topics, of large collections of documents, presenting the information in a compact and understandable form. Most topic models focus only on the words encoded in the documents. However, additional information can be introduced into topic models to improve their performance. In fact, in many real-world cases, we seldom have only the mere texts to analyze. Instead, we have additional information or metadata related to the documents, e.g., the document's author, the date, hyperlinks to other documents, a set of hashtags, mentions or labels. We can use this prior information to help a topic model discover better topics. For example, knowing that a document cites another document increases our confidence that the documents talk about the same topics. Also, topic models often ignore word order and contextual information, making it difficult to infer high-quality topics. Another problem in the field is related to the hyperparameters used to train the topics models. The hyperparameters are often fixed in experimental settings and few researchers have tried to study their impact on the results. In this thesis, we aim to tackle the mentioned problems. We introduce novel families of topic models to obtain better performance. We also explore the issues related to hyperparameter optimization by designing and developing a novel tool to supply researchers with better guidelines on how to train a topic model.

Books on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Pequegnat, Willo. Family and HIV/AIDS: Cultural and Contextual Issues in Prevention and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012.

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Leckey, Robert. Contextual subjects: Family, state and relational theory. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.

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ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics., ed. Contextual factors in second language acquisition. [Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, Center for Applied Linguistics, 2000.

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J, Canary Daniel, and Dainton Marianne, eds. Maintaining relationships through communication: Relational, contextual, and cultural variations. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.

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Powell, Lisa M. Economic contextual factors and child body mass index. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Madore, Alex-Andrée. Factors that may influence relational aggression in preschoolers. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2007.

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Bardill, Donald R. The relational systems model for family therapy: Living in the four realities. New York: Haworth Press, 1997.

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Al-Mahrooqi, Rahma, and Christopher J. Denman, eds. Individual and Contextual Factors in the English Language Classroom. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91881-1.

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Nord, Catharina, and Ebba Högström. Caring architecture: Institutions and relational practices. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.

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Stairs, Andrea J. Research on urban teacher learning: Examining contextual factors over time. Charlotte, N.C: IAP-Information Age Pub., Inc., 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Du, Ping. "Contextual Factors as Relational Strategies." In Intercultural Communication in the Chinese Workplace, 180–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137381040_9.

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Everts, Philip, and Pierangelo Isernia. "Support for the Use of Force: Situational and Contextual Factors." In Public Opinion, Transatlantic Relations and the Use of Force, 197–230. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315755_6.

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Rodkin, Philip C., and Allison M. Ryan. "Child and adolescent peer relations in educational context." In APA educational psychology handbook, Vol 2: Individual differences and cultural and contextual factors., 363–89. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13274-015.

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Henriques, Carla, and Clara Viseu. "Are ERDF Devoted to Boosting ICT in SMEs Inefficient? Further Insights Through the Joint Use of DEA with SFA Models." In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 43–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_3.

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AbstractWe employ a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model coupled with Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) by using data made freely available by the European Commission, to evaluate the procedural efficiency of 51 OPs from 16 countries committed to fostering the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in small mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). We depart from the results obtained in the previous Chapter with two DEA models, specifically the Slack Based-Measure (SBM) and the Weighted Russel Directional Distance (WRDD) model. Firstly, we adjust the input and output factors through the SFA by removing the influence of environmental factors and statistical noise. Secondly, we instantiate the previous DEA models with adjusted factors, to compute new efficiency factors. All in all, we observed that by removing these contextual effects, nearly 27% of the OPs (14) vs. 30% of the OPs (16) using the SBM and the WRDD approaches, respectively, achieved efficient procedural outcomes, compared to 20 percent (10) without the consideration of these factors. The OP “Multi-regional Spain - ERDF” is commonly considered a benchmark regardless of the model and contextual environment. The ‘number of operations supported’ is the measure that necessitates more consideration, with or without the elimination of environmental factors, irrespective of the DEA model used. Our findings imply that more developed areas with a higher number of ICT specialists tend to have lower use of ERDF funds committed to promoting ICT adoption in SMEs. These findings might be attributable to administrative practices and SMEs’ failure to manage the complicated technicalities involved in submitting and executing European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project proposals. As a result, it is critical to provide the extra help that reduces managerial requirements while also meeting the demands of SMEs.
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Davis, Edward B., James M. Day, Philip A. Lindia, and Austin W. Lemke. "Religious/Spiritual Development and Positive Psychology: Toward an Integrative Theory." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 279–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_18.

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AbstractThroughout the history of psychology, scholars and practitioners have sought to understand religious/spiritual (R/S) development and its intersections with well-being. Several models of R/S development have been proposed, but they have neither been well-integrated with each other nor studied and applied broadly in the field of positive psychology. This chapter’s purpose is to draw on existing longitudinal research on R/S development to propose an integrative theory that can guide developmental science and practice on religion, spirituality, and positive psychology. This Positive Religious and Spiritual Development (PRSD) theory posits that people’s religiousness/spirituality (a) is motivated by goals designed to meet psychological needs (e.g., for acceptance, predictability, and competence); (b) consists of mental/neural representations (stored beliefs, emotions, action tendencies, and physiological responses) and R/S habits that develop and change through relational experiences at the micro-, meso-, and macrolevels; (c) is influenced by numerous contextual factors (e.g., age, sex/gender, culture, and faith tradition), including personal and sociocultural assets and liabilities (risk and resilience factors); and (d) interacts bidirectionally with people’s holistic well-being via psychological, social, behavioral, and physical pathways. We offer illustrative examples of PRSD theory, highlight some of its caveats and limitations, and discuss its applications for clinical practice and religious ministry.
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Patterson, Robert Earl. "Contextual Factors." In Human Factors of Stereoscopic 3D Displays, 47–56. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6651-1_6.

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Alber, Elisabeth, and Alice Valdesalici. "Italy." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Fiscal Federalism, 257–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97258-5_7.

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AbstractItaly’s system of fiscal federalism and financial relations is comparable to an inverted pendulum that, unlike a normal pendulum that is stable when hanging downwards, is unstable and must be actively balanced to remain upright. For now, it is balanced by applying a torque at the pivot point that is centrally steered, and not by moving the pivot point horizontally as part of a feedback system in which its multiple actors enter dialogue on an equal footing. What is meant by this, and which factors or developments speak for this argument, is the subject of this paper. The paper offers a contextual analysis of the reasons and development of Italy’s unequal regional economies, and it discusses recent turning points regarding the allocation of expenditure responsibilities, taxation powers, and mechanisms of equalization, both in relation to the regional and the local level of government.
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Nasrallah-Babenko, Maha. "Relational Factors." In The Integrated Guide to Treating Penetration Disorders in Women, 54–68. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003129172-4.

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Patterson, Robert Earl. "Contextual Factors, Continued." In Human Factors of Stereoscopic 3D Displays, 57–62. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6651-1_7.

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Logan, T. K., Robert Walker, Carol E. Jordan, and Carl G. Leukefeld. "Internal Contextual Factors." In Women and victimization: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications., 93–131. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11364-005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Peshevska, Dimitrinka Jordanova, and Fimka Tozija. "PW 1018 Abuse and neglect in childhood associated with individual, relational and contextual factors among adolescents." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.291.

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Moreno, Diana, Luciënne Blessing, Kristin Wood, Claus Vögele, and Alberto Hernández. "Creativity Predictors: Findings From Design-by-Analogy Ideation Methods’ Learning and Performance." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47929.

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There is still much to learn about the mechanisms and interactions by which psychological and cognitive factors influence creative performance in design, and more explicitly in design’s ideation stage. The present study aims to explore such influences for Design by Analogy (DbA) ideation methods. 69 participants from 52 companies in Mexico and Singapore executed two ideation sessions (phase I and phase II) to generate solution ideas for a service design problem (same design problem was used for both phases). Between the two phases participants were assigned and trained with one of three selected ideation conditions: Control, WordTree and SCAMPER. Finally, they were asked to self-evaluate 11 factors that may influence their creative performance. The explored factors comprised individual, performance self-perception and contextual factors. Individual factors are considered with respect to the ideation activity and the design problem. In the case of the ideation activity evaluated factors are: entertainment (boring-fun), motivation, inspiration and easiness (difficult-easy). For the design problem, interest, easiness and inspiration are considered. Performance self-perception factors are: commitment (minimal effort-hard work), concentration (unfocused-focused) and level of success (unsuccessful-successful). Lastly, the Contextual factor considered is the self-perceived relation of time with respect to ideas. Two main analyses are presented and discussed in this article: the effect of learning and applying DbA ideation methods on participants’ factor self-evaluation, and; the relationship between the 11 self-evaluated factors and creative performance using the metrics of Fluency, Novelty and Fixation.
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Jurczuk, Arkadiusz. "TOWARDS PROCESS MATURITY – TRIGGERS OF CHANGE." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.77.

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Process-oriented development of an organization is supported by maturity models. They delineate a sequence of stages that together form a path from an initial to a desired maturity level. Maturity progress is determined by various success factors and initiated by different triggers. There is no common classification of these triggers. The purpose of this paper is to identify triggers in relation to maturity levels. To identify triggers a contextual model has been developed and literature review has been conducted. Results suggest that due to incomplete understanding of process-based approach some additional triggers may also affect success of its implementation.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Denis Ukperaj, and Hannu Vanharanta. "Democratic Management Succession in Balkan Family Businesses: Appointment of Family and nonfamily Members in Leadership Roles." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001521.

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Family businesses are considered to be the backbone of the free-enterprise system in the Balkans. They account for the overwhelming majority of small and medium-sized enterprises and contribute significantly to the economic welfare of the region. However, the lack of succession planning, among other factors, has put the future prospects of local family businesses at risk. Accordingly, family-owned enterprises that do not have a succession plan in place could not only endanger the ongoing prosperity of their future generations but also the company’s very existence. Given that the nomination of family and nonfamily members to top senior positions may set personal interests against corporate ones, this may lead to serious problems in the firm’s strategic direction when the two are not compatible. Consequently, potential successors should be assessed across different domains to determine who is the best fit for a leadership role. Accordingly, this paper introduces the Democratic Employee Connect Model (DECM), a step-gated framework which can provide a potential solution for family businesses when planning for management succession. It is composed of six steps, which will guide family-owned enterprises during this crucial process. The six steps of the model are aligned with the six levels of the Company democracy Model to democratically identify the most suitable candidate in this succession process which is often driven by personal and family interests. Two essential components of the DECM are its scoring system and change management model applied in a democratic context. The former would help family-owned enterprises decide whether a family or nonfamily member should be the next leader of the company, whereas the latter would increase the organisational commitment and level of cohesion between family and nonfamily members. Although this framework is specific only for the Balkan region, it may also be applicable in other regions and economies of similar size with some minor adjustments. The research conducted is based on secondary data that integrates selected elements from the main family business theories in the proposed model such as the family business system theory, agency and stewardship theories, social exchange and social identity theories, and others. In addition, primary research has been collected from survey responses of 63 family businesses, interviews with five industry experts and observations of two family-owned enterprises to better understand the factors that Balkan family businesses take into account for the appointment of family and nonfamily successors.In this context, the primary and secondary research findings suggested that relational and contextual factors are more important than individual factors for the nomination of a nonfamily successor in these organisations and the opposite is true for a family successor. This provides evidence that most family-owned enterprises in the region have a strong desire to appoint family members in leadership roles as opposed to nonfamily members, whose contributions are presumably secondary to the founding family. These insights are incorporated in the Democratic Employee Connect Model (DECM) for a more accurate representation of family businesses in the region. The paper also presents research limitations that can be considered for future research.
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Lorenz Fontolan, Beatrice, Aline Ramos Esperidião, Iolanda Geronimo Del Roio, and Alfredo Iarozinski Neto. "PERCEPÇÃO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O MEIO URBANO: Uma avaliação subjetiva dos moradores de cidades brasileiras." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12177.

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Sustainability in the urban context is closely linked with the contextual characteristics of neighborhoods. However, what are the characteristics of the urban environment that most contribute to the residents' perception of sustainability? The objective of the present research is to analyze the correlation between the perception of sustainability and the main characteristics of the urban environment. In this way, a sample of more than 300 respondents was obtained through a questionnaire made up of qualitative questions. The hypotheses raised are that the concern with sustainability is related to tangible and non-tangible characteristics of the neighborhoods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the perceptions of individuals in relation to the neighborhood are important factors in the perception of sustainability. Still, the concern with sustainability is related to the satisfaction of the residents, especially in relation to the appearance of the neighborhood and maintenance of the neighborhood. Keywords: sustainable planning, neighborhood satisfaction, individual perception, multivariate analysis. A sustentabilidade no contexto urbano está intimamente ligada com as características contextuais dos bairros. Porém, quais são as características do meio urbano que mais contribuem com a percepção de sustentabilidade dos moradores? O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a correlação entre a percepção de sustentabilidade e as principais características do meio urbano. Desta forma, foi obtida uma amostra com mais de 300 respondentes, por meio de um questionário, formado por questões qualitativas. As hipóteses levantadas são que a preocupação com a sustentabilidade está relacionada com características tangíveis e não tangíveis dos bairros. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e análise de correlação. Os resultados indicaram que as percepções dos indivíduos em relação ao bairro são fatores importantes na percepção de sustentabilidade. Ainda, a preocupação com a sustentabilidade está relacionada com a satisfação dos moradores, principalmente em relação a aparência do bairro e manutenção da vizinhança. Palavras-chave: planejamento sustentável, satisfação com o bairro, percepção do indivíduo, análise multivariada.
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MELNIC, Natalia. "Echilibru între profesionalizare și factorul Timp." In Educația în contextul provocărilor societale: paradigme, inovații, transfer tehnologic. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.17-11-2023.p163-167.

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Educational reforms influence the construction of the professional identity of teachers and their relations with other pedagogical and social factors. But in what way does such influence occur? Based on recent developments in convergent reforms and skills expected by educational policy, it is necessary to point out certain difficulties in adapting to change, to the social, cultural and political environment, to the relationship with the knowledge to be assimilated and to the management of the classroom. The activity of the teacher is in constant tension due to the need to regulate and rationalize the students’ success in a society where the school is no longer a „sanctuary of knowledge”, but which requires much more from the teachers.
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Kusuma, Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang. "Understanding the Contextual Idiosyncrasies of Stunting Prevention Program at District and Village Levels in Indonesia Using the Ecological Approach." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34.

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ABSTRACT Background: Despite rapid economic growth, stunting affects one third of the child­ren under five population in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) realizing the problem, established the National Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention as a national priority program for 2017 to 2021. The GoI plans to maximize the use of resources, policies, and programs that encompasses nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions directed to the first 100 days of life. This study aimed to explore the extent of program planning, budgeting, and implementation related to stunting prevention at district and village level as well as to understand the challenges presented to converge intervention. Subjects and Method: A case study with ecological approach was conducted in 10 villages from five districts in Indonesia. The study method included focus group discussions with 70 district officials and 100 village representatives, interviews with 12 key informants from district planning agency, document analysis, and reflective journaling. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Most head districts, officials from relevant departments and village leaders committed to stunting prevention following the vice president decree of stunting as a national priority. As a result, programs and budget were in place and local initiatives to prevent stunting were on the rise. Despite the commitment, many expressed ambivalences and disregarded the issue as a mere short stature (genetic variation). Thus, problems related to efficiency, coverage, and sustainability persists as maintaining motivation among staffs were difficult. In some settings, the situation was exacerbated by factors such as high financial dependency, misconception, and poor gender relation. Conclusion: The policy and programs to control stunting among children in Indonesia are in place. However, challenges occur due to the complexity in governance system as well as lack of political will. Better communication and cooperation are essential for well implemented policies. Keywords: stunting, ecological approach, case study, nutrition intervention, nutrition policy Correspondence: Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang Kusuma. Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara Yogyakarta 55281. Email: mutiara.tirta@gmail.com. Mobile: +62­8­139880­320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34
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Dolmatova, Oksana, Nikolaus Augsten, and Michael H. Bohlen. "Preserving Contextual Information in Relational Matrix Operations." In 2020 IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde48307.2020.00197.

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Kuhn, Thomas, Christopher Werner, Hendrik Schon, Zhao Zhenxi, and Uwe ABmann. "Contextual and Relational Role-Based Modeling Framework." In 2019 45th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seaa.2019.00072.

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Yannou, Bernard, Jiliang Wang, Ndrianarilala Rianantsoa, Chris Hoyle, Mark Drayer, Wei Chen, Fabrice Alizon, and Jean-Pierre Mathieu. "Usage Coverage Model for Choice Modeling: Principles." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87534.

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Accurately capturing the future demand for a given product is a hard task in today’s new product development initiatives. As customers become more market-savvy and markets continue fragment, current demand models could greatly benefit from exploiting the rich contextual information that exists in customers’ product usage. As such, we propose a Usage Coverage Model (UCM) as a more thorough means to quantify and capture customer demand by utilizing factors of usage context in order to inform an integrated engineering design and choice modeling approach. We start by presenting the principles of the UCM model: terms, definitions, variable classes and relation classes so as to obtain a common usage language. The usage model exhibits the ability to differentiate between individuals’ product performance experiences. With Discrete Choice Analysis, individuals’ performance with a given product is compared against that of competitive products, capturing individual customers’ choice behavior and thereby creating an effective model of product demand. As a demonstration of our methods, we apply our model in a case study regarding the general task of cutting a wood board with a jigsaw tool. We conclude by presenting the scope of future work for the case study and the contribution of the entire current and future work to the field as a whole.

Reports on the topic "Contextual and relational factors":

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Niederberger, Eva, and Ginger Johnson. Cholera Questions Bank: Qualitative Questions for Responders. Institute of Development Studies, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.006.

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This resource provides a set of key questions for responders and social scientists to use when collecting data in the context of a cholera outbreak. It also provides guidance on how to approach gaining a better contextual understanding including relevant socio-behavioural factors influencing community’s capacities, perceptions, knowledge and practices in relation to cholera control and preparedness. Using this resource will support responders and social scientists to identify critical areas for primary data collection either using rapid assessments, household level and community level surveys or more in-depth research.
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Warnke, Kaja, Valentina Di Stasio, and Marcel Lubbers. Protocol: Discrimination attributions in the workplace – a scoping review of causes and correlates. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0094.

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Rationale: Altogether, previous research attests to the importance of multiple factors that refer to personal characteristics (either of those being targeted by, or witnessing discriminatory behavior), situational factors that are inherent to the discriminatory event as well as contextual features that exert influence on discrimination attributions. However, a clear overview of this research field is lacking, which makes it difficult to grasp which factors have been studied – either in isolation or jointly with other factors - to understand discrimination attributions, how robust the existing evidence is and where future research is needed. With this scoping review, we aim to systematically synthesize the existing evidence and identify the state of knowledge on the correlational and causal impact of different factors on discrimination attributions, building on and extending the reviews of Major and Sawyer (2009) and Barreto and Ellemers (2015). Additionally, this scoping review includes more modern forms of discrimination, such as microaggressions or workplace incivility as well (Marchiondo et al., 2018), allowing us to draw general conclusions about whether the same determinants and correlates have been studied in relation to modern forms of discrimination.
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Price, Roz. Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.096.

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This rapid review provides insight into the effects of climate change in the Republic of Yemen (Yemen), with particular attention on key sectors of concern, including food security, water, energy and health. Many contextual and background factors are relevant when discussing climate-related impacts and potential priorities in Yemen. Limited studies and tools that provide climate data for Yemen exist, and there is a clear lack of recent and reliable climate data and statistics for past and future climates in Yemen, both at the national and more local levels (downscaled). Country-level information in this report is drawn mostly from information reported in Yemen’s UNFCCC reporting (Republic of Yemen, 2013, 2015) and other sources, which tend to be donor climate change country profiles, such as a USAID (2017) climate change risk profile for Yemen and a Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) (2015) climate fact sheet on Yemen. Many of these are based on projections from older sources. Studies more commonly tend to look at water scarcity or food insecurity issues in relation to Yemen, with climate change mentioned as a factor (one of many) but not the main focus. Regional information is taken from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) report in relation to the Arabian Peninsula (and hence Yemen). Academic sources as well as donor, research institutes and intergovernmental organisations sources are also included. It was outside the scope of this report to review literature in the Arabic language.
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Draper, J. V. Teleoperator hand controllers: A contextual human factors assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160431.

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Powell, Lisa, and Frank Chaloupka. Economic Contextual Factors and Child Body Mass Index. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15046.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Contextual Factors on Prostate Cancer Risk and Outcomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609266.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Contextual Factors on Prostate Cancer Risk and Outcomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592798.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Contextual Factors on Prostate Cancer Risk and Outcomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552251.

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Stewart, Katricia. Intrapersonal and Social-Contextual Factors Related to Psychological Well-being among Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6327.

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Hensel, Tom, Michaela R. Kreyenfeld, and Rainer Walke. Guidelines for linking contextual factors and survey data: an application with data from the German Family Panel (pairfam). Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-tr-2015-005.

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